BR202020025796U2 - ANATOMICAL MANEQUINMENT OF JAW AND JAW FOR DENTAL STUDIES - Google Patents

Abstract

ANATOMICAL MANEQUINMENT OF JAW AND JAW FOR DENTAL STUDIES. The present patent presents an anatomical mannequin of the mandible and maxilla for dental studies with a vast wealth of anatomical details where teachers and students will be able to perform various practical procedures hitherto impossible by current mannequins on the market. In the maxilla, teachers and students will be able to identify the greater palatine foramina, nasopalatine, alveolar processes, bilateral maxillary sinus cavity, anterior nasal spine, teeth with crowns and roots with natural anatomy. In the mandible, you will be able to see the inferior alveolar nerve canal, mental foramen with the presence of a nerve attached to the gingiva at the exit of the foramen, alveolar process, teeth with natural anatomy of crown and root (all teeth have a special lock that allows their fixation, without the need for screws), tongue made of soft silicone with a texture similar to human skin, it will also have simulation of 3 (three) types of lesions: 1 erosive on the right lateral border; 1 sessium on the back and 1 pedicle on the left edge near the apex. Both the tongue and gingiva can be subjected to incisions and sutures. The maxilla and mandible are made of polyurethane resin that provide a very similar appearance to bone. For this reason, they allow wear to be performed (osteotomy simulation). On this mannequin, you can perform procedures from several disciplines using just one.

Description

ANATOMICAL MANEQUINMENT OF JAW AND JAW FOR DENTAL STUDIES

[001] The Dental Mannequin presented in the present patent, is constituted by a joint integrated to the anatomical model, with format and measures of the mandible and maxilla compatible with the human reality in visual and tactile aspect.

[002] The model has 32 teeth made of resin (Figure 01) with an anatomical and radiographic appearance (if submitted to radiological examination) compatible with human reality. In the kit with the teeth, 02 random units with root canal filled (also visible to the radiological study) are included.

PROBLEM THAT THE INVENTION IS PROPOSED TO SOLVE

[003] Current mannequins are very limited for theoretical and practical learning due to the material they are made of and the lack of anatomical details in their structures, so there is great difficulty for the student to use them for other purposes, and leaves -o limited to only performing 3 types of procedure: cavity preparation for restorations; removal of dental calculus (scaling of tartar) and some preparations for fixed prostheses.

[004] The present patent comes with the proposal to solve the problems of the mannequins that already exist, providing professors and undergraduate and graduate students with a mannequin made of material that resembles bone and with a wealth of anatomical details in its structures that will provide teachers and students with the performance of several multidisciplinary procedures from cavity preparations to more complex procedures.

FIELD OF OPERATION

[005] The present patent meets the need of the dentistry area, mainly for students, professors and technicians of graduation and post-graduation.

STATUS OF THE TECHNIQUE

[006] Currently there are several brands in the world market, among them there is the

[007] - Dentart/BR;

[008] - MOM/BR;

[009] - Pronew/BR;

[010] - JM Manequins/BR;

[011] - FANTO/BR;

[012] - COLUMBIA Dentoform/USA/India;

[013] - PHANTOM/China;

[014] - FRAZACO/Germany;

[015] - HANIL/South Korea;

[016] - BilKin/Turkey;

[017] - NAVADHA/India;

[018] - ORAL Manequim/BR;

[019] - National Bones/BR.

[020] But all of them are very similar to each other in form, function and materials in which they are made.

[021] All are made of resin or injected plastics (thermoplastics).

[022] An important observation in the state of the art is that the mannequins of Orais Manequim/BR have some that can be handled for other purposes, but do not have anatomical details and a specific mannequin is required for each procedure.

[023] The Nacional Ossos/BR are mannequins that have a lot of fidelity in structural and tactile form, but they are made in a way that their size does not allow adaptation in the simulators (dolls) existing in educational institutions. And your teeth are not removable, therefore it is not possible to replace them. Like the previous brand, a specific dummy is required for each procedure to be performed.

[024] Another important observation is that none of these mannequins mentioned comes with the tongue.

[025] The patent requested here brings the difference from the material for making its structures to the procedures to be performed on it, taking into account the wealth of anatomical details that teachers and students will visualize for better execution of practical procedures.

[026] In the maxilla: teachers and students will be able to identify the greater palatine foramina, nasopalatine, alveolar processes, bilateral maxillary sinus cavity, anterior nasal spine, teeth with crowns and roots with natural anatomy.

[027] In the mandible: teachers and students will be able to visualize the inferior alveolar nerve canal, mental foramen with the presence of nerve attached to the gingiva at the exit of the foramen, alveolar process, teeth with natural anatomy of crown and root (all teeth have a special lock that allows their fixation, without the need for screws), tongue made of soft silicone with a texture similar to human skin, it will also have simulation of 3 (three) types of lesions: 1 erosive on the right side edge; 1 sessium on the dorsum and 1 pedicle on the left edge near the apex.

[028] Both the tongue and the gum can be subjected to incisions and sutures.

[029] The maxilla and mandible are made of polyurethane resin that provide a very similar appearance to the bone. For this reason, they allow wear to be performed (osteotomy simulation). Teachers and students will be able to visualize the impacted and impacted 3rd molars.

[030] On this mannequin, you can perform procedures from several disciplines using just one.

[031] The teeth are made of epoxy resin, with that they present themselves with color and hardness similar to the natural one.

[032] All the structures of the mannequin are replicated in special forms developed by its creator.

[033] DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

[034] Figure 01 - Presents 32 teeth made of resin with an anatomical and radiographic appearance (if submitted to radiological examination) compatible with human reality, where (1) Tooth 13 with canal filling material, (2) Tooth 11 with filling material of channel and (3) Lock not existent in the natural.

[035] Figure 02 - Shows the upper view of the mandible showing alveolar processes and lower view of the mandible, where drawing A has (1) Mandible lingula, (2) Mandibular foramen, (3) Mandible base not existing in the natural and (4) Interradicular septum. In drawing B it has (5) Root access holes.

[036] Figure 03 - Shows a perspective view of the mandible, where (1) coronoid process, (2) alveolar process, (3) alveolar crest with interalveolar septum, (4) mental protuberance, (5) mental foramen, (6) ) oblique line, (7) spring support screw, (8) joint cavity, (9) mandibular canal, (10) condylar process, and (11) joint device not found in human anatomy.

[037] Figure 04 - Shows (A) superior view showing maxillary sinuses and (B) palatal view without gingiva showing foramina, alveolar processes and supernumerary tooth, where (1-A) Articular stem, (2-A) Maxillary sinus, ( 3-A) Hole with thread for fixation screw, (4-A) Root access hole to unlock teeth, (1-B) Greater palatine foramen, (2-B) Alveolar process of the upper molar, (3- B) Supernumerary tooth and (4-B) Nasopalatine foramen.

[038] Figure 05 - Presents lower gingiva.

[039] Figure 06 - Presents upper gingiva in the superior view and membrane in the maxillary sinus (figure 6 “A”), and upper gingiva in the palatal view.

[040] Figure 07 - Shows the tongue where (1) represents sessile lesions, (2) pedicle lesion and (3) erosive lesion of the tongue.

[041] Figure 08 - Presents the dental mannequin fully open, where (1) Palatal view with gum and tooth, (2) Posterior rod, (3) Support spring and (4) Teeth.

[042] Figure 09 – Presents the dental dummy in perspective, where (1) Upper acrylic cover to support the gingiva, (2) Posterior nail not existent in the anatomy, (3) Joint device not existent in the anatomy, (4) Joint nail , (5) Joint spring, (6) Spring support screw, and (7) Lower acrylic gingival support cap.

[043] Figure 10- Presents the dental mannequin from the front, where (1) fixation screw and (2) fixation base.

[044] Figure 11 - Presents the dental dummy from behind, where (1) Articular stem and (2) tongue adaptation base.

[045] Figure 12 - Shows the side view with gingiva, where (1) Upper gingiva, (2) Upper acrylic cover, (3) Lower gingiva, (4) Gum on tooth 28 not erupted, (5) tooth 38 partially erupted mesio angled included/impacted, (6) Lower acrylic cap and (7) Support spring.

[046] Figure 13 - Shows the top view, where (1) Posterior rod of the maxilla, (2) Screw to attach to the simulator (doll), (3) Hole for fitting the rod of the simulator (doll), (4) Screw for upper fixing on the simulator (doll) and (5) Screw fixing the cover.

[047] Figure 14 - Presents the frontal view of maxilla and mandible without gingiva, where (1) Anatomical neck, (2) Clinical Crown, (3) cementoenamel junction (set insertion space), (4) Mentual protuberance, ( 5) Mental foramen and (6) Articular nail.

[048] Figure 15 - Shows the right side view of the mandible without gingiva, where (1) Cement-enamel junction and (2) Clinical/anatomical crown.

[049] Figure 16 - Shows the view of the right side of the maxilla and mandible without gum, where (1) Tooth 18 partially erupted, (2) Tooth 48 mesio angled included/impacted, (3) Periapical cystic lesion of tooth 13 and ( 4) Anterior nasal spine.

[050] Figure 17 - Shows the upper gingiva (A) with (1-A) sinus membrane and upper gingiva (B) with (1-B) palatal wrinkles.

[051] Figure 18 - Shows (A) Upper acrylic cover and (B) Lower acrylic cover.

[052] Figure 19 - Shows a top view of the mandible without gum, where (1) Mentual spine and (2) Support base not existing in the natural mandible.

[053] Figure 20 - Shows left lateral view of the maxilla and mandible without gum, where (1) Tooth 38 mesio angled included/impacted and (2) Tooth 28 not erupted.

[054] Figure 21 - Shows left view of the mandible without gingiva, where (1) Mental foramen, (2) Amelocentary junction (connective junction space) and (3) tooth 38 (impacted and angled mesio).

[055] Figure 22 - Presents the keys, where (1) handle, (2) flat key (unlock teeth) and (3) screwdriver (adaptable).

TECHNIQUE DESCRIPTION

[056] The Dental Mannequin presented in the present patent is constituted by a joint integrated to the anatomical model, with format and measures of the mandible and maxilla compatible with the human reality in visual and tactile aspect.

[057] The model features 32 teeth made of resin (Figure 1) with an anatomical and radiographic appearance (if subjected to radiological examination) compatible with human reality. In the kit with the teeth, 02 random units will be included with root canal filled (also visible to the radiological study). In the teeth is still found (Fig. 01 - 1) Tooth 13 with canal material, (Fig. 01 - 2) Tooth 11 with canal filling material and (Fig. 01 - 3) Lock not existing in the natural.

[058] Bone Structure

[059] The simulated bone structure in the study model is based on the anatomy of the human skull, with the presence of anatomical accidents (gingival and bone impression of the alveolar processes, mental foramina, greater palatine and nasopalatine, inferior alveolar nerve canal), alveolar processes that bear normal teeth and alveolar processes that bear angled teeth (impacted and included).

[060] In the mandible (Figures 2 and 3) there is an articulation structure that does not exist in human anatomy (posterior to the condylar process), made to facilitate adaptation with the maxilla. Fig. 02 presents the superior view of the mandible showing alveolar processes and the lower view of the mandible, where drawing A has (1) Mandible tongue, (2) Mandibular foramen, (3) Mandible base not found in nature and (4) Interradicular septum . In drawing B it has (5) Root access holes. Fig. 03 - presents a perspective view of the mandible, where (1) coronoid process, (2) alveolar process, (3) alveolar crest with interalveolar septum, (4) mental protuberance, (5) mental foramen, (6) oblique line, (7) spring support screw, (8) joint cavity, (9) mandibular canal, (10) condylar process and (11) joint device not found in nature.

[061] The maxilla (Figure 4) has, in addition to the anatomical accidents of the oral region, the presence of the maxillary sinus and base of the nasal region. It also has a fastening system to attach to the main supports existing in teaching centers and an articulation axis with the mandible. Figure 04 shows (A) superior view showing maxillary sinuses and (B) palatal view without gingiva showing foramina, alveolar processes and supernumerary tooth, where (1-A) Articular stem, (2-A) Maxillary sinus, (3-A) )Threaded hole for fixation screw, (4-A) Root access hole to unlock teeth, (1-B) Greater palatine foramen, (2-B) Alveolar process of the upper molar, (3-B) Tooth supernumerary and (4-B) Nasopalatine foramen.

soft parts

[062] The model has upper (Fig. 06) and lower (Fig.05) made of silicone, filling interdental spaces, simulating the floor of the oral cavity, mucosa of the hard palate and continuing as the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus.

[063] In the gingiva that covers the mandible (figure 05), it helps in the simulation of an impacted and included element by covering the tooth next to the bone structure, in addition to another semi-erupted mesioangulated tooth.

[064] In the maxilla we find two teeth in a special situation: the gingiva completely covers one tooth and partially another, simulating an unerupted and a semi-erupted element respectively. Figure 06 shows the upper gingiva in the superior view and membrane in the maxillary sinus (figure 6 “A”), and the upper gingiva in the palatal view.

[065] The tongue (Figure 7), made of silicone, presents sessile (1) and pedunculated (2) lesions to simulate excisional biopsy and erosive lesion (3). In Figure 07 (1) represents sessile lesions, (2) pedunculated lesion and (3) Erosive lesion of the tongue.

[066] Superior to the structure of the dummy, on the maxillary sinuses and base of the nasal region, will rest a transparent acrylic cover (figure 8), allowing the visualization during procedures carried out in the maxillary sinus (removal of residual roots, lifting of the maxillary sinus, among others). Figure 08 shows the transparent acrylic cover under the upper view of the maxilla.

[067] This new model (completely illustrated in figures 9 to 20) differs from those currently used due to its fidelity to human anatomy and the possibility of simulating, in a practical environment, multiple procedures: simple extractions, included and impacted elements, periodontal surgery, impression of pins, clinical crown augmentation, gingivoplasty, removal of periapical cystic lesions, engival graft, apicectomy with retrograde obturation, maxillary sinus lift, removal of residual root in the maxillary sinus, removal of neoplastic lesions of the tongue, suturing of cutting lesions in the oral mucosa with visualization of the radiological anatomy of all structures.

How to assemble the dummy?

• a) Vestir a maxila e a mandíbula com a gengiva;
• b) Encaixar os dentes;
• c) Fixar as tampas acrílicas da maxila e da mandíbula;
• d) Encaixar a haste posterior da maxila na articulação da mandíbula (região do côndilo);
• e) Prender a mola de sustentação na haste posterior da maxila ao parafuso no ramo ascendente da mandíbula;
• f) fixar a língua ao velcro existente na mandíbula.

[068] To assemble, follow the steps of:

• a) Dress the maxilla and mandible with the gum;
• b) Fit the teeth;
• c) Fix the acrylic caps of the maxilla and mandible;
• d) Fit the posterior shaft of the maxilla in the joint of the mandible (condyle region);
• e) Attach the support spring on the posterior stem of the maxilla to the screw in the ascending ramus of the mandible;
• f) fix the tongue to the existing Velcro on the mandible.

How to disassemble?

• a) Desprender a língua;
• b) Desprender a mola de sustentação;
• c) Desencaixar as partes (maxila e mandíbula);
• d) Retirar a tampa acrílica (chave de fenda);
• e) Retirar os dentes (deslocar a chave romba nos forames que dão acesso às raízes e aplicar força de forma que destrave-os);
• f) Retirar as gengivas de maxila e mandíbula.

[069] To disassemble, do the opposite way, as:

• a) Loosen the tongue;
• b) Detach the support spring;
• c) Disengage the parts (maxilla and mandible);
• d) Remove the acrylic cover (screwdriver);
• e) Remove the teeth (displace the blunt key in the foramina that give access to the roots and apply force in order to unlock them);
• f) Remove the maxillary and mandibular gums.

PATENT ADVANTAGES

[070] In this case, there is a total difference between the present patent and those existing on the market due to the wealth of details, materials used and situations of injuries and specific cases of the dentist's daily life, non-existent in the others.

• • Dentística restauradora;
• • Moldagem de pinos;
• • Preparo para próteses;
• • Preparo para facetas (direta e indireta);
• • Aumento de coroa clínica;
• • Gengivoplastia;
• • Enxerto gengival;
• • Enxerto ósseo;
• • Remoção de cisto periapcal;
• • Apicectomia;
• • Tartarectomia;
• • Cirurgia de 3º molar (incluso e impactado);
• • Levantamento de seio maxilar;
• • Remoção de raiz residual em seio maxilar;
• • Exodontia simples;
• • Exodontia + Implante imediato;
• • Remoção de dentes supranumerário na maxila;
• • Remoção de lesões na língua (biópsia) de três tipos de lesões (erosiva, pedicular e Séssio);
• • Entre outros.

[071] The advantages of the present patent are great, as teachers and students will have in their hands something that will enable a broader and more realistic view of structures and pathologies. Giving the opportunity to carry out in a practical way several multidisciplinary procedures, including:

• • Restorative dentistry;
• • Pin molding;
• • Preparation for prostheses;
• • Preparation for veneers (direct and indirect);
• • Increase of clinical crown;
• • Gingivoplasty;
• • Gingival graft;
• • Bone graft;
• • Removal of periapcal cyst;
• • Apicoectomy;
• • Tartarectomy;
• • 3rd molar surgery (included and impacted);
• • Maxillary sinus lift;
• • Removal of residual root in the maxillary sinus;
• • Simple extraction;
• • Exodontia + Immediate implant;
• • Removal of supernumerary teeth in the maxilla;
• • Removal of lesions on the tongue (biopsy) of three types of lesions (erosive, pedicular and sessium);
• • Between others.

[072] All this in one mannequin.

Claims (1)

Anatomical mannequin of mandible and maxilla, characterized by comprising maxilla (Figure 04, 13, 14, 20) and mandible (Figure 02, 03, 16, 19, 20, 21) made of polyurethane resin, with details in the greater palatine foramina, naso palatine, alveolar processes, cavity of bilateral maxillary sinuses, anterior nasal spine, teeth with crowns and roots with natural anatomy, nerve attached to the gingiva at the exit of the foramen, alveolar process, teeth with natural anatomy of crown and root (all teeth have a special lock), tongue (Figure 07) made of soft silicone with a texture similar to human skin, with erosive lesions on the right side edge, Sessio on the back and pedicle on the left edge near the apex, upper (Fig. 06) and lower gingiva (Fig.05) made of silicone, filling interdental spaces and the teeth (Figure 01) made of epoxy resin with crowns, roots and root canal filled.

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