CA1083535A - Crane unit - Google Patents
Crane unitInfo
- Publication number
- CA1083535A CA1083535A CA303,619A CA303619A CA1083535A CA 1083535 A CA1083535 A CA 1083535A CA 303619 A CA303619 A CA 303619A CA 1083535 A CA1083535 A CA 1083535A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- frame
- unit according
- pick
- crane unit
- guide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C11/00—Trolleys or crabs, e.g. operating above runways
- B66C11/12—Trolleys or crabs, e.g. operating above runways having hoisting gear adapted to special load-engaging elements and not otherwise provided for
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A crane unit of the kind having a traveling carriage, downward guide columns in which a guide frame moves up and down and a load pick-up frame moving up and down within the guide frame is adapted for remote control, with precise positioning by providing cooperating centering parts on the guide frame and on the stationary pick-up stations from which loads are to be picked up and set down. The centering parts interengage when the guide fame is lowered and actuate a switch which permits the pick-up frame to be lowered.
A crane unit of the kind having a traveling carriage, downward guide columns in which a guide frame moves up and down and a load pick-up frame moving up and down within the guide frame is adapted for remote control, with precise positioning by providing cooperating centering parts on the guide frame and on the stationary pick-up stations from which loads are to be picked up and set down. The centering parts interengage when the guide fame is lowered and actuate a switch which permits the pick-up frame to be lowered.
Description
~C98;~5;35 The invention relates to a crane unit consisting of a carriage having downwardly-directed guide columns on which a guide frame is adapted to travel vertically and a load-pick-up frame adapted to move vertically in the said guide frame.
A crane unit of this kind is known as a stacking crane ~German Patent 1 068 267). In this piece of equiprnent, the carrier for the load-pick-up means is adapted to move up and down guided in columns, so that, when the crane travels, the said pick-up means does not collide with objects on the shop floor. This unit can be controlled only manually ~y the crane operator who is responsible for guiding it accurately to the pick-up stations. There exists, however, a need for crane installations of this ~ind in which the crane must reach the pick-up stations very accurately b~ remote control. This problem arises, for example, in plants where noxious vapours are present and the crane therefore has to be controlled without direct vision.
It is the purpose of the invention to provide a crane unit, of the type mentioned at the beginning hereof, in such a manner that it moves to the pick-up stations automatically and with extreme accuracy, even in the event of certain dimensional deviations arising, for example a settling of the structure of -the crane. One application presenting these requirements is, for instance, in electrolyzing plants where the plates must be suspended in, or removed from the tanks. In this case, the said plates must be moved accurately, without striking any objects and without coming into contact with each other during transportation. -The present invention provides a crane unit comprising a carriage having downwardly-directed guide columns on which a guide frame is adapted to travel vertically, a loa~-pick-up frame adapted to move vertically in the said guide frame, and means for accurate alignment of the pic~-up frame with stationary pick-up :` :
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~ 83S35 stations comprising co-operating centering parts arranged upon the guide frame and the pick-up stations, respectively, the said centering parts entering into engagement and serving to guide the guide frame laterally relative to the pick-up station when the guide frame is in the lowered postion, and actuating a device which allows the pick-up frame to descend in the guide frame.
This ensures that the said pick-up frame can be moved into its lowermost position only when the guide frame, in which the pick-up frame is adapted to move, has assumed a position which predetermines the correct terminal position. If, however, the guide frame for any reason whatsoever, fails to engage correctly with the centering parts, it is impossible for the said pick-up frame to descend to its terminal position, and the load suspended is therefore thus protected from damage.
In one form of the invention, the centering parts may be a centering mandrel, vertically adjustable against the force of a spring, and a centering receiver. Arranged upon the centering mandrel is a switch rod for a part actuating a switch which controls the movement of the pick-up frame in the guide frame. The said switch is connected to a hoist motor and ensures that the pick-up frame is not lowered in the guide frame unless the centering mandrel is correctly positioned in the centering receiv~r. The centering mandrel and the switch rod are held in the ready position by means of a spring. The centering mandrel is guided displaceably in relation to the switch rod in a centering tube, against the force of a spring. Moreo~er, secured to the said switch rod is a sliding ring with a sliding guide for a double-ended sliding lever. Mounted at the end of the said . .i--~. - . ~
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A crane unit of this kind is known as a stacking crane ~German Patent 1 068 267). In this piece of equiprnent, the carrier for the load-pick-up means is adapted to move up and down guided in columns, so that, when the crane travels, the said pick-up means does not collide with objects on the shop floor. This unit can be controlled only manually ~y the crane operator who is responsible for guiding it accurately to the pick-up stations. There exists, however, a need for crane installations of this ~ind in which the crane must reach the pick-up stations very accurately b~ remote control. This problem arises, for example, in plants where noxious vapours are present and the crane therefore has to be controlled without direct vision.
It is the purpose of the invention to provide a crane unit, of the type mentioned at the beginning hereof, in such a manner that it moves to the pick-up stations automatically and with extreme accuracy, even in the event of certain dimensional deviations arising, for example a settling of the structure of -the crane. One application presenting these requirements is, for instance, in electrolyzing plants where the plates must be suspended in, or removed from the tanks. In this case, the said plates must be moved accurately, without striking any objects and without coming into contact with each other during transportation. -The present invention provides a crane unit comprising a carriage having downwardly-directed guide columns on which a guide frame is adapted to travel vertically, a loa~-pick-up frame adapted to move vertically in the said guide frame, and means for accurate alignment of the pic~-up frame with stationary pick-up :` :
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~ 83S35 stations comprising co-operating centering parts arranged upon the guide frame and the pick-up stations, respectively, the said centering parts entering into engagement and serving to guide the guide frame laterally relative to the pick-up station when the guide frame is in the lowered postion, and actuating a device which allows the pick-up frame to descend in the guide frame.
This ensures that the said pick-up frame can be moved into its lowermost position only when the guide frame, in which the pick-up frame is adapted to move, has assumed a position which predetermines the correct terminal position. If, however, the guide frame for any reason whatsoever, fails to engage correctly with the centering parts, it is impossible for the said pick-up frame to descend to its terminal position, and the load suspended is therefore thus protected from damage.
In one form of the invention, the centering parts may be a centering mandrel, vertically adjustable against the force of a spring, and a centering receiver. Arranged upon the centering mandrel is a switch rod for a part actuating a switch which controls the movement of the pick-up frame in the guide frame. The said switch is connected to a hoist motor and ensures that the pick-up frame is not lowered in the guide frame unless the centering mandrel is correctly positioned in the centering receiv~r. The centering mandrel and the switch rod are held in the ready position by means of a spring. The centering mandrel is guided displaceably in relation to the switch rod in a centering tube, against the force of a spring. Moreo~er, secured to the said switch rod is a sliding ring with a sliding guide for a double-ended sliding lever. Mounted at the end of the said . .i--~. - . ~
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8~535 lever remote from the sliding guide is a switch-roller co-operating with a switc~-stop on the guide column in the direction in which the centering mandrel is raised. The sliding lever raises the centering mandrel as soon as the guide frame reaches the upper terminal pssition. This ensures that the mandrel does not present problems by proiecting beyond the profile of the crane carriage when the latter is in motion.
The sliding lever, and the parts co-operating therewith, may also be otherwise designed.
10In the preferred form, the guide frame is provided at one lateral end with centering parts and is adapted to be placed upon a support on the side opposite the said centering parts.
This support may be a roof-shaped part for a matching abutment secured to a transverse beam on the ^guide frame, the said roo- -shaped support also serving as a centering means for the side of the guide frame facing the centering mandrel in the direction of travel of the carriage.
The guide frame is adapted to be placed upon vertically adjustable support points which permit accurate alignments of the guide frame for setting down the load.
one of the support points is provided with an actuating means~ displaceable against the force of a switch-spring, for a switch which alsa reports to the hoist motor when the guide frame has been set down correctly upon the support points, and which allows the pick-up frame to be lowered only when a report is received, from this side of the rame al80, to the effect that the said frame has been correctly set down.
Preferably, the pick-up frame runs in the guide frame on guide rollers and rails at the bottom o which are located 83S3~5 recesses for the release of the guide rollers. In the same way, the guide frame runs in the carriage guide frames by means of rollers arranged one above the other and running on rails, the said rails having recesses at the bottom for the release of the said rollers, and being used to provide guidance during raising and lowering. The said recesses raise this guide when the lowering operation comes to an end, allowing the parts to tilt freely in relation to each other, when the centering means described above enter the relevant parts and the roof-shaped support.
In the case of a load consisting of a plurality of plates suspended for transportation vertically and parallel with each other, one of the plates, ~or instance the cathode plate of a zinc-recovering unit, is arranged upon a spacing gripper-device on the pick-up frame. m e gripper device is in the form of downwardly directed combs adapted to swing in and out and - located on the two sides o~ the pick-up frame upon which the vertical lateral edges o~ the plate~ lie. The ends o~ the combs are each connected, through a multi-articulated drive, to the pick-up frame in such a manner that when the plates pivot upwardly, the combæ release. In the upwardly-pivoted position they do not interfere when the cathode plates are inserted into narrow electrolysis tanks.
Another gripper device i5 in the form of gripper rails which move so as to clamp and expand, and have downwardly- -directed gripping loops. ~he ends of these rails are hinged b~ means o~ rods to double-ended levers which are connected in turn, through a common shaft, to a motor.
According to another preferred feature of the invention, the pick-up frame may be provided with a longitudinal-displacement . . . . . .
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device in the form of a spindle motor for ~he gripper devices.
This device shifts the gripper devices, after the cathode plates have been set down and released, by the distance of one cathode, so that ~hose cathode plates a~ the side of the plates just inserted can be picked up.
According to still another preferred feature, the pick-up frame is suspen~ed from two pairs of cables which are guided over deflecting rollers by a cable drum driven by a hoist motor. one of the pairs of cable is connected~to the pick-up frame by means of a rocker and thus allows statically-determined placing of the pick-up frame upon its support. The cables pass through the guide frame. Arranged between the pidk-up and guide frames are shock-absorbers whi~h ensure that the guide frame is raised smoothly when it is lifted with the pick-up frame.
one of the said deflecting rollers is mounted upon the crane carriage with an interposed overload -protection deviceO
This switches off the hoist motor in the event of excessive hoisting forces, for example if the material being lifted becomes jammed or if parts of ~he carriage become caught in the steel structure of the shop. Also provided is a slack-cable indicator which detects unpredicted han~-ups of the pick-up frame during its descent~ and immediately switches the hoist motor off to prevent further slackness in the cable.
The capacity of the crane unit may be increased by the provision of two carriages each having a pick-up frame, the said carriages being hinged together by means of distance-rods and bolts. This hinged connection makes it possible for one carriage to lead the other. The said carriages travel, with the pi~k-up ~rame, in the area above the electrolysis baths, on .138~3~3~
branch tracks on which are arranged switch-actuating lugs ~or initiators secured to the carriage~. These initiators and actuating lugs switch of the motors driving the carriages as soon as they arrive above predetermined baths.
The carriage frame equipped with guide columns may be connected, by means of a turntable, with the longitudinal members of the carriage running on wheels on the crane tracks and branch tracks.
The turntable makes it possible to rotate the cathode plates into the correct position for insertion into the electrolysis baths and strippers, and to turn the said plates through 180 before inserting them into the baths, depending upon the bath and the circuit.
The position of the cathode plates in the electrolysis baths is governed by the design of the cathode heads and the circuit in the electrolyte.
When the crane unit is used to ~ervice electrolysis baths, insulators are arranged between the individual components, i.e. between:
a) the support points at the baths, the centering means and the transverse beams;
b) the pick-up frame, the stationary point of the cables, and the rocker:
c) the hoist motor with its cable drum, the deflecting rollers and the guide columns, on the one hand, and the carriage frame on the other hand.
An exemplary embodiment of the invention is explained hereinafter in greater detail, and i5 illustrated in the 8~535 drawings attached hereto, wherein:
Fig. 1 is a plan view of a portion of a zinc~
~lectrolyzing installation with a crane unit arranged thereabove;
Fig. 2 is a section along the line II-II in Fig. l;
Fig. 3 is a section along the line III~II in Fig. 2:
Fig. 4 shows one of the carriages in Fig. 3 to an enlarged scale;
Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the carriage in Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 is a view from X in Fig. 4 to an enlarged scale:
Fig. 7 is a view from Y in FigO 4 to an e~larged scale, but with the centering mandrel retractedt Fig. 8 shows the centering means in Fig. 7 to an enlarged scale, but with the centering mandrel in its lower terminal position:
Fig. 9 is a plan view of a load-pick-up frame;
Fig. 10 is a section along the line X-X in Fig. 9.
Fig. 1 shows a crane unit for transporting cathode plates between electrolysis baths 3 and strippers 4. The complete installation comprises 30 rows each having ~ourteen baths 3 and two strippers 4. In a~ installation o~ this size, the crane unit covers an area of about 150 m in length and about 30 m in width. Crane beams 8 of crane 7 running in front of baths 3 on a crane track 5 are parallel with branch tracks 6 which run over the rows of baths 3 and may be locked thereto.
The installation has two cranes 7 and ~our carriages 9, each ~wo connected to~e~her by distance rods 10.
Each crane 7, with each double carriage 9/ i~ re~uired to service each double row 9~ baths, ie in spite o~ di~erent ~.~83~35 positiona~ tolerances in a total of 420 baths, the cran~ unit is desiqned that cathode plates can be correctly removed from, or inserted into, each double row of baths with each double carriage 9.
According to Fig. 2, wheels 13 are mounted on longitudinal girdexs 12 of carriage 9, whereby the said carriage, driven by tractor 27 can travel on girders 8 of crane 7 or on branch tracks 6. Girders 12 carry~ on a turntable 14, a carriage frame 15 havin~ vertical guide columns 16. ~s shown in Fig. 5, these columns have guide rails 17, with discontinuities 18, on which a guide frame 28 runs on rollers 29. Turntable 14 allows cathode plates 1 to be rotated into the correct position for insertion into the baths 3 or strippers 4. The said turntable also allows the said plates to be rotated through 180 before being inserted into the baths, depending upon the bath and the circuit. The position of cathode plates 1 in baths 3 is predetermined by the design of cathode plates 2, shown in Fig. 5 7 :-and of the circuit In the electrolyte.
Special requirements obtain with respect to electrical safety. The circuit used to d~Ive carriages 9 is separated from current-carrying baths 3 by two insulator planes. On the one hand, deflecting rollers 22~ hoist motor 19, and the cables 21 are completely insulated from the upper part of carriage 9 by ~nsulators 70 shown in Figs. 4 to 8. On the other handy rollers 29 and guide frame 28 are insulated from p~ck-up frame 53 by insulators 70. The lower part~ of guide frame 28 are also insulated from baths 3 by insulators 70.
Fig. 3 shows two carriages 9 united in the form of a parallelogram by means of distance rods 10 and bolts 11. ~he -- 8 -- ~
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~S3~35 two carriages, located on one o~ cranes 7, travel xespec~ively on two adjacent branch tracks 6, each of the interconnected aarriages being designed to serv~ce one row of baths 3. The hinged connection allows each carriage to assume a 50 mm mechanical lead over the other. This arrangement compensates, to a certain extent, in conjunction with a positioning control, ~or the tolerances between the baths, and the restriction to 50 mm ensures that the width of the carriage track does not alter unduly.
Guide columns 16, on each cæriage frame 15, carry a guide frame 28 which can be set down, with an abubment 35, on a support point 32 andg with two vextically adjustable support points 33, 34, on brackets 73 on bath 3.
According to Figs. 3 and 4, each carriage 9 has a hoist motor l9 with a cable drum 20 whence cables 21 run, over deflecting rollers 22, through guide frame 28, to a load-pick-up frame 53. The left-hand pair of cables runs over a cross member 24, equipped with an overload safety device, to a rocker 23 secured to pick-up frame 53, while the right-hand pair of cables is connected to pick-up frame 53 at a fixed point 71.
The overload safety device switches the hoist motor o~f in the event of excessive hoisting forces, e.g. if the cathode plates jam or parts of the carriage catch in the steël structure of the shop. The said safety device also report a slacX cable if, for any reason, guide ~rame 28, or pick-up frame 53 running therein, becomes jammed unexpectedly on its way down.
m e procedure for centering carriages 9 over the baths, described hereinafter, is al o used in locating cathode plates 1 over the input magazines on strippers 4.
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~8~535 Fig. 4 also shows a positioning control which comes into effect when a carriage 9 arrives over a bath 3 into which a cathode plate 1 is to be inserted, or from which it is to be removed. The said control has a plurality of initiators 25, arranged on one of the carriage girders 12, for the provision of information, the said initiators cooperating with switch-actuating lugs 26 secured to branch tracks 6, and thus controlling tractor 27.
This initiator control ensures that each carriage 9 is positioned on track 6, above corresponding bath 3, with a , theoretical holding accuracy of ~ 10 mm. This tolerance is often exceeded in practice in the case of electrolysis baths, for instance if subsidences or bending produce~ changes in the branch tracks which prevent accurate vertical lowering of pick-up frame 53.
As shown in Fig. 5, guide frame 28 runs on roller~ 29, on rails 17 fitted to guide column 16 on carxiage frame 15.
When pick-up frame 53 is lowered, guide frame 28, which rests thereon, is also lowered. Shortly before the lower terminal position is reached9 and when a centering mandrel 30a on guide frame 28 is in guiding contact with a centering receiver 31 arranged on bath 3, rollers 29 arrive in the vicinity of discontinuities 18 in guide rails 17. In the event o* any inaccuracies in the design of the shop and/or in the positional tolerances of the baths, this allows guide frame 28 to be set down, without the use of force, with millimetre accuracy, and also permits precision positioning o~ pick-up frame 53 above the desired bath. As shown in Fig. 8, centering mandrel 30a enters centering receiver 31. As shown in Fig. 6, abutment 35 descends onto a roof-shaped support point 32 arranged on the side of the bath opposite to centering receiver 31. Support point 32 constitutes a centering device on this side of guide frame 28 which extends in the dixection of travel of carriage 9.
Insulators 70 are arranged between abutments 35 and transverse member 28b between columns 28a on guide ~rame 28.
Columns 28a have chambers 41 which facilitate the entry of pick-up fr~me 53, from below, into guide frame 28, during assembly or subsequent repair.
Supports points 33, 34, arranged in Fig. 7 at the side of centering receiver 31, have adjusting nuts 40 for accurate vertical adjustment. Previously mentioned rocker 23 permits statically determined lowering of guide frame 28 onto the three-point support.
Support point 33, shown in Figs. 7 and 8, is located upon a supporting bracket 73 and comprises a switching device ;
having a switch shaft 36, a switch-spring 37, and a means 38 for actuating a switch 39 which reports the correct placement of guide frame 28 upon the support points, to the control unit of the hoist motor, and initiates the lowering of pick-up frame 53 into guide frame 28.
When guide frame 28 is set down in guide column 16 of carriage 8, sliding connection 42, shown in Figs. 7 and 8, comes into action and shifts centering mandrel 30a, with the aid of spring 45, downwardly from its neutral position into its operative position. Sliding connection 42 comprises a lever 43 which, in its operative position, secures centering mandrel 30a positively, by means of a sliding ring 44, aga~nst displacement in an upward direction, in order to prevent any unexpected vertical force, greater than the force of spring 45, from forcing ~ 8353~
mandrel 30a upwardly in a manner not provided for in its normal functioning, for example as a result of improper setting down, forcible bending, or corrosion of parts due to lack of lubrication.
Centering rnandrel 30a is also equipped with a control device which reports unscheduled vertical forces acting upon the automatic equipment. Excessive vertical force moves centering mandrel 30a, with its shaft 30b, against the force of switch spring 47, in centering tube 72, thus actuating switch 50 through rod 48 extending to switching part 49.
When guide frame 28 is raised, a roller 51 on lever 43 strikes a switch-stop 52 secured to guide column 16, thus returning mandrel 30a to its neutral position. This ensures that the said mandrel does not project downwardly from the profile of carriage 9 and thus strike obstacles inadvertently.
All of the foregoing arrangements serve to ensure that guide frame 28 is lowered correctly onto the relevant supports points 32, 33, 34 for a given bath 3. Insulators 70 are also æranged between support points 33, 34 and transverse member 28b located between columns 28a on guide frame 28.
When pick~up frame 53 is lowered, guide frame 28 is correctly positioned over the bath and provides precision centering for the insertion of cathode plates 1 in the said bath. In the example described hereina~ter, carriage 9 brings along a set of cathode plates 1, places them in one of the baths and takes all of the cathode plates adjacent the said inserted plates 1 to stripper 4. Only each second cathode plate 1 must be removed from the bath~ since otherwise a short-circuit is produced.
83~35 During transportation by the crane, ca~hode plates 1 are spaced accurately apart by means of mul~i-articulated drives 54 shown in Fig. 5 arranged laterally on pick-up frame 53, the said drives having two combs 55. These combs remain in the holding position until the bottom edges of the cathode plates are engaged between the cathode plates in the bath and the anodes. Drives 54 then raise combs 55 into the position shown in dotted lines and pick-up ~rame 53 is lowered still further, Nhen it has almos~ reached its teminal position, cathode heads 2 have to be engaged in busbars 56. To this end, pick-up frame 53 is guided in frame 28 until cathode heads 2 are about 1 cm above the corresponding precision-cen~ering means 57 on bath 3. Guide rollers 60 on pick-up frame 53 move into recesses 58 out of contact with guide rails 59 on frame 28, and cathode heads 2 are thus introduced into precision-centering means 57 in busbars 56, as shown in Fig. 4, and are thus conn~cted~to the electrolyzing circuit, whereupon pick up ~rame 53 releases itself from cathode heads 2.
Fig. 9 is a plan view of pick-up frame 53. For the purpose of releasing the load, held by the frame, a motor 66 rotates a shaft 63, causing gripper rails 61 to expand and release ~he set down cathode plates, the said expansion being achieved by means of double-ended lever 64 and rods 65 shown in Fig~ 10. A spindle motor 67 then moves the gripper rails in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the bath until they are able to seize all cathode plates 1 adjacent those just inserted.
Gripping loops 62 are secured to gripper rail~ 61, as shown in Fig. 4, in order to ensu~e a correct pick-up when gripper rails 61 close.
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As soon as cathode plates 1 have been raised ~ar enough out of bath 3, multi~articulated drives 54 move combs 24 towards cathode plates 1 and position them. Each drive 54 is controlled by a slipping clutch, not shown, in such a manner that, although the edges of cathode plates l are guided, they are not crushed. Further raising causes pick-up frame 53 to carry guide frame 28, by means of shock-absorbers 68 shown in Fig. 4, into the uppermost position~ Carriage 9 then travels on branch track 6 to girder 8 of crane 7 which moves ~he said carriage, with cathode plates 1, to strippers 4.
A description has been given of the way in w~ich a carriage inserts a batch of cathode plates 1 into an electrolysis bath 3 and takes the adjacent batch plates to the strippers. It is also possible, however, for the carriage to arrive empty, to remove the "left" or rright" -hand cathode plates selectively from a bath, in which all of the cathode plat~s are located, and to take them to ~he strippers. The carriage may also arrive with a batch of cathode plates, insert them into one of the baths, and then pro~eed empty to an adjacent bath in order to remove a batch of cathodes therefrom.
Since if a bath is completely emptied, a short circuit is produced, carriage 9 is equipped with a cathode position sensor. Using the principle o the switch described under 36 to 38, this reports when there are no cathode plates in the bath other than those seized.
The mechanical equipment of the crane unit maXes it possible, even in the case of a large number of baths with different positional tolerances, to mechanize, by remote control, the centering, removal and insertion of cathode plates, and thus to automate the entire operation.
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8~535 lever remote from the sliding guide is a switch-roller co-operating with a switc~-stop on the guide column in the direction in which the centering mandrel is raised. The sliding lever raises the centering mandrel as soon as the guide frame reaches the upper terminal pssition. This ensures that the mandrel does not present problems by proiecting beyond the profile of the crane carriage when the latter is in motion.
The sliding lever, and the parts co-operating therewith, may also be otherwise designed.
10In the preferred form, the guide frame is provided at one lateral end with centering parts and is adapted to be placed upon a support on the side opposite the said centering parts.
This support may be a roof-shaped part for a matching abutment secured to a transverse beam on the ^guide frame, the said roo- -shaped support also serving as a centering means for the side of the guide frame facing the centering mandrel in the direction of travel of the carriage.
The guide frame is adapted to be placed upon vertically adjustable support points which permit accurate alignments of the guide frame for setting down the load.
one of the support points is provided with an actuating means~ displaceable against the force of a switch-spring, for a switch which alsa reports to the hoist motor when the guide frame has been set down correctly upon the support points, and which allows the pick-up frame to be lowered only when a report is received, from this side of the rame al80, to the effect that the said frame has been correctly set down.
Preferably, the pick-up frame runs in the guide frame on guide rollers and rails at the bottom o which are located 83S3~5 recesses for the release of the guide rollers. In the same way, the guide frame runs in the carriage guide frames by means of rollers arranged one above the other and running on rails, the said rails having recesses at the bottom for the release of the said rollers, and being used to provide guidance during raising and lowering. The said recesses raise this guide when the lowering operation comes to an end, allowing the parts to tilt freely in relation to each other, when the centering means described above enter the relevant parts and the roof-shaped support.
In the case of a load consisting of a plurality of plates suspended for transportation vertically and parallel with each other, one of the plates, ~or instance the cathode plate of a zinc-recovering unit, is arranged upon a spacing gripper-device on the pick-up frame. m e gripper device is in the form of downwardly directed combs adapted to swing in and out and - located on the two sides o~ the pick-up frame upon which the vertical lateral edges o~ the plate~ lie. The ends o~ the combs are each connected, through a multi-articulated drive, to the pick-up frame in such a manner that when the plates pivot upwardly, the combæ release. In the upwardly-pivoted position they do not interfere when the cathode plates are inserted into narrow electrolysis tanks.
Another gripper device i5 in the form of gripper rails which move so as to clamp and expand, and have downwardly- -directed gripping loops. ~he ends of these rails are hinged b~ means o~ rods to double-ended levers which are connected in turn, through a common shaft, to a motor.
According to another preferred feature of the invention, the pick-up frame may be provided with a longitudinal-displacement . . . . . .
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device in the form of a spindle motor for ~he gripper devices.
This device shifts the gripper devices, after the cathode plates have been set down and released, by the distance of one cathode, so that ~hose cathode plates a~ the side of the plates just inserted can be picked up.
According to still another preferred feature, the pick-up frame is suspen~ed from two pairs of cables which are guided over deflecting rollers by a cable drum driven by a hoist motor. one of the pairs of cable is connected~to the pick-up frame by means of a rocker and thus allows statically-determined placing of the pick-up frame upon its support. The cables pass through the guide frame. Arranged between the pidk-up and guide frames are shock-absorbers whi~h ensure that the guide frame is raised smoothly when it is lifted with the pick-up frame.
one of the said deflecting rollers is mounted upon the crane carriage with an interposed overload -protection deviceO
This switches off the hoist motor in the event of excessive hoisting forces, for example if the material being lifted becomes jammed or if parts of ~he carriage become caught in the steel structure of the shop. Also provided is a slack-cable indicator which detects unpredicted han~-ups of the pick-up frame during its descent~ and immediately switches the hoist motor off to prevent further slackness in the cable.
The capacity of the crane unit may be increased by the provision of two carriages each having a pick-up frame, the said carriages being hinged together by means of distance-rods and bolts. This hinged connection makes it possible for one carriage to lead the other. The said carriages travel, with the pi~k-up ~rame, in the area above the electrolysis baths, on .138~3~3~
branch tracks on which are arranged switch-actuating lugs ~or initiators secured to the carriage~. These initiators and actuating lugs switch of the motors driving the carriages as soon as they arrive above predetermined baths.
The carriage frame equipped with guide columns may be connected, by means of a turntable, with the longitudinal members of the carriage running on wheels on the crane tracks and branch tracks.
The turntable makes it possible to rotate the cathode plates into the correct position for insertion into the electrolysis baths and strippers, and to turn the said plates through 180 before inserting them into the baths, depending upon the bath and the circuit.
The position of the cathode plates in the electrolysis baths is governed by the design of the cathode heads and the circuit in the electrolyte.
When the crane unit is used to ~ervice electrolysis baths, insulators are arranged between the individual components, i.e. between:
a) the support points at the baths, the centering means and the transverse beams;
b) the pick-up frame, the stationary point of the cables, and the rocker:
c) the hoist motor with its cable drum, the deflecting rollers and the guide columns, on the one hand, and the carriage frame on the other hand.
An exemplary embodiment of the invention is explained hereinafter in greater detail, and i5 illustrated in the 8~535 drawings attached hereto, wherein:
Fig. 1 is a plan view of a portion of a zinc~
~lectrolyzing installation with a crane unit arranged thereabove;
Fig. 2 is a section along the line II-II in Fig. l;
Fig. 3 is a section along the line III~II in Fig. 2:
Fig. 4 shows one of the carriages in Fig. 3 to an enlarged scale;
Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the carriage in Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 is a view from X in Fig. 4 to an enlarged scale:
Fig. 7 is a view from Y in FigO 4 to an e~larged scale, but with the centering mandrel retractedt Fig. 8 shows the centering means in Fig. 7 to an enlarged scale, but with the centering mandrel in its lower terminal position:
Fig. 9 is a plan view of a load-pick-up frame;
Fig. 10 is a section along the line X-X in Fig. 9.
Fig. 1 shows a crane unit for transporting cathode plates between electrolysis baths 3 and strippers 4. The complete installation comprises 30 rows each having ~ourteen baths 3 and two strippers 4. In a~ installation o~ this size, the crane unit covers an area of about 150 m in length and about 30 m in width. Crane beams 8 of crane 7 running in front of baths 3 on a crane track 5 are parallel with branch tracks 6 which run over the rows of baths 3 and may be locked thereto.
The installation has two cranes 7 and ~our carriages 9, each ~wo connected to~e~her by distance rods 10.
Each crane 7, with each double carriage 9/ i~ re~uired to service each double row 9~ baths, ie in spite o~ di~erent ~.~83~35 positiona~ tolerances in a total of 420 baths, the cran~ unit is desiqned that cathode plates can be correctly removed from, or inserted into, each double row of baths with each double carriage 9.
According to Fig. 2, wheels 13 are mounted on longitudinal girdexs 12 of carriage 9, whereby the said carriage, driven by tractor 27 can travel on girders 8 of crane 7 or on branch tracks 6. Girders 12 carry~ on a turntable 14, a carriage frame 15 havin~ vertical guide columns 16. ~s shown in Fig. 5, these columns have guide rails 17, with discontinuities 18, on which a guide frame 28 runs on rollers 29. Turntable 14 allows cathode plates 1 to be rotated into the correct position for insertion into the baths 3 or strippers 4. The said turntable also allows the said plates to be rotated through 180 before being inserted into the baths, depending upon the bath and the circuit. The position of cathode plates 1 in baths 3 is predetermined by the design of cathode plates 2, shown in Fig. 5 7 :-and of the circuit In the electrolyte.
Special requirements obtain with respect to electrical safety. The circuit used to d~Ive carriages 9 is separated from current-carrying baths 3 by two insulator planes. On the one hand, deflecting rollers 22~ hoist motor 19, and the cables 21 are completely insulated from the upper part of carriage 9 by ~nsulators 70 shown in Figs. 4 to 8. On the other handy rollers 29 and guide frame 28 are insulated from p~ck-up frame 53 by insulators 70. The lower part~ of guide frame 28 are also insulated from baths 3 by insulators 70.
Fig. 3 shows two carriages 9 united in the form of a parallelogram by means of distance rods 10 and bolts 11. ~he -- 8 -- ~
~, - .
~S3~35 two carriages, located on one o~ cranes 7, travel xespec~ively on two adjacent branch tracks 6, each of the interconnected aarriages being designed to serv~ce one row of baths 3. The hinged connection allows each carriage to assume a 50 mm mechanical lead over the other. This arrangement compensates, to a certain extent, in conjunction with a positioning control, ~or the tolerances between the baths, and the restriction to 50 mm ensures that the width of the carriage track does not alter unduly.
Guide columns 16, on each cæriage frame 15, carry a guide frame 28 which can be set down, with an abubment 35, on a support point 32 andg with two vextically adjustable support points 33, 34, on brackets 73 on bath 3.
According to Figs. 3 and 4, each carriage 9 has a hoist motor l9 with a cable drum 20 whence cables 21 run, over deflecting rollers 22, through guide frame 28, to a load-pick-up frame 53. The left-hand pair of cables runs over a cross member 24, equipped with an overload safety device, to a rocker 23 secured to pick-up frame 53, while the right-hand pair of cables is connected to pick-up frame 53 at a fixed point 71.
The overload safety device switches the hoist motor o~f in the event of excessive hoisting forces, e.g. if the cathode plates jam or parts of the carriage catch in the steël structure of the shop. The said safety device also report a slacX cable if, for any reason, guide ~rame 28, or pick-up frame 53 running therein, becomes jammed unexpectedly on its way down.
m e procedure for centering carriages 9 over the baths, described hereinafter, is al o used in locating cathode plates 1 over the input magazines on strippers 4.
~" . .
.
~8~535 Fig. 4 also shows a positioning control which comes into effect when a carriage 9 arrives over a bath 3 into which a cathode plate 1 is to be inserted, or from which it is to be removed. The said control has a plurality of initiators 25, arranged on one of the carriage girders 12, for the provision of information, the said initiators cooperating with switch-actuating lugs 26 secured to branch tracks 6, and thus controlling tractor 27.
This initiator control ensures that each carriage 9 is positioned on track 6, above corresponding bath 3, with a , theoretical holding accuracy of ~ 10 mm. This tolerance is often exceeded in practice in the case of electrolysis baths, for instance if subsidences or bending produce~ changes in the branch tracks which prevent accurate vertical lowering of pick-up frame 53.
As shown in Fig. 5, guide frame 28 runs on roller~ 29, on rails 17 fitted to guide column 16 on carxiage frame 15.
When pick-up frame 53 is lowered, guide frame 28, which rests thereon, is also lowered. Shortly before the lower terminal position is reached9 and when a centering mandrel 30a on guide frame 28 is in guiding contact with a centering receiver 31 arranged on bath 3, rollers 29 arrive in the vicinity of discontinuities 18 in guide rails 17. In the event o* any inaccuracies in the design of the shop and/or in the positional tolerances of the baths, this allows guide frame 28 to be set down, without the use of force, with millimetre accuracy, and also permits precision positioning o~ pick-up frame 53 above the desired bath. As shown in Fig. 8, centering mandrel 30a enters centering receiver 31. As shown in Fig. 6, abutment 35 descends onto a roof-shaped support point 32 arranged on the side of the bath opposite to centering receiver 31. Support point 32 constitutes a centering device on this side of guide frame 28 which extends in the dixection of travel of carriage 9.
Insulators 70 are arranged between abutments 35 and transverse member 28b between columns 28a on guide ~rame 28.
Columns 28a have chambers 41 which facilitate the entry of pick-up fr~me 53, from below, into guide frame 28, during assembly or subsequent repair.
Supports points 33, 34, arranged in Fig. 7 at the side of centering receiver 31, have adjusting nuts 40 for accurate vertical adjustment. Previously mentioned rocker 23 permits statically determined lowering of guide frame 28 onto the three-point support.
Support point 33, shown in Figs. 7 and 8, is located upon a supporting bracket 73 and comprises a switching device ;
having a switch shaft 36, a switch-spring 37, and a means 38 for actuating a switch 39 which reports the correct placement of guide frame 28 upon the support points, to the control unit of the hoist motor, and initiates the lowering of pick-up frame 53 into guide frame 28.
When guide frame 28 is set down in guide column 16 of carriage 8, sliding connection 42, shown in Figs. 7 and 8, comes into action and shifts centering mandrel 30a, with the aid of spring 45, downwardly from its neutral position into its operative position. Sliding connection 42 comprises a lever 43 which, in its operative position, secures centering mandrel 30a positively, by means of a sliding ring 44, aga~nst displacement in an upward direction, in order to prevent any unexpected vertical force, greater than the force of spring 45, from forcing ~ 8353~
mandrel 30a upwardly in a manner not provided for in its normal functioning, for example as a result of improper setting down, forcible bending, or corrosion of parts due to lack of lubrication.
Centering rnandrel 30a is also equipped with a control device which reports unscheduled vertical forces acting upon the automatic equipment. Excessive vertical force moves centering mandrel 30a, with its shaft 30b, against the force of switch spring 47, in centering tube 72, thus actuating switch 50 through rod 48 extending to switching part 49.
When guide frame 28 is raised, a roller 51 on lever 43 strikes a switch-stop 52 secured to guide column 16, thus returning mandrel 30a to its neutral position. This ensures that the said mandrel does not project downwardly from the profile of carriage 9 and thus strike obstacles inadvertently.
All of the foregoing arrangements serve to ensure that guide frame 28 is lowered correctly onto the relevant supports points 32, 33, 34 for a given bath 3. Insulators 70 are also æranged between support points 33, 34 and transverse member 28b located between columns 28a on guide frame 28.
When pick~up frame 53 is lowered, guide frame 28 is correctly positioned over the bath and provides precision centering for the insertion of cathode plates 1 in the said bath. In the example described hereina~ter, carriage 9 brings along a set of cathode plates 1, places them in one of the baths and takes all of the cathode plates adjacent the said inserted plates 1 to stripper 4. Only each second cathode plate 1 must be removed from the bath~ since otherwise a short-circuit is produced.
83~35 During transportation by the crane, ca~hode plates 1 are spaced accurately apart by means of mul~i-articulated drives 54 shown in Fig. 5 arranged laterally on pick-up frame 53, the said drives having two combs 55. These combs remain in the holding position until the bottom edges of the cathode plates are engaged between the cathode plates in the bath and the anodes. Drives 54 then raise combs 55 into the position shown in dotted lines and pick-up ~rame 53 is lowered still further, Nhen it has almos~ reached its teminal position, cathode heads 2 have to be engaged in busbars 56. To this end, pick-up frame 53 is guided in frame 28 until cathode heads 2 are about 1 cm above the corresponding precision-cen~ering means 57 on bath 3. Guide rollers 60 on pick-up frame 53 move into recesses 58 out of contact with guide rails 59 on frame 28, and cathode heads 2 are thus introduced into precision-centering means 57 in busbars 56, as shown in Fig. 4, and are thus conn~cted~to the electrolyzing circuit, whereupon pick up ~rame 53 releases itself from cathode heads 2.
Fig. 9 is a plan view of pick-up frame 53. For the purpose of releasing the load, held by the frame, a motor 66 rotates a shaft 63, causing gripper rails 61 to expand and release ~he set down cathode plates, the said expansion being achieved by means of double-ended lever 64 and rods 65 shown in Fig~ 10. A spindle motor 67 then moves the gripper rails in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the bath until they are able to seize all cathode plates 1 adjacent those just inserted.
Gripping loops 62 are secured to gripper rail~ 61, as shown in Fig. 4, in order to ensu~e a correct pick-up when gripper rails 61 close.
: . , ,,, ; . ....................................... .
- .....
As soon as cathode plates 1 have been raised ~ar enough out of bath 3, multi~articulated drives 54 move combs 24 towards cathode plates 1 and position them. Each drive 54 is controlled by a slipping clutch, not shown, in such a manner that, although the edges of cathode plates l are guided, they are not crushed. Further raising causes pick-up frame 53 to carry guide frame 28, by means of shock-absorbers 68 shown in Fig. 4, into the uppermost position~ Carriage 9 then travels on branch track 6 to girder 8 of crane 7 which moves ~he said carriage, with cathode plates 1, to strippers 4.
A description has been given of the way in w~ich a carriage inserts a batch of cathode plates 1 into an electrolysis bath 3 and takes the adjacent batch plates to the strippers. It is also possible, however, for the carriage to arrive empty, to remove the "left" or rright" -hand cathode plates selectively from a bath, in which all of the cathode plat~s are located, and to take them to ~he strippers. The carriage may also arrive with a batch of cathode plates, insert them into one of the baths, and then pro~eed empty to an adjacent bath in order to remove a batch of cathodes therefrom.
Since if a bath is completely emptied, a short circuit is produced, carriage 9 is equipped with a cathode position sensor. Using the principle o the switch described under 36 to 38, this reports when there are no cathode plates in the bath other than those seized.
The mechanical equipment of the crane unit maXes it possible, even in the case of a large number of baths with different positional tolerances, to mechanize, by remote control, the centering, removal and insertion of cathode plates, and thus to automate the entire operation.
- . - - . ~ . - .: . . . . ............................. ..
. . .
Claims (29)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A crane unit comprising a carriage having downwardly-directed guide columns on which a guide frame is adapted to travel vertically, a load-pick-up frame adapted to move vertically in the said guide frame, and means for accurate alignment of the pick-up frame with stationary pick-up stations comprising co-operating centering parts arranged upon the guide frame and the pick-up stations, respectively, the said centering parts entering into engagement and serving to guide the guide frame laterally relative to the pick-up station when the guide frame is in the lowered position, and actuating a device which allows the pick-up frame to descend in the guide frame.
2. A crane unit according to claim 1, in which the centering parts comprise a centering mandrel on the guide frame adapted to move vertically against the force of a spring acting between the mandrel and the guide frame and a centering receiver for receiving the mandrel.
3. A crane unit according to claim 2, in which there is included a switch-rod cooperating with the centering mandrel and actuating a switch which releases the pick-up frame and allows it to move in the guide frame, when the centering mandrel enters the receiver.
4. A crane unit according to claim 3, in which the switch is connected to a hoist motor for the pick-up frame.
5. A crane unit according to claim 3, in which the centering mandrel and switch-rod are movable in a tube, against the force of a spring acting between the mandrel and the tube.
6. A crane unit according to claim 5, including a sliding ring secured to the switch rod and cooperating with one end of a lever pivoting on the guide frame, the other end of the lever being adapted to cooperate with a stop on the guide column so that the centering mandrel is raised when the guide frame is raised relative to the guide column.
7. A crane unit according to claim 1, in which one lateral end of the guide frame is provided with said centering parts, the said frame being adapted to be set down, on the side opposite the said centering parts, upon a support.
8. A crane unit according to claim 7, in which the support is in the form of a roof-shaped component for an abutment which is shaped to fit the said support and is secured to a transverse member of the guide frame.
9. A crane unit according to claim 1 in which the guide frame is adapted to be set down upon support points which are adjustable in height.
10. A crane unit according to claim 9, in which one of the support points is provided with an actuating means for a switch, the said actuation means being displaceable against the force of a switch-spring.
11. A crane unit according to claim 1, in which the pick-up frame is guided in the guide frame by means of rollers running on guide rails, the ends of the said rails being provided with recesses for the release of the said rollers.
12. A crane unit according to claim 1, in which the guide frame is guided in the guide columns on the carriage by means of rollers, arranged one above the other, on guide rails, the ends of the said rails having discontinuities for the release of rollers.
13. A crane unit according to claim 1, in which the load to be transported is in the form of a plurality of flat plates suspended vertically and parallel with each other, and a gripper device which holds the plates spaced apart is arranged upon the pick-up frame.
14. A crane unit according to claim 13, in which the gripper device consists of combs which are directed downwardly, and are adapted to swing in and out, and are located on the two sides of the pick-up frame against which the lateral, vertical edges of the plates lie.
15. A crane unit according to claim 14, in which each of the combs is connected to the pick-up frame by a multi-articulated drive.
16. A crane unit according to claim 13, including an additional gripper device in the form of gripper rails adapted to move with a clamping and expanding action and fitted with gripping loops.
17. A crane unit according to claim 16, in which the gripper rails are hinged by means of rods to levers connected to a motor through a common shaft.
18. A crane unit according to claim 13 in which a longitudinal-displacement device for the gripper devices is located on the pick-up frame.
19. A crane unit according to claim 18, in which the longitudinal-displacement device is in the form of a spindle motor.
20. A crane unit according to claim 1, in which the pick-up frame is suspended from two pairs of cables guided by a cable drum, with a hoist motor over deflecting rollers, one of the said pairs of cables being connected to the pick-up frame through a rocker.
21. A crane unit according to claim 20, in which the cables are guided through the guide frame.
22. A crane unit according to claim 1, in which shock-absorbers are arranged between the pick-up frame and the guide frame.
23. A crane unit according to claim 20, in which one of the deflecting rollers is mounted, with an intervening overload safety device, upon the carriage.
24. A crane unit according to claim 20 including a slack-cable indicator.
25. A crane unit according to claim 1, in which two carriages, each provided with a pick-up frame, are hinged together by means of distance rods and bolts.
26. A crane unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the carriage, with the pick-up frame, travels over electrolysis baths on branch tracks upon which switch actuating lugs are arranged for initiators that are secured to the carriages.
27. A crane unit according to claim 1, in which the frame of the carriage is provided with the guide columns, and is connected, through a turntable, with longitudinal girders of the said carriage which run on wheels on crane tracks and on branch tracks.
28. A crane unit according to claim 1, in which insulators are arranged between individual groups of components.
29. A crane unit according to claim 20, in which insulators are arranged between the centering parts, the guide frame, the pick-up frame, the fixed ends of the cable, the rocker, the hoist motor, the cable drum, the deflecting rollers, and the guide columns, on the one hand, and the frame of the carriage on the other hand.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2722550A DE2722550C2 (en) | 1977-05-18 | 1977-05-18 | Transport device |
| DEP2722550.9-22 | 1977-05-18 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1083535A true CA1083535A (en) | 1980-08-12 |
Family
ID=6009356
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA303,619A Expired CA1083535A (en) | 1977-05-18 | 1978-05-18 | Crane unit |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE867209A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1083535A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2722550C2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2391147A1 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1095810B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE422779B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2610609A1 (en) * | 1987-02-11 | 1988-08-12 | Feralco Sa | Device for handling storage vessels located in a line |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DD64550A (en) * | ||||
| DE1068627B (en) * | ||||
| DE645019C (en) * | 1935-12-12 | 1937-05-20 | Fried Krupp Grusonwerk Akt Ges | Reversible crane |
| US2245673A (en) * | 1939-12-02 | 1941-06-17 | Crown Rheostat & Supply Co | Conveyer mechanism |
| US2421209A (en) * | 1942-01-30 | 1947-05-27 | American Smelting Refining | Electrolytic refining of metals |
| DE934123C (en) * | 1953-03-10 | 1955-10-13 | Demag Zug Gmbh | Overload protection device for double or multi-line electric pulley blocks |
| DE1205011B (en) * | 1960-01-22 | 1965-11-11 | Friedrich August Wanschka | Control device for the conveyor system of a processing line |
| DE1257674B (en) * | 1961-09-29 | 1967-12-28 | Almco Supersheen Division Of G | Transport device for treatment baths |
| US3307720A (en) * | 1964-06-10 | 1967-03-07 | Udylite Corp | Conveying apparatus incorporating rotary transfer mechanism |
| US3338437A (en) * | 1965-03-31 | 1967-08-29 | Udylite Corp | Control system for conveying apparatus |
| US3562131A (en) * | 1968-03-21 | 1971-02-09 | Bunker Hill Co | Cathode handling equipment |
| US3545628A (en) * | 1968-10-24 | 1970-12-08 | Harnischfeger Corp | Crane with turntable locking means |
| US3789998A (en) * | 1972-01-17 | 1974-02-05 | Midland Ross Corp | Hoisting equipment including spreader with longitudinal and transverse tilting mechanism |
-
1977
- 1977-05-18 DE DE2722550A patent/DE2722550C2/en not_active Expired
-
1978
- 1978-05-15 IT IT23428/78A patent/IT1095810B/en active
- 1978-05-16 SE SE7805581A patent/SE422779B/en unknown
- 1978-05-18 BE BE187807A patent/BE867209A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-05-18 CA CA303,619A patent/CA1083535A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-05-18 FR FR7814802A patent/FR2391147A1/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE867209A (en) | 1978-09-18 |
| DE2722550C2 (en) | 1982-10-28 |
| IT7823428A0 (en) | 1978-05-15 |
| IT1095810B (en) | 1985-08-17 |
| FR2391147A1 (en) | 1978-12-15 |
| SE7805581L (en) | 1978-11-19 |
| FR2391147B3 (en) | 1980-12-19 |
| DE2722550A1 (en) | 1978-11-23 |
| SE422779B (en) | 1982-03-29 |
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| MKEX | Expiry |