BE508508A - - Google Patents

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Publication number
BE508508A
BE508508A BE508508DA BE508508A BE 508508 A BE508508 A BE 508508A BE 508508D A BE508508D A BE 508508DA BE 508508 A BE508508 A BE 508508A
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BE
Belgium
Prior art keywords
reduction
weight
ammonia
nickel
parts
Prior art date
Application number
Other languages
French (fr)
Publication of BE508508A publication Critical patent/BE508508A/fr

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10BDESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B55/00Coking mineral oils, bitumen, tar, and the like or mixtures thereof with solid carbonaceous material
    • C10B55/02Coking mineral oils, bitumen, tar, and the like or mixtures thereof with solid carbonaceous material with solid materials
    • C10B55/04Coking mineral oils, bitumen, tar, and the like or mixtures thereof with solid carbonaceous material with solid materials with moving solid materials
    • C10B55/08Coking mineral oils, bitumen, tar, and the like or mixtures thereof with solid carbonaceous material with solid materials with moving solid materials in dispersed form
    • C10B55/10Coking mineral oils, bitumen, tar, and the like or mixtures thereof with solid carbonaceous material with solid materials with moving solid materials in dispersed form according to the "fluidised bed" technique
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/584Recycling of catalysts

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)

Description

       

   <Desc/Clms Page number 1> 
 



  PERFECTIONNEMENTS A LA PREPARATION DE   L OXIME   DE   CYCLOHEXANONE,   -PAR 
REDUCTION DU NITROCYCLOHEXANE. 



   . On sait que l'on peut réduite le nitrocyclohexane en oxime de cy- clôhexanone par le chlorure stanneux en milieu acide. On a également obtenu l'oxime de cyclohexanone avec un très faible rendement à partir du nitro-cyclo- hexane en utilisant des agents réducteurs dégageant de l'hydrogène naissant en milieu   alcalin.   Enfin, on a obtenu l'oxime de cyclohexanone par réduction catalytique du nitro-cyclohexane par l'hydrogène en présence de catalyseurs qui, en,plus d'argent et éventuellement également de cuivre, contiennent également du chrome et du zinc, 
On a trouvé que l'on peut obtenir l'oxime de cyclohexanone à partir du nitro-cyclohexane en présence de catalyseurs au nickel par traitement par l'ammoniaque avec de bons rendements.

   Dans les mêmes conditions, on sait que l'oxime de cyclohexanone ne se forme qu'en traces en présence   d'hydrogène,   On peut également réaliser la réduction en présence de corps organiques, é- ventuellement avec des solutions ou diluants miscibles à l'eau par exemple des   alcools.   De préférence, on provoque l'action de l'ammoniaque sous pression et à température élevée., Comme catalyseurs qui conviennent particulièrement, on peut citer les catalyseurs à squelette de nickel, comme on les obtient par exemple en traitant des'alliages   nickel-aluminium   par des alcalis ou des cata- lyseurs au nickel sur support préparés par des procédés connus de précipitation' de métal actif, par exemple sur de la ponce, de l'argile,   de 'l'oxyde   d'alumi- nium ou du kieselguhr.

   Les catalyseurs selon l'invention peuvent également contenir des additions de cobalt, de zinc, de manganèse, de cuivre ou de métaux alcalins ou alcalino-terreux. 



   L'oxime de   cyclohexanone   ainsi obtenue est un intermédiaire précieux pour la préparation des   super-polyamides,,   
EXEMPLE 1. 



   On mélange 100 parties en poids de nitrocyclo-hexane et 10 parties en poids d'un catalyseur à squelette de nickel contenant de petites quantités IMPRIME et EDITE le 19 JUIN 1953.   PRIX :    20   Fr. 

 <Desc/Clms Page number 2> 

 d'alcali dans un autoclave à haute pression avec 250 parties en poids d'ammo- niaque liquide, et on agite à   120-140    pendant 8 heures.

   Le résidu demeurant après évaporation de l'excès d'ammoniaque est séparé par filtration du cataly- seur après dilution dans du méthanol et soumis à une distillation fractionnée sous   vide.   De la fraction à point d'ébullition   90-110    se sépare au refroi- dissement l'oxime de   cyclohexanone,   de point de fusion - 87-88 . 
 EMI2.1 
 EXEMPLE 2 
On dilue 50 parties en poids de nitrocyclohexane et 10 parties en poids du catalyseur cité à l'exemple 1 avec 500 parties en poids de méthanol saturé d'ammoniaque et on agite dans l'autoclave à haute pression pendant 8 heures à 110 - 120 .

   Après   refroidissement   on traite le mélange réactionnel comme il est décrit à l'exemple 1, de sorte qu'on obtient l'oxime de cyclohexa- none cristallisée de point de fusion = 88 . 
 EMI2.2 
 u, i t. ... 5 ' 2 ..." 'Ù'v:i;'U'E)'<;E '8 'f)' 1 'fi .. 1' "" > "Î . ." " ' .. :''. r = Qn a,.t;.0..¯part...s en poids de i1ï:rpc.yloj1e;xa,n, et 10 parties en poids d':dÎ1'Zcai,ye n:i:ike.l-chrQne récip'ty -su Çl.e- J,à .;PQÏ!qe broyée, avec 200 parties en poids d'alcool   et,50   parties en poids d'ammoniaque liquide dans un autoclave à haute pression pendant 12 heures à 100 - 130 .

   Après eva- poration de l'excès   d'ammoniaque   et filtration du catalyseur on distille le solvant et on fractionne .le résidu sous vide, de:   sorte   que la fraction de point d'ébullition 86 - 96  se solidifie presque exclusivement en oxime de cyclohexanone pure. 
 EMI2.3 
 



  "" }: 1'" ! tI (:i,..' - , . , ...' .'.' . ':,," 1 '.. 'p



   <Desc / Clms Page number 1>
 



  IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF CYCLOHEXANONE OXIME, -BY
REDUCTION OF NITROCYCLOHEXANE.



   . It is known that nitrocyclohexane can be reduced to the oxime of cyclohexanone by stannous chloride in an acidic medium. Cyclohexanone oxime has also been obtained in very low yield from nitro-cyclohexane by using reducing agents releasing nascent hydrogen in an alkaline medium. Finally, cyclohexanone oxime was obtained by catalytic reduction of nitro-cyclohexane with hydrogen in the presence of catalysts which, in addition to silver and possibly also copper, also contain chromium and zinc,
It has been found that cyclohexanone oxime can be obtained from nitro-cyclohexane in the presence of nickel catalysts by treatment with ammonia in good yields.

   Under the same conditions, it is known that cyclohexanone oxime is formed only in traces in the presence of hydrogen. The reduction can also be carried out in the presence of organic bodies, optionally with solutions or diluents miscible with hydrogen. water eg alcohols. Preferably, the action of ammonia is brought about under pressure and at elevated temperature. Particularly suitable catalysts include catalysts with a nickel backbone, as can be obtained, for example, by treating nickel-aluminum alloys. with alkalis or supported nickel catalysts prepared by known methods of active metal precipitation, for example from pumice, clay, aluminum oxide or kieselguhr.

   The catalysts according to the invention can also contain additions of cobalt, zinc, manganese, copper or alkali or alkaline earth metals.



   The cyclohexanone oxime thus obtained is a valuable intermediate for the preparation of super-polyamides ,,
EXAMPLE 1.



   100 parts by weight of nitrocyclo-hexane and 10 parts by weight of a nickel backbone catalyst containing small amounts are mixed. PRINTED and PUBLISHED JUNE 19, 1953. PRICE: 20 Fr.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 2>

 of alkali in a high pressure autoclave with 250 parts by weight of liquid ammonia, and stirred at 120-140 for 8 hours.

   The residue remaining after evaporation of the excess ammonia is filtered off from the catalyst after dilution in methanol and subjected to fractional vacuum distillation. From the fraction having a boiling point of 90-110, the oxime of cyclohexanone, melting point -87-88, separates on cooling.
 EMI2.1
 EXAMPLE 2
50 parts by weight of nitrocyclohexane and 10 parts by weight of the catalyst cited in Example 1 are diluted with 500 parts by weight of methanol saturated with ammonia and the mixture is stirred in the autoclave at high pressure for 8 hours at 110-120.

   After cooling, the reaction mixture is treated as described in Example 1, so that the crystallized cyclohexane oxime of melting point = 88 is obtained.
 EMI2.2
 u, i t. ... 5 '2 ... "' Ù'v: i; 'U'E)' <; E '8' f) '1' fi .. 1 '" ">" Î. . "" '..:' '. r = Qn a, .t; .0..¯part ... s by weight of i1ï: rpc.yloj1e; xa, n, and 10 parts by weight of: dî1'Zcai, ye n: i: ike. Cracked container with 200 parts by weight of alcohol and 50 parts by weight of liquid ammonia in a high pressure autoclave for 12 hours at 100 - 130.

   After evaporation of the excess ammonia and filtration of the catalyst, the solvent is distilled off and the residue is fractionated in vacuo, so that the fraction of boiling point 86 - 96 solidifies almost exclusively to the oxime of cyclohexanone. pure.
 EMI2.3
 



  ""}: 1 '"! TI (: i, ..' -,., ... '.'. '.': ,," 1 '..' p


    

Claims (1)

@ R E V E N D I C A T I O N S. EMI2.4 ' "l?!..:- r fr'océtlé de réa..tion, d'oim,é 'de cyclohèxahone par réduction du nitrocyclohexane, caractérisé en ce qu'on réalise la réduction au moyen d'am- moniaque en présence de catalyseurs au nickel sous pression età température élevée. EMI2.5 @ R E V E N D I C A T I O N S. EMI2.4 '"l?! ..: - r fr'océtlé reaction, oim, é' cyclohexahone by reduction of nitrocyclohexane, characterized in that the reduction is carried out by means of ammonia in the presence nickel catalysts under pressure and at elevated temperature. EMI2.5 "."" 2:0 éé dédé suitant -là revendication l, caractérise en ce qp.'on utZïsé -ie dtâ.l3Tsurs -au nickel préparés. par'traitement par un''alcali' d'un alliage 'de n.rd1iëJ. avec üri'm:étal Éoiùble .dans U1l ny'droxyde alcal en 'aqüéo- <1:\ 1 .1'"" -.., 1 .... - - utiiis dp- . 3 ,.. ' .pcédé Suivant la revendication l, caractérisé ,en ce .qu.on ut3.lisè ;dé;s cat,a7.y. p.eurs . au.¯ickèl sur supporta . "." "2: 0 is deduced following claim 1, characterized in that a nickel base prepared by an" alkali "treatment of an alloy of n. rd1iëJ. with üri'm: etal Eoiùble .in U1l alkaline hydroxide in 'aqüéo- <1: \ 1 .1' "" - .., 1 .... - - utiiis dp-. 3, .. ' .pcédé According to claim l, characterized, in that .qu.on ut3.lisè; de; s cat, a7.ypeurs. to.¯ickèl on supporta. ""'4.i"±'P#ociédé su2vârit lës revendications 1 a 3',' caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise des catalyseurs au nickel contenant des additions de'cobalt, de chrome.,. de zinc, de mangarèse ou de cuivre. "" '4.i "±' P # associated su2vârit les claims 1 to 3 ',' characterized in that one uses nickel catalysts containing additions of 'cobalt, chromium,. Zinc, mangarese or of copper.
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