BG109172A - Dry light material for civil works and mortar threreof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to dry light material for making building mortar applicable in housing and industrial civil works for making heat-insulating mortar over facade walls, partition walls, ceilings and for building elements. The solid plastering or the facing elements produced have high heat and sound insulation characteristics and are practically incombustible. The mortar is applied lightly, manually or by machine, thus allowing high productivity. The number of operations in fitting the heat insulation is reduced, and no additional binding means and materials are used. It is perfectly applied onto facades of complex configuration. It can also be used as an intermediate layer in gypsum-and-cardboard walls and in other structural elements of sandwich type. After solidification it can easily be worked using any cutting tools for any need of driving in of different communication means. It enables the removal of any condensation moisture into the atmosphere and prevents any appearance of moulds. The mortar has excellent adhesion to concrete and brickwork. Over the plastering produced water repelling fine plastering can be applied and ceramic tiles be laid. The mortar contains dry material; comprising the following ingredients, in wt.%: cement from 40 to 70, expanded polystyrene from 2 to 8, hydrated lime from 15 to 50, pearlite from 1 to 10, cellulose ether from 1 to 8, air involving substance 0.1-2, polymer 0.2-1.7 and water at ratio 25-35 wt. pts. per 100 wt. pts. dry material.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relates to a dry lightweight material that will be used in residential and industrial construction, in particular for the preparation of mortars for thermal insulation rendering of facade walls, interior walls, ceilings, as well as in the construction of building blocks.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Lightweight building materials are known - building and thermal insulation, such as clay concrete, pearl concrete and cellular concrete. Perlite concrete is known which contains cement, perlite sand and water. (Stamenov C, Building Materials and Testing, 1978). The disadvantages of this material are the high volume weight, insufficient workability and thermal insulation capacity.

Known construction material (BG patent 50880) intended for thermal insulation containing cement, water, water glass, polystyrene foam and silica powder. Despite the achievement of effective sound insulation, practical non-combustibility, this material has an insufficient volume weight with insufficient thermal insulation capacity. There is a high cost, labor intensity, a high percentage of waste product.

The use of polymeric materials in the form of cladding elements for thermal insulation of buildings based on polystyrene, polyurethane is known. When such thermal insulation elements are used, molds between the wall and the insulation material occur due to the lack of conductivity for the condensation moisture. The cladding elements need additional tools and materials to attach them to the facades, such as adhesives, dowels, nets, clips, and more.

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The technical problems to be solved by the present invention are to provide a thermal insulation material with a minimum volume weight, maximum compressive strength, high thermal and acoustic performance, whilst having optimum air permeability, providing condensation moisture removal and mold prevention, being practically non-combustible, able to be cooked on site, easily portable, to allow construction and cladding elements to be manufactured o easy to attach.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

These problems are solved by the creation of dry lightweight material for mortar and mortar, for the production of plaster and the production of cladding and building elements for thermal insulation and sound insulation of buildings.

The dry lightweight construction material consists of cement, hydrated lime, perlite, cellulose ether, air-entraining substance, expanded polystyrene, powdered polymer at weight percent ratios in the range of: cement - 40 to 70%, expanded polystyrene -2-8%, hydrated lime -15-50%, perlite - 1 - 10%, cellulose ether - 1 - 8%, air-entraining substance - 0.1 - 2%, polymer - 0.2 -1.7%. Surfactants, preferably hydrophilic non-ionic surfactants, are used as an air-entraining agent. As a powder polymer, a polymer selected from the group of polymers based on vinyl acetate, vinyl versatate, ethylene, acrylate, styrene, vinyl chloride or mixtures thereof, preferably a styrene / acrylate polymer mixture, is used.

The mortar contains 25 - 35 parts by weight of water per 100 parts by weight of dry construction material.

The dry construction material is prepared by mixing and stirring the components and can be packaged in transportable containers. The mortar is prepared either by hand or by machine, by mixing the dry material with water. After stirring, leave the solution at rest for 10-15 minutes, then stir again before proceeding to application.

The obtained solid plaster or the prepared lining element have high rates of heat and sound insulation - the insulation index meets all the requirements of BflCEN. The limit of fire resistance is greater than 187 minutes, which makes the product practically incombustible. The mortar is applied lightly, both manually and mechanically, allowing for high productivity. The number of operations during thermal insulation is reduced, no additional materials and means are used. It can be perfectly applied to complex facades. It can be used for application both on the outside of the facade and inside a thinner layer of the wall, after which the putty is made. It can be used as an intermediate layer in gypsum board walls and other sandwich building blocks. After curing, it is easily treated with cutting tools for the purpose of passing various means of communication - plumbing, electric installations, cable highways. The composition according to the invention allows the removal of condensation moisture into the atmosphere and thus prevents the appearance of molds on the walls. It is particularly recommended that the building material be used in new buildings where the degree of humidity in the building is still high. The mortar has a very good adhesion to concrete, brick (foamed or plain). It can be used as under-roof insulation and as a joint filler in the intersectional spaces of buildings. It can be used as a lining plaster, on which a water-repellent fine screed is applied or faience tiles are laid.

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EXAMPLES

Examples 1 to 3 give the composition by weight of dry lightweight construction material.

Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 ENP 6 5 3 Cement 41 55 65 Hydrated lime 45 32 20 Perlite 1.4 3 8 Cellulose ether 6 3 1 BBB 0.1 0.8 1.5 Polymer 0.5 1,2 1.5

as ENP means expanded polystyrene, cellulose ether is powdered ethyloxyethyl cellulose, air-entraining substance is hydrophilic non-ionic surfactant in powder form, polymer is powdered polystyrene / polyacrylate.

The dry material is obtained by mixing the components and stirring. It is of low volume weight. Packaged in suitable packaging, such as paper, must be stored under the conditions of storage of cement products and hydrated lime, ie. in dry rooms.

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EXAMPLE 4 Mortar - Contains 30 parts by weight of water per 100 parts by weight of dry material. Obtained as 100 parts by weight of dry material are stirred for 20-25 minutes or until a homogeneous mixture is obtained in a concrete mixer or forced-type mixer. After stirring, the solution is at rest for 10-15 minutes. Stirring again for about 5 minutes until bubbling and bubbling and ready for application.

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9 9 99 • · · · · · · · ·. ...

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Use of mortar

The mortar obtained as in Example 4 was applied as a simple lime-cement mortar. It is recommended not to apply pressure during application and smoothing. It is applied to a layer with a thickness of 3 to 5 cm. In cases where a larger thickness is required, it can be applied in several layers. Before laying the material, it is recommended that the wall be wet and sprayed with water cement at about 2 kg / m ² . Syringe is required if the base has been coated with mortar or other coarse plaster. After curing the building material - about 4 to 7 days, a fine water repellent putty can be put on it, which gives a complete appearance to the stole and is painted with, for example, latex. Maximum strength of the plaster is obtained by the standard on the 28th day.

Indicators of the hardened product: volume mass - 230-235 kg / m 3, compressive strength - 0,8 N / mm ² , adhesive strength to concrete in tension - 0,3N / mm ² , thermal conductivity - 0,064W / mK , water absorption coefficient - 0.29 kg / m ² .min ⁰ ' ⁵ .

Claims (5)

Patent Claims 1. Dry, lightweight cement-based and foam-based construction material, characterized in that it also contains - hydrated lime, cellulose ether, air-entraining substance and powder polymer at weight percent ratios in the range: cement - 40 to 70%, expanded polystyrene -2-8%, hydrated lime - 15 - 50%, perlite - 1 - 10%, cellulose ether -1 - 8%, air-entraining substance - 0.1 - 2%, polymer 0.2-1.7%. A dry lightweight material according to claim 1, characterized in that the air-entraining substance is a surfactant, preferably a hydrophilic non-ionic surfactant. A dry lightweight material according to claim 1, characterized in that the powder polymer is selected from the group of polymers based on: vinyl acetate, vinversatate, ethylene, acrylate, styrene and vinyl chloride, or mixtures thereof. 4. Mortar comprising a dry material consisting of: cement - 40 to 70% by weight. %, hydrated lime - 15 - 50 wt. %, perlite - 1 - 10 wt. %, cellulose ether - 1 - 8 wt. %, air-entraining substance - 0.1 - 2 wt. %, expanded polystyrene - 2 - 8% by weight, polymer - 0.2 - 1.7% by weight and water at a ratio of 25 - 35 parts by weight water per 100 parts by weight of dry material. Use of a building material according to claim 1 or 4 for making a thermal insulation plaster for buildings and for embedding thermal insulating building elements in building or lining.