BRPI0509940A - sistema catalìtico inteligente de espectroscopia combinatorial operando - Google Patents
sistema catalìtico inteligente de espectroscopia combinatorial operandoInfo
- Publication number
- BRPI0509940A BRPI0509940A BRPI0509940-4A BRPI0509940A BRPI0509940A BR PI0509940 A BRPI0509940 A BR PI0509940A BR PI0509940 A BRPI0509940 A BR PI0509940A BR PI0509940 A BRPI0509940 A BR PI0509940A
- Authority
- BR
- Brazil
- Prior art keywords
- materials
- catalytic
- system operating
- combinatorial
- spectroscopy system
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 title abstract 3
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/557—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor using kinetic measurement, i.e. time rate of progress of an antigen-antibody interaction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0046—Sequential or parallel reactions, e.g. for the synthesis of polypeptides or polynucleotides; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making molecular arrays
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/33—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using ultraviolet light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/65—Raman scattering
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/573—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for enzymes or isoenzymes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/00277—Apparatus
- B01J2219/00279—Features relating to reactor vessels
- B01J2219/00281—Individual reactor vessels
- B01J2219/00286—Reactor vessels with top and bottom openings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/00277—Apparatus
- B01J2219/00279—Features relating to reactor vessels
- B01J2219/00306—Reactor vessels in a multiple arrangement
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/00277—Apparatus
- B01J2219/00351—Means for dispensing and evacuation of reagents
- B01J2219/00389—Feeding through valves
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/00277—Apparatus
- B01J2219/00351—Means for dispensing and evacuation of reagents
- B01J2219/00389—Feeding through valves
- B01J2219/00391—Rotary valves
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/00583—Features relative to the processes being carried out
- B01J2219/00585—Parallel processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/00583—Features relative to the processes being carried out
- B01J2219/00596—Solid-phase processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/0068—Means for controlling the apparatus of the process
- B01J2219/00686—Automatic
- B01J2219/00689—Automatic using computers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/0068—Means for controlling the apparatus of the process
- B01J2219/00702—Processes involving means for analysing and characterising the products
- B01J2219/00704—Processes involving means for analysing and characterising the products integrated with the reactor apparatus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/00718—Type of compounds synthesised
- B01J2219/00745—Inorganic compounds
- B01J2219/00747—Catalysts
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By The Use Of Chemical Reactions (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
Abstract
SISTEMA CATALìTICO INTELIGENTE DE ESPECTROSCOPIA COMBINATORIAL OPERANDO Um dispositivo e um processo combinatório são divulgados para a proteção de uma variedade de materiais catalíticos simultaneamente à determinação do volume dinâmico e da natureza de superfície dos materiais de catalisador, sendo protegidos sob informação mecânica e cinética química de superfície e condições de reação para determinar a relação de estrutura-atividade/seletividade dos materiais de catalisador, e para coleção de informações nas estruturas dinâmicas dos materiais de catalisador bem como das espécies de superfície. O processo de descobrimento de materiais novos podem, desse modo, ser acelerado, os custos associados podem ser reduzidos, e a informação pode também conduzir ao desenvolvimento de materiais melhorados e avançados.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US56188004P | 2004-04-14 | 2004-04-14 | |
PCT/US2005/012408 WO2005100993A2 (en) | 2004-04-14 | 2005-04-14 | Smart combinatorial operando spectroscopy catalytic system |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
BRPI0509940A true BRPI0509940A (pt) | 2007-09-25 |
Family
ID=35150592
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
BRPI0509940-4A BRPI0509940A (pt) | 2004-04-14 | 2005-04-14 | sistema catalìtico inteligente de espectroscopia combinatorial operando |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20070243556A1 (pt) |
EP (1) | EP1745118A4 (pt) |
JP (1) | JP2007532912A (pt) |
CN (1) | CN101001944A (pt) |
AU (1) | AU2005234067A1 (pt) |
BR (1) | BRPI0509940A (pt) |
CA (1) | CA2562838A1 (pt) |
MX (1) | MXPA06011963A (pt) |
NO (1) | NO20065132L (pt) |
RU (1) | RU2006140085A (pt) |
WO (1) | WO2005100993A2 (pt) |
ZA (1) | ZA200609417B (pt) |
Families Citing this family (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2865821B1 (fr) * | 2004-01-30 | 2006-07-21 | Novalyst Discovery | Procede utile pour caracteriser la reactivite catalytique de catalyseur(s) |
US8735820B2 (en) * | 2010-04-09 | 2014-05-27 | Tesoro Refining And Marketing Company | Direct match spectrographic determination of fuel properties |
US9709545B2 (en) | 2015-07-23 | 2017-07-18 | Tesoro Refining & Marketing Company LLC | Methods and apparatuses for spectral qualification of fuel properties |
US10696906B2 (en) | 2017-09-29 | 2020-06-30 | Marathon Petroleum Company Lp | Tower bottoms coke catching device |
CN108562517B (zh) * | 2018-06-01 | 2019-10-08 | 清华大学 | 一种测试固体电解质中离子扩散系数的方法 |
JP2021528990A (ja) | 2018-07-06 | 2021-10-28 | ミリトロニック カンパニー リミテッドMillitronic Co., Ltd. | 食品の酸化速度を加速するシステム及び方法 |
US12000720B2 (en) | 2018-09-10 | 2024-06-04 | Marathon Petroleum Company Lp | Product inventory monitoring |
US11975316B2 (en) | 2019-05-09 | 2024-05-07 | Marathon Petroleum Company Lp | Methods and reforming systems for re-dispersing platinum on reforming catalyst |
CA3109675A1 (en) | 2020-02-19 | 2021-08-19 | Marathon Petroleum Company Lp | Low sulfur fuel oil blends for stability enhancement and associated methods |
CN112782075B (zh) * | 2020-12-29 | 2022-02-25 | 清华大学 | 光热热电催化剂信号检测系统和方法、及催化反应设备 |
US20220268694A1 (en) | 2021-02-25 | 2022-08-25 | Marathon Petroleum Company Lp | Methods and assemblies for determining and using standardized spectral responses for calibration of spectroscopic analyzers |
US11898109B2 (en) | 2021-02-25 | 2024-02-13 | Marathon Petroleum Company Lp | Assemblies and methods for enhancing control of hydrotreating and fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) processes using spectroscopic analyzers |
US11905468B2 (en) | 2021-02-25 | 2024-02-20 | Marathon Petroleum Company Lp | Assemblies and methods for enhancing control of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) processes using spectroscopic analyzers |
US11692141B2 (en) | 2021-10-10 | 2023-07-04 | Marathon Petroleum Company Lp | Methods and systems for enhancing processing of hydrocarbons in a fluid catalytic cracking unit using a renewable additive |
CA3188122A1 (en) | 2022-01-31 | 2023-07-31 | Marathon Petroleum Company Lp | Systems and methods for reducing rendered fats pour point |
CN115849890B (zh) * | 2022-11-25 | 2023-08-08 | 东北大学 | 一种五氧化二钒/氧化钙扩散偶的制备方法 |
CN116562059B (zh) * | 2023-07-10 | 2023-09-08 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心计算空气动力研究所 | 一种基于映射的高超声速飞行表面催化反应模型构建方法 |
Family Cites Families (30)
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CN1036192C (zh) * | 1994-01-12 | 1997-10-22 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 腈的生产方法 |
US5985356A (en) * | 1994-10-18 | 1999-11-16 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Combinatorial synthesis of novel materials |
US6440745B1 (en) * | 1994-10-18 | 2002-08-27 | Symyx Technologies | Combinatorial synthesis and screening of organometallic compounds and catalysts |
US6419881B1 (en) * | 1994-10-18 | 2002-07-16 | Symyx Technologies, Inc. | Combinatorial arrays of organometallic compounds and catalysts |
US6063633A (en) * | 1996-02-28 | 2000-05-16 | The University Of Houston | Catalyst testing process and apparatus |
WO1998015813A1 (en) * | 1996-10-09 | 1998-04-16 | Symyx Technologies | Infrared spectroscopy and imaging of libraries |
US5841139A (en) * | 1997-02-28 | 1998-11-24 | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | Optical instrument providing combined infrared and Ramen analysis of samples |
US6151123A (en) * | 1997-07-14 | 2000-11-21 | Symyx Technologies, Inc. | Systems and methods for employing optical probes to characterize material properties |
US6519032B1 (en) * | 1998-04-03 | 2003-02-11 | Symyx Technologies, Inc. | Fiber optic apparatus and use thereof in combinatorial material science |
US6548026B1 (en) * | 1998-08-13 | 2003-04-15 | Symyx Technologies, Inc. | Parallel reactor with internal sensing and method of using same |
US6535284B1 (en) * | 1998-10-19 | 2003-03-18 | Symyx Technologies, Inc. | Rheo-optical indexer and method of screening and characterizing arrays of materials |
US6485692B1 (en) * | 1998-12-04 | 2002-11-26 | Symyx Technologies, Inc. | Continuous feed parallel reactor |
JP3959459B2 (ja) * | 1998-12-25 | 2007-08-15 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | 触媒性能評価装置 |
US6602714B1 (en) * | 1999-11-09 | 2003-08-05 | Sri International | Viscosity and mass sensor for the high-throughput synthesis, screening and characterization of combinatorial libraries |
US6627445B1 (en) * | 1999-12-15 | 2003-09-30 | Uop Llc | Process for simultaneously evaluating a plurality of catalysts |
US6576196B1 (en) * | 1999-12-15 | 2003-06-10 | Uop Llc | Multiple parallel catalytic reactor assembly |
DE10012847A1 (de) * | 2000-03-16 | 2001-09-27 | Hte Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur kombinatorischen Herstellung und Testung von Materialbibliotheken durch Anwendung mindestens zweier Analysemethoden |
US6558624B1 (en) * | 2000-07-25 | 2003-05-06 | General Electric Company | Method and analytical system for rapid screening of combinatorial libraries |
US6647342B2 (en) * | 2000-08-07 | 2003-11-11 | Novodynamics, Inc. | Knowledge-based process for the development of materials |
DE10042871A1 (de) * | 2000-08-31 | 2002-05-16 | Hte Ag The High Throughput Exp | Dreidimensionale Materialbibliothek und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer dreidimensionalen Materialbibliothek |
US6692708B2 (en) * | 2001-04-05 | 2004-02-17 | Symyx Technologies, Inc. | Parallel reactor for sampling and conducting in situ flow-through reactions and a method of using same |
DE10132252B4 (de) * | 2001-07-04 | 2007-04-19 | Basf Ag | Vorrichtung zur Durchführung von katalytischen Tests |
US6808685B2 (en) * | 2001-09-17 | 2004-10-26 | Uop Llc | Apparatus and method for generating a plurality of isolated effluents |
US6901334B2 (en) * | 2001-12-17 | 2005-05-31 | Rohm And Haas Company | Methods and systems for high throughput analysis |
US7033542B2 (en) * | 2002-02-14 | 2006-04-25 | Archibald William B | High throughput screening with parallel vibrational spectroscopy |
US20030162179A1 (en) * | 2002-02-27 | 2003-08-28 | General Electric Company | Fabrication, performance testing, and screening of three dimensional arrays of materials |
US20040002162A1 (en) * | 2002-06-27 | 2004-01-01 | Leugers Mary Anne | Transmission infrared spectroscopy array and method |
DE10242857B4 (de) * | 2002-09-14 | 2005-07-21 | AMTEC-Anwendungszentrum für Mikrotechnologien Chemnitz GmbH | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur parallelisierten Prüfung von Feststoffen |
US6846201B2 (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2005-01-25 | The Boeing Company | Electrical cable clamping method and apparatus |
WO2005017502A1 (en) * | 2003-07-28 | 2005-02-24 | Symyx Technologies, Inc. | Parallel infrared spectroscopy apparatus and method |
-
2005
- 2005-04-14 WO PCT/US2005/012408 patent/WO2005100993A2/en active Application Filing
- 2005-04-14 MX MXPA06011963A patent/MXPA06011963A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-04-14 AU AU2005234067A patent/AU2005234067A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-04-14 RU RU2006140085/28A patent/RU2006140085A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-04-14 CA CA002562838A patent/CA2562838A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-04-14 EP EP05745394A patent/EP1745118A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-04-14 US US11/098,775 patent/US20070243556A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-04-14 CN CNA200580019467XA patent/CN101001944A/zh active Pending
- 2005-04-14 JP JP2007508474A patent/JP2007532912A/ja active Pending
- 2005-04-14 ZA ZA200609417A patent/ZA200609417B/en unknown
- 2005-04-14 BR BRPI0509940-4A patent/BRPI0509940A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2006
- 2006-11-07 NO NO20065132A patent/NO20065132L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO20065132L (no) | 2007-01-11 |
WO2005100993A3 (en) | 2006-05-04 |
RU2006140085A (ru) | 2008-05-20 |
JP2007532912A (ja) | 2007-11-15 |
EP1745118A2 (en) | 2007-01-24 |
CA2562838A1 (en) | 2005-10-27 |
CN101001944A (zh) | 2007-07-18 |
ZA200609417B (en) | 2008-05-28 |
AU2005234067A1 (en) | 2005-10-27 |
WO2005100993A2 (en) | 2005-10-27 |
MXPA06011963A (es) | 2007-03-26 |
US20070243556A1 (en) | 2007-10-18 |
EP1745118A4 (en) | 2009-01-21 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
B11A | Dismissal acc. art.33 of ipl - examination not requested within 36 months of filing | ||
B11Y | Definitive dismissal - extension of time limit for request of examination expired [chapter 11.1.1 patent gazette] |