CA1088395A - Apparatus for hulling small grains - Google Patents
Apparatus for hulling small grainsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1088395A CA1088395A CA307,896A CA307896A CA1088395A CA 1088395 A CA1088395 A CA 1088395A CA 307896 A CA307896 A CA 307896A CA 1088395 A CA1088395 A CA 1088395A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- grains
- cavity
- disc
- hulling
- chute
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
- B02C19/0012—Devices for disintegrating materials by collision of these materials against a breaking surface or breaking body and/or by friction between the material particles (also for grain)
- B02C19/0018—Devices for disintegrating materials by collision of these materials against a breaking surface or breaking body and/or by friction between the material particles (also for grain) using a rotor accelerating the materials centrifugally against a circumferential breaking surface
- B02C19/0025—Devices for disintegrating materials by collision of these materials against a breaking surface or breaking body and/or by friction between the material particles (also for grain) using a rotor accelerating the materials centrifugally against a circumferential breaking surface by means of a rotor with radially extending channels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02B—PREPARING GRAIN FOR MILLING; REFINING GRANULAR FRUIT TO COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS BY WORKING THE SURFACE
- B02B3/00—Hulling; Husking; Decorticating; Polishing; Removing the awns; Degerming
- B02B3/02—Hulling; Husking; Decorticating; Polishing; Removing the awns; Degerming by means of discs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02B—PREPARING GRAIN FOR MILLING; REFINING GRANULAR FRUIT TO COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS BY WORKING THE SURFACE
- B02B3/00—Hulling; Husking; Decorticating; Polishing; Removing the awns; Degerming
- B02B3/08—Hulling; Husking; Decorticating; Polishing; Removing the awns; Degerming by means of beaters or blades
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Filling Or Emptying Of Bunkers, Hoppers, And Tanks (AREA)
- Sowing (AREA)
- Adjustment And Processing Of Grains (AREA)
- Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)
- Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An apparatus for hulling small grains. This apparatus com-prises an enclosure provided at its upper part . a vertical chute for supplying grains. At its lower part there is a hopper for discharging hulled grains. A rotary distributor in the enclosure is formed from a horizontal disc comprising a central, circular cavity situated below, and coaxial with, the lower end of the feed chute. This disc is pro-vited with radial channels whose inlets communicate with the cavity and whose outlets emerge in front of a cylindrical smooth-walled target.
The target is co-axial with the disc and surrounds the disc. The feed chute is surrounded by a cylindrical wall fixed to the upper part of the enclosure. The lower end of the wall extends into the cavity to define a passage having a height slightly greater than the diameter of the grains. The apparatus is of particular use in hulling colza, rape and mustard grains.
An apparatus for hulling small grains. This apparatus com-prises an enclosure provided at its upper part . a vertical chute for supplying grains. At its lower part there is a hopper for discharging hulled grains. A rotary distributor in the enclosure is formed from a horizontal disc comprising a central, circular cavity situated below, and coaxial with, the lower end of the feed chute. This disc is pro-vited with radial channels whose inlets communicate with the cavity and whose outlets emerge in front of a cylindrical smooth-walled target.
The target is co-axial with the disc and surrounds the disc. The feed chute is surrounded by a cylindrical wall fixed to the upper part of the enclosure. The lower end of the wall extends into the cavity to define a passage having a height slightly greater than the diameter of the grains. The apparatus is of particular use in hulling colza, rape and mustard grains.
Description
1~88395 The present invention concerns an apparatus for hulling small grains, particularly colza, rape and mustard grains, of the type com-prising an enclosure provided at its upper part with a vertical chute for feeding the grains, at its lower part with a hopper for discharging hulled grains, and containing a rotary distributor formed from a hori-zontal disc having a central circular cavity situated below the lower end of the feeding chute and co-axial with the chute. This disc has radial channels whose inlets communicate with the cavity and whose outlets emerge in front of a cylindrical smooth-walled target, co-axial with and surrounding the disc.
In hulling apparatus of this type, the disc rotates at high speed so that the grains discharge into the circular cavity, under the action of the centrifugal force generated, move along the radial channels and are projected at the outlet thereof against the target which ensures the hulling thereof.
It is known that the quality of hulling depends essentially on the speed of the grains at time of their impact and on the slope of this speed in relation to the target. Experience shows however that when the flow of grains exceeds a maximum limit value, present conventional apparatus does not have the required efficiency.
In fact, the main reasons for these difficulties come from choking up of the channels which is caused by poor distribution of the grain supply. This choking up is in fact the consequence of interactions which the grains exert on one another and which are the greater, the greater the flow. The grains which are not in contact with the bottom of the cavity at the inlet of the channels or which, inside these .~. ` -1 " .,~:
~i~
: , .,. _ .
8t3395 latter, collide with other grains, have their output radial speed reduced, which causes a greater slope of their path in relation to the target and promote consequently their bouncing thereon, which offers a resistance to hulling.
The present invention proposes improving the efficiency of hulling apparatus of the above-mentioned type, with high throughput rates.
Accordingly, the invention is an apparatus for hulling small grains the apparatus comprising an enclosure provided at its upper part with a vertical grain supply chute, at its lower part with a hopper for dis-charging the hulled grains and containing a rotary distributor formed from a horizontal disc having a central circular cavity situated below the lower end of the feed chute and co-axial with the feed chute, the disc being provided with radial cha~nels whose inlets co~municate with the cayity and whose outlets emerge in front of a cylindrical smooth-walled target, co-axial with and surrounding the disc, the supply chute being surrounded by a cylindrical wall fixed to the upper part of the enclosure, the lower end of the cylindrical wall extending into the cavity of the disc to define with the bottom of the cavity a passage having a height slightly greater than the diameter of the grains.
-la-- . . . :.. : - . .
:, , . ' , '' . .. .~ ' ~ . , - , ...
. . .
, ' ' : , 1~88395 Owing to the cylindrical wall surrounding the supply chute, the grains now come into the channels and only form therein a single layer, so that their interaction is greatly limited. Their interaction in the channels will moreover be smaller the more numerous and the narrower the channels. At the extreme, the grains will be in fact able to flow following each other with a small gap therebetween and have no inter-action.
This risks of choking up the channels are thus avoided, whereas the quality of the hulling remains satisfactory.
It should moreover be noted that the side wall prevents the grains from escaping accidentally from the cavity and reaching the discharge hopper without being hulled.
Preferably, the lower end of the cylindrical wall is adjacent the periphery of the cavity, which allows the number of grains able to penetrate into the channels and consequently the efficiency of the hulling apparatus to be increased.
According to one particular embodiment of the invention, the feed chute is axially movable above the cavity.
When the lower end of the chute moves away from the bottom of the
In hulling apparatus of this type, the disc rotates at high speed so that the grains discharge into the circular cavity, under the action of the centrifugal force generated, move along the radial channels and are projected at the outlet thereof against the target which ensures the hulling thereof.
It is known that the quality of hulling depends essentially on the speed of the grains at time of their impact and on the slope of this speed in relation to the target. Experience shows however that when the flow of grains exceeds a maximum limit value, present conventional apparatus does not have the required efficiency.
In fact, the main reasons for these difficulties come from choking up of the channels which is caused by poor distribution of the grain supply. This choking up is in fact the consequence of interactions which the grains exert on one another and which are the greater, the greater the flow. The grains which are not in contact with the bottom of the cavity at the inlet of the channels or which, inside these .~. ` -1 " .,~:
~i~
: , .,. _ .
8t3395 latter, collide with other grains, have their output radial speed reduced, which causes a greater slope of their path in relation to the target and promote consequently their bouncing thereon, which offers a resistance to hulling.
The present invention proposes improving the efficiency of hulling apparatus of the above-mentioned type, with high throughput rates.
Accordingly, the invention is an apparatus for hulling small grains the apparatus comprising an enclosure provided at its upper part with a vertical grain supply chute, at its lower part with a hopper for dis-charging the hulled grains and containing a rotary distributor formed from a horizontal disc having a central circular cavity situated below the lower end of the feed chute and co-axial with the feed chute, the disc being provided with radial cha~nels whose inlets co~municate with the cayity and whose outlets emerge in front of a cylindrical smooth-walled target, co-axial with and surrounding the disc, the supply chute being surrounded by a cylindrical wall fixed to the upper part of the enclosure, the lower end of the cylindrical wall extending into the cavity of the disc to define with the bottom of the cavity a passage having a height slightly greater than the diameter of the grains.
-la-- . . . :.. : - . .
:, , . ' , '' . .. .~ ' ~ . , - , ...
. . .
, ' ' : , 1~88395 Owing to the cylindrical wall surrounding the supply chute, the grains now come into the channels and only form therein a single layer, so that their interaction is greatly limited. Their interaction in the channels will moreover be smaller the more numerous and the narrower the channels. At the extreme, the grains will be in fact able to flow following each other with a small gap therebetween and have no inter-action.
This risks of choking up the channels are thus avoided, whereas the quality of the hulling remains satisfactory.
It should moreover be noted that the side wall prevents the grains from escaping accidentally from the cavity and reaching the discharge hopper without being hulled.
Preferably, the lower end of the cylindrical wall is adjacent the periphery of the cavity, which allows the number of grains able to penetrate into the channels and consequently the efficiency of the hulling apparatus to be increased.
According to one particular embodiment of the invention, the feed chute is axially movable above the cavity.
When the lower end of the chute moves away from the bottom of the
2 cavity, the heap formed by the grains contained therein has a base whose dimensions increase progressively to cover finally the whole of the bottom of the tank; the grain supply flow increases of course as the heap increases.
Thus, by judiciously moving the feed chute, it is possible to vary the grain flow so as to adapt it to the optimum rotational speed of the . . .
,. ..~
1~88395 disc and to allow the apparatus to operate under the most efficient conditions.
An embodiment of the present invention is shown by way of example on the accompanying drawing in which: -Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view of the hulling apparatus whose lower -2a-, . . ', ,~ ' .. ~ ' .,, ' , .' . . : . - : ' : . ' . - . . .
: ' ' ', ' .' : :. ' , :
part has not been shown;
Figure 2 is an enlarged top view with parts cut away of a part of the disc of the apparatus; and Figure 3 is a sectional view along line III-III of Figure 2.
The hulling apparatus shown in Figure 1 is more particularly meant for hulling small grains such as those of colza, rape and mustard. It comprises an enclosure 1 provided at its upper part with a vertical grain supply chute 2 and at its lower part with a discharge hopper 3 for the hulled grains.
Inside the enclosure there is disposed a rotary distributor formed by a horizontal disc 4 mounted on the upper end of a shaft 5. This shaft is mounted inside a protecting sleeve 6 by means of bearings 7 only one of which is visible in Figure 1, and is capable of being driven by a drive member 8 associated with a speed variator. At its upper end, sleeve 6 carries a plate 9 fixed by means of bolts and nuts 10 to radial brackets 11 integral with the side-wall of the enclosure.
Disc 4 comprises a central circular cavity 12 situated below the lower end of chute 2 and radial channels 13 whose inlets emerge into cavity 12 and whose outlets emerge in front of a smooth-walled cylindri-cal target 14, which is co-axial with the disc which it surrounds and is fixed on the ~adial brackets 11.
As can be seen in particular in Figure 2 and 3, channels 13 are closed at their upper end by a cover 15 fixed to disc 4 by means of bolts 16.
In accordance with the in~ention, the feed chute 2 is axially : . - . : - -: ' , .
- ' movable and is surrounded by a cylindrical wall 17 fixed to the upper part of the enclosure. The lower end of the wall 17 penetrates inside cavity 12 with the bottom of which it defines an annular passage 18 having a height slightly greater than the diameter of the grains. In the example shown in Figure 1, it is moreover located adjacent the periphery of cavity 12.
The operation of the hulling apparatus will now be described while assuming that the chute is in its low position shown with continuous lines.
The grains to be treated, stored in a reservoir not shown, fall by gravity into chute 2 and reach rotary disc 4 while forming therein a heap E whose base partially covers the bottom of cavity 12. With the rotation of the disc, the grains are subjected to a high centrifugal acceleration so that those located at the periphery of the base of the heap are directed in the form of a single layer, towards the periphery of the cavity, follow passage 18 and travel at high speed along radial channels 13 at the outlet of which they are projected against target 14.
Cylindrical wall 17, while preventing the grains from accidentally escaping from cavity 12, regularises their flow which may then remain as a single layer inside the channels. The interactions between the different grains are thus greatly limited, which avoids the choking up of said channels and avoids the risks of bouncing on the target. It will be noted that by increasing the number of the channels and by constructing them with a width only slightly greater than the diameter of the grains, these interactions may again be reduced since in this .. : :.
1~88395 case the grains can only move one after the other in the different channels.
When chute 2 is in its high position shown with a dotted dash line in Figure 1, the grains from a heap E' whose base covers the whole of the bottom of cavity 12. The supply flow is here much greater than when the chute is in its low position. However, the risks of choking up and bouncing are again avoided with wall 17 which forces the grains to penetrate into the channels while forming only a single layer.
,
Thus, by judiciously moving the feed chute, it is possible to vary the grain flow so as to adapt it to the optimum rotational speed of the . . .
,. ..~
1~88395 disc and to allow the apparatus to operate under the most efficient conditions.
An embodiment of the present invention is shown by way of example on the accompanying drawing in which: -Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view of the hulling apparatus whose lower -2a-, . . ', ,~ ' .. ~ ' .,, ' , .' . . : . - : ' : . ' . - . . .
: ' ' ', ' .' : :. ' , :
part has not been shown;
Figure 2 is an enlarged top view with parts cut away of a part of the disc of the apparatus; and Figure 3 is a sectional view along line III-III of Figure 2.
The hulling apparatus shown in Figure 1 is more particularly meant for hulling small grains such as those of colza, rape and mustard. It comprises an enclosure 1 provided at its upper part with a vertical grain supply chute 2 and at its lower part with a discharge hopper 3 for the hulled grains.
Inside the enclosure there is disposed a rotary distributor formed by a horizontal disc 4 mounted on the upper end of a shaft 5. This shaft is mounted inside a protecting sleeve 6 by means of bearings 7 only one of which is visible in Figure 1, and is capable of being driven by a drive member 8 associated with a speed variator. At its upper end, sleeve 6 carries a plate 9 fixed by means of bolts and nuts 10 to radial brackets 11 integral with the side-wall of the enclosure.
Disc 4 comprises a central circular cavity 12 situated below the lower end of chute 2 and radial channels 13 whose inlets emerge into cavity 12 and whose outlets emerge in front of a smooth-walled cylindri-cal target 14, which is co-axial with the disc which it surrounds and is fixed on the ~adial brackets 11.
As can be seen in particular in Figure 2 and 3, channels 13 are closed at their upper end by a cover 15 fixed to disc 4 by means of bolts 16.
In accordance with the in~ention, the feed chute 2 is axially : . - . : - -: ' , .
- ' movable and is surrounded by a cylindrical wall 17 fixed to the upper part of the enclosure. The lower end of the wall 17 penetrates inside cavity 12 with the bottom of which it defines an annular passage 18 having a height slightly greater than the diameter of the grains. In the example shown in Figure 1, it is moreover located adjacent the periphery of cavity 12.
The operation of the hulling apparatus will now be described while assuming that the chute is in its low position shown with continuous lines.
The grains to be treated, stored in a reservoir not shown, fall by gravity into chute 2 and reach rotary disc 4 while forming therein a heap E whose base partially covers the bottom of cavity 12. With the rotation of the disc, the grains are subjected to a high centrifugal acceleration so that those located at the periphery of the base of the heap are directed in the form of a single layer, towards the periphery of the cavity, follow passage 18 and travel at high speed along radial channels 13 at the outlet of which they are projected against target 14.
Cylindrical wall 17, while preventing the grains from accidentally escaping from cavity 12, regularises their flow which may then remain as a single layer inside the channels. The interactions between the different grains are thus greatly limited, which avoids the choking up of said channels and avoids the risks of bouncing on the target. It will be noted that by increasing the number of the channels and by constructing them with a width only slightly greater than the diameter of the grains, these interactions may again be reduced since in this .. : :.
1~88395 case the grains can only move one after the other in the different channels.
When chute 2 is in its high position shown with a dotted dash line in Figure 1, the grains from a heap E' whose base covers the whole of the bottom of cavity 12. The supply flow is here much greater than when the chute is in its low position. However, the risks of choking up and bouncing are again avoided with wall 17 which forces the grains to penetrate into the channels while forming only a single layer.
,
Claims (2)
1. An apparatus for hulling small grains the apparatus comprising an enclosure provided at its upper part with a vertical grain supply chute, at its lower part with a hopper for discharging the hulled grains and containing a rotary distributor formed from a horizontal disc having a central circular cavity situated below the lower end of the feed chute and co-axial with the feed chute, the disc being provided with radial channels whose inlets communicate directly with the cavity at the periphery of the cavity and whose outlets emerge in front of a cylindri-cal smooth-walled target, co-axial with and surrounding the disc, the supply chute being surrounded by a cylindrical wall fixed to the upper part of the enclosure, the lower end of the cylindrical wall extending into the cavity of the disc, adjacent the periphery of the cavity, to define with the bottom of the cavity a passage having a height slightly greater than the diameter of the grains.
2. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, in which the supply chute is axially movable above the cavity.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR77/24660 | 1977-08-10 | ||
| FR7724660A FR2399867A1 (en) | 1977-08-10 | 1977-08-10 | APPARATUS FOR PULPING SMALL SEEDS |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1088395A true CA1088395A (en) | 1980-10-28 |
Family
ID=9194447
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA307,896A Expired CA1088395A (en) | 1977-08-10 | 1978-07-21 | Apparatus for hulling small grains |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE869480A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1088395A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2834217A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2399867A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2002221B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1097932B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL188329C (en) |
| PL (1) | PL113575B1 (en) |
| SE (1) | SE434707B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4034737C2 (en) * | 1990-10-30 | 1997-07-17 | Thaelmann Schwermaschbau Veb | Shell separator |
| CZ306665B6 (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2017-04-26 | České vysoké učení technické v Praze, Fakulta strojní, Ústav konstruování a částí strojů | A device for peeling, especially vegetable oil seeds |
| CN117619483B (en) * | 2024-01-26 | 2024-04-09 | 内蒙古工业大学 | Buckwheat decorticator discharge gate seed grain image acquisition device |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB583188A (en) * | 1944-03-29 | 1946-12-11 | Quaker Oats Co | Improvements in or relating to grain hullers |
| GB739089A (en) * | 1952-02-07 | 1955-10-26 | Sven Jacobson | Apparatus for shelling seeds or grains |
-
1977
- 1977-08-10 FR FR7724660A patent/FR2399867A1/en active Granted
-
1978
- 1978-07-20 GB GB7830444A patent/GB2002221B/en not_active Expired
- 1978-07-20 SE SE7808006A patent/SE434707B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-07-21 CA CA307,896A patent/CA1088395A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-08-02 NL NLAANVRAGE7808131,A patent/NL188329C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-08-03 IT IT26435/78A patent/IT1097932B/en active
- 1978-08-03 BE BE78189668A patent/BE869480A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-08-04 DE DE19782834217 patent/DE2834217A1/en active Granted
- 1978-08-09 PL PL1978208943A patent/PL113575B1/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL188329B (en) | 1992-01-02 |
| SE434707B (en) | 1984-08-13 |
| DE2834217C2 (en) | 1987-08-27 |
| IT7826435A0 (en) | 1978-08-03 |
| BE869480A (en) | 1979-02-05 |
| DE2834217A1 (en) | 1979-02-22 |
| FR2399867B1 (en) | 1980-07-11 |
| IT1097932B (en) | 1985-08-31 |
| PL113575B1 (en) | 1980-12-31 |
| PL208943A1 (en) | 1979-05-07 |
| FR2399867A1 (en) | 1979-03-09 |
| NL7808131A (en) | 1979-02-13 |
| GB2002221A (en) | 1979-02-21 |
| GB2002221B (en) | 1982-03-03 |
| SE7808006L (en) | 1979-02-11 |
| NL188329C (en) | 1992-06-01 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |