CA1062118A - Method of shelling oil- and protein-containing seed grains - Google Patents
Method of shelling oil- and protein-containing seed grainsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1062118A CA1062118A CA283,852A CA283852A CA1062118A CA 1062118 A CA1062118 A CA 1062118A CA 283852 A CA283852 A CA 283852A CA 1062118 A CA1062118 A CA 1062118A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- seed
- pair
- breaker
- process defined
- seeds
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02B—PREPARING GRAIN FOR MILLING; REFINING GRANULAR FRUIT TO COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS BY WORKING THE SURFACE
- B02B3/00—Hulling; Husking; Decorticating; Polishing; Removing the awns; Degerming
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02B—PREPARING GRAIN FOR MILLING; REFINING GRANULAR FRUIT TO COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS BY WORKING THE SURFACE
- B02B3/00—Hulling; Husking; Decorticating; Polishing; Removing the awns; Degerming
- B02B3/04—Hulling; Husking; Decorticating; Polishing; Removing the awns; Degerming by means of rollers
- B02B3/045—Hulling; Husking; Decorticating; Polishing; Removing the awns; Degerming by means of rollers cooperating rollers
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure A method of shelling oil- and protein-containing seed kernels or grains comprises passing the seeds between two rigid surfaces which are relatively displaced to compress the diameter of the seed kernels to 0.2 to 0.5 times the average normal diameter of the seed kernels, thereby breaking the shells and enabling the same to be separated from the meat of the kernel. The separation is effected in a sifting process.
Description
10~
SPECIFICATION
Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a process for the shelling (i.e. for the removal of the outer skin, sheath or hull) of oil- and protein-containing seed kernels, such as rape or turnip seed, whereby the meat or core of the seed can be obtained free from fragments of the shell, e.g. for the pressing or extraction of oil thereform.
. .
Background of the Invention -- -- .
Rape seed and like seed grains have gained an in-creasingly prominent position as a source of oil and pro-tein because of the relatively high oil and protein contents of the meat of these seed grains. It is a common practice to extract as much oil as possible from the seed grain and to use the remaining solids as protein concentrate which has a potential as a source of protein for human ingestion pur-poses.
Rape seed has hitherto been processed by cleaning the seed grains, breaking them, rolling the broken product, conditioning and pressing the oil from the broken product by rollers. For the maximum oil removal, the pressed cake is comminuted and is extracted with, for example, hexane which is able to solubilize remaining oil from the comminuted pressed cake. The extracting solvent is then removed from the sclid product by eVaporatioD.
.
:
: . , : ~ .. . .
: ~ :
''10~
The resulting solids are used as animal feeds.
A substantial disadvantage of this conventional pro-cess can be found in the fact that the seed grains are treated with their shells or sheaths (i.e. the seed-coat fragments).
As a result, the residue of the oil-extraction process con-tains all of the shell components of the seed grain. These coat components reduce the physiological food value of the residue and renders the latter unsuitable for further treat-ment of the residue to protein concentrates for human con-sumption. On the other hand, the removal of the coat of theseed grain before the oil-extraction process is fraught with difficulties because of the relatively small size of the seed grains, i.e. about 2mm in diameter.
There have been various proposals for removing the meat or core of the seed grains from the coat. For example, it has been suggested to remove the coats from the meat by entraining the seed grains in an airstream and thereby pro-jecting them at high velocities against baffle surfaces (cf. Proceedings Fourth International Ra~e Conqress, 1974, _ _ _ _ 20 p. 637). The production of an air~tream of high velocity, because of the necessary high throughput of the air for in-dustrially practical applications, involves high energy con--` sumption. Moreover, this process has been found to leave a , substantial portion of the seed grains with their coats in-tact so that the product still contains a significant coat component.
, ~ ' , , ' iQ~
Object of the Invention It is the object of the present invention to pro-vide a process for the removal of shells from oil- and pro-tein-containing seed grains which permits as completely as possible a separation of the shells from the meat at low energy consumption.
Summary of the Invention This object and others which will become apparent hereinafter are attained, in accordance with the present in-vention, by a process which is based upon the surprising discovery that a defined deformation of the seed grains be-tween two rigid surfaces can bring about a breaking loose and total separation of the coat from the meat so as to en-able separation of the shell components from the meat compon-ents by a sifting operation. More particularly, the diameter of the seed grains is reduced, by passing them between two relatively moving surfaces, to 0.2 to 0.5 times the average mean diameters of the seed grains and thereafter subjecting the product to air sifting to separate the coat fragments from the meat. -It has been found that a predetermined deformation of the seed grains, to the extent stated above, splits or coats the shells and causes them to become released from the core meat without significantly compressing the core meat so that the latter can be recovered in its natural parts, namely, the outer flakes, inner flakes and the germ. The subsequent .
... ~ . . .. . . . . .
106'~
sifting operation thus qives a practically complete separation of the coat or shell components from the meat so that the oil-extraction operation can be carried out on practically shell-free meat and the resulting meat residue can be worked up to high-value protein concentrates suitable for human consump-tion. Furthermore, the meat is obtained in a geometric con-figuration which has been found to be especially suitable for the oil-extraction operation.
According to a further feature of the invention, the predetermined deformation of the seed grains is so carried out that the diameter is reduced to 0.25 to 0.4 times the original seed grain diameter, preferably to 0.3 to 0.35 times the mean diameter of the seed grains. This reduction in the diameter of the seed grains has been found to be sufficient to break loose the shells from the meat and to do so without pressing any oil from the meat. The mean normal diameter of rape seed can be determined readily by sifting and is usually between
SPECIFICATION
Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a process for the shelling (i.e. for the removal of the outer skin, sheath or hull) of oil- and protein-containing seed kernels, such as rape or turnip seed, whereby the meat or core of the seed can be obtained free from fragments of the shell, e.g. for the pressing or extraction of oil thereform.
. .
Background of the Invention -- -- .
Rape seed and like seed grains have gained an in-creasingly prominent position as a source of oil and pro-tein because of the relatively high oil and protein contents of the meat of these seed grains. It is a common practice to extract as much oil as possible from the seed grain and to use the remaining solids as protein concentrate which has a potential as a source of protein for human ingestion pur-poses.
Rape seed has hitherto been processed by cleaning the seed grains, breaking them, rolling the broken product, conditioning and pressing the oil from the broken product by rollers. For the maximum oil removal, the pressed cake is comminuted and is extracted with, for example, hexane which is able to solubilize remaining oil from the comminuted pressed cake. The extracting solvent is then removed from the sclid product by eVaporatioD.
.
:
: . , : ~ .. . .
: ~ :
''10~
The resulting solids are used as animal feeds.
A substantial disadvantage of this conventional pro-cess can be found in the fact that the seed grains are treated with their shells or sheaths (i.e. the seed-coat fragments).
As a result, the residue of the oil-extraction process con-tains all of the shell components of the seed grain. These coat components reduce the physiological food value of the residue and renders the latter unsuitable for further treat-ment of the residue to protein concentrates for human con-sumption. On the other hand, the removal of the coat of theseed grain before the oil-extraction process is fraught with difficulties because of the relatively small size of the seed grains, i.e. about 2mm in diameter.
There have been various proposals for removing the meat or core of the seed grains from the coat. For example, it has been suggested to remove the coats from the meat by entraining the seed grains in an airstream and thereby pro-jecting them at high velocities against baffle surfaces (cf. Proceedings Fourth International Ra~e Conqress, 1974, _ _ _ _ 20 p. 637). The production of an air~tream of high velocity, because of the necessary high throughput of the air for in-dustrially practical applications, involves high energy con--` sumption. Moreover, this process has been found to leave a , substantial portion of the seed grains with their coats in-tact so that the product still contains a significant coat component.
, ~ ' , , ' iQ~
Object of the Invention It is the object of the present invention to pro-vide a process for the removal of shells from oil- and pro-tein-containing seed grains which permits as completely as possible a separation of the shells from the meat at low energy consumption.
Summary of the Invention This object and others which will become apparent hereinafter are attained, in accordance with the present in-vention, by a process which is based upon the surprising discovery that a defined deformation of the seed grains be-tween two rigid surfaces can bring about a breaking loose and total separation of the coat from the meat so as to en-able separation of the shell components from the meat compon-ents by a sifting operation. More particularly, the diameter of the seed grains is reduced, by passing them between two relatively moving surfaces, to 0.2 to 0.5 times the average mean diameters of the seed grains and thereafter subjecting the product to air sifting to separate the coat fragments from the meat. -It has been found that a predetermined deformation of the seed grains, to the extent stated above, splits or coats the shells and causes them to become released from the core meat without significantly compressing the core meat so that the latter can be recovered in its natural parts, namely, the outer flakes, inner flakes and the germ. The subsequent .
... ~ . . .. . . . . .
106'~
sifting operation thus qives a practically complete separation of the coat or shell components from the meat so that the oil-extraction operation can be carried out on practically shell-free meat and the resulting meat residue can be worked up to high-value protein concentrates suitable for human consump-tion. Furthermore, the meat is obtained in a geometric con-figuration which has been found to be especially suitable for the oil-extraction operation.
According to a further feature of the invention, the predetermined deformation of the seed grains is so carried out that the diameter is reduced to 0.25 to 0.4 times the original seed grain diameter, preferably to 0.3 to 0.35 times the mean diameter of the seed grains. This reduction in the diameter of the seed grains has been found to be sufficient to break loose the shells from the meat and to do so without pressing any oil from the meat. The mean normal diameter of rape seed can be determined readily by sifting and is usually between
2 and 3mm.
The deformation of the seed grains is preferably effected by passing the seed grains between a pair of rollers whose spacing, at the regions of closest approach, correspond to the reduced diameter of the seed grains which is desired as noted above. The roller assembly, according to the inven-tion, can have an adjustable gap which can be varied in accor-; dance with the mean diameter of the seed grains which are processed therein to effect the desired reduction of the ~ diameter.
:
.. ..-According to the preferred embodiment of theinvention, the seed grains are passed through at least two pairs of such rollers in succession with the gap between the rollers of the upstream pair being greater than the gap between the rollers of the downstream pair. This arrangement permits the process of the invention to be used for seed grains with a wide ~ange of dimensions, i.e. permits the desired diameter reduction to be applied over the total spectrum of the original seed grain diameters.
According to yet another feature of the invention, after each passage through a pair of rollers, according to the ; invention, a respective sifting stage is carried out to sep-arate the coat fragments which have been formed in the previous deformation stage. This prevents shell fragments from a previous stage to be pressed into the meat of seed grains which have been released therein during a subsequent deformation stage.
According to another aspect of the invention, the deformation of the seed grains is carried out by passing them between a pair of opposed jaws forming a breaker, the jaws being oscillated about respective pivot axes so that they undergo relative oscillatory displacement about the respective axes. Alternatively, the jaws are relatively displaced perpen- -dicular to the seed-engaging surfaces of the jaws. Naturally, the seed-engaging surfaces can be curve~ and can converge in the direction of movement of the seed grains between these ~aws, the spacing of the ~aws at their distance of closest approach being equal to the minimum reduced diameter to be imparted to the seed grains.
It has been found to be advantageous in either of --the latter cases to impart to at least one of the jaws, an oscillatory movement parallel to the other.
, .
" . . . . , . ~ . , . . :
The sepalation of the shells from the meat of the seed grain, following the breàking of the shells, can be improved still further by subjecting the seed grains prior to their deformation to a conditioning operation in the appropriate conditioning apparatus in which the temperature and the water content of the seeds is ad~usted. In the conditioning apparatus, the water content should be adjusted to 3.5 to 7~ by weight at room temperature for best results.
Brlef Description of the Drawing The above and other objects, features and advan-tages of the present inventio~ will become more readily apparent from the following description, reference being made to the accompanying drawing, in which:
.l is a flow diagram illustrating the process of the present invention using a single pair of rollers for the deformation of the seed grains;
F~ 2 is a flow diagram ill~strating an embodi-ment of the process o~ the invention where two pairs of deformation rollers are provided in succession, and FIGS. 3 - 5 show other breaker arrangements in `~ accordance with the invention.
.
Specific DescriPtion ~ In FIG.l of the drawing, there is shown a process-- flow scheme in which the rape seed has a coating 1 and the core meat 23 both illustrated diagrammatically for a seed of average diameter D. The seed is first subjected to conditioning at 3 to modify its moisture content as has been previously indicated and is then passed between the two rollers 4 of a roller assembly having a gap which narrows to the dimension S and which deforms - : . .
the seed by pressing inwardly thereon at 2 diametrically opposite locations to reduce the diameter D of the seed in proportion to the mean or average diameter. If this proportion is selected properly, the coating or shell 1 ruptures and the core meat falls in its natural components including the outer leaves or ectoblasts 2a, the inner leaves or hypoblasts 2b, and the germ 2c. The ecto~last 2a and the hypoblast 2b are approx-imately of the same geometric configuration.
The ratio V of deformations or diameter reduction in the rolling gap S with seed of a mean diameter D is given by the equation: v-8~b. It is essential to the present invention that V be equal or greater than 0.2 and less than or equal to 0.5.
However, effective results are optimally obtained when V is equal to or greater than 0.25 but less than or equal to 0.4. The very best results in accordance with the instant invention are ob~ained when V is greater than or equal to ~.3 but less than or equal to 0.35i When the aforedescribed values are maintained, the natural components ~f the core meat 3 are undamaged during the rupture of the coating and are not compressed to the po~nt that there is no oil loss.
: The coating fragments 1 are separated from the ` components of the core meat 2 by a separator 10 which can operate because of the difference in density of the meat and the shell fragments,-~ . air separator, or by the larger size of the coating fragments. In the latter case, a properly dimen-sioned sieve is all that is necessary. Of course, the rollers 4 rotate in opposite senses so that their seed-engaging juxta-posed surfaces move downwardly in the direction of movement of the seed. From the separator 5, the meat components and the coat fragments are recovered. -~7~
FIG. 2 shows, somewhat similarly, the process as it applies to the decoating or shelling of said grains with differ-ent diameters. In this case, large seeds 6 and small seeds 8 are subjected to conditioning and are passed through a roller system comprising two roller pair disposed in succession.
The upstream pair of rollers 7 passes the small seeds 8 while rupturing the coat of the large seeds as shown. Between the rollers there is provided a separator 10 so that only the meats of the large grains and the small seed grains pass into the gap of the downstream pair of rollers 9 where the coating is broken away from the small grains. All of the meat components are then collected from the sifter 10 downstream of the roller pair 9. Naturally, the spacing between the roller 7, greater than the spacing between the rollers 9 and each of these spacings should be within the aforementioned range of spacing as degined by the ratio V given above.
In FIG. 3, there is shown a breaker of a nonrotary type by means of which the same principle as has been described above is applied to the removal of the feed coatings of rape seed.
The structure illustrated in FIG. 3 comprises, downstream of the usual conditioner, a pair of ~ownwardly and mutually convergent breaking jaws 11 and 12, the jaw 11 being guided for reciprocating movement in a direction perpendicula~ to the jaw 12 as represented by the arrow 12. The reciprocating movement can be generated by - any conventional means, e.g. a crank~ a solenoid, a camshaft or the like.
Still another breaker ha~ been illustrated in FIG. 4 and comprises a pair of breaker jaws 14 and 15, the latter being fixed and inclined downwardly from the h~rizontal. The breaker jaw 14 i3 mounted for pivotal movement about an axis 16 and re-ceive~ an oscillatory displacement about this axis as has been represented by the arrow 17.
An especially desirable embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention is seen in FIG. 5 in which the breaker jaws 18 and 19 are both inclined toward one another and inclined to the vertical. In this case, the upper jaw 19 is fixed although it can also be angularly oscillated as represented in FIG. 4.
However, the breaker jaw 18 is here reciprocated horizontally so that its movement, at the feed-engaging surface, has two compo-nents, one being perpendicular to the juxtaposed surface of the jaw 19 while the other components of movement are represented by the arrows l9a and l9b, respectively.
It will be apparent from FIGS. 3 through 5 that the breaker jaws can be oriented generally vertically (FIG. 3) or in-clined to the horizontal lFIGS. 4 and 5) but in every case will converge toward one another so that their closest spacing corres-ponds to the spacing S used with the roller dehullers described in conjunction with FIGS~ 1 and 2.
'. : ' '' ~ ,:, ' _g_ : ~ -
The deformation of the seed grains is preferably effected by passing the seed grains between a pair of rollers whose spacing, at the regions of closest approach, correspond to the reduced diameter of the seed grains which is desired as noted above. The roller assembly, according to the inven-tion, can have an adjustable gap which can be varied in accor-; dance with the mean diameter of the seed grains which are processed therein to effect the desired reduction of the ~ diameter.
:
.. ..-According to the preferred embodiment of theinvention, the seed grains are passed through at least two pairs of such rollers in succession with the gap between the rollers of the upstream pair being greater than the gap between the rollers of the downstream pair. This arrangement permits the process of the invention to be used for seed grains with a wide ~ange of dimensions, i.e. permits the desired diameter reduction to be applied over the total spectrum of the original seed grain diameters.
According to yet another feature of the invention, after each passage through a pair of rollers, according to the ; invention, a respective sifting stage is carried out to sep-arate the coat fragments which have been formed in the previous deformation stage. This prevents shell fragments from a previous stage to be pressed into the meat of seed grains which have been released therein during a subsequent deformation stage.
According to another aspect of the invention, the deformation of the seed grains is carried out by passing them between a pair of opposed jaws forming a breaker, the jaws being oscillated about respective pivot axes so that they undergo relative oscillatory displacement about the respective axes. Alternatively, the jaws are relatively displaced perpen- -dicular to the seed-engaging surfaces of the jaws. Naturally, the seed-engaging surfaces can be curve~ and can converge in the direction of movement of the seed grains between these ~aws, the spacing of the ~aws at their distance of closest approach being equal to the minimum reduced diameter to be imparted to the seed grains.
It has been found to be advantageous in either of --the latter cases to impart to at least one of the jaws, an oscillatory movement parallel to the other.
, .
" . . . . , . ~ . , . . :
The sepalation of the shells from the meat of the seed grain, following the breàking of the shells, can be improved still further by subjecting the seed grains prior to their deformation to a conditioning operation in the appropriate conditioning apparatus in which the temperature and the water content of the seeds is ad~usted. In the conditioning apparatus, the water content should be adjusted to 3.5 to 7~ by weight at room temperature for best results.
Brlef Description of the Drawing The above and other objects, features and advan-tages of the present inventio~ will become more readily apparent from the following description, reference being made to the accompanying drawing, in which:
.l is a flow diagram illustrating the process of the present invention using a single pair of rollers for the deformation of the seed grains;
F~ 2 is a flow diagram ill~strating an embodi-ment of the process o~ the invention where two pairs of deformation rollers are provided in succession, and FIGS. 3 - 5 show other breaker arrangements in `~ accordance with the invention.
.
Specific DescriPtion ~ In FIG.l of the drawing, there is shown a process-- flow scheme in which the rape seed has a coating 1 and the core meat 23 both illustrated diagrammatically for a seed of average diameter D. The seed is first subjected to conditioning at 3 to modify its moisture content as has been previously indicated and is then passed between the two rollers 4 of a roller assembly having a gap which narrows to the dimension S and which deforms - : . .
the seed by pressing inwardly thereon at 2 diametrically opposite locations to reduce the diameter D of the seed in proportion to the mean or average diameter. If this proportion is selected properly, the coating or shell 1 ruptures and the core meat falls in its natural components including the outer leaves or ectoblasts 2a, the inner leaves or hypoblasts 2b, and the germ 2c. The ecto~last 2a and the hypoblast 2b are approx-imately of the same geometric configuration.
The ratio V of deformations or diameter reduction in the rolling gap S with seed of a mean diameter D is given by the equation: v-8~b. It is essential to the present invention that V be equal or greater than 0.2 and less than or equal to 0.5.
However, effective results are optimally obtained when V is equal to or greater than 0.25 but less than or equal to 0.4. The very best results in accordance with the instant invention are ob~ained when V is greater than or equal to ~.3 but less than or equal to 0.35i When the aforedescribed values are maintained, the natural components ~f the core meat 3 are undamaged during the rupture of the coating and are not compressed to the po~nt that there is no oil loss.
: The coating fragments 1 are separated from the ` components of the core meat 2 by a separator 10 which can operate because of the difference in density of the meat and the shell fragments,-~ . air separator, or by the larger size of the coating fragments. In the latter case, a properly dimen-sioned sieve is all that is necessary. Of course, the rollers 4 rotate in opposite senses so that their seed-engaging juxta-posed surfaces move downwardly in the direction of movement of the seed. From the separator 5, the meat components and the coat fragments are recovered. -~7~
FIG. 2 shows, somewhat similarly, the process as it applies to the decoating or shelling of said grains with differ-ent diameters. In this case, large seeds 6 and small seeds 8 are subjected to conditioning and are passed through a roller system comprising two roller pair disposed in succession.
The upstream pair of rollers 7 passes the small seeds 8 while rupturing the coat of the large seeds as shown. Between the rollers there is provided a separator 10 so that only the meats of the large grains and the small seed grains pass into the gap of the downstream pair of rollers 9 where the coating is broken away from the small grains. All of the meat components are then collected from the sifter 10 downstream of the roller pair 9. Naturally, the spacing between the roller 7, greater than the spacing between the rollers 9 and each of these spacings should be within the aforementioned range of spacing as degined by the ratio V given above.
In FIG. 3, there is shown a breaker of a nonrotary type by means of which the same principle as has been described above is applied to the removal of the feed coatings of rape seed.
The structure illustrated in FIG. 3 comprises, downstream of the usual conditioner, a pair of ~ownwardly and mutually convergent breaking jaws 11 and 12, the jaw 11 being guided for reciprocating movement in a direction perpendicula~ to the jaw 12 as represented by the arrow 12. The reciprocating movement can be generated by - any conventional means, e.g. a crank~ a solenoid, a camshaft or the like.
Still another breaker ha~ been illustrated in FIG. 4 and comprises a pair of breaker jaws 14 and 15, the latter being fixed and inclined downwardly from the h~rizontal. The breaker jaw 14 i3 mounted for pivotal movement about an axis 16 and re-ceive~ an oscillatory displacement about this axis as has been represented by the arrow 17.
An especially desirable embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention is seen in FIG. 5 in which the breaker jaws 18 and 19 are both inclined toward one another and inclined to the vertical. In this case, the upper jaw 19 is fixed although it can also be angularly oscillated as represented in FIG. 4.
However, the breaker jaw 18 is here reciprocated horizontally so that its movement, at the feed-engaging surface, has two compo-nents, one being perpendicular to the juxtaposed surface of the jaw 19 while the other components of movement are represented by the arrows l9a and l9b, respectively.
It will be apparent from FIGS. 3 through 5 that the breaker jaws can be oriented generally vertically (FIG. 3) or in-clined to the horizontal lFIGS. 4 and 5) but in every case will converge toward one another so that their closest spacing corres-ponds to the spacing S used with the roller dehullers described in conjunction with FIGS~ 1 and 2.
'. : ' '' ~ ,:, ' _g_ : ~ -
Claims (12)
1. A process for the removal of a seed coat from oil-and protein-containing seeds, comprising the steps of:
compressing the seeds without crushing the core meat thereof between a pair of rigid surfaces to reduce the diameter of the seed in the region of compression only to substantially 0.2 times to 0.5 times the average diameter of the seed prior to compression, thereby rupturing the seed coat; and sifting the resulting product to separate seed coat fragments from the intact meat of the seed.
compressing the seeds without crushing the core meat thereof between a pair of rigid surfaces to reduce the diameter of the seed in the region of compression only to substantially 0.2 times to 0.5 times the average diameter of the seed prior to compression, thereby rupturing the seed coat; and sifting the resulting product to separate seed coat fragments from the intact meat of the seed.
2. The process defined in claim 1 wherein the seeds are pressed to a diameter between 0.25 times to 0.4 times the average diameter to rupture the seed coat.
3. The process defined in claim 1 wherein the seeds are compressed to 0.3 times to 0.35 times said average diameter to rupture said seed coat.
4. The process defined in claim 1 wherein the seeds are deformed by passing them between a pair of rollers having a pair of surfaces compressing said seeds between them, said surfaces having a distance at closest approach equal to the diameter to which the seeds are compressed.
5. The process defined in claim 4 wherein said distance of closest approach is adjustable.
6. The process defined in claim 4 wherein the seed is passed between the rollers of two successive pairs of rollers with the distance of closest approach of the subsequent pair of rollers being less than the distance of closest approach of the previous pair of rollers traversed by the seed.
7. The process defined in claim 6 wherein coat fragments are separated from the meat of the seed subsequent to the passage thereof between the rollers of each pair.
8. The process defined in claim 1 wherein said seed is compressed between a pair of breaker jaws, at least one of the breaker jaws being disposed substantially vertically while the other breaker jaw is reciprocated toward and away from the first-mentioned breaker jaw.
9. The process defined in claim 1 wherein the seeds are compressed between a pair of breaker jaws, further comprising swinging one of said breaker jaws toward and away from the other of said breaker jaws with an angularly oscillatory movement.
10. The process defined in claim 1 wherein said seed is compressed between a pair of breaker jaws, one of said breaker jaws being oscillated such that its surface engaging the seed has a component of movement parallel to the other breaker jaw and a further component of movement transverse to said other breaker jaw.
11. The process defined in claim 1, further comprising the step of conditioning the seed prior to the compression thereof to modify the temperature and moisture content of the seed subjected to compression.
12. The process defined in claim 11 wherein the moisture content at room temperature of the seed is 3.5 to 7% by weight water.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19762635169 DE2635169C2 (en) | 1976-08-05 | 1976-08-05 | Process for peeling rapeseed, rapeseed or similar oil- and protein-containing seeds |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1062118A true CA1062118A (en) | 1979-09-11 |
Family
ID=5984756
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA283,852A Expired CA1062118A (en) | 1976-08-05 | 1977-08-02 | Method of shelling oil- and protein-containing seed grains |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1062118A (en) |
| DD (1) | DD131530A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2635169C2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2360349A1 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL112720B1 (en) |
| SE (1) | SE425746B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3741642A1 (en) * | 1987-12-09 | 1989-06-22 | Stephan Dieter | PROCESSING PROCESS FOR LINESEED |
| DE4041994B4 (en) * | 1990-12-27 | 2006-01-05 | Cimbria Sket Gmbh | Method and device for peeling fresh rapeseed |
| DE19937081C2 (en) * | 1999-08-06 | 2002-05-02 | Felix Horst Schneider | Process and device for producing edible oil from rapeseed |
| DE102016014735B4 (en) | 2016-12-12 | 2019-02-07 | Christian Schein | Processing of oilseed crops |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1692454A1 (en) * | 1966-02-01 | 1971-02-04 | Miag Muehlenbau & Ind Gmbh | Process and system for peeling sesame seeds |
-
1976
- 1976-08-05 DE DE19762635169 patent/DE2635169C2/en not_active Expired
-
1977
- 1977-07-12 SE SE7708072A patent/SE425746B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-07-29 PL PL19993477A patent/PL112720B1/en unknown
- 1977-08-02 CA CA283,852A patent/CA1062118A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-08-03 DD DD20042577A patent/DD131530A5/en unknown
- 1977-08-05 FR FR7724187A patent/FR2360349A1/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2635169A1 (en) | 1978-02-09 |
| PL112720B1 (en) | 1980-10-31 |
| DE2635169C2 (en) | 1983-04-07 |
| SE7708072L (en) | 1978-02-06 |
| FR2360349B1 (en) | 1982-06-04 |
| SE425746B (en) | 1982-11-01 |
| PL199934A1 (en) | 1978-03-13 |
| FR2360349A1 (en) | 1978-03-03 |
| DD131530A5 (en) | 1978-07-05 |
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