CA1046731A - Method of continuously casting steel strands, in particular slabs in a continuous casting plant - Google Patents
Method of continuously casting steel strands, in particular slabs in a continuous casting plantInfo
- Publication number
- CA1046731A CA1046731A CA211,591A CA211591A CA1046731A CA 1046731 A CA1046731 A CA 1046731A CA 211591 A CA211591 A CA 211591A CA 1046731 A CA1046731 A CA 1046731A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- casting
- strand
- temperature
- slag
- cooling zone
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
- B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
- B22D11/111—Treating the molten metal by using protecting powders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
- B22D11/124—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for cooling
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
There is disclosed a method of continuously casting steel strands, in particular slabs, in a continuous casting plant. The strand is withdrawn from a cooled, oscillating mold containing molten steel covered by a casting slag layer and is cooled further in a secondary cooling zone, The surface temperature of the steel strand in the secondary cooling zone, said temperature lying between 1250 and 800°C, and the softening temperature of the casting slag, said temperature lying between 1150 and 750°C, are coordinated in such a way that during the period in which the strand passes through the secondary cooling zone the entire strand surface has a temperature lying maximumly 150°C higher than the softening temperature of the casting slag, or in case the 150°-limit be exceeded, the period of excession lasts maximumly 2 minutes over the entire strand surface. By the method of the invention the danger of corrosion and thus the danger of crack formation is eliminated.
There is disclosed a method of continuously casting steel strands, in particular slabs, in a continuous casting plant. The strand is withdrawn from a cooled, oscillating mold containing molten steel covered by a casting slag layer and is cooled further in a secondary cooling zone, The surface temperature of the steel strand in the secondary cooling zone, said temperature lying between 1250 and 800°C, and the softening temperature of the casting slag, said temperature lying between 1150 and 750°C, are coordinated in such a way that during the period in which the strand passes through the secondary cooling zone the entire strand surface has a temperature lying maximumly 150°C higher than the softening temperature of the casting slag, or in case the 150°-limit be exceeded, the period of excession lasts maximumly 2 minutes over the entire strand surface. By the method of the invention the danger of corrosion and thus the danger of crack formation is eliminated.
Description
104673~
The invention relates to a method of continuously casting steel strands, in particular slabs, in a continuous casting plant, wherein the strand is withdrawn from a cooled, oscillating mold containing molten steel covered by a slag layer, respectively a casting powder layer, and is cooled further in a secondary cooling zone arranged to follow the mold.
In methods of this kind the casting slag is delivered between the mold and the ~orming strand skin. The casting slag adhering to the strand surface has been found to have disadvantageous effects in that it remains in the oscillation marks. Liquid phases of the slag penetrate between the grain boundaries of the solidified strand skin and lead to intergranUlar corrosion~ This causes the formation of transverse cracks which occur on the strand surface transversely in relation to the lowering direction of the strand. Prior to a further processing of the strand in the rolling mill the transverse cracks, which constitute~ surface defects, have to be eliminated by scarfing, which entails a loss of materialO
Often the voids in the strand sur~ace caused by the corrosion of the casting slag are so small - some tenths of a mm _ that they are not visible with the naked eye. They do, however, constitute dangerous points of weakness, which due to stress concentration may easily develop into severe surface defects, i.e. to up to 10 mm deep cracksO
For continuous casting various casting powders are known. Their main constituents in general are CaO, SiO2 and fluxing agents, such as fluor spar, soda and borax. In the slags resulting from the casting powders the softening temperatures above which liquid phases occur lie between q~
1~46731 750 and 1150C.
The surface temperature of the strand in the continuous casting plant is determined by the amount of cooling water sprayed onto the strand surface for cooling the strand. In the upper part of ffle secondary cooling zone, i.e. in the range below the mold, normally temperatures between 950 and 1250C are run. In the lower part of the secondary cooling zone a temperature lying between 800 and 1100C is ma~ntained. Normally the surface temperature of the strand is highest in the upper part of the secondary cooling zone and diminishes gradually towards the lower part.
When comparing the softening temperatures of the slags with the surface temperatures of the strand it becomes understandable that among many operating conditions occurring in practice it is possible that liquid slag having a relatively high temperature may act upon the strand surface for a considerably long period of time, in particular in the range of the oscillation marks, which then causes the surface defects.
The invention aims at avoiding the above mentioned disadvantages and difficulties and it is its ob~ect to coordinate the parameters of the method, in particular the temperature of the strand surface and the softening temperature of the slag in such a way that a corrosion attack caused by liquid, hot slag particles is avoided, respectively that the duration of their influence is kept within limits that are not dangerous.
Thus this invention seeks to provide in a method of continuously casting a steel strand, in particular a slab, in a continuous casting plant, the strand being withdrawn from a cooled, oscillating mold containing molten steel covered by a layer of casting powder and casting slag resulting from said casting powder, said casting powder and casting slag having a certain softening temperature and a certain chemical composition and said strand having a certain surface temperature being ~046731 further cooled in a secondary cooling zone arranged to follow the mold by applying a certain amount of cooling water onto said strand, the improvement comprising co-ordinating the surface temperature of the steel strand in the secondary cooling zone, said surface temperature lying between 1250 and 800 C, and the softening temperature of the casting powder and of the casting slag resulting from said casting powder, said softening temperature lying between 1150 and 750C, in such a way that during a period in which the strand passes through the secondary cooling zone the entire strand surface temperature shall not exceed a temperature that is 150C above the softening temperature of the casting slag for longer than 2 minutes.
Suitably the softening temperature of the casting powder or of the casting slag, respectively, may be adJusted by a variation of the chemical composition, in particular by a variation of the content of fluxing agents.
~he surface temperature of the cast steel strand can be regulated most easily by regulating the amount of cooling water.
Preferably several temperature measuring points are provided along the secondary cooling zone for currently measuring the surface temper-ature of the strand and in dependence thereof the amount of cooling water is regulated while maintaining the temperature limit and the limit of 104673~
t-hat period during which the cooling water touches the strand surface.
When following this procedure the danger of corrosion is eliminated, because the chemical attack with temperatures o~ the strand surface lying up to 150C above the softening temperature of the slag can still be considered non-criticalO
No weak points are caused which would lead to the formation of cracks. At these surface temperatures of the strand the slag phases are solid or so viscous that the grain boundaries are not yet attacked. I~ the surface temperature is higher than the given limit temperature the slag influence duration in the range of the secondary cooling zone may last maximumly 2 minutes without having to reckon with a dangerous corrosion, which as a consequence leads to the formation of cracks.
The method of the invention will now be illustrated in more detail with reference to the accompanying graph, in which there is plotted on the abscissa the softening temperature of the slag and on the ordinate the strand surface temperature.
The lines 1 and 2 delimit the range between 750 and 1150C, within which range there lie the softening temperatures of slags which result when using various casting powders.
The range of the surface temperatures of the strand in the casting plant between 800 and 1250C is delimited by the lines 3 and 5.
Field A is separated from field B by line 4. Line 4 corresponds to a temperature lying 150C above the so~tening temperature of the slag; it indicates that temperature at a certain point of the strand surface, above which at a slag influence duration of more than 2 minutes one has to reckon with cracks in the strand caused by corrosion.
1~46731 The softening temperature of the casting slag is suitably determined by taking slag samples from the mold, since the softening temperature of the casting powder and of the casting slag are normally not equal, because when the casting powder melts in the mold its chemical composition changes, wherein volatile constituents escape and deoxidation products are received. The softening temperature is usually determined according to DIN 51730~
The surface temperature of the strand in the casting plant may be measured in various ways, e.g. pyrometrically.
The coordination of the strand surface temperature with the slag softening temperature or vice versa does not constitute any problem in practice. The strand surface temperature may be set over a relatively wide range; if the softening temperature of the slag is used as a standard size one can choose the suitable casting powder from the large variety of commercially available casting powders having different sotening temperatures, or one can with a given casting powder vary the softening temperature by adding fluxing agentsO
The method of the invention is of great advantage particularly in the casting o~ slabs having a width of more than 800 mm, as said slabs are especially liable to transverse cracks. The reason for it lies in the fact that with larger strand widths higher tensions occur in the strand skin than with smaller strand widths. As has been mentioned before the tensions promote the chemical attack. The method of the invention is suited for casting alloyed and unalloyed steelsO
The method of the invention and its advantages as against the known method will now be illustrated by the ~ollowing example.
In a continuous slab casting plant 50 metric tons of steel were cast, which had been melted in an hD melting pot and which had the following composition:
C Si ~ P S ~1 ~05 ~05 ~35 ~013 oO17 ~035 J~
The casting plant had a straight moldO The strand was bent to form an arc in a bending zone and was guided into the horizontal in a straightening zone. The mold had Ihe dimensions 1300 x 225 mm. The lowering speed was 1.2 m/minO In the tundish the steel had a temperature of 1 555C~ From the tundish the steel was passed into the mold using immersion tubes. Onto the casting level in the mold casting powder having the following chemical composition was applied.
Fe23 MnO SiO2 A123 MgO CaO Na20
The invention relates to a method of continuously casting steel strands, in particular slabs, in a continuous casting plant, wherein the strand is withdrawn from a cooled, oscillating mold containing molten steel covered by a slag layer, respectively a casting powder layer, and is cooled further in a secondary cooling zone arranged to follow the mold.
In methods of this kind the casting slag is delivered between the mold and the ~orming strand skin. The casting slag adhering to the strand surface has been found to have disadvantageous effects in that it remains in the oscillation marks. Liquid phases of the slag penetrate between the grain boundaries of the solidified strand skin and lead to intergranUlar corrosion~ This causes the formation of transverse cracks which occur on the strand surface transversely in relation to the lowering direction of the strand. Prior to a further processing of the strand in the rolling mill the transverse cracks, which constitute~ surface defects, have to be eliminated by scarfing, which entails a loss of materialO
Often the voids in the strand sur~ace caused by the corrosion of the casting slag are so small - some tenths of a mm _ that they are not visible with the naked eye. They do, however, constitute dangerous points of weakness, which due to stress concentration may easily develop into severe surface defects, i.e. to up to 10 mm deep cracksO
For continuous casting various casting powders are known. Their main constituents in general are CaO, SiO2 and fluxing agents, such as fluor spar, soda and borax. In the slags resulting from the casting powders the softening temperatures above which liquid phases occur lie between q~
1~46731 750 and 1150C.
The surface temperature of the strand in the continuous casting plant is determined by the amount of cooling water sprayed onto the strand surface for cooling the strand. In the upper part of ffle secondary cooling zone, i.e. in the range below the mold, normally temperatures between 950 and 1250C are run. In the lower part of the secondary cooling zone a temperature lying between 800 and 1100C is ma~ntained. Normally the surface temperature of the strand is highest in the upper part of the secondary cooling zone and diminishes gradually towards the lower part.
When comparing the softening temperatures of the slags with the surface temperatures of the strand it becomes understandable that among many operating conditions occurring in practice it is possible that liquid slag having a relatively high temperature may act upon the strand surface for a considerably long period of time, in particular in the range of the oscillation marks, which then causes the surface defects.
The invention aims at avoiding the above mentioned disadvantages and difficulties and it is its ob~ect to coordinate the parameters of the method, in particular the temperature of the strand surface and the softening temperature of the slag in such a way that a corrosion attack caused by liquid, hot slag particles is avoided, respectively that the duration of their influence is kept within limits that are not dangerous.
Thus this invention seeks to provide in a method of continuously casting a steel strand, in particular a slab, in a continuous casting plant, the strand being withdrawn from a cooled, oscillating mold containing molten steel covered by a layer of casting powder and casting slag resulting from said casting powder, said casting powder and casting slag having a certain softening temperature and a certain chemical composition and said strand having a certain surface temperature being ~046731 further cooled in a secondary cooling zone arranged to follow the mold by applying a certain amount of cooling water onto said strand, the improvement comprising co-ordinating the surface temperature of the steel strand in the secondary cooling zone, said surface temperature lying between 1250 and 800 C, and the softening temperature of the casting powder and of the casting slag resulting from said casting powder, said softening temperature lying between 1150 and 750C, in such a way that during a period in which the strand passes through the secondary cooling zone the entire strand surface temperature shall not exceed a temperature that is 150C above the softening temperature of the casting slag for longer than 2 minutes.
Suitably the softening temperature of the casting powder or of the casting slag, respectively, may be adJusted by a variation of the chemical composition, in particular by a variation of the content of fluxing agents.
~he surface temperature of the cast steel strand can be regulated most easily by regulating the amount of cooling water.
Preferably several temperature measuring points are provided along the secondary cooling zone for currently measuring the surface temper-ature of the strand and in dependence thereof the amount of cooling water is regulated while maintaining the temperature limit and the limit of 104673~
t-hat period during which the cooling water touches the strand surface.
When following this procedure the danger of corrosion is eliminated, because the chemical attack with temperatures o~ the strand surface lying up to 150C above the softening temperature of the slag can still be considered non-criticalO
No weak points are caused which would lead to the formation of cracks. At these surface temperatures of the strand the slag phases are solid or so viscous that the grain boundaries are not yet attacked. I~ the surface temperature is higher than the given limit temperature the slag influence duration in the range of the secondary cooling zone may last maximumly 2 minutes without having to reckon with a dangerous corrosion, which as a consequence leads to the formation of cracks.
The method of the invention will now be illustrated in more detail with reference to the accompanying graph, in which there is plotted on the abscissa the softening temperature of the slag and on the ordinate the strand surface temperature.
The lines 1 and 2 delimit the range between 750 and 1150C, within which range there lie the softening temperatures of slags which result when using various casting powders.
The range of the surface temperatures of the strand in the casting plant between 800 and 1250C is delimited by the lines 3 and 5.
Field A is separated from field B by line 4. Line 4 corresponds to a temperature lying 150C above the so~tening temperature of the slag; it indicates that temperature at a certain point of the strand surface, above which at a slag influence duration of more than 2 minutes one has to reckon with cracks in the strand caused by corrosion.
1~46731 The softening temperature of the casting slag is suitably determined by taking slag samples from the mold, since the softening temperature of the casting powder and of the casting slag are normally not equal, because when the casting powder melts in the mold its chemical composition changes, wherein volatile constituents escape and deoxidation products are received. The softening temperature is usually determined according to DIN 51730~
The surface temperature of the strand in the casting plant may be measured in various ways, e.g. pyrometrically.
The coordination of the strand surface temperature with the slag softening temperature or vice versa does not constitute any problem in practice. The strand surface temperature may be set over a relatively wide range; if the softening temperature of the slag is used as a standard size one can choose the suitable casting powder from the large variety of commercially available casting powders having different sotening temperatures, or one can with a given casting powder vary the softening temperature by adding fluxing agentsO
The method of the invention is of great advantage particularly in the casting o~ slabs having a width of more than 800 mm, as said slabs are especially liable to transverse cracks. The reason for it lies in the fact that with larger strand widths higher tensions occur in the strand skin than with smaller strand widths. As has been mentioned before the tensions promote the chemical attack. The method of the invention is suited for casting alloyed and unalloyed steelsO
The method of the invention and its advantages as against the known method will now be illustrated by the ~ollowing example.
In a continuous slab casting plant 50 metric tons of steel were cast, which had been melted in an hD melting pot and which had the following composition:
C Si ~ P S ~1 ~05 ~05 ~35 ~013 oO17 ~035 J~
The casting plant had a straight moldO The strand was bent to form an arc in a bending zone and was guided into the horizontal in a straightening zone. The mold had Ihe dimensions 1300 x 225 mm. The lowering speed was 1.2 m/minO In the tundish the steel had a temperature of 1 555C~ From the tundish the steel was passed into the mold using immersion tubes. Onto the casting level in the mold casting powder having the following chemical composition was applied.
Fe23 MnO SiO2 A123 MgO CaO Na20
2 ~36 0~05 27072 1.38 0096 26 ~35 8 .20 ~2 CaF2 C(total) ignition loss B2o3 0~40 10~80 4~42 12.26 4~19 %
From the mold a slag sample was taken, whose chemical composition was the following:
Fe23 MnO SiO2 Al23 MgO CaO Na20 1~70 0~10 31~80 11.20 1022 29.38 7.20 K20 CaF2 C(total) ignition loss B2o3 0~90 10~19 1~20 100 2045 %
The softening temperature of the slag was 985C according 30 to DIN 51 730o The watex used for cooling the strand in the 1t~4673~
secondary cooling zone was applied onto the strand by means of ~lat spray nozzles~ The amount of cooling water used was 0.7 l/kg of steel. For 4 minutes the strand was exposed to a temperature between 1135 and 1170C over a strand length of 5 m.
In this method of operation both the 150-temperature limit and the maximum exceeding duration of 2 minutes suggested by the method of the invention were exceeded. As a consequence thereof cracks occurred in the oscillation marks of the slabs produced, which cracks had to be eliminated by scarfing entailing a loss of 3~.
In contrast thereto slabs were cast as previously described Prom steel of the same composition on the same plant at the same casting temperature and at the same lowering speed, wherein while using the same casting powder with the same softening temperature of the slag cooling was increased by spraying an amount of cooling water of 0.75 l/
kg of steel onto the strand. Th~reby the highest temperature of the strand surface came to lie at 1125C, which lies below the critical 150-temperature limit. The slabs obtained were free from cracks and did not require scarfing.
From the mold a slag sample was taken, whose chemical composition was the following:
Fe23 MnO SiO2 Al23 MgO CaO Na20 1~70 0~10 31~80 11.20 1022 29.38 7.20 K20 CaF2 C(total) ignition loss B2o3 0~90 10~19 1~20 100 2045 %
The softening temperature of the slag was 985C according 30 to DIN 51 730o The watex used for cooling the strand in the 1t~4673~
secondary cooling zone was applied onto the strand by means of ~lat spray nozzles~ The amount of cooling water used was 0.7 l/kg of steel. For 4 minutes the strand was exposed to a temperature between 1135 and 1170C over a strand length of 5 m.
In this method of operation both the 150-temperature limit and the maximum exceeding duration of 2 minutes suggested by the method of the invention were exceeded. As a consequence thereof cracks occurred in the oscillation marks of the slabs produced, which cracks had to be eliminated by scarfing entailing a loss of 3~.
In contrast thereto slabs were cast as previously described Prom steel of the same composition on the same plant at the same casting temperature and at the same lowering speed, wherein while using the same casting powder with the same softening temperature of the slag cooling was increased by spraying an amount of cooling water of 0.75 l/
kg of steel onto the strand. Th~reby the highest temperature of the strand surface came to lie at 1125C, which lies below the critical 150-temperature limit. The slabs obtained were free from cracks and did not require scarfing.
Claims (6)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. In a method of continuously casting a steel strand, in particular a slab, in a continuous casting plant, the strand being withdrawn from a cooled, oscillating mold containing molten steel covered by a layer of casting powder and casting slag resulting from said casting powder, said casting pow-der and casting slag having a certain softening temperature and a certain chemical composition and said strand having a certain surface temperature being further cooled in a secondary cooling zone arranged to follow the mold by applying a certain amount of colling water onto said strand, the improvement comprising co-ordinating the surface temperature of the steel strand in the secondary cooling zone, said surface temperature lying between 1250 and 800°C, and the softening temperature of the casting powder and of the casting slag resulting from said casting powder, said softening temperature lying between 1150 and 750°C, in such a way that during a period in which the strand passes through the secondary cooling zone the entire strand surface temperature shall not exceed a temperature that is 150°C above the softening temperature of the casting slag for longer than 2 minutes.
2. The method set forth in claim 1 wherein whilst passing through the secondary cooling zone the entire strand surface temperature is less than 150°C above the softening temperature of the casting slag.
3. The method set forth in claim 1, wherein the softening temperature of the casting powder and of the casting slag resulting from said casting powder is adjusted by varying its chemical composition.
4. The method set forth in claim 1, wherein the softening temperature of the casting powder and of the casting slag resulting from said casting powder is adjusted by varying its content of fluxing agents.
5. The method set forth in claim 1, wherein the surface temperature of the steel strand is controlled by regulating the amount of cooling water.
6. The method set forth in claim 1, wherein a plurality of measuring points is provided along the secondary cooling zone for currently measuring the surface temperature of the strand and wherein in dependence upon said surface temperature the amount of cooling water is regulated while maintain-ing the temperature limit and the limit of that period during which the cooling water touches the strand surface.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT938873A AT330389B (en) | 1973-11-08 | 1973-11-08 | PROCESS FOR CONTINUOUS CASTING OF STEEL BARS, IN PARTICULAR SLABS, IN A CONTINUOUS CASTING PLANT |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1046731A true CA1046731A (en) | 1979-01-23 |
Family
ID=3613723
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA211,591A Expired CA1046731A (en) | 1973-11-08 | 1974-10-17 | Method of continuously casting steel strands, in particular slabs in a continuous casting plant |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5075525A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT330389B (en) |
| BE (1) | BE821823A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7409351A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1046731A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH574782A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2449812A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES431626A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2250595B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1479745A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1021764B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE396707B (en) |
| SU (1) | SU534175A3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5680367A (en) | 1979-12-06 | 1981-07-01 | Nippon Steel Corp | Restraining method of cracking in b-containing steel continuous casting ingot |
| AT399463B (en) * | 1987-03-03 | 1995-05-26 | Inteco Int Techn Beratung | METHOD FOR CONTINUOUSLY CASTING ELECTRIC STEEL AND ALLOYS |
| CN108393456B (en) * | 2017-02-05 | 2019-10-29 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | A kind of Q345B slab continuous casting billet structure control method |
| CN113857448B (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-02-22 | 东北大学 | Low-alkalinity coating-free protective slag for continuous casting of hot forming steel |
-
1973
- 1973-11-08 AT AT938873A patent/AT330389B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1974
- 1974-10-03 SE SE7412443A patent/SE396707B/en unknown
- 1974-10-09 JP JP49115697A patent/JPS5075525A/ja active Pending
- 1974-10-11 IT IT53475/74A patent/IT1021764B/en active
- 1974-10-15 CH CH1383174A patent/CH574782A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-10-17 CA CA211,591A patent/CA1046731A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-10-19 DE DE19742449812 patent/DE2449812A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1974-10-29 FR FR7436102A patent/FR2250595B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1974-11-04 ES ES431626A patent/ES431626A1/en not_active Expired
- 1974-11-04 BE BE150185A patent/BE821823A/en unknown
- 1974-11-06 SU SU2078666A patent/SU534175A3/en active
- 1974-11-07 BR BR9351/74A patent/BR7409351A/en unknown
- 1974-11-07 GB GB48308/74A patent/GB1479745A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES431626A1 (en) | 1976-11-01 |
| BR7409351A (en) | 1976-05-18 |
| GB1479745A (en) | 1977-07-13 |
| CH574782A5 (en) | 1976-04-30 |
| BE821823A (en) | 1975-03-03 |
| JPS5075525A (en) | 1975-06-20 |
| SU534175A3 (en) | 1976-10-30 |
| IT1021764B (en) | 1978-02-20 |
| AT330389B (en) | 1976-06-25 |
| DE2449812A1 (en) | 1975-05-15 |
| SE7412443L (en) | 1975-05-09 |
| ATA938873A (en) | 1975-09-15 |
| SE396707B (en) | 1977-10-03 |
| FR2250595B1 (en) | 1980-08-08 |
| FR2250595A1 (en) | 1975-06-06 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| AU2008249238B2 (en) | Casting steel strip | |
| CA1046731A (en) | Method of continuously casting steel strands, in particular slabs in a continuous casting plant | |
| US3567432A (en) | Metal casting | |
| JP2007275903A (en) | Method for casting stainless steel or high alloy steel | |
| JPH02220749A (en) | Initial stage casting method in continuous casting of stainless steel | |
| CA1142761A (en) | Process for the treatment of boron-containing steel | |
| CA1036471A (en) | Method of continuously casting steel | |
| FI60509C (en) | FOERFARANDE FOER KONTINUERLIG GJUTNING AV STAOL | |
| US3908744A (en) | Method of continuously casting wide slabs, in particular slabs wider than 1000 mm | |
| US3940976A (en) | Method of determining the suitability of continuously cast slabs of Al- or Al-Si-killed soft steel for producing cold rolled sheets to be tinned | |
| JPH0464767B2 (en) | ||
| JPH0660369B2 (en) | Cr-Ni type stainless steel that is less likely to crack during the casting process or the subsequent hot rolling process | |
| US20100018665A1 (en) | Process for producing a steel strip | |
| JPS5633156A (en) | Preventing method of surface crack formation in continuously cast slab | |
| JPS6344464B2 (en) | ||
| DE2500848A1 (en) | PROCESS FOR CONTINUOUS CASTING OF STEEL BARS | |
| JP6699345B2 (en) | Mold flux for continuous casting and steel continuous casting method using the same | |
| SU692673A1 (en) | Killed steel casting method | |
| KR100244642B1 (en) | Method for preventing stop-up of tundish nozzle | |
| EP0951958B1 (en) | Process for the continuous casting of steel | |
| JPH02213446A (en) | Machine-cutting soft steel and its manufacture | |
| JPS6353902B2 (en) | ||
| DE1812917C (en) | Slag powder as an additive when casting titanium alloy steels in molds | |
| SU582053A1 (en) | Slag-forming mixture for steel casting | |
| SU889717A1 (en) | Method of steel smelting |