CA1085769A - Sea water desalination apparatus - Google Patents
Sea water desalination apparatusInfo
- Publication number
- CA1085769A CA1085769A CA256,853A CA256853A CA1085769A CA 1085769 A CA1085769 A CA 1085769A CA 256853 A CA256853 A CA 256853A CA 1085769 A CA1085769 A CA 1085769A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- basin
- evaporator
- cylindrical section
- fall
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/08—Thin film evaporation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/0082—Regulation; Control
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
- Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE:
In a sea water desalination apparatus, the levels of sea water and fresh water in the several stages of the multistage installation are regulated by a device comprising a fall tube inserted in the upper end portion of a larger closed end riser tube that is coaxial with the fall tube and has a plurality of slots in its upper portion.
In a sea water desalination apparatus, the levels of sea water and fresh water in the several stages of the multistage installation are regulated by a device comprising a fall tube inserted in the upper end portion of a larger closed end riser tube that is coaxial with the fall tube and has a plurality of slots in its upper portion.
Description
-`` 1085769 This invention relates to an apparatus for the desalination of sea water, with automatic regulation of the levels of the fresh and the salted water.
More particularly, the present invention relates to an automatic device for regulating the levels of fresh water and brine in the multistage desalination process.
From U.S. Patent No. 3,961,658, an apparatus is known for carrying out a multistage distillation process for sea water.
Such apparatus may be briefly described as an apparatus for desalinating sea water that is composed by a vertically positioned column subdivided into a plurality of cylindrical sections, each of which comprises the following component parts:
(a) a film-evaporator in a tube bundle vertical arrangement having preferably a circular cross-sectional outline, without any outer casing;
(b) a tub or basin which is connected at the bottom portion with a top tube plate of the.evaporator of the same cylindrical `.section, the tub or basin in the last section being deprived of the evaporator and being connected to the brine-discharge tube, and connected at the top with a bottom tube plateof theevaporator of the overlying section, the tub or basin being connected, in the first cylindrical section, to the sea water feeding tube;
; (c) a lamination system or restriction arranged at the bottom of the tub or basin and having the purpose of allowing the flow of the brine from the tub or basin to the underlying tube plate by dissipating the positive pressure differential obtained between the tub or basin and the tube plates;
(d).openings formed through the upper sidewall of the tub or basin except that of the first cylindrical section;
(e) one or more siphoning tubes for taking the condensate collected at the bottom of each cylindrical : '`', 1 section to recycle the condensate at intermediate points of the subsequent cylindrical section;
(f) a preheater housed in a throughtube having a circular of elliptical or rectangular cross-section, the tube being diametrically passed through the tube and welded thereto, the heating means being the steam produced in every cylindrical section, and the steam of the last section being condensed.
The Applicant's attention has been directed to the device which is intended both for transferring the brine from the tub of any section to the tube plate of the film evaporator of the next section, and for transferring the fresh water or the brine from a stage to the next one, a device which in the above-mentioned patent, was shown as a submerged overfall, other devices being equally well suited for this use and particularly valves, especially of the floater type.
A particular static device (self-regulating siphon) has now been found, which, by properly exploiting the "flashing"
phenomenon (with evolution of vapor) which takes place during the expansion of the liquid from a stage to the next, permits a self-regulation of the levels in a simple and reliable way, by avoiding the ùse of moving component parts. Such a transfer device consists of a tube (fall tubel inserted in the end portion of another tube (riser) having a larger size and coaxial with the first and having specially provided slots, preferably in the cylindrical portion for causing the liquid to merge from the top portion. The cross-section of the tube can also be other than circular, since it is possible to provide elliptical, rectangular tubes and so on. The cross-section of these slots is calculated in such a way that, during the normal run, the overall load acting on the slots is ~ Hl+ P , wherein AH
is the liquid head in the fall tube and ~P is the pressure :, - - ' - ' ' differential between two consecutive stages, expressed in terms of height of liquid column.
Under these conditions, the expansion of the liquid takes place only at the outflow and the riser will not contain any water vapor.
A device according to the subject invention will now be described in greater details with reference to the appended drawings, this description being anyhow intended as being merely an illustration and not a limitation of this invention.
FIGURE 1 shows an example of transfer of the liquid (fresh water or brine) from a stage at a pressure P to the subsequent stage at a pressure P - ~P, wherein the two stages are separated by specially provided plates 1 and 1'. In this case, that is, during the normal run, the load acting upon the slots 2 is ~Hl ~ ~P and under these conditions the expansion of the liquid takes place only at the outflow and the riser 3 will consequently contain no water vapor.
FIGURE 2 shows an example of the case in which the rate of flow of the liquid is reduced and the fall tube 4 will , consequently tend to become emptied and the hydraulic head ~Hl will become negative relative to the outlet slots 2. The overall load acting upon the slots 2 will thus be ~P - ~Hl.
The result is that the liquid will undergo a flash-ing in the interior of the riser 3 and will evolve steam which, due to its larger specific volume, will drastically reduce the flow cross-section of the liquid and will prevent the fall tube 4 from being totally emptied and thus also from transferring stcam from a stage to the next one.
FIGURE 3 shows an example of the case in which, less frequently, a rate of flow increase over the nominal value is experienced. In such a case there is an increase of the level of the liquid in the fall tube 4 and the degree of :
1085~69 flexibility will be bound to tlle length of said tube. The insertion of an appropriate overflow tube 10 could prevent an exceedingly large accumulation of liquid in the several stages, whenever it is not possible to provide for an adequately long fall tube. As an alternative to the overflow tube 10, the self-regulating siphon can be designed for a rate of flow greater than the nominal one and if so, obviously, the siphon will work during the normal run under flashing conditions in the riser, as shown in FIGURE 2.
FIGURE 4 gives an example of a portion of the column with a complete stage which comprises the two evaporators S
placed side by side and the central preheater 6.
The condensates coming from the stage "n" are passed to the stage "n + 1" through the fall tube 4. Since the space occupied by a stage is about 4 to 5 meters, the fall tube can be long enough as to permit wide fluctuations of the level in the tube without giving rise to accumulation problems. In addition,the brine coming from the film evaporators 5 is collected in the relative tubs 7 and the liquid level in each tub is regulated by the self-regulating siphon E, which has the vertical fall tube 8 fastened to a plate H, the latter being internal to the tub and in communication on the one side with the liquid vapor boundary area and, in addition, has its other end enclosed by a cylindrical sleeve 9, which is coaxial with the fall tube and has a larger diameter than the same, is closed at one end and equipped in the cylindrical portion with slots 2 which give a preselected pressure drop.
Inasmuch as the fall tube cannot be, in this case, long anough as to permit the flow of rates of flow larger than the nominal one, it can be provided so as to have the siphon to operate under flash conditions in the riser portion, as outlined above.
C ~ 4 ~
.. . ~
More particularly, the present invention relates to an automatic device for regulating the levels of fresh water and brine in the multistage desalination process.
From U.S. Patent No. 3,961,658, an apparatus is known for carrying out a multistage distillation process for sea water.
Such apparatus may be briefly described as an apparatus for desalinating sea water that is composed by a vertically positioned column subdivided into a plurality of cylindrical sections, each of which comprises the following component parts:
(a) a film-evaporator in a tube bundle vertical arrangement having preferably a circular cross-sectional outline, without any outer casing;
(b) a tub or basin which is connected at the bottom portion with a top tube plate of the.evaporator of the same cylindrical `.section, the tub or basin in the last section being deprived of the evaporator and being connected to the brine-discharge tube, and connected at the top with a bottom tube plateof theevaporator of the overlying section, the tub or basin being connected, in the first cylindrical section, to the sea water feeding tube;
; (c) a lamination system or restriction arranged at the bottom of the tub or basin and having the purpose of allowing the flow of the brine from the tub or basin to the underlying tube plate by dissipating the positive pressure differential obtained between the tub or basin and the tube plates;
(d).openings formed through the upper sidewall of the tub or basin except that of the first cylindrical section;
(e) one or more siphoning tubes for taking the condensate collected at the bottom of each cylindrical : '`', 1 section to recycle the condensate at intermediate points of the subsequent cylindrical section;
(f) a preheater housed in a throughtube having a circular of elliptical or rectangular cross-section, the tube being diametrically passed through the tube and welded thereto, the heating means being the steam produced in every cylindrical section, and the steam of the last section being condensed.
The Applicant's attention has been directed to the device which is intended both for transferring the brine from the tub of any section to the tube plate of the film evaporator of the next section, and for transferring the fresh water or the brine from a stage to the next one, a device which in the above-mentioned patent, was shown as a submerged overfall, other devices being equally well suited for this use and particularly valves, especially of the floater type.
A particular static device (self-regulating siphon) has now been found, which, by properly exploiting the "flashing"
phenomenon (with evolution of vapor) which takes place during the expansion of the liquid from a stage to the next, permits a self-regulation of the levels in a simple and reliable way, by avoiding the ùse of moving component parts. Such a transfer device consists of a tube (fall tubel inserted in the end portion of another tube (riser) having a larger size and coaxial with the first and having specially provided slots, preferably in the cylindrical portion for causing the liquid to merge from the top portion. The cross-section of the tube can also be other than circular, since it is possible to provide elliptical, rectangular tubes and so on. The cross-section of these slots is calculated in such a way that, during the normal run, the overall load acting on the slots is ~ Hl+ P , wherein AH
is the liquid head in the fall tube and ~P is the pressure :, - - ' - ' ' differential between two consecutive stages, expressed in terms of height of liquid column.
Under these conditions, the expansion of the liquid takes place only at the outflow and the riser will not contain any water vapor.
A device according to the subject invention will now be described in greater details with reference to the appended drawings, this description being anyhow intended as being merely an illustration and not a limitation of this invention.
FIGURE 1 shows an example of transfer of the liquid (fresh water or brine) from a stage at a pressure P to the subsequent stage at a pressure P - ~P, wherein the two stages are separated by specially provided plates 1 and 1'. In this case, that is, during the normal run, the load acting upon the slots 2 is ~Hl ~ ~P and under these conditions the expansion of the liquid takes place only at the outflow and the riser 3 will consequently contain no water vapor.
FIGURE 2 shows an example of the case in which the rate of flow of the liquid is reduced and the fall tube 4 will , consequently tend to become emptied and the hydraulic head ~Hl will become negative relative to the outlet slots 2. The overall load acting upon the slots 2 will thus be ~P - ~Hl.
The result is that the liquid will undergo a flash-ing in the interior of the riser 3 and will evolve steam which, due to its larger specific volume, will drastically reduce the flow cross-section of the liquid and will prevent the fall tube 4 from being totally emptied and thus also from transferring stcam from a stage to the next one.
FIGURE 3 shows an example of the case in which, less frequently, a rate of flow increase over the nominal value is experienced. In such a case there is an increase of the level of the liquid in the fall tube 4 and the degree of :
1085~69 flexibility will be bound to tlle length of said tube. The insertion of an appropriate overflow tube 10 could prevent an exceedingly large accumulation of liquid in the several stages, whenever it is not possible to provide for an adequately long fall tube. As an alternative to the overflow tube 10, the self-regulating siphon can be designed for a rate of flow greater than the nominal one and if so, obviously, the siphon will work during the normal run under flashing conditions in the riser, as shown in FIGURE 2.
FIGURE 4 gives an example of a portion of the column with a complete stage which comprises the two evaporators S
placed side by side and the central preheater 6.
The condensates coming from the stage "n" are passed to the stage "n + 1" through the fall tube 4. Since the space occupied by a stage is about 4 to 5 meters, the fall tube can be long enough as to permit wide fluctuations of the level in the tube without giving rise to accumulation problems. In addition,the brine coming from the film evaporators 5 is collected in the relative tubs 7 and the liquid level in each tub is regulated by the self-regulating siphon E, which has the vertical fall tube 8 fastened to a plate H, the latter being internal to the tub and in communication on the one side with the liquid vapor boundary area and, in addition, has its other end enclosed by a cylindrical sleeve 9, which is coaxial with the fall tube and has a larger diameter than the same, is closed at one end and equipped in the cylindrical portion with slots 2 which give a preselected pressure drop.
Inasmuch as the fall tube cannot be, in this case, long anough as to permit the flow of rates of flow larger than the nominal one, it can be provided so as to have the siphon to operate under flash conditions in the riser portion, as outlined above.
C ~ 4 ~
.. . ~
Claims (3)
1. In an apparatus for desalinating sea water comprising a vertically positioned column subdivided into a plurality of cylindrical sections, each of which comprises the following components:
(a) a film-evaporator in a tube bundle vertical arrangement having a circular cross-sectional outline;
(b) a basin which is connected at the bottom portion with a top tube plate of the evaporator of the same cylindrical section, the basin in the last section being deprived of the evaporator and being connected to the brine discharge tube, and connected at the top with a bottom tube plate of the evaporator of the overlying section, said basin being connected, in the first cylindrical section, to the sea water feeding tube;
(c) a lamination system arranged at the bottom of the basin that is adapted to allow brine to flow from the basin to the film evaporator;
(d) openings formed through the upper sidewall of the basin except that of the cylindrical section;
(e) one or more siphoning tubes for taking the condensate collected at the bottom of each cylindrical section to recycle the condensate at intermediate points of the subsequent cylindrical section; the improvement wherein said lamination system comprises in combination a fall tube attached to a horizontal plate in the bottom of the basin, said fall tube being inserted in the upper end portion of a larger closed end riser tube that is coaxial with said fall tube, said riser tube having a plurality of slots in its upper portion.
(a) a film-evaporator in a tube bundle vertical arrangement having a circular cross-sectional outline;
(b) a basin which is connected at the bottom portion with a top tube plate of the evaporator of the same cylindrical section, the basin in the last section being deprived of the evaporator and being connected to the brine discharge tube, and connected at the top with a bottom tube plate of the evaporator of the overlying section, said basin being connected, in the first cylindrical section, to the sea water feeding tube;
(c) a lamination system arranged at the bottom of the basin that is adapted to allow brine to flow from the basin to the film evaporator;
(d) openings formed through the upper sidewall of the basin except that of the cylindrical section;
(e) one or more siphoning tubes for taking the condensate collected at the bottom of each cylindrical section to recycle the condensate at intermediate points of the subsequent cylindrical section; the improvement wherein said lamination system comprises in combination a fall tube attached to a horizontal plate in the bottom of the basin, said fall tube being inserted in the upper end portion of a larger closed end riser tube that is coaxial with said fall tube, said riser tube having a plurality of slots in its upper portion.
2. In an apparatus for desalinating sea water comprising a vertically positioned column subdivided into a plurality of cylindrical sections, each of which comprises the following components:
(a) a film-evaporator in a tube bundle vertical arrangement having a circular cross-sectional outline;
(b) a basin which is connected at the bottom portion with a top tube plate of the evaporator of the same cylindrical section, the basin in the last section being deprived of the evaporator and being connected to the brine discharge tube, and connected at the top with a bottom tube plate of the evaporator of the overlying section, said basin being connected, in the first cylindrical section, to the sea water feeding tube;
(c) a lamination system arranged at the bottom of the basin that is adapted to allow brine to flow from the basin to the film evaporator;
(d) openings formed through the upper sidewall of the basin except that of the cylindrical section; the improvement which comprises as the device for taking the condensate collected at the bottom of each cylindrical section to recycle the condensate at intermediate points of the subsequent cylindrical section, a fall tube inserted in the end portion of a larger closed end riser tube that has a plurality of slots in its upper portion.
(a) a film-evaporator in a tube bundle vertical arrangement having a circular cross-sectional outline;
(b) a basin which is connected at the bottom portion with a top tube plate of the evaporator of the same cylindrical section, the basin in the last section being deprived of the evaporator and being connected to the brine discharge tube, and connected at the top with a bottom tube plate of the evaporator of the overlying section, said basin being connected, in the first cylindrical section, to the sea water feeding tube;
(c) a lamination system arranged at the bottom of the basin that is adapted to allow brine to flow from the basin to the film evaporator;
(d) openings formed through the upper sidewall of the basin except that of the cylindrical section; the improvement which comprises as the device for taking the condensate collected at the bottom of each cylindrical section to recycle the condensate at intermediate points of the subsequent cylindrical section, a fall tube inserted in the end portion of a larger closed end riser tube that has a plurality of slots in its upper portion.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the lamination system comprises in combination a fall tube attached to a horizontal plate in the bottom of said basin, said fall tube being inserted in the upper end portion of a larger closed end rise tube that is coaxial with said fall tube, said riser tube having a plurality of slots in its upper portion.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT25420A/75 | 1975-07-15 | ||
| IT25420/75A IT1041777B (en) | 1975-07-15 | 1975-07-15 | SEA WATER DESALINATION EQUIPMENT WITH AUTOMATIC ADJUSTMENT OF FRESHWATER AND BRINE LEVELS |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1085769A true CA1085769A (en) | 1980-09-16 |
Family
ID=11216633
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA256,853A Expired CA1085769A (en) | 1975-07-15 | 1976-07-13 | Sea water desalination apparatus |
Country Status (28)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5211170A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU503618B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE844117A (en) |
| BG (1) | BG39118A3 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7605719A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1085769A (en) |
| DD (1) | DD125789A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2631869C3 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK146850C (en) |
| EG (1) | EG12823A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES450402A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2318114A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1533316A (en) |
| IE (1) | IE43925B1 (en) |
| IN (1) | IN145147B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1041777B (en) |
| MX (1) | MX4031E (en) |
| NL (1) | NL171567C (en) |
| NO (2) | NO148993C (en) |
| OA (1) | OA05389A (en) |
| PH (1) | PH15029A (en) |
| PL (1) | PL110795B1 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT65364B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE417311B (en) |
| SU (1) | SU1144631A3 (en) |
| TR (1) | TR19060A (en) |
| YU (1) | YU40650B (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA763989B (en) |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2186274B1 (en) * | 1972-01-27 | 1974-12-13 | Soc Gen Entreprises | |
| IT964539B (en) * | 1972-07-07 | 1974-01-31 | Snam Progetti | EQUIPMENT FOR THE DESALINATION OF SEA WATER |
-
1975
- 1975-07-15 IT IT25420/75A patent/IT1041777B/en active
-
1976
- 1976-07-05 ZA ZA763989A patent/ZA763989B/en unknown
- 1976-07-11 EG EG424/76A patent/EG12823A/en active
- 1976-07-12 FR FR7621345A patent/FR2318114A1/en active Granted
- 1976-07-12 GB GB28952/76A patent/GB1533316A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-07-13 YU YU1727/76A patent/YU40650B/en unknown
- 1976-07-13 BG BG7633734A patent/BG39118A3/en unknown
- 1976-07-13 CA CA256,853A patent/CA1085769A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-07-13 AU AU15825/76A patent/AU503618B2/en not_active Expired
- 1976-07-14 SU SU762383550A patent/SU1144631A3/en active
- 1976-07-14 SE SE7608061A patent/SE417311B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-07-14 DK DK317176A patent/DK146850C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-07-14 MX MX761470U patent/MX4031E/en unknown
- 1976-07-14 BE BE168904A patent/BE844117A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-07-14 DD DD193852A patent/DD125789A5/xx unknown
- 1976-07-14 PT PT65364A patent/PT65364B/en unknown
- 1976-07-15 NO NO76762486A patent/NO148993C/en unknown
- 1976-07-15 NL NLAANVRAGE7607873,A patent/NL171567C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-07-15 TR TR19060A patent/TR19060A/en unknown
- 1976-07-15 PL PL1976191215A patent/PL110795B1/en unknown
- 1976-07-15 ES ES450402A patent/ES450402A1/en not_active Expired
- 1976-07-15 DE DE2631869A patent/DE2631869C3/en not_active Expired
- 1976-07-15 IE IE1569/76A patent/IE43925B1/en unknown
- 1976-07-15 IN IN1270/CAL/1976A patent/IN145147B/en unknown
- 1976-07-15 NO NO762484A patent/NO141798C/en unknown
- 1976-07-15 OA OA55887A patent/OA05389A/en unknown
- 1976-07-15 JP JP51083563A patent/JPS5211170A/en active Granted
- 1976-07-15 BR BR7605719A patent/BR7605719A/en unknown
- 1976-07-15 PH PH18687A patent/PH15029A/en unknown
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |