BE726454A - - Google Patents

Info

Publication number
BE726454A
BE726454A BE726454DA BE726454A BE 726454 A BE726454 A BE 726454A BE 726454D A BE726454D A BE 726454DA BE 726454 A BE726454 A BE 726454A
Authority
BE
Belgium
Application number
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed filed Critical
Publication of BE726454A publication Critical patent/BE726454A/xx

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61D—VETERINARY INSTRUMENTS, IMPLEMENTS, TOOLS, OR METHODS
    • A61D7/00—Devices or methods for introducing solid, liquid, or gaseous remedies or other materials into or onto the bodies of animals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F6/00—Contraceptive devices; Pessaries; Applicators therefor
    • A61F6/06—Contraceptive devices; Pessaries; Applicators therefor for use by females
    • A61F6/08—Pessaries, i.e. devices worn in the vagina to support the uterus, remedy a malposition or prevent conception, e.g. combined with devices protecting against contagion
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/557—Eicosanoids, e.g. leukotrienes or prostaglandins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0034—Urogenital system, e.g. vagina, uterus, cervix, penis, scrotum, urethra, bladder; Personal lubricants
    • A61K9/0036—Devices retained in the vagina or cervix for a prolonged period, e.g. intravaginal rings, medicated tampons, medicated diaphragms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M31/00—Devices for introducing or retaining media, e.g. remedies, in cavities of the body
    • A61M31/002—Devices for releasing a drug at a continuous and controlled rate for a prolonged period of time
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C405/00—Compounds containing a five-membered ring having two side-chains in ortho position to each other, and having oxygen atoms directly attached to the ring in ortho position to one of the side-chains, one side-chain containing, not directly attached to the ring, a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, and the other side-chain having oxygen atoms attached in gamma-position to the ring, e.g. prostaglandins ; Analogues or derivatives thereof

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Reproductive Health (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Gynecology & Obstetrics (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
BE726454D 1968-01-04 1969-01-03 BE726454A (en:Method)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US69601168A 1968-01-04 1968-01-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
BE726454A true BE726454A (en:Method) 1969-07-03

Family

ID=24795343

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
BE726454D BE726454A (en:Method) 1968-01-04 1969-01-03

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US3545439A (en:Method)
JP (1) JPS5125677B1 (en:Method)
BE (1) BE726454A (en:Method)
BR (1) BR6905338D0 (en:Method)
CA (1) CA985173A (en:Method)
CH (1) CH554172A (en:Method)
DE (1) DE1900196A1 (en:Method)
ES (1) ES360946A1 (en:Method)
FR (1) FR1604934A (en:Method)
GB (1) GB1252021A (en:Method)
GT (1) GT196811877A (en:Method)
MY (1) MY7500059A (en:Method)
NL (1) NL6818655A (en:Method)
SE (1) SE369375B (en:Method)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2197582A1 (en) * 1972-09-05 1974-03-29 Moyer Dean Intra-uterine device - for prevention of implantation of blastocysts

Families Citing this family (122)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4344431A (en) * 1969-03-24 1982-08-17 University Of Delaware Polymeric article for dispensing drugs
US3887699A (en) * 1969-03-24 1975-06-03 Seymour Yolles Biodegradable polymeric article for dispensing drugs
US3880991A (en) * 1969-03-24 1975-04-29 Brook David E Polymeric article for dispensing drugs
CH508391A (fr) * 1969-04-08 1971-06-15 Charis Aka Charilaos George Ma Dispositif gynécologique destiné à être introduit dans l'utérus
US3911911A (en) * 1969-06-16 1975-10-14 Reese Hospital Michael Anti-fertility device
AU449029B2 (en) * 1969-08-28 1974-04-17 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Device for administration to ruminants
US3656483A (en) * 1970-01-15 1972-04-18 Biolog Concepts Inc Intrauterine medicator
US3809076A (en) * 1971-06-16 1974-05-07 I Chabon Intrauterine contraceptive device
US3892238A (en) * 1971-09-16 1975-07-01 Abbott Lab Drug supporting anchor
BE795384A (fr) * 1972-02-14 1973-08-13 Ici Ltd Pansements
US4016251A (en) * 1972-08-17 1977-04-05 Alza Corporation Vaginal drug dispensing device
US4102998A (en) * 1972-10-02 1978-07-25 Morton Gutnick Process for the prevention of venereal disease
US3996933A (en) * 1972-10-02 1976-12-14 Morton Gutnick Intrauterine contraceptive devices and processes
US3888975A (en) * 1972-12-27 1975-06-10 Alza Corp Erodible intrauterine device
US3854476A (en) * 1973-04-05 1974-12-17 R Dickinson Intra-vaginal device and method
US4111196A (en) * 1973-07-27 1978-09-05 Lionel C. R. Emmett Intrauterine contraceptive device of c or omega form with tubular inserter and method of placement
GB1465684A (en) * 1973-07-27 1977-02-23 Emmett L Contraceptive device
US3851648A (en) * 1973-10-11 1974-12-03 Mead Johnson & Co Zero-order release device
US3924622A (en) * 1973-10-11 1975-12-09 Mead Johnson & Co Zero-order release method
US3901232A (en) * 1973-10-26 1975-08-26 Alza Corp Integrated device for administering beneficial drug at programmed rate
US3976071A (en) * 1974-01-07 1976-08-24 Dynatech Corporation Methods of improving control of release rates and products useful in same
US4014987A (en) * 1974-06-04 1977-03-29 Alza Corporation Device for delivery of useful agent
US4018220A (en) * 1974-07-19 1977-04-19 Lionel C. R. Emmett Method of insertion for intrauterine device of C or omega form with tubular inserter
US3948263A (en) * 1974-08-14 1976-04-06 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Ballistic animal implant
DE2445971A1 (de) * 1974-09-24 1976-04-08 Schering Ag Arzneimittelwirkstofftraeger ii
US4155991A (en) * 1974-10-18 1979-05-22 Schering Aktiengesellschaft Vaginal ring
US3992518A (en) * 1974-10-24 1976-11-16 G. D. Searle & Co. Method for making a microsealed delivery device
US3946106A (en) * 1974-10-24 1976-03-23 G. D. Searle & Co. Microsealed pharmaceutical delivery device
US4053580A (en) * 1975-01-01 1977-10-11 G. D. Searle & Co. Microsealed pharmaceutical delivery device
US4024871A (en) * 1975-07-23 1977-05-24 Ethicon, Inc. Antimicrobial sutures
US4031886A (en) * 1975-09-11 1977-06-28 Morhenn Vera B Occlusive pessary
US3995633A (en) * 1975-12-02 1976-12-07 The Procter & Gamble Company Vaginal Medicament dispensing device
US3991760A (en) * 1975-12-02 1976-11-16 The Procter & Gamble Company Vaginal medicament dispensing means
US4043339A (en) * 1976-02-02 1977-08-23 The Upjohn Company Method of and vaginal insert for prostaglandin administration
US4310510A (en) * 1976-12-27 1982-01-12 Sherman Kenneth N Self administrable anti-fertility composition
GB1601777A (en) * 1977-04-29 1981-11-04 Ortho Pharma Corp Vaginal diaphragm and a method for the production thereof
US4093490A (en) * 1977-04-29 1978-06-06 Ortho Pharmaceutical Corporation Method of making vaginal diaphragm
US4191741A (en) * 1978-09-22 1980-03-04 Eli Lilly And Company Removable drug implant
US4215691A (en) * 1978-10-11 1980-08-05 Alza Corporation Vaginal contraceptive system made from block copolymer
US4237885A (en) * 1978-10-23 1980-12-09 Alza Corporation Delivery system with mated members for storing and releasing a plurality of beneficial agents
DK156375C (da) * 1978-11-07 1990-03-05 Pfizer Praeparater til oral administration til droevtyggere med langvarig medikamentafgivelse
US4292965A (en) * 1978-12-29 1981-10-06 The Population Council, Inc. Intravaginal ring
US4250611A (en) * 1979-04-19 1981-02-17 Alza Corporation Process for making drug delivery device with reservoir
FI791598A7 (fi) * 1979-05-14 1981-01-01 Dia Sert Corp Emättimeen asetettava ehkäisyväline.
US4264576A (en) * 1979-06-28 1981-04-28 Eli Lilly And Company Contraceptive methods and compositions
US4264575A (en) * 1979-07-16 1981-04-28 Eli Lilly And Company Contraceptive methods and compositions
US4264578A (en) * 1979-07-16 1981-04-28 Eli Lilly And Company Contraceptive methods and compositions
US4264577A (en) * 1979-08-03 1981-04-28 Eli Lilly And Company Contraceptive methods and compositions
US4326510A (en) * 1979-11-20 1982-04-27 World Health Organization Barrier contraceptive torus
US4402695A (en) * 1980-01-21 1983-09-06 Alza Corporation Device for delivering agent in vagina
DE3040978A1 (de) * 1980-10-28 1982-05-27 Schering Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 4619 Bergkamen Vaginalring
US4629449A (en) * 1982-07-29 1986-12-16 Alza Corporation Vaginal dispenser for dispensing beneficial hormone
US4469671A (en) * 1983-02-22 1984-09-04 Eli Lilly And Company Contraceptive device
US4589880A (en) * 1983-07-14 1986-05-20 Southern Research Institute Disposable spermicide-releasing diaphragm
GB8403360D0 (en) * 1984-02-08 1984-03-14 Erba Farmitalia Pharmaceutical compositions
US4690683A (en) * 1985-07-02 1987-09-01 Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey Transdermal varapamil delivery device
US4816257A (en) * 1985-09-20 1989-03-28 Research & Education Institute, Harbor-Ucla Medical Center Inc. Method for producing an in vivo environment suitable for human embryo transfer
NZ217844A (en) * 1985-10-11 1989-10-27 Sumitomo Pharma A sustained release pharmaceutical composition containing silicone elastomer and an albumin
NL8600250A (nl) * 1986-02-01 1987-09-01 Fundatech Sa Vaginaal anticonceptiemiddel.
US5422118A (en) * 1986-11-07 1995-06-06 Pure Pac, Inc. Transdermal administration of amines with minimal irritation and high transdermal flux rate
ATE68687T1 (de) * 1987-01-15 1991-11-15 Fortune Capital Management Pessar.
US5146931A (en) * 1988-08-15 1992-09-15 Kurz Karl Heinz Device to be placed in the uterus
GB8819477D0 (en) * 1988-08-16 1988-09-21 Wellcome Found Medicaments
US5181505A (en) * 1989-03-08 1993-01-26 Lew Chel W Method and apparatus for delivery of a medicament in the oral cavity
US5002540A (en) * 1989-05-22 1991-03-26 Warren Kirschbaum Intravaginal device and method for delivering a medicament
GB2254002B (en) * 1991-01-16 1995-03-22 Controlled Therapeutics Retrievable pessary
US5224493A (en) * 1991-01-30 1993-07-06 Cadco Corporation Contraceptive intracervical device and novel nonsystemic agents for the prevention of conception and disease
FI93922C (fi) * 1993-06-17 1995-06-26 Leiras Oy Vaikuttavaa ainetta luovuttava laite
FI95768C (fi) 1993-06-17 1996-03-25 Leiras Oy Emättimensisäinen antosysteemi
CA2113218A1 (en) * 1993-10-01 1995-04-02 Michael J. Oldham Method of using lectins for contraception and prophylaxis against diseases transmittable by sexual contact and apparatus for administering lectins
IL116433A (en) * 1994-12-19 2002-02-10 Galen Chemicals Ltd INTRAVAGINAL DRUG DELIVERY DEVICES FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF 17β-OESTRADIOL PRECURSORS
GB9522403D0 (en) * 1995-11-01 1996-01-03 Hoechst Roussel Ltd Intravaginal drug delivery device
NZ286492A (en) 1996-05-01 1998-02-26 Dec International Nz Ltd Subst Intra vaginal devices for synchronising oestrus of animals is made up of cured silicone rubber material with 5% by weight of progesterone
US5972372A (en) * 1996-07-31 1999-10-26 The Population Council, Inc. Intravaginal rings with insertable drug-containing core
FR2756493B1 (fr) 1996-12-02 2001-04-13 Delab Dispositif d'administration locale de formulations solides ou semi-solides
US6039968A (en) * 1997-06-24 2000-03-21 Hoechst Marion Roussel Intravaginal drug delivery device
US6361780B1 (en) * 1998-11-12 2002-03-26 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Microporous drug delivery system
US6486207B2 (en) 1998-12-10 2002-11-26 Nexmed (Holdings), Inc. Compositions and methods for amelioration of human female sexual dysfunction
US6825234B2 (en) 1998-12-10 2004-11-30 Nexmed (Holdings) , Inc. Compositions and methods for amelioration of human female sexual dysfunction
US20070191320A1 (en) * 1998-12-10 2007-08-16 Nexmed Holdings, Inc. Methods of treatment for female sexual arousal disorder
GB0009914D0 (en) 2000-04-20 2000-06-07 Metris Therapeutics Limited Device
US7521064B2 (en) * 2000-08-24 2009-04-21 Saxena Brij B Non-hormonal vaginal contraceptive
US6671562B2 (en) 2001-11-09 2003-12-30 Oscor Inc. High impedance drug eluting cardiac lead
AU2003226746A1 (en) * 2002-03-27 2003-10-08 Galen (Chemicals) Limited Intravaginal matrix drug delivery devices
ATE461681T1 (de) * 2003-04-29 2010-04-15 Gen Hospital Corp Verfahren und vorrichtungen für die verzögerte freisetzung von mehreren arzneimitteln
TWI336627B (en) * 2003-05-23 2011-02-01 Organon Nv Drug delivery system,and use and manufacturing method thereof
US8399013B2 (en) 2003-06-26 2013-03-19 Poly-Med, Inc. Partially absorbable fiber-reinforced composites for controlled drug delivery
US8404272B2 (en) 2003-06-26 2013-03-26 Poly-Med, Inc. Fiber-reinforced composite rings for intravaginal controlled drug delivery
US8217219B2 (en) 2003-12-29 2012-07-10 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Anatomically conforming vaginal insert
US20060270640A1 (en) * 2004-02-18 2006-11-30 Mercian Corporation Method of preventing, medicating, and/or treating hypocalcemia of domestic mammal
DE602005026290D1 (de) * 2004-07-09 2011-03-24 Population Council Inc Zusammensetzungen mit verzögerter freisetzung mit progesteron-rezeptormodulatoren
MX2008000874A (es) 2005-07-19 2008-04-04 Population Council Inc Metodos y composiciones para anticoncepcion de emergencia utilizando antagonistas del receptor de endotelina.
CN101448452B (zh) * 2006-03-20 2012-07-18 特卫华妇女健康有限公司 挠性压缩的阴道内环、其制备和使用方法及其生产设备
US7824383B2 (en) * 2006-06-16 2010-11-02 Family Health International Vaginal drug delivery system and method
USD619250S1 (en) 2007-06-14 2010-07-06 Family Health International Vaginal drug delivery device
AR066166A1 (es) * 2007-09-21 2009-07-29 Organon Nv Sistema de suministro de droga
AU2009206328A1 (en) * 2008-01-25 2009-07-30 The University Of Utah Research Foundation Linear order release polymer
DK2249757T3 (en) 2008-02-04 2017-10-16 Ferring Bv Monolithic vaginal rings comprising progesterone and methods of preparation and use thereof.
US9034365B2 (en) 2008-05-20 2015-05-19 Poly-Med, Inc. Biostable, multipurpose, microbicidal intravaginal devices
US20100040671A1 (en) * 2008-08-12 2010-02-18 Ahmed Salah U Intravaginal Devices With a Rigid Support, Methods of Making, and Uses Thereof
EP4108216A1 (en) 2009-06-03 2022-12-28 Forsight Vision5, Inc. Anterior segment drug delivery
AU2010274946B2 (en) 2009-07-21 2013-09-12 The Population Council, Inc. Multi-layered gradient vaginal ring
WO2011126810A2 (en) * 2010-03-28 2011-10-13 Evestra, Inc. Intravaginal drug delivery device
US8580294B2 (en) 2010-10-19 2013-11-12 International Partnership For Microbicides Platinum-catalyzed intravaginal rings
US9078813B2 (en) * 2010-11-12 2015-07-14 The University Of Utah Research Foundation Intravaginal devices for controlled delivery of lubricants
JP5989780B2 (ja) 2011-09-14 2016-09-07 フォーサイト・ビジョン５・インコーポレイテッドＦｏｒｓｉｇｈｔ Ｖｉｓｉｏｎ５，Ｉｎｃ． 眼挿入装置および方法
EP2641602A1 (en) 2012-03-23 2013-09-25 PregLem S.A. Method for treating gynecological diseases
US9095744B2 (en) * 2012-06-04 2015-08-04 Caryn M. Horsley Medical exercise device
US20130324380A1 (en) * 2012-06-04 2013-12-05 Caryn M. Horsley Medical exercise device
SI2911623T1 (sl) 2012-10-26 2019-12-31 Forsight Vision5, Inc. Oftalmični sistem za podaljšano sproščanje zdravila v oko
KR20150139919A (ko) 2013-04-10 2015-12-14 쁘레글렘 에스아 자궁 섬유종의 치료에서 사용하기 위한 프로게스테론 수용체 조절제
WO2015055789A1 (en) 2013-10-17 2015-04-23 Bayer Pharma Aktiengesellschaft INTRAVAGINAL USE OF 18-METHYL-15ß,16ß-METHYLENE-19-NOR-20-SPIROX-4-EN-3-ONES, INTRAVAGINAL RINGS COMPRISING 18-METHYL-15ß,16ß-METHYLENE-19-NOR-20-SPIROX-4-EN-3-ONES, AND USE THEREOF IN CONTRACEPTION
US10137031B2 (en) 2013-11-14 2018-11-27 International Partnership For Microbicides, Inc. Combination therapy intravaginal rings
US10413504B2 (en) 2013-12-11 2019-09-17 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Intravaginal ring drug delivery system
EP3079659B1 (en) 2013-12-11 2020-10-28 Merck Sharp & Dohme B.V. Drug delivery system for delivery of anti-virals
US20160089380A1 (en) * 2014-09-29 2016-03-31 Yale University Progesterone impregnated vaginal ring/pessary
EP3283004A4 (en) 2015-04-13 2018-12-05 Forsight Vision5, Inc. Ocular insert composition of semi-crystalline or crystalline pharmaceutically active agent
CA3080325A1 (en) 2017-10-27 2019-05-02 Renovia Inc. Devices, systems, and methods for training pelvic floor muscles
USD935018S1 (en) * 2020-04-07 2021-11-02 The Population Council, Inc. Contraceptive
US20250248928A1 (en) 2022-04-14 2025-08-07 Yale University Nanoparticles and nanoparticle-releasing vaginal rings
US20230404910A1 (en) * 2022-06-16 2023-12-21 Stephanie Gore Implantable cannabis transdermal
WO2024220766A1 (en) 2023-04-19 2024-10-24 Oak Crest Institute Of Science Vaginal drug delivery device

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2197582A1 (en) * 1972-09-05 1974-03-29 Moyer Dean Intra-uterine device - for prevention of implantation of blastocysts

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GT196811877A (es) 1970-05-29
SE369375B (en:Method) 1974-08-26
CA985173A (en) 1976-03-09
NL6818655A (en:Method) 1969-07-08
GB1252021A (en:Method) 1971-11-03
ES360946A1 (es) 1970-08-01
US3545439A (en) 1970-12-08
CH554172A (de) 1974-09-30
FR1604934A (en:Method) 1971-05-15
JPS5125677B1 (en:Method) 1976-08-02
BR6905338D0 (pt) 1973-03-07
MY7500059A (en) 1975-12-31
DE1900196A1 (de) 1969-07-31

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
AU1946070A (en:Method)
AU428130B2 (en:Method)
AU2374870A (en:Method)
AU5184069A (en:Method)
AU6168869A (en:Method)
AU6171569A (en:Method)
AU416157B2 (en:Method)
AU429879B2 (en:Method)
AU2581067A (en:Method)
AU4811568A (en:Method)
AU421558B1 (en:Method)
AU3789668A (en:Method)
AU4744468A (en:Method)
AU2580267A (en:Method)
AU3224368A (en:Method)
BE581157A (en:Method)
BE708933A (en:Method)
AU4558658A (en:Method)
AU463027A (en:Method)
AU4464266A (en:Method)
AU479393A (en:Method)
AU479894A (en:Method)
BE726454A (en:Method)
BE709119A (en:Method)
AU2889368A (en:Method)