BR112018000353A2 - composição de óleo lubrificante, e, método para reduzir eventos de pré-ignição de baixa velocidade - Google Patents
composição de óleo lubrificante, e, método para reduzir eventos de pré-ignição de baixa velocidadeInfo
- Publication number
- BR112018000353A2 BR112018000353A2 BR112018000353-0A BR112018000353A BR112018000353A2 BR 112018000353 A2 BR112018000353 A2 BR 112018000353A2 BR 112018000353 A BR112018000353 A BR 112018000353A BR 112018000353 A2 BR112018000353 A2 BR 112018000353A2
- Authority
- BR
- Brazil
- Prior art keywords
- lubricating oil
- oil composition
- low speed
- speed pre
- ignition events
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium containing a sulfur-to-oxygen bond
- C10M135/10—Sulfonic acids or derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
- C10M159/12—Reaction products
- C10M159/20—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
- C10M159/12—Reaction products
- C10M159/20—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products
- C10M159/24—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products containing sulfonic radicals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
- C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
- C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/027—Neutral salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/028—Overbased salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/042—Sulfate esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/046—Overbasedsulfonic acid salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
- C10M2227/066—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts derived from Mo or W
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/12—Groups 6 or 16
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
uma composição de óleo lubrificante e método de operação de um motor de combustão interna reforçado. a composição de óleo lubrificante inclui mais que 50% em peso de um óleo base, um detergente superbásico tendo um tbn mais que 225 mg de koh/g e um detergente de base baixa/neutro tendo um tbn até 175 mg de koh/g. uma quantidade total de cálcio a partir do detergente superbásico e de base baixa/neutro é mais que 1100 ppm a menos do que 2400 ppm em peso, com base no peso total da composição de óleo lubrificante. a composição de óleo lubrificante e método podem ser eficazes para reduzir eventos pré-ignição de baixa velocidade em um motor de combustão interna reforçado lubrificado com a composição de óleo lubrificante em relação às composições disponíveis comercialmente de óleo lubrificante.
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201562193297P | 2015-07-16 | 2015-07-16 | |
US62/193297 | 2015-07-16 | ||
US15/047934 | 2016-02-19 | ||
US15/047,934 US20170015933A1 (en) | 2015-07-16 | 2016-02-19 | Additives and lubricating oil compositions for improving low speed pre-ignition |
US15/147,317 US10336959B2 (en) | 2015-07-16 | 2016-05-05 | Lubricants with calcium-containing detergent and their use for improving low speed pre-ignition |
US15/147317 | 2016-05-05 | ||
PCT/US2016/042220 WO2017011633A1 (en) | 2015-07-16 | 2016-07-14 | Lubricants with calcium-containing detergent and their use for improving low speed pre-ignition |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
BR112018000353A2 true BR112018000353A2 (pt) | 2018-09-11 |
BR112018000353B1 BR112018000353B1 (pt) | 2022-01-18 |
Family
ID=61066569
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
BR112018000353-0A BR112018000353B1 (pt) | 2015-07-16 | 2016-07-14 | Composição de óleo lubrificante, e, método para reduzir eventos de pré-ignição de baixa velocidade |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3322781B1 (pt) |
JP (1) | JP6708831B2 (pt) |
KR (1) | KR102103653B1 (pt) |
CN (1) | CN107922873B (pt) |
BR (1) | BR112018000353B1 (pt) |
CA (1) | CA2991769C (pt) |
MX (1) | MX371195B (pt) |
RU (1) | RU2720202C2 (pt) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3571267B1 (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2023-03-29 | Chevron Oronite Company LLC | Lubricating oil compositions and method for preventing or reducing low speed pre-ignition in direct injected spark-ignited engines |
JP2021500427A (ja) * | 2017-10-18 | 2021-01-07 | シエル・インターナシヨネイル・リサーチ・マーチヤツピイ・ベー・ウイShell Internationale Research Maatschappij Besloten Vennootshap | 低速早期点火を低減するための方法 |
SG11202011506PA (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2020-12-30 | Chevron Oronite Co | Method for preventing or reducing low speed pre-ignition in direct injected spark-ignited engines with silane-containing lubricant |
CN113930274B (zh) * | 2020-06-29 | 2023-06-13 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种低黏度节能兼顾低速早燃控制性能的发动机油组合物 |
CN116144418A (zh) * | 2023-02-27 | 2023-05-23 | 辽宁百特润滑科技有限责任公司 | 一种汽机油组合物及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4954272A (en) * | 1989-03-27 | 1990-09-04 | Texaco Inc. | Process for preparing overbased calcium sulfonates |
US5498355A (en) * | 1994-09-20 | 1996-03-12 | Ethyl Corporation | Lubricant compositions of enhanced performance capabilities |
US5726133A (en) * | 1996-02-27 | 1998-03-10 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Low ash natural gas engine oil and additive system |
TW457295B (en) * | 1996-10-29 | 2001-10-01 | Idemitsu Kosan Co | A lubricating oil composition for diesel engines |
US6143701A (en) * | 1998-03-13 | 2000-11-07 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Lubricating oil having improved fuel economy retention properties |
US6723685B2 (en) * | 2002-04-05 | 2004-04-20 | Infineum International Ltd. | Lubricating oil composition |
US8709989B2 (en) * | 2004-10-19 | 2014-04-29 | Nippon Oil Corporation | Lubricant composition and antioxident composition |
US7550415B2 (en) * | 2004-12-10 | 2009-06-23 | Shell Oil Company | Lubricating oil composition |
JP5513703B2 (ja) * | 2005-05-27 | 2014-06-04 | 出光興産株式会社 | 潤滑油組成物 |
US7867957B2 (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2011-01-11 | Nippon Oil Corporation | Lubricating oil composition |
CN102690715B (zh) * | 2011-03-24 | 2014-03-12 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种四冲程摩托车发动机润滑油组合物 |
US9279094B2 (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2016-03-08 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Friction modifiers for use in lubricating oil compositions |
US10227544B2 (en) * | 2013-08-15 | 2019-03-12 | Infineum International Limited | Automotive transmission fluid compositions for improved energy efficiency |
CN106062158B (zh) * | 2013-09-19 | 2021-12-31 | 路博润公司 | 用于直喷式发动机的润滑剂组合物 |
US10494584B2 (en) * | 2013-09-19 | 2019-12-03 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricant compositions for direct injection engines |
JP6300686B2 (ja) * | 2014-01-31 | 2018-03-28 | Emgルブリカンツ合同会社 | 潤滑油組成物 |
CN104140864A (zh) * | 2014-07-14 | 2014-11-12 | 广西大学 | 一种f-t发动机油组合物 |
CN104342266B (zh) * | 2014-09-29 | 2016-07-06 | 陕西通用石油化工有限公司 | 公交汽车燃气发动机专用润滑油 |
CN104403721B (zh) * | 2014-10-13 | 2017-04-05 | 菲玛(新加坡)有限公司 | 一种气缸油复合添加剂及其制备方法 |
JP6572597B2 (ja) * | 2015-03-31 | 2019-09-11 | 出光興産株式会社 | 4サイクルエンジン用潤滑油組成物 |
-
2016
- 2016-07-14 KR KR1020187003363A patent/KR102103653B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2016-07-14 RU RU2018104014A patent/RU2720202C2/ru active
- 2016-07-14 EP EP16741792.2A patent/EP3322781B1/en active Active
- 2016-07-14 CN CN201680039372.2A patent/CN107922873B/zh active Active
- 2016-07-14 JP JP2017567100A patent/JP6708831B2/ja active Active
- 2016-07-14 MX MX2018000152A patent/MX371195B/es active IP Right Grant
- 2016-07-14 BR BR112018000353-0A patent/BR112018000353B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2016-07-14 CA CA2991769A patent/CA2991769C/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR112018000353B1 (pt) | 2022-01-18 |
CN107922873B (zh) | 2021-08-27 |
RU2018104014A3 (pt) | 2019-12-23 |
RU2018104014A (ru) | 2019-08-02 |
MX371195B (es) | 2020-01-22 |
JP2018520240A (ja) | 2018-07-26 |
JP6708831B2 (ja) | 2020-06-10 |
KR102103653B1 (ko) | 2020-04-22 |
EP3322781B1 (en) | 2019-12-18 |
CA2991769A1 (en) | 2017-01-19 |
EP3322781A1 (en) | 2018-05-23 |
CN107922873A (zh) | 2018-04-17 |
MX2018000152A (es) | 2018-03-23 |
CA2991769C (en) | 2020-07-07 |
RU2720202C2 (ru) | 2020-04-27 |
KR20180048596A (ko) | 2018-05-10 |
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