BG64717B1 - Multifunctional warhead - Google Patents

Abstract

The warhead comprises two independent quickly mountable and dismantling separate parts. The leading warhead can have action assisting or differing from that of the basic warhead following it. The leading warhead (2) secures mining-directed effect having increased from 1.5 to 3 times stronger destructive effect in the direction of the object of destruction in comparison with the conventional ammunition having mining effect of the explosive. The warhead (2) of the novel or the standard type of execution is supplied with a front or bottom-type blasting fuse (4) and is housed in a casing, in the rear side of which elements are introduced, ensuring the damping effect of its explosive effect on the basic warhead (3), as well as the facility for quick and precise assembling, fixing and dismantling.

Description

(M) MULTIFUNCTIONAL BATTLE PART

Technical field

The invention relates to a multifunctional warhead intended for use in the composition of ammunition fired by grenade launchers, mortars, aviation and other jet systems, and after appropriate sizing in accordance with the requirements and overloads on firing, and in the composition of ammunition guns and howitzers.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A number of ammunition are known, the striking effect of which is provided by a combination of two independently formed, fixed or movable, but indistinguishable combat units or cumulative charges, fired as a whole and actuated in a construction-specific manner in tandem, t .f. as compound two-stroke explosive devices.

For example, as far as can be judged by [1] and the publicly available prospectus and other information on this tandem cumulative warhead, it is arranged as a combination of two independent cumulative charges, each of which is shaped as a separate warhead with a fuse, both combat units are connected and spaced apart so that they fire as a whole.

The normal combat action of this tandem warhead is expected to be, the activation of the main warhead being conditioned by the action of the advance (leading) warhead, insofar as the fuse in the main warhead is considered to be triggered by the dynamic impulse upon the explosion of the warhead. combat part.

The tandem cumulative warhead described in [2] is similarly constructed, operated and fired.

With the fixed pre-firing ammunition assembled and standard cumulative and tandem-cumulative combat units fitted, the well-known ammunition presented in [5] is also provided. Insofar as the source [5] can be judged for those of them equipped with tandem-cumulative warfare units, the main features of their performance are not materially apparent from the above.

As a whole, though with movable combat units, the tandem cumulative combat unit described in [3] is indivisibly constructed and launches, changing the character of the striking combat action of the main combat unit according to the position of the leading mobile combat unit. - from cumulative when the leading warhead is drawn and fixed in the extreme forward position, to usually extinguished when it is fully drawn back and located in the cavity of the cumulative charge with lining.

Several conclusions can be drawn about such structures, namely:

1. The known warhead components are of the tandem-cumulative type, comprising two sequentially coupled or movable, independently formed, cumulative warheads (or cumulative charges), each of which is provided with an explosive device.

Moreover, each of the constituent parts of the combat unit is arranged as standard for carrying out a puncture action, the actual cumulative charge being made of a brilliant explosive substance with a cumulative cavity formed therein, in which is placed a metal lining of dimensions and mass, providing the formation of high-speed metal cumulative jet. The cumulative charge is housed in a housing, with an additional screen (insert) behind it in the casing to optimize the detonation of the cumulative charge itself and a socket for placing an electric detonator or detonator on a bottom, usually a piezoelectric, fuse. The front of each warhead contains a fairing coupled to its hull, with the fairing of the leading warhead in some carrying a piezoelectric detector mounted on it for the bottom of the piezoelectric fuse, and the fairing of the warhead alone or with the aid of a separate remote type element a tube is fixed or movable but not detachable to the housing of the leading warhead. In combat units with a bottom fuse, the same is centered and fixed in the respective combat part by means of bushing and clamping disc (ring) mounted in the back of the hull.

2. The components of the tandem cumulative combat units are assembled to one another in the production of the finished ammunition, and in this position they are fired as a whole before firing, and the normal combat action of the tandem is determined by the action of the leading cumulative combat unit. This gives rise to the possibility of failures and incomplete activation of the main cumulative warhead in the event that, in a meeting with a purpose (barrier), the leading warhead does not activate (in the case of side impacts, rebounds, cracks and soft, barriers, etc.). When firing on military equipment equipped with dynamic protection, this may cause the tandem ammunition to fail at all to cause tangible damage.

3. With the advent of modern combat technology - tanks and others, in which two layers of dynamic protection (DZ) (so called tandem DZ) are introduced, the famous tandem-cumulative ammunition loses its qualities of a striking agent, as much as even during normal operation. their action after the first layer of DZ triggered by the leader of the cumulative charge is activated, the second remote and respectively protected against the cumulative action of the leader layer of DZ meets the basic cumulative charge and activated by it, practically 50% and more reduces its breakthrough eystvie on the main passive armor (protection). This deprives the tank of being struck or deprived of its ability to perform its combat functions.

4. The increased dimensions and mass of the tandem combat units assembled under equal other conditions lead to a reduction in such basic ballistic firing characteristics as firing rate, firing range, firing rate, etc. This reduces the shooting efficiency even slightly. protected but more distant targets, such as infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers, etc. whose weapons, however, are capable of inflicting damage within a range of 500 meters or more.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the invention to create a two-part lead-and-main multi-purpose combat unit in which each of the separately formed combat units is self-combat, selected to be maximally effective against a specific type of enemy target.

In this case, it is envisaged that the main combat component of the compound structure will be mounted in the ready-to-fire ammunition, in which case higher ballistic firing characteristics are provided - firing rate, distance, firing rate, probability of damage, etc., and ammunition is constantly prepared for firing.

The leading warhead is intended to be auxiliary to or different from that of the main warhead, being designed to allow it to be quickly assembled to the main warhead when fired jointly or, if necessary, quickly disassembled. such a launch fails.

The object of the invention is solved by arranging in the front part of the main warhead a place for quick joining, fixing and unplugging of the leading warhead and introducing a device that dampens and protects the main warhead from the action of the blast shock and the backbone parts in the blasting of the leading combat unit. At the same time, a properly selected bottom fuse is built into the main combat unit.

The leading warhead according to the type of targets struck can be implemented with different action according to the action of the main warhead, so that their total action is of maximum effectiveness. The following are possible combinations:

Combination A

Leaderboard of a new type with high-explosive action, providing 1.5 ... 3 times more powerful destructive action than the target, compared to the ordinary high-explosive explosion, and main combat unit with cumulative deep-hole action (varying from high-speed to low-speed shock type cores).

This combination is intended most of all for the destruction of modern tanks and other military equipment, equipped with one- and two-layer dynamic and basic passive protection behind it.

Combination B.

A leading combat unit with a cumulative breakthrough effect as in the main combat unit described in combination A, and a main combat unit with high-speed or thermobaric action.

This combination is recommended for defeating moving and stationary targets, provided with or without single-layer DZ, with powerful basic passive protection (armor) when its local drilling would not lead to its failure or tangible damage, but subsequent penetration through the break. the high-speed and thermobaric effect is capable of causing considerable damage to the equipment and personnel inside the site.

Other combinations with combat units of the indicated or other known types are also apparent.

The new type of high-explosive action combat unit is designed to form a charge of a high-explosive explosive substance or explosive composition with a cylindrical-spherical, cylindrical or cylindrical-conical cavity with a thin metal lining of heavy metal or without lining in the warhead housing. which is directed at its base to the affected object. The ratio of the diameter of the charge to the diameter of the cavity in its individual sections is 1.8 ... 3.2, and its height is 1 .. .2.5 times the largest diameter of the charge at a correspondingly larger height of the same . The specific thickness of the lining according to the size of the charge and the cavity is chosen so that the metal of the lining products (PV) entrained by the lining products increases their mass and the energy stored in their forward motion without showing any signs of cumulative effect.

Alternatively, at the base of the charge at maximum distance from the tip of the cavity, a massive metal plate can be detected, which receives the contact pressure from the directed explosive products (PV) and serves to deal a strong destructive impact on the target after accelerating it jointly with the SPV.

Explosion of the new type of warhead may be accomplished by a selected standard front or bottom fuze. In the case of the use of a front fuse, a fairing with a threaded orifice for the fuse is installed at the front of the warhead and a metal disk with a central opening protecting the charge and its lining from the impact of the detonating fuse is placed between the forehead of the fairing and the front face of the charge. directing the metal parts and the PV towards the ray-type capsule-detonator centrally located in the back of the charge.

With the use of a bottom fuse, the latter is mounted in the rear of the body of the warhead and securely fixed therein so that its detonator arrangement is located in a central socket formed from the rear of the charge. In this case, the fairing is made of solid, without threaded holes.

Separately behind the bottom of the charge or the bottom fuse, a cylindrical damper of material with a high deformation capacity of the type of rubber or porous material is housed in the housing. In addition, for the same purpose, the housing of the flagship is weakened by a circular groove filled in from the rear.

From the inside of the rear of the body of the high-explosive-action combat part, a diameter of the required precision is made to assemble it with the main warhead and a circular groove serving to fix it to the main warhead at a certain distance.

The described embodiment at the rear of the hull and the damper appears to be uniform for leader-designed combat units, regardless of their specific type and action.

In order to ensure that the main battle unit, independently or in the composition of the multifunctional warhead, independently of its type, a front assembly is incorporated therein, comprising elements for damping and preventing the destructive or deforming effect of the explosive dynamic impulse of the leading warhead. The front assembly contains a fairing with a plug located in it, a spring, a support disk and a damper of certain sizes according to the mechanical properties of its material (rubber, porous material, etc.), which together with the force of the plug on the spring ensures its deformation under the effect of the products of the explosion and the backward parts of the launching warhead extinguishing their impact on the fairing and hence on the main warhead as a whole.

A suitably selected bottom fuse is fitted to the charge at the rear of the main warp housing, for example [4]. Again, the body of the main warhead is constructed in such a way as to secure its attachment to the next element of the finished ammunition.

The advantages of the multifunctional warhead according to the invention over the known tandem-cumulative structures are:

- When used in combat as a component of a leading and main combat component according to the type of target selected and the combination involved, increased, striking action is achieved in the type and performance of the components, including defeat of two-tier (tandem) dynamic protection targets (objects) that are not inviolable by, standard cumulative and tandem-cumulative combat units and ammunition.

- By selecting the type and performance of the component combat units, a more effective multi-factor striking action can be provided against a variety of objectives at the expense of the complementary actions of the leading and main combat units (cumulative-punch, high-explosive, thermobaric, fragmentary) , high-explosive, etc.).

- It is possible to use only the main combat part of the ready-to-fire ammunition with its dimensions and mass being reduced, thus providing higher firing speed, firing distance, firing rate, hit probability, etc. Compared to non-disassembled pre-firing components, which provides higher combat effectiveness, especially against distant and fast moving targets.

- The quick assembly of the leading combat unit to the main unit of the ready-to-launch ammunition and the possibility of its easy and quick detachment allow for effective firing, for different purposes according to their degree of security (vulnerability), distance, danger to their own. staff and more. rapidly changing factors in the battlefield.

Description of the attached figures

Figure 1. Multifunctional warhead:

(a) in assembly with the lead and main battle units;

b) the main warhead.

Figure 2. High-explosive front-firing warhead triggered by a front fuze. Figure 3. Leaderboard with high-explosion-guided bottom-firing action.

Figure 4. Main unit frontal assembly.

Examples of implementation

The invention is illustrated by the embodiments shown in Figure 1 ... Figure 4.

In FIG. 1a shows one embodiment of a multifunctional combat unit 1 assembled as a front-mounted combat unit 2 having a high-explosive action and rear main combat unit 3, with the main combat unit 3 being of a cumulative type and provided with a bottom fuse 4 (combination A).

In FIG. 1b, the multifunctional warhead 1 is shown after disengaging the warhead 2, which is reduced to its main warhead 3, consisting of a body with corresponding equipment 30 and a streamlined front assembly 29.

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of a high-explosive front-mounted combat unit 2 equipped with a frontal blower 5. It consists of a thin-walled metal body 6 having a cylindrical-shaped front section of definite diameter that passes through a conical transition in the rear tubular part. Inside the front of the housing and the conical passage is a compressed burst charge 7 of a high-explosive explosive substance or explosive composition, in the central part of which is filled a cavity 8 with a cylindrical-conical shape, narrowing towards the rear of the housing 6. The walls of the cavity is lined with heavy metal lining 9 (copper, copper alloy with bismuth, etc.) such that the ratio of the thickness of the lining to the diameter of the cavity does not exceed in the narrowest part 0.035 in the individual sections, but in the narrowest part the widest is 0.025. The insert 5 is inserted into the rear face of the charge 7 with a central opening leading to the narrowed rear portion of the lining 9. In the back of the housing 6, the disk 12 is pressed into the housing of the charge 7 by means of an additional 13 charge 11. To the rear face of the disk 12 is attached a damper 14 of a certain size according to the mechanical properties of its material (rubber, porous material, etc.). In addition, the housing 6 is weakened by an inner groove A extending in the area of the extra 11. The additional charge 11 itself is made of a high-explosive explosive substance or explosive composition 16 pressed together with an insert with an opening 15, with a sleeve firmly housed in the central opening of the insert 15. with an aperture 17 in which a radial type 18 capsule detonator is fixed so that its flange face is oriented towards the cavity 8.

At the front of the housing 6 of the leading combat part 2 is wrapped a fairing 19 with a threaded hole in which is placed the front fuse 5 with directed to the cavity 8 detonator.

At the same time, the fairing 19, through a pad 20, presses against the front face of the charge 7 and the lining 9 a metal fuse 21 having a disk with a hole in its center having a diameter equal to or greater than 1.1 times the diameter of the detonator of the front fuse 5.

A trapezoidal groove B. is provided for self-dismantling in the rear of housing 6.

FIG. 3 shows a high-explosive front-mounted combat unit 2 triggered by a bottom fuse 27, e.g., executed according to [4]. It is arranged, in which the charge 7 is pressed in the front together with a wide spherical thin-walled lining 9 of its cavity, and a socket 24 is formed at its rear to accommodate the detonator of the bottom fuse 27. The fuse 27 itself is mounted on the forehead of a cylindrical sleeve 26 located at the rear of the housing 6 and pressing through the support 25 the rear face of the charge 7, and by means of a ring 28 screwed into the housing 6, the fuse 27 is firmly and firmly fixed against shocks during manipulation and firing, such as its rear it is forehead the damper is attached 14. A massive metal plate 22 is pressed in between the charge face 7 with the flange of the lining 9 and the dense fairing 23, pressed through the support 20. In the housing 6, the grooves A and B are provided as in FIG. 2.

The implementation of the new high-explosive-action warhead according to Fig. 3 can also be used for the main warhead with the same action (in combination B), by installing a fairing 31 with a front assembly 29 in accordance with FIG. .4.

FIG. 4 shows an example of the front unit 29 assembly of the main warhead 3 when it is made on the basis of a cumulative charge 30 housing (see FIG. 1), and one of the variants of FIG. .2 or FIG.

The front assembly 29 comprises a fairing 31 which is joined to the housing 30 of FIG. 1 and whose streamlined cone shape extends from the front to cylindrical, with a metal support disc with a central opening 33 pressed from the outlet at a certain distance from the inside of the step. outside its forehead plug with flange 38 through a spring 35, and the stopper 38 is retained by a threaded nut 31 and 37 between the nut 37 and the plug 38 an elastic washer 36. Between the plug 38 and the support disc 33, the latter is attached to the forehead. damper 34 from deformable height coelastic material (rubber, porous material).

At the cylindrical part of the fairing 31 outside at a certain distance from its forehead, in accordance with the position of the groove B in the rear of the housing 6 of the leading warfare part 2, a groove C with a spring ring 32 and a support face B with a diameter are provided therein. greater than or equal to the outer diameter of the rear of the housing 6, and at the previous length the outer diameter of the fairing 31 is selected smaller than the inner diameter of the rear of the housing 6 to accurately assemble the lead to the main warhead.

Use of the invention

The multifunctional combat unit 1 in its embodiment according to FIG. 1a, with a leading combat unit made for example in FIG. 3, is used and acted as follows in the composition of a ready-to-fire ammunition, for example a reactive anti-tank grenade, with a main battlefield mounted therein part according to FIG. 16.

Prior to launching, the two constituent warfare units 2 and 3 are assembled to one another, with the housing 6 of the leading warfare unit 2 sliding on the cylindrical portion of the front assembly 29 to a stop in the front D of the fairing 31, wherein the spring ring 32 is at the same time in the groove B of the housing 6 and the groove C of the fairing 31, which keeps the two combat parts in a fixed state, and the plug 38 sinks inward, deforming with some force the spring 35.

On firing, the fuses 27 and 4 of the two warfare units 2 and 3 are fired, and when hit (barrier), the fuse 27 is initially activated, which detonates the leading warfare unit 2. The gas-metallic jet formed therefrom by the products of the explosion of charge 7 and lining 9 strikes an impulse of 1.8 to 3.2 times the solid plate 22 and throws it at increased speed towards the target (barrier). From the increased force and power of the joint action of the impactor plate 22 and the products of the explosion as dynamically accelerating piston, such elements as the units of the hinged and built-in LH together with the safety screens between them are either destroyed and rejected or deformed ( flattened) to the extent that their normal operation is not possible and they cannot cause disruption and reduction of the cumulative breakthrough effect of the main combat unit 3.

From the action of the explosion, the housing 6 of the leading warhead is destroyed in the area of the groove A, resulting in a landing effect against the propagating backward blast wave. Additional damping (unloading) of the dynamic impact from the same and the parts of the fuse 27 applied to the main warhead 3 is achieved by the smooth and continuous deformation of the simultaneously deforming in the package damper 14, plug 38, spring 35 and damper 34, as in the deformation limit conditions, the damper 34 may break the cylindrical portion of the fairing 31 at its base to the support disk 33, which finally discharges the front assembly 29 and the main warhead 3 from unacceptable dynamic loads.

When approaching the target and striking it on the fairing 31 of the main combat unit 3, which exceeds significantly the impact load from the explosion of the leading combat unit 2, the fuse 4 is activated, which detonates the main combat unit 3 and it strikes its strikingly punching action on the target. .

For firing at remote, less protected targets or through open manpower and unarmored terrain, the multifunctional warhead according to FIG. 1a is disassembled rapidly, with the force of the arm, the leading combat portion 2 is pulled forward, with the spring ring 32 contracted and released, and the spring cap 38 facilitating its rapid separation.

In this type of ammunition again, only the main battle unit 3 in its composition is ready for launch.

The multifunctional warhead offered by the invention can be manufactured using traditional materials, methods and technical means in the industry.

By replacing the front units, and, if necessary, the fuses in the existing tandem-cumulative combat units, their modernization can be carried out on one of the variants of the multifunctional combat unit.

Claims (5)

Claims 1. A multifunctional warhead consisting of two consecutively positioned and joined stationary or movable, but indistinguishable, constituent warheads - leading and main, fired simultaneously and acting dependent in tandem, each of which is arranged as housed in its body as standard cumulative charge filled with metal lining of its cavity, with a bottom fuse mounted on the back of the charge socket by means of a sleeve and a ring connected to the housing, and provided with a fairing at the front, as in the lead of the lead The front fighter may be mounted on the front of the bottom fuze, characterized in that the leading (2) and main (3) components acting independently of one another are connected to each other by means of a rapidly assembled and rapidly dismantling means through the rear of the housing (6) of the leading warhead (2) and the front assembly (29) of the main warhead (3), which are arranged to provide sliding connection and fixing of the housing (6) of the warhead (2) ) on the front assembly (29) by focusing on the cowl (D) of the fairing (31) and from this position in the groove (B) of the housing (6), a spring ring (32) of the front assembly (29), the grooves (B), (C) and the spring ring (30) being calculated on disengaging the leading warhead (2) with a certain effort, and the main warhead (3) consists of a housing with corresponding equipment (30) and assembled with the housing (30) at the front by means of a fairing (31) of the front assembly (29), and rear fuze / 4 /, and mounted independently in a ready-to-fire ammunition. Multifunctional warhead according to claim 1, characterized in that the leading warhead (2) is provided with a housing (6) having a cylindrical front with a larger diameter and a conical transition to its rear tubular portion, in which the burst is pressed charge (7) from a high-explosive explosive substance or explosive composition, wherein a cylindrical conical cavity (8) is directed in the central portion of the charge (7), directed with its constriction to the rear of the housing (6), with the ratio of the outer diameter of charge (7) to cavity diameter (8) its individual sections are from 1.5 to 3.2, and its height is from 1 to 2.5 times the largest diameter of the charge (7), at a correspondingly greater height of the same, as in the narrowest part the thickness of the lining (9) does not exceed 0.035, but in the widest 0.025 of the corresponding cavity diameter (8), the insert (10) is pressed into the back (7) with an opening centered on the narrowing at the rear of the lining ( 9), with an additional charge (11) pressed against the back of the charge (7) by a insert (10), pressed by a disk (12) wrapped in this part of the housing (6) by means of a pad a (13) and a high-elastic material damper (14) is attached to the disk (12), and in the area of additional charge (11) the housing wall (6) is weakened by an internal groove (A) and at a certain distance an internal trapezoidal groove (B) is made from its rear face in the housing (6), the additional charge (11) being made of a high-explosive explosive or explosive composition (16) pressed together with an insert with an opening (15), and in the central opening on the insert (15) is tightly housed a sleeve with an opening (17) in which a beam detonator cap is fixedly mounted type (18) such that its flange face is oriented toward the cavity (8), with a front (19) screwed in with a threaded hole in which a front fuse (5) is directed to the housing. the cavity (8) is a detonator, wherein the fairing (19) presses, through a support (20), a metal guard (21) having a central opening disc with a diameter equal to or equal to the front face of the charge (7) and the lining (9). does not exceed 1,1 of the diameter of the detonator of the front fuse (5). Multifunctional warhead according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the leading warhead (2) is arranged to be actuated by a bottom fuse (27) located in the rear of the housing (6), the charge (7) being pressed into the housing (6) together with a spherical or cylindrical spherical lining (9) and at its rear a socket (24) is formed for the detonator of the fuse (27) which is mounted on the head of a cylindrical sleeve (26) located in the housing (6) and pressing the rear face of the charge (7) by means of a support (25), the fuse (27) being fixed at a ring (28) which is screwed in the housing (6), and the damper (14) is attached to its rear face, while the front housing (6) is fitted with a tight fairing (23), which is pressed through the pad (20) to the front face. of charge (7) and lining flange (9) of a massive metal plate (22) of disc, slightly conical or spherical shape. Multifunctional warhead according to claims 1,2 and 3, characterized in that the leading warhead (2) can be implemented as a standard cumulative, cumulative fragmentation or other type of standard warhead, such as in the rear of its housing (6) a damper (14) is located and an internal trapezoidal groove / B / is arranged. Multifunctional warhead according to claims 1,2, 3 and 4, characterized in that its main warhead (3) is arranged by interconnected front assembly (29), a standard cumulative or other equipment body (30). and mounted at the bottom in the housing (30) of the bottom fuse (4), the forefoot (29) having a thin-walled fairing (31) with a streamlined shape, extending from the front into cylindrical, as defined in accordance with the dimensions of the housing (6) of the leading the warhead (2), spaced from its front face from the inside 5 on the support step, is metal a disk (33) having a central opening, the disk (33) being pressed by a cone-shaped plug with a flange (38) extending beyond the fairing (31) through a spring (35), the stopper (38) 10 being held in place by a curved front in a fairing (31) a nut (37) with an elastic washer (36) located between it and a nut (37) and a damper (34) of high elastic material is attached to the front face of the disc (33), at a distance of 15 spaced from the face of the fairing (31) outside the cylindrical surface having a diameter smaller than the inside diameter of the rear of the housing (6) a groove (C) with a spring ring (32) and an outwardly extending spring ring (32) and a support face (B) having a diameter equal to or larger than the outer diameter of the rear of the housing (6).