BE565536A

BE565536A -

Info

Publication number: BE565536A
Authority: BE

Description

       

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   La présente invention se rapporte à un procédé de fabrication de marbres artificiels et de pavements ou revêtements en mosaïque soit à la vénitienne, soit à la manière de Palladio dans lequel aux petites pièces, petits cubes et petits grains de marbre naturel présentement utilisés sont'substitués des pierres ou des marbres artificiels, ainsi qu'à une machine pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé. 



   La caractéristique principale de l'invention est d'obtenir les veines imitant le marbre ou marbrures par l'adjonction dans le mortier qui doit constituer l'agglo- mérat de liaison des éléments de carrelage d'oxydes colorants 

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 lorsque le mortier est soumis à l'action de la force centrifuge ou à un roulement et, de préférence, lorsqu'il se trouve à l'intérieur d'un cylindre tournant qui constitue la partie fondamentale de la machine mélangeuse sus-indiquxe 
Le procédé consiste essentiellement à préparer un mortier avec les éléments convenablement dosés   comme   il sera spécifié par la suite, à gâcher cette substance et à la soumettre à l'action centrifuge,

   par exemple en l'introdui- sana dans une machine mélangeuse spéciale dans laquelle se produit la formation des marbrures moyennant l'adjonction d'oxydes colorants et l'amoncellement ou la mise en état grumelé comme on dit communément, du mortier complet qui doit constituer l'élément de carrelage, à disposer le mélange obtenu dans des moules convenables, à. le soumettre à la vibration, à exercer sur le produit déjà vibré la pression voulue, puis à le laisser vieillir et enfin à soumettre le produit aux opérations de meulage, polissage et astiquage. 



   La formation des marbrures et l'amoncellement ou la mise du mortier en état grumelé peuvent être réalisés dans une mélangeuse de type quelconque, mais, en pratique, les meilleurs résultats ont été fournis par une machine qui, bien que de petites dimensions, permet d'obtenir une-produc- tion importante à faibles frais, cette machine présentant deux cylindres mélangeurs actionnés par un petit moteur électrique de faible consommation. La machine illustrée et décrite par la suite est en effet actionnée par un petit moteur électrique de 0,45   Hp   seulement. 



   D'autres caractéristiques de l'invention apparaîtront dans la description qui va suivre, en regard des dessins annexés à titre d'exemple non limitatif, et cui fera bien comprendre comment l'invention peut être mise en pratique. 

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   La fig. 1 est une vue de dessus d'une mélangeuse. 



   La   fige 2   est une vue frontale de la mélangeuse de la fig. 1 selon la ligne A-A de cette figure. 



   La figure 3 est une vue latérale de la fig. 1 suivant la ligne B-B. 



   Comme illustré aux figures,la mélangeuse est consti- tuée par un bâti 1 en tube de fer sur lequel sont montés côte à côte deux cylindres 2, respectivement 2' et 2 dans lesquels se produisent la marmorification et l'amoncellement du mortier. 



  On appelle marmorification l'opération qui permet de donner aux pièces obtenues par l'utilisation du mortier l'aspect du marbre par création de marbrures. 



   (Naturellement la position des cylindres est inclinée de telle sorte que le mortier puisse, à partir de l'entrée de chargement prévue à la partie supérieure des cylindres, s'écouler facilement vers l'ouverture de décharge prévue à la partie infé- rieure, puis dans la trémie de décharge unique 9. 



   Les cylindres 2 sont supportés par des rouleaux caoutchoutés porteurs 5. En outre, à la partie supérieure placée sous ces cylindres sont prévus des rouleaux caout- choutés de butée 3 opportunément guidés par des guides 4 aménagés sur ces cylindres. 



   Le fonctionnement de la mélangeuse est le suivant : Un petit moteur électrique 7, par l'intermédiaire d'une chaîne de transmission 8 appropriée, imprime le mouvement de rotation au cylindre 2'. Entre les cylindres 2' et   2"   sont prévus des rouleaux caoutchoutés 6 de transmission du mouvement de telle sorte que le cylindre 2' actionné par le petit moteur 7 imprime son mouvement de rotation à ces rouleaux 6 qui, à leur tour, transmettent leur mouvement de rotation au cylindre   2".   



   Le procédé de fabrication des éléments de carrelage est le suivant 

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On commence à préparer la composition du mortier selon les bases dosées suivantes, constatées comme les plus convena- bles : - Une partie en poidsde ciment blanc à   780,  par exemple du type La Farce; - deux parties de poudre de marbre, granulométrie 00; - 10% d'oxyde métallique colorant de la teinte de base que l'on veut obtenir. 



   On gâche ces ingrédients ainsi dosés avec de l'eau dans la proportion de 5% en poids du mortier sec et le mortier est introduit dans les cylindres de la mélangeuse dans lesquels se produisent la marmorification de l'amoncel- lement ou du mortier mis à l'état granulé. 



   Dans les cylindres, pendant leur rotation, on   ajoute-graduellement   au mortier un autre oxyde colorant de la teinte voulue pour obtenir les marbrures désirées, en proportion variable de 10 à   30%,   de telle sorte que des cylindres 2 se décharge à travers la trémie 9 un mortier homogène présentant les marbrures voulues. 



   Le mortier ainsi obtenu est successivement mis dans des moules convenables pour obtenir les éléments de carrelage dans les dimensions désirées, et convenablement vibré. 



   Naturellement dans les moules est ajoutée une couche de matière susceptible de constituer le soubassement de l'élé- ment de carrelage, couche de matière composée par exemple de pouzzolane et de ciment ou de sable de fleuve et de ciment à   680,   par exemple trois parties en poids de pouzzolane et de sable et une partie de ciment. 



   Puis,le produit ainsi préparé est soumis à une pression de 150 à 200 atmosphères selon les dimensions de l'élément de carrelage. 

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   L'élément de carrelage pressé est laissé séché pendant environ 24 heures dans un endroit abrité, puis placé sous une pluie d'eau pour son vieillissement définitif pendant vingt jours. 



   Le vieillissement étant terminé, l'élément de carrelage marbré est soumis aux opérations de moulage, polissage et astiquage. 



   Selon une autre manière de procéder, sur une couche de mortier constituant le soubassement, on fiche les fragments de pierre artificielle ainsi que de marbre naturel et après avoir coulé le mortier pour en souder les joints et après une période de vieillissement, on procède au polissage, au rebou- chage et à l'astiquage comme utilisé présentement pour les pave- ments avec des débris de marbre à la vénitienne ou à la manière de Palladio.

   Pour obtenir une pierre artificielle, selon ce dernier mode de procéder, qui imite par exemple les brèches et les poudings, on procède de la façon suivante et, à titre d'exemple, on expose la façon d'exécuter le marbre artificiel imitant le marbre rouge de Vérone : 
On compose séparément trois mortiers constitués; par une partie de ciment, une partie et demi de poudre de marbre rouge et ce qu'il faut de couleur pour imiter les diverses tonalités requises. Ces mortiers sont humectés séparé- ment à l'eau et ensuite au moyen de la force centrifuge ou du roulement on forme des grains de dimensions variées. Ces grains sont saupoudrés à l'aide d'un mélange de ciment et de couleur secs,de tonalité imitant le contour de jointure entre les cailloux existant dans les poudings et les brèches naturels. 



  Le saupoudrage qui est aussi exécuté sous l'action de la. force centrifuge forme une couche qui enveloppe superficiellement chaque grain constituant'pour ainsi dire son écorce. On mélange en vrac      

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 les trois amas de grains ainsi préparés et on les coule en les damant et en les vibrant,, de la façon dont ils se présentent, dans des moules comme si l'on traitait des graviers pour un béton normal. Une fois que les coulées ainsi formées sont sèches on procède au polissage précédé du sciage en dalles dans le cas où seraient exécutés des blocs de grandes dimensions. 



  Les dalles et les blocs ainsi obtenus imitent à la perfection le marbre naturel. De ces dalles non encore'polies, on peut tirer, en les taillant au besoin quand le durcissement n'est pas encore terminé, les petites pièces ou petits cubes ou petits grains qui servent pour être utilisés dans les pavements ou dans les panneaux que l'on veut construire. Ces marbres artificiels peuvent être durcis et imperméabilisés. 



   Les avantages qu'offre la présente invention sont évidents et nombreux. En fait, en centrifugeant les mortiers, on constitue un gravier artificiel qui spécialement aggloméré sert à former un marbre semblable au marbre naturel et en utilisant les petites pièces, les petits cubes et les petits grains de ce marbre artificiel à la place de ceux du marbre naturel, on considère que l'on a un matériau de prix moindre qui peut être taillé facilement, même à l'état de séchage incomplet et tendre par suite, dans les formes et dimensions voulues sans former aucun rebut comme on en obtient dans la troncature coûteuse et la pré- paration des petits fragments naturels. Le poids spécifique est plus faible et par suite le prix des transports et des construc- tions est plus faible.

   On a la possibilité d'avoir des couleurs variées et de fantaisie et l'on évite, en outre, le temps important nécessaire dans les,travaux actuels en chantier pour les pavements à la vénitienne, à gros éclais dans le cas où l'on désire adopter. des dalles déjà formées en de;hors du chantier. L'effet esthétique que l'on obtient avec la présente invention est très agréable et 

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 a, entre autres, la caractéristique de prendre un poli uniforme dû à l'uniformité des produits utilisés, les composants étant de même qualité autant pour les petites pièces que pour le liant qui entoure et relie ces pièces; ceci n'existe pas dans les pave- ments actuels exécutés avec de petites pièces de marbre naturel entourées par un liant de ciment puisque les petites pièces naturelles et le ciment présentent chacun un poli d'éclat diffé- rent.

   A ce qui vient d'être exposé doit s'ajouter le fait que les pavements exécutés selon la présente invention sont moins sonores et moins froids que ceux exécutés avec de petites pièces naturelles et ils sont aussi plus légers et isolants avec un soubassement de pierre ponce, de vermiculite et de sciure de bois.



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   The present invention relates to a process for manufacturing artificial marbles and mosaic pavements or coverings either Venetian style or Palladian style in which the small pieces, cubes and small grains of natural marble currently used are substituted. stones or artificial marbles, as well as to a machine for carrying out this process.



   The main characteristic of the invention is to obtain veins imitating marble or marbling by adding in the mortar which must constitute the bonding agglomerate of the tiling elements of coloring oxides.

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 when the mortar is subjected to the action of centrifugal force or to a bearing and, preferably, when it is inside a rotating cylinder which constitutes the fundamental part of the above-mentioned mixing machine
The process consists essentially in preparing a mortar with the elements suitably dosed as will be specified later, in mixing this substance and in subjecting it to the centrifugal action,

   for example by introducing it into a special mixing machine in which the formation of marbling takes place by means of the addition of coloring oxides and the accumulation or the setting in a lumpy state as we commonly say, of the complete mortar which must constitute the tiling element, to place the mixture obtained in suitable molds, to. subject it to vibration, to exert the desired pressure on the product already vibrated, then to let it age and finally to subject the product to grinding, polishing and polishing operations.



   The formation of mottles and the accumulation or lumpiness of the mortar can be achieved in any type of mixer, but in practice the best results have been provided by a machine which, although small in size, allows for 'obtain high production at low cost, this machine having two mixing cylinders driven by a small electric motor of low consumption. The machine illustrated and described below is in fact operated by a small electric motor of 0.45 Hp only.



   Other characteristics of the invention will appear in the description which follows, with reference to the accompanying drawings by way of nonlimiting example, and which will make it clear how the invention can be put into practice.

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   Fig. 1 is a top view of a mixer.



   Fig 2 is a front view of the mixer of FIG. 1 along line A-A in this figure.



   FIG. 3 is a side view of FIG. 1 along line B-B.



   As illustrated in the figures, the mixer is constituted by a frame 1 made of iron tube on which are mounted side by side two cylinders 2, respectively 2 'and 2 in which the marmorification and accumulation of the mortar take place.



  The operation which makes it possible to give the pieces obtained by the use of the mortar the appearance of marble by creating marbling is called marmorification.



   (Naturally the position of the cylinders is inclined so that the mortar can, from the loading inlet provided at the upper part of the cylinders, flow easily towards the discharge opening provided at the lower part, then into the single discharge hopper 9.



   The cylinders 2 are supported by rubberized carrying rollers 5. In addition, at the upper part placed under these cylinders are provided rubberized stop rollers 3 suitably guided by guides 4 arranged on these cylinders.



   The operation of the mixer is as follows: A small electric motor 7, via an appropriate transmission chain 8, imparts the rotational movement to the cylinder 2 '. Between the cylinders 2 'and 2 "are provided rubberized motion transmission rollers 6 so that the cylinder 2' actuated by the small motor 7 imparts its rotational movement to these rollers 6 which, in turn, transmit their movement. rotation to cylinder 2 ".



   The manufacturing process of the tiling elements is as follows

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We begin to prepare the composition of the mortar according to the following dosed bases, found to be the most suitable: - One part by weight of white cement at 780, for example of the La Farce type; - two parts of marble powder, particle size 00; - 10% of metallic oxide coloring of the base shade that we want to obtain.



   These ingredients are mixed in this way with water in the proportion of 5% by weight of the dry mortar and the mortar is introduced into the cylinders of the mixer in which the marmorification of the heap or of the mortar used is produced. granulated state.



   In the rolls, during their rotation, another coloring oxide of the desired shade is gradually added to the mortar to obtain the desired marbling, in a variable proportion of 10 to 30%, so that from the rolls 2 is discharged through the hopper 9 a homogeneous mortar with the desired marbling.



   The mortar thus obtained is successively placed in suitable molds to obtain the tiling elements in the desired dimensions, and suitably vibrated.



   Naturally, in the molds is added a layer of material capable of constituting the base of the tiling element, layer of material composed for example of pozzolana and cement or river sand and cement at 680, for example three parts. by weight of pozzolana and sand and a part of cement.



   Then, the product thus prepared is subjected to a pressure of 150 to 200 atmospheres depending on the dimensions of the tiling element.

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   The pressed tile element is left to dry for approximately 24 hours in a sheltered place, then placed under a shower of water for its final aging for twenty days.



   Once the aging is complete, the marbled tiling element is subjected to the operations of molding, polishing and polishing.



   According to another way of proceeding, on a layer of mortar constituting the base, the fragments of artificial stone as well as of natural marble are plugged and after having poured the mortar to weld the joints and after a period of aging, one proceeds to the polishing. , filling and polishing as currently used for pavements with marble debris in the Venetian style or in the manner of Palladio.

   To obtain an artificial stone, according to this last method of proceeding, which for example imitates breccias and puddings, the following procedure is carried out and, by way of example, the way of making artificial marble imitating marble is explained. Verona red:
Three mortars are separately composed; by a part of cement, a part and a half of powder of red marble and what is necessary of color to imitate the various tones required. These mortars are wetted separately with water and then by means of centrifugal force or rolling grains of various sizes are formed. These grains are sprinkled with a mixture of cement and dry color, in tone imitating the contour of the join between the pebbles existing in puddings and natural breccias.



  The sprinkling which is also carried out under the action of the. centrifugal force forms a layer which superficially envelops each grain constituting 'so to speak its rind. We mix in bulk

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 the three heaps of grains thus prepared and they are poured by tamping and vibrating them, as they appear, in molds as if we were treating gravel for normal concrete. Once the castings thus formed are dry, polishing is carried out, preceded by sawing into slabs in the event that large blocks are being made.



  The slabs and blocks thus obtained perfectly imitate natural marble. From these slabs that have not yet been polished, we can take out, cutting them if necessary when the hardening is not yet complete, the small pieces or small cubes or small grains which serve to be used in the pavements or in the panels that the 'we want to build. These artificial marbles can be hardened and waterproofed.



   The advantages offered by the present invention are obvious and numerous. In fact, by centrifuging the mortars, we constitute an artificial gravel which specially agglomerated serves to form a marble similar to natural marble and by using the small pieces, small cubes and small grains of this artificial marble in place of those of marble. natural, it is considered that we have a material of less cost which can be easily cut, even in the state of incomplete drying and consequently tender, into the desired shapes and dimensions without forming any waste as obtained in the truncation expensive and the preparation of small natural fragments. The specific weight is lower and therefore the cost of transport and construction is lower.

   We have the possibility of having varied and fancy colors and we also avoid the significant time necessary in the current work in progress for the Venetian pavements, with large lights in the case where we wishes to adopt. slabs already formed outside the site. The aesthetic effect which is obtained with the present invention is very pleasant and

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 has, among other things, the characteristic of taking a uniform polish due to the uniformity of the products used, the components being of the same quality as much for the small parts as for the binder which surrounds and connects these parts; this does not exist in current pavements executed with small pieces of natural marble surrounded by a cement binder since the small natural pieces and cement each have a different sheen polish.

   To what has just been exposed must be added the fact that the pavements executed according to the present invention are less sound and less cold than those executed with small natural parts and they are also lighter and insulating with a pumice stone base. , vermiculite and sawdust.

Claims

ABSTRACT The present invention relates to: 1 - A process for the manufacture of marbled tiling elements which can be used for pavements and coverings of civil constructions., Characterized in that it essentially comprises the preparation of a mortar using suitable ingredients dosed and capable of constituting the binding agglomerate of the elements, the mixing of this substance and its introduction into a mixing machine in which the formation of marbling takes place by the addition of coloring oxides and the accumulation or the as it is commonly said, of the mortar which must constitute the elements, the arrangement of the mortar obtained in suitable molds and the subjecting thereof to an appropriate vibration,

the application of the desired pressure on the product already vibrated, the aging and, finally, the subjecting of the conditioned product to the operations of grinding, polishing and polishing. <Desc / Clms Page number 8>

2 - Modes of application of the process for manufacturing marbled tile elements specified under 1, presenting, in particular, the following particularities, taken individually or in any possible combination: a) the preparation of the mortar is carried out in using the following ingredients, in the approximate proportions indicated, and, exactly: one part by weight of white cement at 780, for example of the La Farce type, two parts of marble powder with particle size 00, 10% metal oxide dye of the base shade that is to be obtained, the whole mixed with water in an amount of 5% by weight of the dry mortar;

b) the mottled veins are obtained by gradually adding to the base mortar another coloring oxide of the desired shade to obtain the desired mottles, in a variable proportion of 10 to 30%, when this mortar of base is subjected to the action of centrifugal force;

c) artificial stones consist of grains, only cements or any binders and water, or mixtures of cements or binders of any kind and any inert materials in powder or not and water or material analogous with the addition or not of colors, grains obtained by means of a centrifugal movement or of a rolling executed manually or by a machine and wrapped or not with a layer of cement and color so as to form a superficial film or bark imitating the contour of natural breccias, then agglomerated between them before and after setting by tamping them, vibrating them or compressing them manually or using a machine in molds of any shape and size to obtain or cut slabs from them,

blocks or debris or small grains that mimic Venetian or breccia marbles and puddings; <Desc / Clms Page number 9> d) for the construction of the pavements, from flat or curved coatings and panels of any shape and size, a layer forming a base or bed in mortar of any kind is used in which are stuck and incorporated fragments of stone or artificial marble of any shape, size and thickness desired, arranged so as to form and imitate the coverings, inlays, mosaics, Venetian-style pavements, with small and large chips, what are called pavers,

coverings in the manner of Palladio and those called polygonal apparatus (opus antiquum until now constructed with natural stones and marbles and other products which are not artificial stone or marble, a mortar being poured or not between the fragments, suitable mortar to assemble the joints; e) the fragments may even consist of a part of natural stone mixed with pieces of artificial stone, so that in a pavement or the like may exist bands , areas or places made of natural stones and fields: of pieces of artificial stones or vice versa; f) the pavements or coverings consist of slabs of any shape and size, manufactured outside the site and suitable for installation on the site at a later stage. g) the slabs are manufactured on site;

h) the base on which the fragments of artificial stones rest or are stuck consists of pumice stone, lapilo, vermiculite, cork, woody material, or any other light material, cast or agglomerated with a any type of lime, cement or plaster or other binders suitable for this purpose; i) it is possible to add or incorporate metallic elements or other materials - visible or not, for decorative or reinforcing purposes, to increase resistance or for any other reason; <Desc / Clms Page number 10> j) the fluidation of the artificial stones used or of the finished product is carried out by adding the fluosilicates or the ingredients suitable for this purpose either in the casting, or by means of dispersion and surface painting before or after installation;

k) the pavings, panels or other tiling patterns obtained can be polished and polished, made granular, varnished or hammered by any system, for decorative or other purposes; 1) Artificial stones and marble are cut into small cubes or small tiles of any shape, size and thickness for mosaics, these tiles or small cubes may or may not be prepared and glued on paper or other supports to facilitate laying on site on the drawing or for wall coverings or other; m) the grains may be mixed with pieces or gravel of natural stones or marble, metallic and vegetable parts or plastic materials; n) the base is made of the same material composing the artificial stone placed in view on the surface;

o) the cements or binders used can be used alone or with the addition of plasticizers, waterproofers or in any way with any other substance which tends to improve their characteristics; p) the artificial marble or stone in fragments or in a single piece thus obtained are used as such or formed into small blocks or balls of any shape and size for vertical or horizontal coverings of any species, the original blocks being sawn with machines made on purpose to obtain slabs or small blocks; <Desc / Clms Page number 11> q) instead of inert materials, sawdust of any woody material is used and instead of cements other binders suitable for this purpose can be used;

r) the process according to 2 c) is carried out with vibrating, pressing and other machines, even with those used for the manufacture of cement beams for pavements, by adapting the working methods; s) instead of forming agglomerates of grains of various sizes, they are formed by cylindrical bars formed from any of the mixtures already indicated.

and of any shape and diameter, or even non-cylindrical, these bars after setting of the binders can be united together in a bundle and placed in a mold in which the paste of any binders is poured and, after setting, the cutting is carried out of the blocks thus obtained, cutting executed transversely to the bundle of the aforesaid bars, which gives as a result plates all having the same decoration, so that if the bars are for example made in white color and the paste which binds them is black in color , we will have a slab with a black background on which stand out many more or less regular white circles depending on the arrangement adopted in the arrangement of the beam, the aforementioned bars can also be sawn transversely into as many washers which will be used as the fragments and previous debris;

t) the grains are used as are the small grains to obtain platelets like the usual cement ones and are successively polished and gullied on their visible surface in order to make that the grains have a protruding portion compared to the general background, this protruding visible face obtained by gullying the manufactured product which can also be flattened, polished and polished; <Desc / Clms Page number 12> u) in the formation of agglomerated blocks of artificial marble, it is possible to interpose layers of grains obtained according to the process with layers of unformed mortar in crumbly shape to thus form kinds of marbles with veins and ridges which are sawn in slabs giving the appearance of veined marbles as well as breccia marbles or puddings;

3 - Mixing machine for implementing the process specified under 1 and 2, exhibiting, in particular the following particularities taken individually or in combination: a) the machine consists of a frame of iron tubes on which are mounted side by side side, supported by rubberized carrying rollers, two mixing rolls in inclined position, so that the mortar can, from the loading inlet provided at the top of the rolls, flow to the intended discharge opening at the lower part, then in a single discharge hopper, rubberized thrust rollers being provided at the upper part placed under the cylinders and suitably guided by guides arranged on these cylinders;

b) the machine is driven by a small electric motor which, by means of a suitable transmission chain, imparts the rotational movement to one of the two cylinders, rubberized motion transmission rollers being provided between the two cylinders, so that the cylinder driven by the small motor imparts its rotational motion to these rollers, which in turn transmit their rotational motion to the second cylinder.

4 Marbled tiling units usable for pavements and coverings in civil constructions, obtained by the process specified under 1 and 2 and more particularly using the machine specified under 3.