CA1066116A - Process for the treatment of leafy green plants, such as alfalfa, for the recovery of proteins and the reduction of heating requirements during dehydration - Google Patents
Process for the treatment of leafy green plants, such as alfalfa, for the recovery of proteins and the reduction of heating requirements during dehydrationInfo
- Publication number
- CA1066116A CA1066116A CA238,882A CA238882A CA1066116A CA 1066116 A CA1066116 A CA 1066116A CA 238882 A CA238882 A CA 238882A CA 1066116 A CA1066116 A CA 1066116A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- serum
- matter
- alfalfa
- leafy
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
- A23J1/00—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites
- A23J1/006—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites from vegetable materials
- A23J1/007—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites from vegetable materials from leafy vegetables, e.g. alfalfa, clover, grass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K30/10—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder
- A23K30/12—Dehydration
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF DISCLOSURE
Solid animal feed material is obtained from green leafy vegetable matter (preferably alfalfa) with low consumption of heat by a cyclic process by mixing a first quantity of said vegetable matter with a predetermined quantity of recycled juice or "serun" obtained from a previous batch of said vegetable matter (the temperature of said juice being above the flocculation temperature of the protein therein and the amount of said juice being sufficient to form an ambient medium about said leafy matter and to raise the temperature of the leaves above the flocculation point of the protein therein) until said leafy matter has become macerated; separating the juice from said vegetable matter thereby forming a cake of vegetablo fibrous materials drying said cake; recycling a part of said juice (reheated if necessary to raise temperature of the juice to the previously stated level) to start a second cycle of the process, and concentrating the remainder of the juice to syrup viscosity. The process can be performed in a continuous matter.
Solid animal feed material is obtained from green leafy vegetable matter (preferably alfalfa) with low consumption of heat by a cyclic process by mixing a first quantity of said vegetable matter with a predetermined quantity of recycled juice or "serun" obtained from a previous batch of said vegetable matter (the temperature of said juice being above the flocculation temperature of the protein therein and the amount of said juice being sufficient to form an ambient medium about said leafy matter and to raise the temperature of the leaves above the flocculation point of the protein therein) until said leafy matter has become macerated; separating the juice from said vegetable matter thereby forming a cake of vegetablo fibrous materials drying said cake; recycling a part of said juice (reheated if necessary to raise temperature of the juice to the previously stated level) to start a second cycle of the process, and concentrating the remainder of the juice to syrup viscosity. The process can be performed in a continuous matter.
Description
10661~6 The invention relates to the treatment of green leafy plants, such as alfalfa, in order to realize an economy of heat during dehydration on the one hand, and to recover the proteins contained in the press juices on the other.
It is known that leafy green plants, used for animal feeding can be subjected to a dehydration and conditioning treatment making it possible to obtain a feed material in the form of cylindrical granules or pellets which are easier to conserve and transport and which possess predetermined characteristics. In this respect, alfalfa is a vegetable matter particularly suited to animal feeding in its dehydrated form.
Processes are also known permitting the recovery of proteins from plants, such as alfalfa, by physicochemical treatments of the juice obtained by the pressing of crude vegetable matter.
It is very important to reduce as much as possible the consumption of heat necessary for the dehydration.
Present day dehydration processes, for alfalfa for instance, consume large amounts of fuel, such as fuel oil, which is a costly raw material.
It has now been found that pressing vegetable matter makes it possible to extract a juice and obtain a pressed vegetable cake having a moisture content substantially lower than the initial moisture content of the raw material.
Under these conditions, dehydration of the cake becomes possible under thermal conditions which are particularly advantageous from the economical standpoint. In another connection, the press juice from the pressing more often than not has a high protein content the possible loss of which cannot be discounted. It is therefore desirable to recover the proteins contained in said juice by any suitable technical means.
It is known that leafy green plants, used for animal feeding can be subjected to a dehydration and conditioning treatment making it possible to obtain a feed material in the form of cylindrical granules or pellets which are easier to conserve and transport and which possess predetermined characteristics. In this respect, alfalfa is a vegetable matter particularly suited to animal feeding in its dehydrated form.
Processes are also known permitting the recovery of proteins from plants, such as alfalfa, by physicochemical treatments of the juice obtained by the pressing of crude vegetable matter.
It is very important to reduce as much as possible the consumption of heat necessary for the dehydration.
Present day dehydration processes, for alfalfa for instance, consume large amounts of fuel, such as fuel oil, which is a costly raw material.
It has now been found that pressing vegetable matter makes it possible to extract a juice and obtain a pressed vegetable cake having a moisture content substantially lower than the initial moisture content of the raw material.
Under these conditions, dehydration of the cake becomes possible under thermal conditions which are particularly advantageous from the economical standpoint. In another connection, the press juice from the pressing more often than not has a high protein content the possible loss of which cannot be discounted. It is therefore desirable to recover the proteins contained in said juice by any suitable technical means.
- 2 -1066~16 The ob~ect of the invention is, therefore, a process for the treatment of leafy green plants, especially fresh alfalfa, making it possible to simultaneously attain the following objectives:
(1) partial high level extraction of the initial moisture from the raw material.
(2) maximum thermal saving during dehydration of the press cake.
(1) partial high level extraction of the initial moisture from the raw material.
(2) maximum thermal saving during dehydration of the press cake.
(3) an extraction of plant proteins from the press juice, said proteins being utilizable in animal and human nutrition.
The invention therefore relates to a process for the treatment of leafy green vegetable matter, especially fresh alfalfa, comprising the steps of:
(a) treating the crude vegetable matter in wet medium by putting it in intimate contact with a reheated liquid product referred to as serum obtained from the following pressing step (b).
(b) pressing the hot matter obtained in step (a) to the moisture'content desired, which is usually in the range of 40 to 6~% based on the moisture content of the starting material, the said pressing thus providing a partially de-hydrated matter and a liquid product referred to as serum, the said serum being collected and partlally recycled to step (a)., In other words, the present invention provides a cyclic process for treating leafy green vegetable matter to recover separately the insoluble solids and the liquid therein in respectively cake and syrup form, which comprises (1) mixing a first quantity of said leafy matter with a predetermined quantity of reheated previously produced serum of said leafy matter, the quantity of said serum being sufficiently large to provide an ambient liquid medium for said leaves, the ~066~.16 temperature of said serum being sufficiently high to flocculate the protein content of said leafy matter, and the contact time of said leafy matter with said serum being sufficiently long to macerate said leafy matter; (2) separating said serum from said macerated leafy matter thereby forming a cake of said leafy matter and at least one serum effluent; (3) drying said cake; (4) reheating at least a part of said serum effluent to at least said protein flocculation temperature; (5) recycling said reheated serum to a succeeding quantity of said leafy matter at the above-stated temperature and in the above-stated amount thereby starting a second cycle of said process, ~6) concentrating the remaining part of said serum effluent to syrup viscosity; and (7) continuing said process.
According to the invention, the serum obtained from pressing is subjected to reheating permitting its temperature to be raised to a value capable of ensuring flocculation of the protein substances in step (a). By means of this pro-cess, flocculation of the chloroplastic and cytoplasmic proteins is effected inside the plant cells, as well as flocculation of the proteins in the serum obtained from pressing. Furthermore, by means of said preliminary thermal treatment in step (a), the proteins in the juice released by shredding and by the injury to plant tissues are also flocculated, said juice being already mixed in the mass of the cut vegetable matter. Before step (a'), the fresh vegetable matter may be subjected to mechanical disintegration in a dilacerating apparatus (causing tissue tearing) or in an apparatus of the hammer crusher type (causing tissue rupture). Said step is in no way compulsory however, and it may even be preferable and more economical to avoid this practice when putting the invention into effect. In the case of alfalfa, preheating of the serum is calculated to obtain a serum-green alfalfa mixture having a mean homogeneous temperature of 80 to 90C for the entire duration of the treatment of step (a).
For this purpose, the serum collected at the outlet of the press is pumped away and reheated by any known means, in particular by passing it through an exchanger supplied by steam. The serum thus heated to 80C to 100 C is partly recycled to the fresh alfalfa at the input of a suitable mixing apparatus.
Any suitable conveyor-mixer devices will be used capable of ensuring ~,n intimate contact between the fresh vegetable matter and the serum recycled from pressing. A device suited to the requirements of the invention is a double screw conveyor-mixer in which the reheated serum is introduced adjacent to the input of vegetable matter'.
For a serum having a temperature of about 85 C, the residence time of the alfalfa in the mixer is in the range of 5 to 8 minutes. A man skilled in the art will easily determine the parameters of mixing taking into account the peculiarities of the apparatus used and the vegetable matter' treated, in order to obtain at the outlet of the apparatus a matter wherein the serum is distributed in a uniform manner and the temperature between the mass of'matter and the serum is balanced.
In the case of alfalfa, advantageous conditions for the maceration-diffusion step, associated with the flocculation of precipitable proteins within the plant cells are as follows:
-temperature of the serum-fresh alfalfa mixture;
80 to 90 C, preferably 85 to 90 C, -admission of 3 to 6 parts by weight of serum for 1 part by weight fresh alfalfa, -adjustment of the pH to a value of 5 to 6.
-residence time : 5 to 8 minutes.
106:S~16 As has been said above, flocculation of proteins is effected in the conveyor-mixer of step (a). Whereby, the protein coagulum formed în the green juice gives rise to the formation of serum which will subsequently be extracted in the press. For the requirements of the invention, a continuous high efficiency press of the type "WHEEL PRESS", such as those built by the firms "DAVENPORT PRESS" and "RIETZ"*
are used. These presses consist of two wheels the axes of rotation of which are inclined to the horizontal. The two wheels thus form a "V" permitting alfalfa to be supplied to the open portion of the "V" and pressing and extraction of juice in the closed part of the "V". It is also possible to use a high yield continuous screw press, for example, the * *
STORD or SPEICHIM types. At the outlet of the press there is obtained:
- a cake weighing 50% to 40% of the initial weight of the fresh alfalfa used, said cake having a dry matter content (i.e. solids content, dry basis) in the order of 35 to 48%, - a serum weighing about 50% to 60% of the initial weight of the fresh alfalfa used, said serum having a dry matter content in the order of 10 to 5%.
The cake can be dehydrated and then pelletized in a press to form pellets, by known techniques.
The serum is partially recycled to treatment step (a) with preheating at 90-100 C for heating the fresh alfalfa.
The larger part of the serum can be concentrated in a triple or quadruple effect apparatus to obtain a concentrated serum or syrup having a dry matter content in the order of 50%
to 65%.
The various liquid fractions obtained at the outlet * Trademarks ~06ti116 of the press can be subjected, in a known manner, to further treatments making it possible to extract therefrom the proteins which constitute valuable products as additives to animal and human nutrients.
In the case of alfalfa dehydration, the preheating of step (a) of the process of the invention contributes to the supply of heat necessary for the final dehydration in the dryer inserted after the press.
The process of the invention will now be illustrated with reference to the drawing which shows the main steps of the process and the circulation of materials.
The alfalfa is introduced into a whitening type thermal treatment apparatus operating with a wet medium in the presence of a certain amount of recycled serum. The temperature in this first step of the process is in the order of 85-90~
for example. The hot alfalfa is then subjected to pressing which provides a serum and a cake. The cake (dry matter 35%
to 48% average content) undergoes dehydration by conventional means. A dehydrated alfalfa flour is thus obtained which is converted into dehydrated pellets in a conventional pelleting press.
The serum is partly recycled after reheating, for example at 90-100 C. The amount of serum recycled depends solely on the heat requirements in the thermal treatment appara-tus, taking into account the amount of alfalfa to be treated and the temperature to be attained. The weight of recycled serum introduced is generally approximately three times the weight of the alfalfa to be treated. The remaining serum, which is predominant is subjected to a concentration providing a syrup with a dry matter content in the range of 50 to 65%.
However, in the case of a relatively high initial moisture content of the fresh vegetable matter, such as ~0~ 6 alfalfa, the serum recycling coefficient can be limited by supplying calories directly to step (a), for example by immersing a coil with a hot fluid, such as steam, flowing through it in the reaction medium. The mixture is in this instance heated by indirect means, and at least a part of the reheating of the serum occurs while the serum is being mixed with the leafy matter.
As a man skilled in the art will immediately understand, the process of the invention can easily be put into effect in a continuous manner.
EXAMPLE
The invention is illustrated by the following example while in no way being limited thereby:
600 kg. of serum heated to a temperature of 95-100 C is added to 100 kg of green alfalfa containing 20.7% dry matter and titering 16.80% protein on dry matter whereby the mixture rapidly reaches a temperature of 85C.
The mixture is maintained at this temperature for 8 minutes.
The hot alfalfa is pressed after draining.
There is obtained, on the one hand, 42.5 kg cake comprising 40% dry matter titering 17.70% protein on dry matter and, on the other, 101.5 kg of a press juice comprisi~g 6.2% dry matter and titering 13.00% total nitrogenous matter as well as 556 kg of juice (i.e. serum) obtained by draining the macerated alfalfa comprising 4.70% dry matter and titering 12.20% total nitrogenous matter.
Said two juices are mixed and 600 kg thereof is recycled to the fresh green alfalfa and the remaining 57.5 kg is concentrated, providing a syrup having a dry matter content of 50% to 60%.
106Sl.16 The cake is dehydrated and pelletized 18.9 kg of pellets with 11% moisture content are obtained.
The amount of water evaporated in the dryer is 23.6 kg.
The invention therefore relates to a process for the treatment of leafy green vegetable matter, especially fresh alfalfa, comprising the steps of:
(a) treating the crude vegetable matter in wet medium by putting it in intimate contact with a reheated liquid product referred to as serum obtained from the following pressing step (b).
(b) pressing the hot matter obtained in step (a) to the moisture'content desired, which is usually in the range of 40 to 6~% based on the moisture content of the starting material, the said pressing thus providing a partially de-hydrated matter and a liquid product referred to as serum, the said serum being collected and partlally recycled to step (a)., In other words, the present invention provides a cyclic process for treating leafy green vegetable matter to recover separately the insoluble solids and the liquid therein in respectively cake and syrup form, which comprises (1) mixing a first quantity of said leafy matter with a predetermined quantity of reheated previously produced serum of said leafy matter, the quantity of said serum being sufficiently large to provide an ambient liquid medium for said leaves, the ~066~.16 temperature of said serum being sufficiently high to flocculate the protein content of said leafy matter, and the contact time of said leafy matter with said serum being sufficiently long to macerate said leafy matter; (2) separating said serum from said macerated leafy matter thereby forming a cake of said leafy matter and at least one serum effluent; (3) drying said cake; (4) reheating at least a part of said serum effluent to at least said protein flocculation temperature; (5) recycling said reheated serum to a succeeding quantity of said leafy matter at the above-stated temperature and in the above-stated amount thereby starting a second cycle of said process, ~6) concentrating the remaining part of said serum effluent to syrup viscosity; and (7) continuing said process.
According to the invention, the serum obtained from pressing is subjected to reheating permitting its temperature to be raised to a value capable of ensuring flocculation of the protein substances in step (a). By means of this pro-cess, flocculation of the chloroplastic and cytoplasmic proteins is effected inside the plant cells, as well as flocculation of the proteins in the serum obtained from pressing. Furthermore, by means of said preliminary thermal treatment in step (a), the proteins in the juice released by shredding and by the injury to plant tissues are also flocculated, said juice being already mixed in the mass of the cut vegetable matter. Before step (a'), the fresh vegetable matter may be subjected to mechanical disintegration in a dilacerating apparatus (causing tissue tearing) or in an apparatus of the hammer crusher type (causing tissue rupture). Said step is in no way compulsory however, and it may even be preferable and more economical to avoid this practice when putting the invention into effect. In the case of alfalfa, preheating of the serum is calculated to obtain a serum-green alfalfa mixture having a mean homogeneous temperature of 80 to 90C for the entire duration of the treatment of step (a).
For this purpose, the serum collected at the outlet of the press is pumped away and reheated by any known means, in particular by passing it through an exchanger supplied by steam. The serum thus heated to 80C to 100 C is partly recycled to the fresh alfalfa at the input of a suitable mixing apparatus.
Any suitable conveyor-mixer devices will be used capable of ensuring ~,n intimate contact between the fresh vegetable matter and the serum recycled from pressing. A device suited to the requirements of the invention is a double screw conveyor-mixer in which the reheated serum is introduced adjacent to the input of vegetable matter'.
For a serum having a temperature of about 85 C, the residence time of the alfalfa in the mixer is in the range of 5 to 8 minutes. A man skilled in the art will easily determine the parameters of mixing taking into account the peculiarities of the apparatus used and the vegetable matter' treated, in order to obtain at the outlet of the apparatus a matter wherein the serum is distributed in a uniform manner and the temperature between the mass of'matter and the serum is balanced.
In the case of alfalfa, advantageous conditions for the maceration-diffusion step, associated with the flocculation of precipitable proteins within the plant cells are as follows:
-temperature of the serum-fresh alfalfa mixture;
80 to 90 C, preferably 85 to 90 C, -admission of 3 to 6 parts by weight of serum for 1 part by weight fresh alfalfa, -adjustment of the pH to a value of 5 to 6.
-residence time : 5 to 8 minutes.
106:S~16 As has been said above, flocculation of proteins is effected in the conveyor-mixer of step (a). Whereby, the protein coagulum formed în the green juice gives rise to the formation of serum which will subsequently be extracted in the press. For the requirements of the invention, a continuous high efficiency press of the type "WHEEL PRESS", such as those built by the firms "DAVENPORT PRESS" and "RIETZ"*
are used. These presses consist of two wheels the axes of rotation of which are inclined to the horizontal. The two wheels thus form a "V" permitting alfalfa to be supplied to the open portion of the "V" and pressing and extraction of juice in the closed part of the "V". It is also possible to use a high yield continuous screw press, for example, the * *
STORD or SPEICHIM types. At the outlet of the press there is obtained:
- a cake weighing 50% to 40% of the initial weight of the fresh alfalfa used, said cake having a dry matter content (i.e. solids content, dry basis) in the order of 35 to 48%, - a serum weighing about 50% to 60% of the initial weight of the fresh alfalfa used, said serum having a dry matter content in the order of 10 to 5%.
The cake can be dehydrated and then pelletized in a press to form pellets, by known techniques.
The serum is partially recycled to treatment step (a) with preheating at 90-100 C for heating the fresh alfalfa.
The larger part of the serum can be concentrated in a triple or quadruple effect apparatus to obtain a concentrated serum or syrup having a dry matter content in the order of 50%
to 65%.
The various liquid fractions obtained at the outlet * Trademarks ~06ti116 of the press can be subjected, in a known manner, to further treatments making it possible to extract therefrom the proteins which constitute valuable products as additives to animal and human nutrients.
In the case of alfalfa dehydration, the preheating of step (a) of the process of the invention contributes to the supply of heat necessary for the final dehydration in the dryer inserted after the press.
The process of the invention will now be illustrated with reference to the drawing which shows the main steps of the process and the circulation of materials.
The alfalfa is introduced into a whitening type thermal treatment apparatus operating with a wet medium in the presence of a certain amount of recycled serum. The temperature in this first step of the process is in the order of 85-90~
for example. The hot alfalfa is then subjected to pressing which provides a serum and a cake. The cake (dry matter 35%
to 48% average content) undergoes dehydration by conventional means. A dehydrated alfalfa flour is thus obtained which is converted into dehydrated pellets in a conventional pelleting press.
The serum is partly recycled after reheating, for example at 90-100 C. The amount of serum recycled depends solely on the heat requirements in the thermal treatment appara-tus, taking into account the amount of alfalfa to be treated and the temperature to be attained. The weight of recycled serum introduced is generally approximately three times the weight of the alfalfa to be treated. The remaining serum, which is predominant is subjected to a concentration providing a syrup with a dry matter content in the range of 50 to 65%.
However, in the case of a relatively high initial moisture content of the fresh vegetable matter, such as ~0~ 6 alfalfa, the serum recycling coefficient can be limited by supplying calories directly to step (a), for example by immersing a coil with a hot fluid, such as steam, flowing through it in the reaction medium. The mixture is in this instance heated by indirect means, and at least a part of the reheating of the serum occurs while the serum is being mixed with the leafy matter.
As a man skilled in the art will immediately understand, the process of the invention can easily be put into effect in a continuous manner.
EXAMPLE
The invention is illustrated by the following example while in no way being limited thereby:
600 kg. of serum heated to a temperature of 95-100 C is added to 100 kg of green alfalfa containing 20.7% dry matter and titering 16.80% protein on dry matter whereby the mixture rapidly reaches a temperature of 85C.
The mixture is maintained at this temperature for 8 minutes.
The hot alfalfa is pressed after draining.
There is obtained, on the one hand, 42.5 kg cake comprising 40% dry matter titering 17.70% protein on dry matter and, on the other, 101.5 kg of a press juice comprisi~g 6.2% dry matter and titering 13.00% total nitrogenous matter as well as 556 kg of juice (i.e. serum) obtained by draining the macerated alfalfa comprising 4.70% dry matter and titering 12.20% total nitrogenous matter.
Said two juices are mixed and 600 kg thereof is recycled to the fresh green alfalfa and the remaining 57.5 kg is concentrated, providing a syrup having a dry matter content of 50% to 60%.
106Sl.16 The cake is dehydrated and pelletized 18.9 kg of pellets with 11% moisture content are obtained.
The amount of water evaporated in the dryer is 23.6 kg.
Claims (19)
1. A cyclic process for treating leafy green vegetable matter to recover separately the insoluble solid and the liquid matter therein in respectively cake and syrup form, which comprises:
(1) mixing a first quantity of said leafy matter with a predetermined quantity of reheated previously produced serum of said leafy matter, the quantity of said serum being sufficiently large to provide a liquid medium for said leafy matter, the temperature of said serum being sufficiently high to flocculate the protein content of said leafy matter, the duration of contact of said leafy matter with said serum being sufficiently long to macerate said leafy matter;
(2) separating a sufficient proportion of said serum from said macerated leafy matter to form a cake of said macerated leafy matter, and at least one serum effluent;
(3) drying said cake;
(4) reheating at least a part of said serum effluent to at least said protein flocculating and macerating temperature;
(5) recycling said reheated serum to a succeeding quantity of said leafy matter at the above-stated temperature and in the above-stated amount, thereby starting a second cycle of said process; and (6) concentrating the remaining part of said serum effluent to syrup viscosity.
(1) mixing a first quantity of said leafy matter with a predetermined quantity of reheated previously produced serum of said leafy matter, the quantity of said serum being sufficiently large to provide a liquid medium for said leafy matter, the temperature of said serum being sufficiently high to flocculate the protein content of said leafy matter, the duration of contact of said leafy matter with said serum being sufficiently long to macerate said leafy matter;
(2) separating a sufficient proportion of said serum from said macerated leafy matter to form a cake of said macerated leafy matter, and at least one serum effluent;
(3) drying said cake;
(4) reheating at least a part of said serum effluent to at least said protein flocculating and macerating temperature;
(5) recycling said reheated serum to a succeeding quantity of said leafy matter at the above-stated temperature and in the above-stated amount, thereby starting a second cycle of said process; and (6) concentrating the remaining part of said serum effluent to syrup viscosity.
2. The process according to claim 1 wherein said leafy vegetable matter is in natural leaf form when mixed with said recycled serum.
3. The process according to claim 1 wherein said vegetable matter is alfalfa.
4. The process according to claim 1 wherein the weight of recycled serum is about 3 to 6 times the weight of the vegetable matter to which it is added.
5. The process according to claim 1 wherein the pH of the mixture in treatment step (1) is adjusted to a value of 5 to 6.
6. The process according to claim 1 wherein said duration of contact is 5 to 8 minutes.
7. The process according to claim 1 wherein said leafy matter is pressed to a solids content of 35% to 48% by weight.
8. The process according to claim 1 wherein said remaining part of said serum is concentrated immediately after separation from said macerated vegetable matter.
9. The process according to claim 1 wherein the part of said serum which is recycled is reheated to a temperature within the range of 80 to 100°C.
10. The process according to claim 9 wherein at least a part of said reheating occurs during mixing of said serum with said leafy matter.
11. The process according to claim 1 wherein the quantity and temperature of the serum which is recycled is such that the mixture of leafy matter and serum during said maceration has a temperature in the range of 80 to 90°C.
12. The process according to claim 1 wherein the serum which is concentrated is concentrated to a solids content of about 50% to 65% by weight.
13. A cyclic process for treating green alfalfa to recover separately the insoluble solid and the liquid matter therein in respectively cake and syrup form, which comprises:
(1) mixing a first quanitity of said alfalfa with a pre-determined quantity of reheated previously produced serum of said alfalfa, the quantity of said serum being sufficiently large to provide a liquid medium for said alfalfa, the temperature of said serum being in the range of 80 to 100°C
and sufficiently high to heat said alfalfa to at least the flocculation temperature of the protein therein and to macerate said alfalfa, the duration of contact of said alfalfa with said serum being between 5 and 8 minutes and sufficiently long to macerate said alfalfa; (2) separating a sufficient proportion of said serum from said macerated alfalfa to form a cake of said macerated alfalfa, having a dry solids content of about 35% to 48% by weight and at least one serum effluent; (3) drying said cake; (4) reheating at least a part of said serum effluent to at least said protein flocculating and macerating temperature; (5) recycling said reheated serum to a succeeding quantity of said alfalfa at the above-stated temperature in the above-stated amount, thereby starting a second cycle of said process; and (6) concentrating the remaining part of said serum effluent to syrup viscosity.
(1) mixing a first quanitity of said alfalfa with a pre-determined quantity of reheated previously produced serum of said alfalfa, the quantity of said serum being sufficiently large to provide a liquid medium for said alfalfa, the temperature of said serum being in the range of 80 to 100°C
and sufficiently high to heat said alfalfa to at least the flocculation temperature of the protein therein and to macerate said alfalfa, the duration of contact of said alfalfa with said serum being between 5 and 8 minutes and sufficiently long to macerate said alfalfa; (2) separating a sufficient proportion of said serum from said macerated alfalfa to form a cake of said macerated alfalfa, having a dry solids content of about 35% to 48% by weight and at least one serum effluent; (3) drying said cake; (4) reheating at least a part of said serum effluent to at least said protein flocculating and macerating temperature; (5) recycling said reheated serum to a succeeding quantity of said alfalfa at the above-stated temperature in the above-stated amount, thereby starting a second cycle of said process; and (6) concentrating the remaining part of said serum effluent to syrup viscosity.
14. The process according to claim 13 wherein (a) the temperature of the mixture during the flocculation and maceration treatment in step (1) is 80 to 90°C, (b) the weight of recycled serum is about 3 to 6 times the weight of the alfalfa to which it is added, and (c) the pH of the mixture in treatment step (1) is adjusted to a value of 5 to 6.
15. The process according to claim 14 wherein the temperature of the mixture during the flocculation and maceration treatment in step (1) is 85 to 90°C.
16. Leafy green vegetable matter cake; and leafy green vegetable matter serum; produced by the process according to claim 1.
17. An animal and human food having a content chosen from the cake and the serum of claim 16 as supplementary nutrient.
18. The process according to claim 1 wherein the separation in step (2) is effected by pressing said macerated leafy matter.
19. The process according to claim 13 wherein the separation in step (2) is effected by pressing said macerated alfalfa.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR7436628A FR2294648A1 (en) | 1974-11-04 | 1974-11-04 | PROCESS FOR TREATING GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES, SUCH AS ALZERNE, WITH A VIEW OF PROTEIN RECOVERY AND REDUCTION OF CALORIFIC NEEDS DURING DEHYDRATION |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1066116A true CA1066116A (en) | 1979-11-13 |
Family
ID=9144649
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA238,882A Expired CA1066116A (en) | 1974-11-04 | 1975-11-03 | Process for the treatment of leafy green plants, such as alfalfa, for the recovery of proteins and the reduction of heating requirements during dehydration |
Country Status (18)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AR (1) | AR212860A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU502317B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1066116A (en) |
| DK (1) | DK146351B (en) |
| ES (1) | ES442296A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2294648A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1528783A (en) |
| HU (1) | HU174437B (en) |
| IE (1) | IE43443B1 (en) |
| IN (1) | IN141168B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1052147B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL165040C (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ179129A (en) |
| OA (1) | OA05158A (en) |
| PL (1) | PL96637B1 (en) |
| RO (1) | RO85445B (en) |
| SU (1) | SU651653A3 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA756775B (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2462102A1 (en) * | 1979-07-27 | 1981-02-13 | Energiagazdalkodasi Intezet | Concrete slab surface finishing device - has frame movable over support rails and carries hopper and depositing finishing material onto rotatable roller and hence slab |
| FR2487176A1 (en) * | 1980-07-25 | 1982-01-29 | Rech Energetiques Ste Fse | Expression of liq. from plants - by chopping, conditioning and pressing |
| FR2601118B1 (en) * | 1986-07-04 | 1988-10-21 | France Luzerne | PROCESS FOR DRYING PLANT MATERIALS WITH HIGH PRESSURE STEAM |
| FR2615361B1 (en) * | 1987-05-21 | 1991-05-17 | Union Champenoise Coop Deshydr | METHOD FOR SILAGE OF GREEN FORMS AFTER HOT PRESSING AND ITS INTEGRATION IN A DEHYDRATION PROCESS |
| CA2686515C (en) | 2007-03-26 | 2014-11-25 | Stefan Grass | Production of non-woven elements from natural fibers |
| GB2586687B (en) | 2020-05-15 | 2021-09-08 | George Omalley | A process for producing a non-woven grass fibre product |
-
1974
- 1974-11-04 FR FR7436628A patent/FR2294648A1/en active Granted
-
1975
- 1975-10-28 ZA ZA00756775A patent/ZA756775B/en unknown
- 1975-10-28 IN IN2072/CAL/75A patent/IN141168B/en unknown
- 1975-10-30 GB GB44959/75A patent/GB1528783A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-10-31 NL NL7512820.A patent/NL165040C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-10-31 RO RO83762A patent/RO85445B/en unknown
- 1975-11-03 HU HU75FA981A patent/HU174437B/en unknown
- 1975-11-03 AU AU86277/75A patent/AU502317B2/en not_active Expired
- 1975-11-03 IT IT52059/75A patent/IT1052147B/en active
- 1975-11-03 IE IE2388/75A patent/IE43443B1/en unknown
- 1975-11-03 NZ NZ179129A patent/NZ179129A/en unknown
- 1975-11-03 CA CA238,882A patent/CA1066116A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-11-03 DK DK493775AA patent/DK146351B/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1975-11-03 PL PL1975184442A patent/PL96637B1/en unknown
- 1975-11-03 ES ES442296A patent/ES442296A1/en not_active Expired
- 1975-11-04 OA OA55659A patent/OA05158A/en unknown
- 1975-11-04 SU SU752186203A patent/SU651653A3/en active
- 1975-11-04 AR AR261063A patent/AR212860A1/en active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL165040B (en) | 1980-10-15 |
| DK493775A (en) | 1976-05-05 |
| IE43443B1 (en) | 1981-02-25 |
| HU174437B (en) | 1980-01-28 |
| NL165040C (en) | 1981-03-16 |
| IN141168B (en) | 1977-01-29 |
| NZ179129A (en) | 1978-04-28 |
| SU651653A3 (en) | 1979-03-05 |
| AU8627775A (en) | 1977-05-12 |
| FR2294648B1 (en) | 1977-10-28 |
| ZA756775B (en) | 1976-10-27 |
| AU502317B2 (en) | 1979-07-19 |
| OA05158A (en) | 1981-01-31 |
| RO85445A (en) | 1985-01-24 |
| IT1052147B (en) | 1981-06-20 |
| RO85445B (en) | 1985-01-30 |
| FR2294648A1 (en) | 1976-07-16 |
| NL7512820A (en) | 1976-05-06 |
| GB1528783A (en) | 1978-10-18 |
| AR212860A1 (en) | 1978-10-31 |
| DK146351B (en) | 1983-09-19 |
| PL96637B1 (en) | 1978-01-31 |
| IE43443L (en) | 1976-05-04 |
| ES442296A1 (en) | 1977-04-01 |
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