BG62376B1 - Device for threshing leguminous crops - Google Patents

Abstract

The device is used for threshing and cleaning of leguminousplants. It can also be used in seeds production in the treatmentof dry-fruit vegetable and cereal crops. It performs completethreshing of the supplied plants and separation of the grains(seeds) from the stem part of the crops (straw and chaff). Thedevice includes a frame on which a pair of rubberized shafts (2 &3) are fitted, as well as a blade beater (4) with anunder-the-bitter roller grating (6) housed by suitably fabricatedcasings (7 & 8) and adequately positioned air-screen separationmechanisms including a fan (10), straw shakers (11) and flatscreens (12 & 13). The dried material is fed to the receivinghopper (1) and after their threshing the straw and the chaff areejected behind the device, and the cleaned grain (seed) isdischarged sideways from chute (14).3 claims, 1 figure

Description

The invention relates to a device for growing legumes, which provides mechanized finishing and cleaning of the grain or seeds in the cultivation of ripe field and garden beans, ripe peas, lentils, soybeans and more. bean cultures. The device will also find application in seed production in the processing of dried vegetables and cereals.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A grain-bean-finishing device is known with a universal combine, comprising a tip apparatus and separating devices suitably shaped in the design of the combine. The conveyor of the receiving chamber, the receiving beater, the tip drum and the bouncing beater were used in the design of the classic combine, wearing rubber and changing their kinematic parameters to create a "soft" mode of operation. The drum was replaced with rubberized rollers. The device is installed in place of the combine harvester when it harvests legumes.

The disadvantages of the known solution are the considerable labor intensity in the conversion of the combine for seasonal work, the presence of irreversible losses in the work due to incomplete completion of the mass, poor cleaning and a high rate of breakage and injury of the grains and seeds, which does not meet the requirements of the standard. The disadvantage is also the inability to work with mature garden beans, dried vegetables and hybrid cereals in seed production.

Technical nature

It is an object of the invention to provide a legume finishing device which, without restructuring, can be carried out qualitatively, according to the standard and with minimal losses, finishing and cleaning mature field and garden beans, as well as for working with other legumes, dried vegetables and cereals intended for seed production.

The problem is solved with a legume finishing device, including a frame with a finishing apparatus mounted on it and air-sieve separating elements, such as a receiving hopper, a pair of shafts, a blade beater with a contour drum, a straw shaker, a sieve, a fan. The two rubber shafts, with grooved surfaces, are arranged horizontally and with parallel axes, which can be moved to one another, and are externally covered by arched rubber sections. The upper sector passes into a double-arched reflecting surface, and the lower one joins a roller grille through a plane covered with smooth and grooved rubber on the inside. In the closed space between the upper arcuate surface and the roller grille, under the pair of shafts and brought out back, there is a blade bit tangentially and permanently fixed on the surface of the shaft rubber blades staggered in a longitudinal direction. The arcuate roller grille is passively rotated around its axis rubberized rollers and can be moved vertically to the blades of the beater.

The advantages of the invention are that with suitable structural working bodies, modes of operation and three-stage finishing, the combined mass of dynamic effects by pressing, grinding and elastic impact without conversion results in the complete completion of mature field and garden beans with improved quality for purity , without breaking and injuring the grains and seeds and minimal losses according to the standard. The device provides an opportunity for mechanized and high-quality separation of seeds from other legumes, as well as from dry vegetable and hybrid cereals in seed production.

Description of the attached figures

An exemplary embodiment of the legume cultivator according to the invention is illustrated by the accompanying drawings, which is a longitudinal schematic section thereof.

Examples of implementation.

The legume-growing device, capable of stationary operation and propulsion of the working organs by means of an electric motor or, in the case of a tractor mounted on the tractor, consists of a frame on which the finishing apparatus and air-sieve separating elements are mounted. The finishing apparatus is made in the form of a receiving hopper 1, under which are mounted a pair of rubberized shafts 2 and 3 with grooved surfaces, horizontal axes, which can change the gap between them. In an appropriate place, in the area under the shafts 2 and 3, rearward-facing and parallel to them, there is a paddle bit 4 with rubber surfaces and tangentially staggered rubber blades arranged on the shaft surface. External top and bottom shafts 2 and 3, as well as the beater 4, are enclosed by shells with arched sections 7 and 8, the inner surfaces of which are rubberized, the upper sector ending with an arched reflecting surface located after the bit 4 and ending with one-sided and freely secured hanging fabric curtain 9. The space between the shaft 2 and the bit 4 below them is closed by a plane 5 covered with a smooth and grooved to the bit 4 tire, directly connected to the arcuate roller grille 6. The grille covers part of the lower zone of the bit 4 having in the ability to move closer or closer to the tip of his shoulder blades. The rolls and 6a are rubberized, arranged parallel to the bit 4, and passively rotate about their axes.

The air-separating separating elements are mounted below and behind the finishing apparatus and are made in the form of a two-shaft straw-shaking unit 11 located immediately behind the grate 6 in the longitudinal direction. Below the grate 6 and the slots 11 are mounted in a common grate mill one by one the top 12 and bottom 13 flat screens. The fan 10 is positioned below and parallel to the bit 4, its outlet channel being directed back to the space below the slots 11 and above the lower sieve 13. At the rear end of the lower sieve 13, a collecting groove 14 is attached to the grain (seeds).

Application of the invention

After the working bodies are deployed, the dried mass is fed into the receiving hopper 1, where it is gripped by rotating shafts of different speeds 2 and 3, which by cracking and grinding crack the peppers and finish the mass in the first stage. Discharged at a rapid rate, it enters the wedge-shaped zone of the blade bit 4, whose blades, by applying elastic shocks and rubbing on the grooved rubber surface 5, the rubberized rollers 6 and the rubberized surface of the casing 8, engage it and perform the same overhang. The separated grain and small impurities are sieved through the roller grille 6 and fall at the beginning of the upper sieve 12 and blown by the fan 10. The stem mass / straw / together with the partially separated pepper grains as well as the free but not sieved grain through the roller grille 6 are ejected at a speed to the rear arcuate part of the casing 8 and the fabric curtain 9, from which they are reflected at the beginning of the slugs 11 and final completion in the third stage is performed due to the additional dynamic effects. Straw is discarded from the straw shakes 11 behind the device, the chaff and light impurities are blown out by the fan 10 also behind the device, small but heavier impurities are sieved below the bottom sieve 13 and the clean grain (seeds) is removed at the end and taken away. from the collecting chute 14.

Claims (3)

A bean-crushing device, including a frame with a finishing device mounted thereon, in the form of a receiving hopper, a pair of shafts and a blade beater with a contour drum, as well as air-sieve separating elements, characterized in that the pair of shafts (2, 3) the finishing apparatus is formed by rubber grooved surfaces and horizontal parallel axes, adjustable relative to each other, each externally covered by arched rubber sections (7), the upper of which is formed as a double-arched reflecting surface (8), and e the flange 3 is joined to a roller grille (6) by a plane (5), coated on the inside in series with smooth and grooved rubber, and in the closed space between the front of the double-arched reflecting surface (8) and the roller grille (6) is the blade bit (4) is located. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that the roller grille (6) is movable in the vertical plane to the blades of the blade bit (4) and is provided with passively rotated rubberized axes. rollers (6a). Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the blade beater (4) is tangentially fixed to the surface of its shaft by elastic blades, staggered in a more than 5 false direction and with a fully rubberized surface, while being blade-like. (4) is located below and behind the pair of shafts (2,3). 3 claims