BG66427B1 - A method and a machine tool for multi-operational machining of rotary components - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a machine tool for multi-operational machining of stepped rotary components. The multifunctional machining centre is built on a module principle from three basic design groups: a cross turret carriage (1) and rotary two- or four-positional front (2 or 2') and rear (3 or 3') tailstocks. The carriage (1) is moved crosswise by one or two separate feeding mechanisms (21 and 53) when operations for rough and final machining are performed. In various positions of the three turret carriages (1, 2 or 2') and (3 or 3') is accomplished the technological process for multi-operational bilateral machining of chuck-type or centre-type components (11). The layout of the machine tool makes possible the implementation of new methods, basic ones being the active control and adaptive control of the performed operations with various types measuring devices (27, 36, 37), and others, supporting of unstable stepped rotary components (11) by prismatic rest supports (22) or rests, a method for profiling and sharpening abrasive tools (6, 7 and 24) with automatically exchangeable diamond rolls and others.

Description

(54) METHOD AND MACHINE FOR MULTIPEROPTIONAL PROCESSING OF ROTARY DETAILS

Field of technology

The present invention relates to a method and a machine for multi-operation machining of rotary parts and in particular to a multi-operation machine with which parts with different geometries can be machined by one-sided or two-sided machining of one or two installations. The machine is particularly suitable for machining rotary pliable parts and parts with a complex profile shape.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Many machines with digital program control for the same type of processing are known from practice and literature.

There is a known grinding center [1,2], developed on the basis of machine SHK 324.32 [3], which serves for final processing of chuck and center parts in the conditions of GAPS. The known machine includes a body, a longitudinal guide mounted on the body, a front and rear seat with the possibility of movement on the guide, as well as a support for attaching the processing tool. This known machine has only one longitudinal guide, and the support is designed to attach only one external grinding wheel with an inclined profile. The front and rear seats are shaped like turret tables, which can be moved synchronously along the guide when grinding center parts longitudinally. Only the rear seat is made as a cross support and is equipped with a magazine for internal grinding mandrels and rear centers. The support has a sloping disc and can only be moved in the transverse direction. The machine is only possible for one-sided grinding of chuck parts on one unit. The machine does not have an opposite spindle. There is no possibility for multi-operational processing. There is only one shop available for automatic replacement of internal grinding mandrels and rear centers. In addition, the issue of grinding stepped pliable parts has not been resolved.

The multi-operational center is also known [4]. This famous multi-operational machine contains a body; longitudinal guides on the body; rear and / or front seats mounted on a longitudinal guide; at least one longitudinal slide mounted on a second longitudinal guide; at least one cross support bearing tools; at least one turret for roughing and at least one grinding spindle for finishing mounted on the supports, the cross supports being mounted on the longitudinal slide and each of which comprising a transverse slide. The rear seat can be moved in the longitudinal direction, which allows to change the center distance. In the machine, the two supports are mounted on the same longitudinal guide and can only move simultaneously in the longitudinal direction, which leads to an increase in auxiliary times in successive turning and grinding operations. The feed mechanism for longitudinal movement is subjected to different forces during roughing and finishing, which leads to different force and temperature deformations of the ball-screw pair, which increases wear. In addition, there is no possibility for flexible double-sided machining of different series of rotary-center or chuck parts in any sequence in the conditions of GAPS.

Technical essence of the invention

The object of the invention is to provide a method and a machine for multi-operational processing of rotary parts, with increased productivity and accuracy in processing parts with different characteristics.

The problem is solved by a method for multi-operational processing of rotary parts, comprising the steps of setting to a cross turret caliper of a machine for multi-operational processing of rotary parts of at least one turret; mounting to a cross turret caliper of a machine for multi-operational processing of rotary parts of at least one external grinding spindle for at least one grinding disc; settling to

66427 Bl is a cross revolving caliper of a machine for multi-operation machining of rotating parts of at least one internal grinding spindle for at least one grinding disc; installation of a rotary chuck or center 5 part to the front and rear seat of the machine for multi-operational processing; moving the cross turret in the transverse direction to process the established part. According to the invention, the installation of the turret head, the external grinding spindle and the internal grinding spindle is performed on the same cross turret. The movement of the cross turret in the transverse direction includes the step of driving the feed mechanism for the turret for roughing and the subsequent step of driving the feed mechanism for the outer and inner grinding spindles during the finishing. Here, the drive of the cross carriage for the turret for roughing and the drive of the cross carriage for the grinding spindles for the finishing work are performed with separate feed mechanisms and motors. This sequential drive of the various feeders increases the accuracy of the finishing.

In one variant of the method for multi-operational processing of rotating parts, the established part is a pliable part, the part after installation to the front or rear seat in contact with a lunette support mounted to a holder or spindle attached to the rear seat or front seat or to the turret. cross support.

In a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, the established part is a pliable part, the part after installation to the front and rear seat in contact with a lunette support mounted to a holder attached to the machine body, followed by the step of longitudinal movement of the front and rear seat. the multi-operational machine at each stroke for roughing and finishing and the step of transverse movement of the front and rear seat after each longitudinal stroke until subsequent contact between the movable lunette support and the workpiece, the longitudinal and transverse movements of the front and rear saddle .

In another embodiment of the method according to the invention, the established part is a profile part, and the front and rear seats of the machine for multi-operation processing of rotary parts move simultaneously when performing linear or circular interpolation when processing profile parts with complex geometry.

In another embodiment, the method after fixing the part to the front and rear seat follows a continuous measurement with a scanning measuring head for active control of the diameter of the workpiece when grinding or the step of continuous measuring with a scanning measuring head of the current diameter and shape of the part in in the case of longitudinal grinding and the step of continuously giving signals for adaptive control during the final treatments.

The problem is solved with a machine for multi-operational processing of rotating parts, including a body; rear and front seats mounted on a first longitudinal guide mounted to the body; at least one longitudinal slide mounted on a second longitudinal guide also mounted on the body; at least one cross-bearing support bearing tools mounted to the second longitudinal guide; at least one roughing turret and at least one finishing grinding spindle mounted on the cross supports, the cross supports being mounted on the longitudinal slides and each of them comprising a first transverse slide mounted on the second longitudinal guide. According to the invention, at least one turret for roughing and at least one grinding spindle for finishing are mounted on the same cross support. In addition, the digital axes for the feed movements are reduced, which simplifies the kinematics and layout of the machine, reduces material consumption and reduces its cost. On the first cross carriage of each cross support is installed a second cross car with the ability to move in the direction of the first cross carriage . This increases the positioning accuracy of the support, respectively the accuracy of the windows

66427 Bl machining of the workpiece due to the force and kinematic separation of the cross-sections for roughing and finishing. In the offered machine at least the front saddle is crossed with the possibility of reciprocating movement in the longitudinal and transverse direction and for rotation along the B axis. This leads to an increase in the technological capabilities of the machine, especially in bilateral processing of chuck parts. It is also possible for multi-operation machining with statically installed tools to the body of the machine, both for rough and final machining. which simplifies the kinematic scheme of the machine, leading to a reduction in its cost.

In one embodiment of the invention, the cross seats of the machine for multi-operation processing of rotating parts are capable of angular repositioning. In a preferred embodiment, the cross saddles are capable of mounting tool holders and spindles. These variants make it possible to install in different positions to the saddles of different number and type of tool holders and spindles, which increases many times the technological capabilities of the machine.

In another embodiment of the machine according to the invention, it is possible to mount a lunette support to the cross seats and supports. This increases the accuracy of machining of flexible parts, as well as the machining of all their steps, without the use of a special complex lunette as a separate device for the machine, digitally driven on two axes, and prismatic lunette supports with simple geometry can be used. , which use the digital axes of the saddles or supports to move.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the cross seats of the machine are capable of mounting at least one scanning measuring head for continuous active control and adaptive control in longitudinal and transverse finishes so that the contact tip of the scanning measuring head is located opposite the working tool width. This increases the technological capabilities for active control and adaptive control in the final treatments.

A variant of the invention is that the cross saddles can be capable of synchronized circular and linear interpolation when machining profile parts with complex geometry. This results in the use of a tool with simple geometry when machining parts with complex profile geometry. In addition, the saddles can be repositioned very precisely and quickly when machining conical surfaces with only a relatively longitudinal movement of the tools relative to the workpiece, which increases the overall productivity of the machine by reducing the cycle time for machining a workpiece.

In a further embodiment of the invention, a machine for multi-operational machining of rotary parts also comprises a third longitudinal guide bearing a second cross support with at least one turret for roughing and at least one grinding spindle for finishing. In this way, the part can be machined on both sides and simultaneously with tools mounted on two different supports, which greatly increases the productivity of the machine. In a preferred embodiment, a movable lunette support is mounted on the turret for roughing the second cross support to support the pliable parts during their longitudinal machining by tools mounted to the first cross support. In another preferred embodiment, a scanning measuring head for continuous active control and adaptive control during longitudinal and transverse finishing is mounted on the roughing turret for the second cross support, so that the contact tip of the scanning measuring head is located opposite the working width. of the tool during their longitudinal machining by tools mounted to the first cross support.

In one embodiment of the invention, the grinding spindles of the machine are for internal and external grinding, the grinding spindle for external grinding being a motor-spindle with the possibility of establishing two tools with inclined or straight profile. This increases the technological capabilities of the machine.

A variant of the invention is that to the body

66427 At least one fixed lunette support bracket is mounted on the machine and held for processing and measuring instruments and at least one tool spindle. This increases the overall functionality of the machine.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the cross supports are two, the second being mounted on a third longitudinal guide mounted to the body. In a preferred embodiment of this machine for multi-operational processing of rotary parts, the two cross supports are mounted on separate cross-carriages driven by separate feed mechanisms. This design of the machine leads to an increase in the accuracy of the final processing due to the force separation of the functions of the two supports.

In another alternative embodiment of this machine according to the invention, the two cross supports are mounted on separate longitudinal guides located on both sides of the saddle guide. This further reduces auxiliary times and increases processing productivity.

In another embodiment of the machine, at least one cross support is capable of being fixed to the body, each cross seat being capable of performing feed movements in the longitudinal and transverse directions during roughing and finishing. This simplifies the kinematics of the machine and reduces its cost.

The main advantages of the method according to the invention are that it provides multi-operational processing of rotary-center parts of one installation, which greatly increases the dimensional accuracy and alignment of the steps of the center parts. External and internal multi-operational processing of chuck parts is provided without the need to use a portal manipulator.

The main qualities and advantages of the method and the machine for multi-operational processing of rotary parts in structural and technological terms are the following.

In terms of construction, a single-support machine for multi-operation machining with compact dimensions is composed. There is only one cross turret support with separate motor-spindle positions with two discs for external grinding with inclined or straight profile, a turret with tools for performing various operations and a spindle for internal machining. Cross revolving two- or four-position front and rear saddles are used, equipped with opposite spindles with oriented braking for double-sided installation of chuck parts and with spindles (with oriented braking) and with possibilities for automatic change of metalworking tools, support centers, lunetary supports measuring heads, diamond rollers and other equipment. Two main parallel longitudinal guides are used for the support and for the front and rear seat, as well as there is a possibility for establishing measuring and technological equipment to the body or additional guide of the machine. It is possible to use shops for automatic replacement of metalworking tools, support centers, lunette supports, measuring heads, diamond rollers and other equipment for the front and rear saddle and optionally for the support. The layout and the digitally controlled axes allow the workpieces and workpieces to be changed automatically. The machine can be made in different variants such as: horizontal arrangement with horizontal parallel longitudinal guides, as vertical arrangement with vertical parallel longitudinal guides, as vertical arrangement with horizontal parallel guides. In the latter case, the horizontal axis of the workpiece may be above the turret or vice versa. The machine can also be made with parallel guides inclined at a certain angle. The machine according to the invention is particularly suitable for operation in GAPS conditions, and can be combined with three guides and two or more identical or different cross supports, which move in the longitudinal direction along parallel guides and simultaneously process two or more surfaces of one or two parts in the same installation.

The method and machine according to the invention also provide a number of technological advantages. Multi-operational processing of rotary-center details of one installation is provided, which leads to high accuracy of

66427 Bl dimensions and alignment of the steps of the center parts. Bilateral external and internal multi-operational processing of chuck parts without the need to use a portal manipulator is provided. When using 5 only one support, the dimensional chain for obtaining the dimensions in multi-operation machining is simplified, which guarantees accurate axial positioning, high dimensional accuracy and the mutual arrangement of the successively machined surfaces in the various operations. Programming is simplified due to the use of only one tool support for multi-operational processing. The functions of the two transverse feed mechanisms of the tool support for roughing and finishing are distributed, which eliminates the influence of possible wear and force deformations of the more loaded ball-screw pair on the accuracy of the diameters of the finished steps and ensures high dimensional accuracy. the mutual arrangement of the finished surfaces. A distribution of the functions of the longitudinal feeders is provided, moving the three working groups: the support and the two seats on the parallel guides for roughing and finishing. When performing the operations for rough longitudinal processing, the feed mechanism of the tool support is used, and during the operations for final machining the feed mechanisms of the rear and front seat. This guarantees high dimensional accuracy and the relative position of the finished surfaces. With the machine and the method it is possible and flexible automated processing of rotary-center and chuck parts in different sequence in the conditions of GAPS. In addition, the problems in grinding of rotary step flexible parts have been solved technologically and constructively, providing an opportunity for continuous maintenance of the longitudinally machined surfaces of movable lunetary supports during turning and grinding. The processes for replacing metalworking tools, front and rear centers, diamond rollers, lunette supports, measuring heads and other equipment can be easily automated. Longitudinal and transverse control and adaptive control can be performed during, before or after processing. Productivity and the level of automation are multiplied due to a reduction of about twice the auxiliary time for manual or automatic suspension of center or chuck parts with a portal manipulator, which significantly reduces the unit time. It is possible to simultaneously process multiple surfaces of one center or two chuck parts in one installation using two or more identical or different supports moving along parallel guides, which significantly increases the productivity of synchronized operations.

Explanation of the attached figures

The attached figures show different variants of the machine according to the invention, illustrating the possibilities of the processing method as follows:

Figure 1 is a top view of the working area of a multifunctional machining center in the first position A, of the turret support (PC) for carrying out the method for multi-operational processing of step rotary parts with a prismatic lunette support.

Figure 2 is a side view of a revolving caliper of the machine (without internal grinding spindle) with two feed mechanisms for performing transverse displacements during roughing and finishing.

Figure 3 is a plan view of the working area of the machine of fig. 1 with an active control device (UAC) and with four position front and rear saddle in the second position A ₂ of the turret support for simultaneous external and internal grinding of the chuck part.

Figure 4 is a top view of the machine of fig. 1 with a movable prismatic lunette support to the rear seat and a second position A ₂ of the turret for performing external longitudinal grinding on one side of the workpiece and a movable lunette support mounted to the rear seat.

Figure 5 is a plan view of the machine of fig. 1 with movable prismatic lunette support to the front seat and the third position A ₃ of re50

66427 B1 the swivel support for performing external longitudinal grinding on the other side of the workpiece and a movable lunette support mounted to the front seat.

Figure 6 is a plan view of the machine of Figure 6. 1 with UAC when performing longitudinal or notched grinding of a part established between the centers of the revolving front and rear saddle.

Figure 7 is a top view of the machine of fig. 1, provided with a UAC and with a lunette onopaq mounted to the support when performing one-sided internal longitudinal grinding of an opening of a chuck part with a tool from the rear seat.

Figure 8 shows the machine of fig. 1 with a scanning measuring head mounted to the front seat, in a top view when performing a double-sided external longitudinal grinding of a chuck member mounted to the rear seat.

Figure 9 shows the machine of fig. 1 with a scanning measuring head mounted to the rear seat, in a top view when performing a double-sided external longitudinal grinding of a chuck member mounted to the front seat.

Figure 10 shows the machine of fig. 1 with a lunette support mounted to an additional guide to the body, in a top view.

Figure II shows the machine of fig. 1 with synchronized digital repositioning of the seats in a top view when grinding a conical part.

Figure 12 is a top view of another machine for multi-operational machining of rotary parts with UAC, four-position seats and two different supports for roughing and finishing in simultaneous external and internal grinding of a chuck part mounted to the front seat.

Figure 13 is a top view of another embodiment of a machine for multi-operational processing of rotary parts with two-position seats and two cross supports located on separate guides mounted on both sides of the common guide for the front and rear seat while simultaneously processing a central part with two roughing tool.

FIG. 14 is a plan view of the machine of FIG. 13 in case of simultaneous double-sided machining of a central part with two finishing tools.

Figure 15 is a top view of the machine of fig. 13 in case of simultaneous external and internal processing of a chuck part, attached to the front saddle, with three tools for final processing.

FIG. 16 is a plan view of the machine of FIG. 13 with a prismatic lunette support mounted to a cross support when externally longitudinally grinding a step of a central pliable part with a grinding disc mounted to a second cross support.

FIG. 17 is a plan view of the machine of FIG. 13 with UAC mounted to a cross support when externally longitudinally grinding a step of a central part with a grinding disc mounted to a second cross support.

FIG. 18 is a plan view of the machine of FIG. 13 in case of simultaneous rough and final processing of two chuck parts, installed respectively to the front and rear saddle with tools, installed to the two cross supports.

Figure 19 shows a top view of a variant of the machine of fig. 13 with a cross turret caliper for final double-sided machining and with a cross caliper with two turret heads for rough double-sided machining of chuck parts during the simultaneous rough and final machining of two chuck parts with tools from both brackets.

Figure 20 shows a top view of a variant of the machine of fig. 13 with one fixed turret caliper for finishing in the waiting position and with one fixed caliper with two turrets in simultaneous rough double-sided machining of two chuck parts mounted to the cross front and rear saddle with tools from the two turrets.

Figure 21 shows a top view of the machine of fig. 20 with a working support for finishing and a support for roughing in a waiting position.

Examples of the invention

In FIG. 1 is shown in a top view

66427 B1 variant embodiment of a single caliper multifunctional machining center for carrying out the method for multi-operation double-sided machining of step rotary parts. According to the technological orientation of the machine, the layout is built by separate structural groups on a modular principle. In the illustrated embodiment, it has a turret caliper 1, a front 2 and a rear seat 3. The caliper 1 has a multi-position turret head 4, a motor-spindle 5 with two discs 6 and 7 for external grinding and a spindle 8 for internal grinding. (Tools 6 and 7 may have the same or different profiles, sizes and characteristics). The caliper 1 moves on the guide 9 in the longitudinal direction along the Z axis, from the feed mechanism 19. In the transverse direction it moves digitally along the X axis, when performing force operations such as: front and profile double-sided turning, drilling, milling and others. The movements along the X-axis are performed by the feed mechanism 53 (seen in the following Fig. 2) on the support 1 in operations for bilateral final processing such as: cut-in external and internal grinding and others. The transverse movements along the X and X'j axes are performed by two sledges 13 and 47, located one on top of the other and driven by separate feed mechanisms. (This is further clarified in Fig. 2). The turret caliper 1 rotates about an axis B, to perform various technological processes for multi-operational processing. The variant shown has two-position front 2 and rear 3 seats. The front seat 2 has a spindle 10 for fixing the part 11 and an inner grinding spindle 12 with oriented braking. The latter has the ability to automatically change metalworking tools and process equipment. It moves digitally along the X and Z axes, and rotates about the B axis. _D The rear seat 3 has an opposite spindle 10 for setting and double-sided processing of chuck parts 11. It is also equipped with an internal grinding spindle 12 with oriented braking and possibility for automatic replacement of metalworking tools and technological equipment. It moves digitally along the X and Z axes, and rotates around the B axis. Turret saddles 2 and 3 move independently or synchronously on the same longitudinal guide

15. It is parallel to the guide 9 of the turret 1. The machine has two stores 16 and 17 with tools and technological equipment that serve the front 2 and rear 3 saddle. The part 11 is mounted in the chuck 18 of the revolving front seat 2. In the case of longitudinal turning of the steps, in position A, on the support 1, the feed mechanism 19 is used, moving the carriage 20. OcTaZ! is intended for the performance of force operations. The transverse feeding in turning on the X axis] is performed by the feeding mechanism 21. If it is necessary to achieve high turning accuracy, for the transverse positioning of the tools outside the part 11, the X 'axis can be used. It is intended to carry out finishing operations. The cantilevered part 11 is supported by a lunette support 22 located in the spindle 12 of the rear seat 3. The support is a contact prism, which is mounted to an automatically replaceable mandrel. The latter is found in the spindle 12. (The maintenance of unstable parts of movable lunettes with prismatic supports 22 has been experimentally studied by the author in many of his works and its applicability has been proven). When using automatically replaceable prismatic supports 22, the rear 3 or front seat 2 perform the functions of movable or immovable lunettes. Thus, the proposed new method for maintaining unstable step chuck parts 11 when using lunette supports 22 (or lunettes) to the front 2 or rear 3 seat is realized. In the case of longitudinal turning, the rear seat 3 can perform the function of a movable or immovable lunette, depending on the use or not of the feed mechanism 23 along the Z ₂ axis. In the case of multi-pass longitudinal turning and the need to continuously maintain an unstable part 11 near the tool 29, the rear seat 3 performs the function of a movable lunette. In this case, in the depicted longitudinal turning of the steps of the chuck part 11, the axes are active: X _p Z ,, X ₂ and Z ,. If the saddle 3 is used as a fixed lunette, movements along the Z ₂ axis are not performed. Figures 38, 39, 40, 41 and 42 show suitable locations for blocks with single diamond sharpeners 66427 Bl ne and profiling of abrasive tools 6, 7 and 24. They are located to the body 35 of the machine or to the front 2 and the rear seat 3. For the turret caliper 1, the possible locations of the axial positioning devices 43 and 44 of the part 11 are shown.

In FIG. 2 shows the turret caliper 1 of the machine of FIG. 1 (excluding the internal grinding spindle 8) in a side view. To perform various operations for multi-operation machining, the table 46 is rotated about an axis B. Thus, the desired tool is introduced into the working area, mounted to the spindle 5, 8 or in the turret 4. The table 46 is mounted on the upper cross slide 13 of the support 1. It moves along the X axis ¹ of the feeder 53 in finishing operations. It is located on the lower transverse carriage 47. The latter is moved along the X axis, when performing force operations (for example for coarse turning and others) from the feed mechanism 21. The carriage 47 is mounted on the transverse guide20 of the turret caliper 1, which is guided in longitudinal direction along the guide 9.

In FIG. 3 the machining center of FIG. I is shown in a top view when assembling on a modular principle with four-position revolving front 2 'and rear saddle 3'. The caliper I is shown in position A, for longitudinal grinding of one of the steps of the part 11. mounted in the front seat 2 '. At the same time, an internal grinding of a hole is performed with a tool 24. mounted to the rear seat 3 '. The axes X ' _r Z, and X, and Z, are active. For longitudinal grinding, it is permissible to use the Z axis due to the fact that the requirements for the accuracy of longitudinal dimensions are usually prescribed by an order of magnitude lower and due to the presence of technological channels. There are other kinematic options. For example, in the case of successive double-sided external grinding of the steps of the chuck part 11, with the discs 7 and 6 (respectively at the positions of the support A, n A ₃ ). the X ' _p Z ₃ and B axes are active. 45 The control of the accuracy of the diameters of one or more stages can also be performed in the longitudinal direction by an active control device (ACM) 36 or by a wide range ACM (ACS) 37 and signals for adaptive process control can be given. The measuring device is mounted on the guide 34. The seats 2 'and 3' have two additional positions, in comparison with 2 and 3 of fig.

1. In the case of the four-position front 2 'and rear 3' seats, the motor-spindles 10 are provided for manual or automatic installation of chuck parts 11. The grinding spindles 12 with oriented braking are intended solely for performing finishing operations. For this reason, only tools 24 for internal grinding, tools for precision grinding or fine turning 25, diamond rollers are installed in them.

26 and measuring heads 27. The spindles (or devices) 28 are intended for establishing front 31 and rear centers 31 ', supporting lunetary supports 22 and processing tools 29, 32 and 33 for performing force operations such as: rough and semi-turning, drilling and shredding. The spindles (or devices) 30 are provided for the automatic installation of measuring heads 27. In their place can be located UAC 36 or SHUAC 37. The separate four positions of the saddles 2 'and 3' have different technological purpose. Their increased number makes it possible to accurately distinguish the technological purpose of the positions according to vi30 to the technological operation and the cutting forces. The user can assemble the saddles 2 'and 3' with these four positions in a different order. The figure also illustrates the possibility of implementing a method for active control and adaptive control of external (and internal) circular longitudinal grinding processes. The control is exercised during, before or after processing. Workpieces and turned parts can be measured in certain cross sections and an adaptive operation can be started depending on the measured geometry.

For a simpler graphical representation of all figures, two-position front 2 and rear 3 seats are shown below. The illustrated and described technological possibilities and new methods are fully valid for the four-position version of the machine shown in fig. 2.

In FIG. 4 the machine is shown in view η

66427 Bl at the top at position A, on support I. After longitudinal turning, (shown in Fig. 1 in position A, on support 1), external longitudinal grinding of the already turned surface of the part 11 follows. - 5 left processing of the steps, decreasing in diameter to the right. In longitudinal grinding, the part 11 is continuously supported by a "movable" lunette prism 22 mounted in the spindle 12 of the rear seat 3. It is located 10 always opposite the disk 6 on the diametrically opposite side of the part 11. The feed movements along the axes are used: (or X ₃ ), Z, and X 1. For grinding and finishing operations, it is preferable to use a longitudinal movement along the Z ₃ axis instead of the Z axis. The last axis is designed to perform force operations such as rough turning and others. The purpose of these two axes is technologically distinct. It is not a problem to perform the grinding even with a longitudinally fixed part 11. Then the turret caliper 1 will perform the feed movements along the Z _t and X 'axes. and the rear seat 3 will support the part 1 as a movable or immovable lunette. In these 25 cases, the Z ₂ and X ₂ axes or X alone will be active. The use of the rear 3 or front 2 seat as a movable or immovable lunette in different types of operations is a new technological method. 30

In FIG. 5 the machine is shown in top view. The caliper 1 is rotated to position A ₃ to grind the steps of the workpiece II, decreasing in diameter to the left. The second disc 7 is used for external double-sided grinding with an inclined profile. _{The Z, X 2} or X 2 and X ₃ axes are active during longitudinal grinding. There are other kinematic options. By analogy, with the above for fig. 5, the front seat 2 supports the surface to be treated and can act as a movable or immovable lunette.

In FIG. 6 the machine is shown in a top view at position A of the support 1. The part 11 is established between centers 31 and 3 D. The arrangement 45 of the machining center and the arrangement of the positions and tools of the reversible support I allow the implementation of the new method for multi-operation machining . With the same installation, 50 operations for double-sided turning and grinding of the center part 11 are performed in succession. The new technology ensures alignment of the cylindrical surfaces located on both sides and high dimensional accuracy. By applying torque through the extreme left forehead of the part 11, it is possible to process it completely on one unit. The workpiece 11 is pre-turned first on both sides with left and right blades 29 located in the turret 4. Power operations are used using the Z ₍ and X) axes. ₃ and Z, the caliper 1 makes transverse feeds along the X 'axis, if necessary, active control and adaptive process control is applied by the devices 36 or 37, 27, 43, 44 located on the guide 34.

In FIG. 7 the machine is shown in a top view at position A ₍ on the support 1. In this case the part 11 is installed in the chuck 18 of the front seat 2. An internal grinding of a hole with tool 24 to the spindle 12 of the rear seat 3 is illustrated. to support the part 11 by means of a prismatic lunette support 22 or a lunette It is mounted in the tool turret 4. It can also be mounted in another position to the support 1, for example in the internal grinding spindle 24. According to the kinematic movements used, the supporting prismatic Supporting measuring heads 27 can be installed in the turret head 4, in the spindles 8 and 12 for internal grinding of the support 1, the front 2 and the rear seat 3 and to perform continuous active control in longitudinal and transverse direction in the case of adaptive process control. positions and spindles 30, (fig. 3). They are loaded in stores 16 and 17 or optionally in those that serve the turret support 1. The use of measuring heads 27 for active process control is a new technological method. They can also measure workpieces and parts 11 before or after machining. On the longitudinal guide 34

1

66427 Bl different number of measuring devices (36. 37. 27, 43, 44 or others) are established according to the type of the controlled surfaces and the sequence of the performed technological processes.

In FIG. 8 the machine is shown in a top view at position A ₃ of the support 1 and the possibility for active control and adaptive control of the external circular longitudinal grinding process is illustrated. The chuck part 11 is mounted in the opposite spindle 12 of the rear seat 3. A scanning measuring head 27 is used to the spindle 12 for internal grinding of the two-position front seat 2. The latter is repositioned and rotated at different angles about axis B ₃ to control all available external and internal cylindrical surfaces and adjacent face parts 11. The axes Z, X1 and X1 are active for external longitudinal grinding. There are other kinematic options. The figure shows the device 45 for calibrating the measuring head 27 after its installation in the spindle 12. It is mounted to the rear seat 3 (or to the body 35 of the machine).

In FIG. 9 shows the working area of the machine in top view at position A, of the support 1. The workpiece 11 is mounted in the spindle 10 of the front seat 2 and the measuring head 27 to the rear seat 3. After the one-sided turning of the part 11 follows longitudinal grinding when carrying out active control of the steps, which decrease in diameter in the right direction. In this case, the axes Z ₃ , X ' ₍ and X 1) are active. To control all accessible external and internal cylindrical surfaces and adjacent fronts of the part 11, the rear seat 3 is repositioned and rotated at different angles about the B axis. to calibrate the measuring head 27 is mounted to the front seat 2 (or to the body 35 of the machine).

In FIG. 10 the machine is shown in a top view at position A of the support 1 at the time of longitudinal grinding of a pliable part 11. It is mounted in a chuck 18 to the front seat 2 and is supported by a rear center 31 '. The application of a new method for multi-operation longitudinal processing of slender workpieces while maintaining them from a lunette support 22 is illustrated.

Turning and grinding are performed on one installation. The stable and easy to implement in metal prismatic support 22 is fixed on the guide 34. In case of excessive machining of the center part 11, it always maintains it in the area against the used tool 6 or 7 or in close proximity to the turning knife 29. This prevents its bending by cutting forces. 10 The machining cycle is characterized by the following: after each successive longitudinal stroke, the tool used 6, 7 or 29 is fed transversely along the X 'or X] axis to the programmed cutting depth Δ and strips a step at the end of the workpiece. at the contact with the support prism 22, the seats 2 and 3 are moved synchronously along the X ₂ and X ₃ axes of the same magnitude Δ. (Different modes of touch sensors mounted on the prism are used to signal the CNC system at the time the prism touches the part). The tool 29, 6 or 7 is fed again at the distance Δ in the same direction to restore the diameter for static adjustment. 25 The next longitudinal stroke is followed by synchronized movement of the saddles along the Z_ and Z axes. The advantage of this technology for maintaining unstable step parts is the lack of need for automatic serving of a triple lunette. The digitally controlled axes of the machine are used for tuning before each stroke. On the guide 34, in place of the support 22, manual or automatically adjustable lunettes 14, 35 49 or the ones shown with positions can be installed: axial positioning devices 43 and 44, active control devices 36, statically located turning knives 29, measuring heads 27, blocks 38 with diamond aligners for profiling40 of abrasive tools 6, 7 or 24, spindles of different orientation to impart rotational motion to drills 32, cutters 33 for rotary, cylindrical or face milling, grinding tools 24 and diamond rollers45 26.

In FIG. 11, the machining center is shown in a top view at position A ₂ of the support 1 at the time of longitudinal grinding of a long conical surface of a center part 11. 50 The previous machining was grinding of qi

Ί

66427 Bl lindrical step. Without removing the part 11, the front 2 and rear seat 3 rotate synchronously around the axes B and B ₃ until the desired cone angle is ensured while maintaining the center distance. For this movement of the saddles 2 and 3. together with the established part 11, simultaneous linear and circular interpolation between the axes X ₂ , Z ,, B ₂ and X ₃ , Z ₃ , B _{3 is used} , which is provided by modern CNC systems. . _{The Z:} and X d axes are active during turning _{. The} longitudinal grinding feedings are performed by synchronized movement of the seats 2 and 3 along the Z. and Ζ axes. The caliper 1 is fed periodically along the X 'axis. The rotating axes of the machine allow for the realization of technology for multi-operational processing of profile surfaces with interpolation between two and more axes of the turret seats 2 and 3 and of the support 1. which is a new technological method.

In FIG. 12 shows a top view of a two-support design of the machine for carrying out the multi-operation processing method. The layout is built on a modular principle. The two supports 50 and 51 move in the longitudinal direction along the axes 2. and Z ₄ along the same guide 9 of separate feed mechanisms 19 and 52. When performing the operations of longitudinal turning and grinding, the force distribution of the load of the two ball screw pairs. High accuracy is ensured in the positioning of the tools 6 and 7 for external circular grinding. The calipers 50 and 51 can be moved in the longitudinal direction by the same feed mechanism 19 or 52. Modular groups consisting of: turret heads 4, internally can be mounted to the calipers 50 and 51, in different positional and angular positions. grinding spindles 8 and motor-spindles 5 for external circular or thread grinding In the case of the figure, a variant of the machine with a grinding turret caliper 50 with one motor-spindle 5 and two discs 6 and 7 with different or identical sizes, profiles and characteristics is shown. In this arrangement, the method of double-sided grinding of step shafts of one unit can be performed with only one of the two discs 6 and 7. The turning caliper 51 is equipped with only one turret 4. In it, tools are provided to ensure the performance of the operation. turning, milling and drilling. The grinding support 50 can be constructed by another combination of the modular groups. The illustrated version of the machine is composed of two four-position saddles 2 'and 3'. The possibilities and variants for dimensional control and adaptive process control are the same as explained in the text for the above figures and therefore will not be considered again.

In FIG. 13 is a top view of a two-support version of the machining center for GAPS conditions. A third wide guide 54 is used in place or next to the guide 34 on which the second support I 'moves. The position and angular arrangement of the spindles 5 and 8 and of the turret heads 4 on the supports 1 and D can be changed on a modular basis and depend on the technological orientation of the machine. In this case, a mirror arrangement of the supports 1 and D with respect to the axis of the part 11 is chosen. The figure shows the simultaneous turning of bilaterally arranged shaft steps along the axes Ζ ,, X, and Ζ „X ,. The machining is performed with a longitudinally fixed part 11. The arrangement allows for a twofold increase in the productivity of the operations due to the possibility for simultaneous machining of two surfaces. All applications of the new methods and possibilities of the single-support variant clarified above also apply to this arrangement, therefore they are not illustrated and clarified again.

In FIG. 14 shows a top view of another positional arrangement of groups 1 and 1 'of the two-support variant of the machining center of FIG. 13. The caliper 1 is in position A ₃ and grinds with the left inclined disc 7. The caliper 1 'grinds in position A' ₂ with the abrasive tool 6. Simultaneous finishing along the axes Ζ _ρ X] and Ζ ₄ , X ₄ on both sides is illustrated the located steps of the shaft 11. The grinding is performed with a longitudinally fixed part 11.

In FIG. 15 shows a top view of the two-support version of the machine of FIG. 13 at the time of simultaneous external and internal grinding of the chuck part 11 with tools 6. 7 and 24 of the supports 1,1 'and the rear seat 3. The inclined discs 6 and 7 process the longitudinally longitudinally fixed part 11 in

I t

66427 Bl positions A, and A ', supports 1 and D. Simultaneous internal grinding of the hole of the part 11 is performed with a third tool 24 installed in the spindle 12 of the rear seat 3. The described technology also applies when installing the part 11 to the rear saddle 3. In this case, tools from both supports 1, 1 'and from the front saddle 2 are active. The previous turning and shredding operations are performed by analogy with the participation of three tools that process different surfaces at the same time,

In FIG. 16 shows a two-support version of the machine in a top view. The caliper 1 is in position A, for performing one-sided longitudinal grinding of a pliable part 11 with the right inclined disk 6. The layout of the supra-caliper machine makes it possible to implement a new method for maintaining the treated surface of a prismatic support 22 figure it is mounted to the turret 4. In longitudinal grinding the front 2 and rear 3 saddle move synchronously along the Z ₂ and Z ₃ axes. In the case of longitudinal turning with support of the work surface, the supports 1 and 1 'move along the axes Z [and Z ₄ with the same feed speed. The technological purpose of the supports 1 and T can be exchanged.

In FIG. 17 shows a top view of the two-support version of the machine. The layout allows the application of a new method for active control and adaptive control in longitudinal grinding. The measuring device 27 is mounted to the support D in position A, on the turret 4. In this case, a scanning measuring head 27 is used. Instead, an active control device such as 36, 37, 43, 44 or another mounted can be used. in a suitable position to the support D. During longitudinal machining, the front 2 and rear 3 seats move synchronously along the Z and Z ₃ axes. It is possible to move the supports 1 and 1 'with the same feed speed along the Z and Z axes in the case of a longitudinally fixed part 11. The technological purpose of the supports 1 and 1' can be exchanged.

In FIG. 18 shows a layout of the machine with two identical supports 1 and 1 'in a top view. The arrangement allows for coordinated performance of disparate operations, for example such as turning and grinding or others, for simultaneous roughing or finishing of two chuck parts 11 established in the opposite spindles 10 of the seats 2 and 3 or (or 2 'and 3'). The arrangement is suitable for simultaneous double-sided multi-operation machining of series of identical or different chuck parts 11 in different sequences, with the possibility of using DNC mode.

In FIG. 19 shows a top view of a machine variant with a grinding support 1 and a support 1 ', equipped with two turret heads 4 for performing force operations such as turning, scraping, drilling, milling and others. Simultaneous two-sided grinding and turning of two chuck parts 11 located in the opposite spindles 10 of the seats 2 and 3 (or 2 'and 3') are illustrated. Dotted lines illustrate the second positions on the supports 1 and D for complete rough and final machining of the parts 11. In this variant of the arrangement a force separation of the technological purpose of the two cross supports 1 and D, of their feed mechanisms 19 and 53 is achieved. , and 19 'and 2 D, as well as the guides 9 and 54. The grinding support 1 is intended only for finishing operations and its feed mechanisms 19 and 53 are not subjected to heavy force loads. This will ensure high positioning and machining accuracy due to the expected reduced wear of the ball screw pairs for the X] and Zj axes and the guides. No second transverse feeders are required for supports 1 and D. The arrangement allows for the coordinated execution of operations for roughing and finishing of two chuck parts 11, established in the opposite spindles 10 of the saddles 2 and 3 or (or 2 'and 3'). The arrangement is also suitable for sequential double-sided multi-operation machining of series of identical or different rotary parts 11.

In FIG. 20 shows a plan view of the assembly of the machine of FIG. 19. Contour turning is illustrated when applying a new method for simultaneous bilateral

66427 Bl processing of two identical or different cartridge our Covey workpiece 11 using a feeder contractors movements Krastati saddles 2 and 3 (or 2 'and 3') and fixed (by axis X ₄ and Z ₄₎ tools 29. The parts 11 are found in the opposite spindles 10. In this case, the X, Z, X, and Z, axes are active. Using the proposed method, various operations can be performed such as: contour turning, scraping, surface plastic deformation, external and internal grinding, honing and others. Some of these operations are illustrated in the following figures.

In FIG. 21 shows a plan view of the assembly of the machine of FIG. 19. The technological possibilities of the proposed new method for simultaneous double-sided machining are illustrated, giving an example of external grinding of two identical or different chuck parts 11, established in the opposite spindles 10 of the cross saddles 2 and 3 (or 2 'and 3'). . The feed movements of the front seat 2 (or 2 ') along the X ₃ and Z ₃ axes and of the rear seat 3 (or 3') along the X ₂ and Z axes are used, with fixed tools 6 and 7 along the X! And Z axes. ).

Claims (20)

A method for multi-operational machining of rotary parts, comprising the steps of fitting a cross turret to a machine for multi-operational machining of rotary parts on at least one turret; mounting to a cross turret caliper of a machine for multi-operational processing of rotary parts of at least one external grinding spindle for at least one grinding disc; mounting to a cross turret a machine for multi-operation machining of rotary parts of at least one internal grinding spindle for at least one grinding disc; establishing a rotary chuck or center part to the front and rear seat of the multi-operation machine; moving the cross turret in the transverse direction to process the established part, characterized in that: - the installation of the turret (4), the external grinding spindle (5) and the internal grinding spindle (8) is performed on the same cross turret (1, D); - the movement of the cross turret caliper (1, D) in the transverse direction includes the feed actuator step (21, 2D) for the roughing turret (4) and a subsequent feed actuator step (53, 53 ') for the outer and internal grinding spindles during finishing; - the drive of the cross carriage (47) for the turret (4) for roughing and the driving of the cross carriage (13) for the grinding spindles (5, 8) for the finishing work are carried out with separate feed mechanisms (21, 21 'and 53), 53 ') and engines. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the established part (11) is a pliable part, the part (11) in contact with the lunette support after installation to the front (2,2 ') or rear (3, 3') seat (22) mounted to a holder or spindle attached to the rear seat (3,3 ') or the front seat (2, 2') or to the turret (4) of the cross support (1, D). Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the established part (11) is a pliable part, the part (11) after contact with the front (2, 2 ') and rear (3, 3') saddle in contact with the lunette support (22) mounted to a holder attached to the body (35) of the machine, followed by the step of longitudinally moving the front and rear seats (2,2 'and 3,3') of the multi-operation machine at each stroke for roughing and finishing and the step of transverse movement of the front and rear seats (2, 2 'and 3, 3') after each longitudinal stroke until subsequent contact between the movable lunette support (22) and the workpiece (11), such as the longitudinal and transverse movements of the front and the rear seat (2, 2 'and 3, 3') are performed synchronously. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the established part (11) is a profile part, and the front and rear seat (2,2 'and 3,3') of the machine for multi-operational processing of rotary parts move simultaneously at performing linear or circular interpolation when processing profile details with complex geometry. 66427 Bl Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that after the installation of the part (11) to the front (2, 2 ') and rear (3, 3') saddle, the step of continuous measurement with a scanning measuring device follows head (27) for active control of the diameter of the workpiece (11) during grinding or the continuous measurement step with a scanning measuring head (27) of the current diameter and shape of the workpiece (11) in longitudinal section during longitudinal grinding and the step of continuous feed adaptive control signals during finishing. A machine for carrying out the method according to claim 1, comprising a body; rear and front seats mounted on a first longitudinal guide mounted to the body; at least one longitudinal slide mounted on a second longitudinal guide also mounted on the body; at least one cross support bearing tools mounted to the second longitudinal guide; at least one turret for roughing and at least one grinding spindle for finishing machined on the cross supports, the cross supports being mounted on the longitudinal slides and each of them comprising a first transverse slide mounted on the second longitudinal guide, characterized in that : - at least one turret (4) for roughing and at least one grinding spindle (5, 8) for finishing are mounted on the same cross support (1, 1 '); - on the first cross carriage (47) of each cross support (1, D) a second cross carriage (13) is mounted with the possibility of movement in the direction of the first cross carriage (47); - at least the front seat (2, 2 ') is crossed with the possibility of reciprocating movement in the longitudinal and transverse directions and for rotation along the B axis. Machine according to claim 6, characterized in that the cross seats (2, 2 'and 3, 3') are capable of angular repositioning. Machine according to Claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the cross seats (2. 2 'and 3. 3') can be mounted on tool holders (24) and spindles (10, 12). Machine according to claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the cross seats (2,2 'and 3, 3') and the supports (1, 2) are capable of mounting a lunette support (22). Machine according to Claim 7, characterized in that the cross seats (2, 2 'and 3, 3') are capable of mounting at least one scanning measuring head (27) for continuous active control and adaptive control during finishing in the longitudinal and transverse directions so that the contact tip of the scanning measuring head (27) is located opposite the working width of the instrument (6, 7). Machine according to any one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that the cross seats (2, 2 'and 3, 3') are capable of synchronized circular and linear interpolation when machining profile parts (11) with complex geometry. Machine according to claim 6, characterized in that it comprises a third longitudinal guide (54) bearing a second cross support (D) with at least one turret (4) for roughing and at least one grinding spindle (5) for finishing processing. Machine according to claim 12, characterized in that a movable lunette support (22) is mounted to the turret (4) for roughing the second cross caliper (D) to maintain pliable parts during their longitudinal machining by tools established to the first cross support (1). Machine according to claim 12, characterized in that a scanning measuring head (27) is mounted to the turret (4) for roughing the second cross support (D) for continuous active control and adaptive control during longitudinal and transverse direction so that the contact tip of the scanning measuring head (27) is located opposite the working width of the instrument (6, 7) when machined longitudinally by instruments mounted to the first cross support (1). Machine according to any one of claims 6 to 14, characterized in that the grinding spindles (8, 5) are for internal and external grinding, the grinding spindle (5) for external grinding being a motor-spindle with 66427 Bl possibility to install two tools (6, 7) with inclined or straight profile. Machine according to claims 6 to 15, characterized in that at least one fixed lunette support (22) and holders for processing (29, 32, 33) and measuring (27) are mounted to the body (35) of the machine. , 36, 43, 44) tools and at least one tool spindle. Machine according to claim 6, characterized in that the cross supports (1, D) are two. the second (D) being mounted on a third longitudinal guide (54) mounted to the body (35). Machine according to Claim 17, characterized in that the two cross supports (1 and D) are mounted on separate transverse slides (13, 47) driven by separate feed mechanisms (21, 53, 2D, 53 '). Machine according to claims 17 and 18, characterized in that the two cross supports (1 and D) are mounted on separate longitudinal guides (9, 54) located on both sides of the saddle guide (15) 'and 3, 3'). Machine according to Claims 17 to 19, characterized in that at least one cross support (1 or D) is movably mounted to the body (35), each cross saddle (2, 2 'and 3, 3 ') is a possibility to perform feed movements in the longitudinal and transverse direction in rough and final treatments.