BE484452A

BE484452A -

Info

Publication number: BE484452A
Authority: BE

Description

       

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  PE.t:#ECTIO.NNEMENTS AUX ELEI#NTs I7E 0EkXÈNTB PHEF.AB13IQUEa,. 



   La présente invention a trait à des éléments de char- pente préfabriqués et plus particulièrement à une poutre ou une colonne avec âme ajourée qui est construite de façon à permettre la fixation sur cette colonne d'éléments de charpen- te adjacents à l'aide de pièces d'attache enfoncées dans la dite poutre ou colonne. 



   Un objet de l'invention est de fournir un élément de charpente qui soit léger et de prix de revient susceptible de recevoir et de retenir les pièces d'attache qui sont enfoncées dans cet élément. Un autre objet de   l'inve ntion   est de four- nir un élément de charpente préfabriqué ayant les caractéris- tiques ci-dessus indiquées et qui permettent d'enfoncer une pluralité de lignes de clous sans avoir à recourir à l'emploi de bandes clouées détachables- 

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Seion l'invention un tel élément de charpente est pré- fabriqué en soudant ensemble ou en les attachant ensemble de toute autre manière convenable plusieurs pièces séparées de for- me appropriée pour charpentes de nature telle qu'elles puissent être fabriquées à bas prix et en longueurs continues par le pro- cédé de laminage à froid ou un autre 

  procédé simple équivalent. 



  Certaines de ces parties constituantes reçoivent une forme telle en cours de fabrication qu'elles sont pourvues.de moyens pour recevoir et retenir des pieces d'attache enfoncées dans ces par- ties ayant la nature de clous ou de vis. L'élément préfabriqués comporte deux brides écartées qui peuvent travailler en tension ou à la compression quand l'élément est en charge et'une âme de renforcement qui relie les deux brides. Dans une disposition pré- férée l'âme est une âme ajourée et est fixée aux brides en des points espacés par soudure électrique. 



   L'invention sera mieux comprise en se référant à la description détaillée suivante d'une forme de réalisation préfé- rée et aux dessins ci-annexés dans lesquels: 
La figure 1 est une vue en perspective de l'élément de charpente complet. 



   La figure 2 est une section transversale de la bride su-   pézieure   de   l'élément*   
La figure 3 est une vue de profil de la bride supérieure avec arrachement partiel pour montrer des détails de construction. 



   La figure 4 est une vue fragmentaire d'une section trans- versale semblable à celle de la figure 2, mais montrant une moai-   fication.   



   En se référant à la figure 1, l'élément de charpente as- semblé comporte une bride supérieure indiquée d'une manière gé- nérale en 2, une bride inférieure   4-   et une âme intermédiaire 6 maintenant les deux brides en position écartée et servant à ren- forcer l'élément contre tout fléchissement sous les efforts trans- versaux habituels.

   Les brides supérieure et inférieure sont de 

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 préférence de construction identique; chacune comporte un élément en une seule piece de forme ayant une section uniforme sur toute- la longueur- 
L'élément de charpente préfabriqué: selon la présente in- vention se prête particulièrement à sa fabrication en employant les aciers utilisés communément dans la fabrication des formes de charpentes pour construction   d'édifices   et l'invention sera expliquée en se référant particulièrement à ce matériau bien qu'il soit bien entendu que l'on ne désire pas de ce fait exclu- re d'autres matériaux tels que les matières plastiques par exem- ple.

   La forme en acier des brides   supérieure@et   inférieure est très avantageusement obtenue par laminage à froid d'une grande longueur d'acier et en coupant cette longueur en éléments sépa- rés aux longueurs désirées.   omme   indiqué particulièrement sur la figure 2, l'élément constituant la bride comporte une partie cen-, trale 8 qui est approximativement plane sur ses deux faces oppo- sées supérieure et inférieure.

   Sur chaque côté de la partie cen- trale 8 des saillies dépendantes 10 et 12 pour retenir les piè- ces d'attache sont prévues en recourbant la tôle dont est formé: l'élément de la   bridep   Chacune des saillies 10 et 1é comporte une paroi intérieure 14 disposée approximativement à angle droit avec les surfaces planes de la partie centrale 8 et une paroi extérieure 16 légèrement séparée de la paroi intérieure 14 et dis- posée d'une manière générale parallèlement à cette dernière. Les parois 14 et 16 sont reliées à leurs extrémités inférieures par une partie tubulaire 18 continue avec les parois intérieure et extérieure 14 et 16.

   A l'extrémité supérieure de la paroi exté- rieure   16,   le métal est recourbé,, vers   l'extérieur@pour   faire une saillie 20 qui est située d'une manière générale dans le mê- me plan que la partie centrale 8. La saillie 20 est de préférence comparativement étroite et peut avoir une épaisseur d'environ la moitié de celle de la partie centrale 8. 

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   On remarquera que l'élément formant bride en une seule piece et de forme telle qu'il assure une répartition symétrique du métal autour du   plan:,vertical   passant par l'âme. Les saillies 10 et 12 pour tenir les pièces d'attache servent à renforcer la bride contre le flambage en même temps qu'elle reçoit et retient les pieces d'attache* 
Les deux parois 14 et 16 pour chacune des saillies 10 et 12 sont déformées pour constituer une série de nervures espacées 22 qui débordent intérieurement sur le métal, c'est à dire qui font saillie sur les faces intériaures 14 et 16.

   Les surfaces extérieures des parois 14 et 16 comportent des dépressions 24 dont la forme correspond à celle des nervures 22 et   résultent   du fait que les nervures 22 sont formées en repoussant le métal vers l'intérieur à partir du plan général de la paroi- Les ner- vures 22 s'amincissent vers la partie supérieure pour former des   pointes 26   comparativement aigues et sont incurvées transversale- ment à leur longueur comme indiqué au mieux sur la figure 3. 



   Des pièces d'attache enfoncées dans l'élément telles que le clou 30 qui doit être reçu et retenu dans les saillies 10 et 12 sont enfoncées entre les parois 14 et 16. -i un clou tend à s'approcher de l'élément directement sur une nervure, la pointe, du clou entrant sera déviée sur le côté par la pointe 26 de la nervure et sera forcée d'entrer dans le vi ae   exista nt   entre cet- te nervure et la nervure voisine. Au fur et à mesure que le clou descend il est forcée de suivre la courbure des nervures et est ainsi recourbée et fermement retenu par l'élément de charpente .. 



  Si la longueur d'un clou dépasse la longueur desnervures, elle entre dans la partie tubulaire 18 et son extrémité est recourbée par   le   fond de la partie 18 comme indiqué en 32' sur la figure 3- 
Dans la modification montrée sur la figure 4, les parties 34 et 36 des parois 14 et 16 situées entre les pointes 26 des nervures et les surfaces supérieures de la partie centrale 8 et de la saillie 20 sont écartées vers l'extérieur dans la   direc-   

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 tion de la partie centrale.   et   écartement détermine une sur- face pour la réception des pieces d'attache qui est plus large transversalement à l'élément   de   charpente que dans la disposi- tion des parois 14 et 16 indiquée sur la figure 2.

   Ainsi, un clou qui entre quelque peu écarté de la ligne passant par le centre de la saillie est recourbé par la paroi   34.   ou la paroi 36, de sorte   qu'il   est forcé de pénétrer dans l'un des vides existant entre les nervures 22.   l'âme   reliant les deux éléments à bride peut être une tôle métallique plane convenablement fixée sous la face infé- rieure ae la partie centrale 8 de chaque bride.

   De préférence cependant, en vue de réduire le prix et le poids de l'élement de charpente, l'âme est   a jourée.     L'âme   6 représentée sous la figure 1 comporte une longueur de barre recourbée en des points convenablement espacés pour obtenir une pluralité d'entretoises 38 s'étendant entre les deux éléments à bride 2 et 4 et incli- . nées par rapport à ces éléments.

   Les entretoises 38 dans la for- me de réalisation représentée sont fixées aux faces intérieures des parties centrales 8 des éléments à bride 2 et 4 en des points   42   par des points de soudure 44- A l'extrémité de l'élément de charpente le barreau formant l'âme peut être recourbé pour être dirigé perpendiculairement aux éléments à bride ccmme   indiqué:   en   40.   Quand l'élément de charpente est employé peur constituer 'un assemblage, il peut être préférable de recourber l'élément à bride inférieur 4 vers le haut aux extrémités de l'élément de charpente pour constituer une surface portante à chaque extrê- mité de l'entretoise dont la profondeur soit moindre que celle de la longueur principale de l'élément. 



   L'emploi de l'élément de charpente préfabriqué selon la présente invention se prête à des applications selles que assem- blages, chevrons et analogues et s'applique également aux colon- nes. Employé pour assemblage, cet élément ne nécessite pas les 

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 les semelles de bois habituelles avec l'emploi des assemblages de charpentes acier du typa courant étant donné que les plan- chers ouplatelages peuvent être placés directement sur la sur- face plane pourvue. par la partie centrale 8 et la saillie 20 et qu'ils peuvent être cloués avec des clous qui entrent dans les saillies 10 et 12 retenant les pièces d'attache.      



   La description détaillée ci-dessus d'une forme de réa- lisation de l'invention est donnée à titre d'exemple non limita- tif. Diverses modifications peuvent être apportées dans les dé- tails constructifs de l'élément de charpente sans s'écarter du   cadre   de   l'invention.   



   REVENDICATIONS. 

**ATTENTION** fin du champ DESC peut contenir debut de CLMS **.



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  PE.t: # ECTIO.NMENTS TO ELEI # NTs I7E 0EkXÈNTB PHEF.AB13IQUEa ,.



   The present invention relates to prefabricated structural elements and more particularly to a beam or column with a perforated web which is constructed in such a way as to allow the attachment to this column of adjacent structural elements using clamps. fasteners embedded in said beam or column.



   An object of the invention is to provide a framing element which is light and of cost price capable of receiving and retaining the fasteners which are driven into this element. Another object of the invention is to provide a prefabricated framing element having the characteristics indicated above and which allows a plurality of nail lines to be driven in without having to resort to the use of nail strips. detachable-

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According to the invention such a framing member is pre-fabricated by welding together or otherwise conveniently tying them together several separate pieces of suitable shape for framing of a nature such that they can be manufactured at low cost and in any other suitable manner. continuous lengths by the cold rolling process or other

  simple equivalent process.



  Some of these component parts receive such a shape during manufacture that they are provided with means for receiving and retaining fasteners driven into these parts having the nature of nails or screws. The prefabricated element has two spaced flanges which can work in tension or compression when the element is under load and a reinforcing core which connects the two flanges. In a preferred arrangement the core is a perforated core and is attached to the flanges at spaced points by electric welding.



   The invention will be better understood by reference to the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment and to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of the complete frame member.



   Figure 2 is a cross section of the upper flange of the element *
Figure 3 is a side view of the top flange partially broken away to show construction details.



   Figure 4 is a fragmentary view of a cross section similar to that of Figure 2, but showing a modification.



   Referring to figure 1, the assembled frame member has an upper flange indicated generally at 2, a lower flange 4- and an intermediate web 6 holding the two flanges in the separated position and serving. to reinforce the element against any sagging under the usual transverse forces.

   The upper and lower flanges are

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 preference of identical construction; each comprises an element in one piece of shape having a uniform section along the entire length.
The prefabricated structural member: according to the present invention is particularly suitable for its manufacture by employing the steels commonly used in the manufacture of structural forms for the construction of buildings and the invention will be explained with particular reference to this material. although it is understood that it is therefore not desired to exclude other materials such as plastics for example.

   The steel shape of the upper and lower flanges is most advantageously obtained by cold rolling a long length of steel and cutting that length into separate pieces to the desired lengths. As indicated in particular in FIG. 2, the element constituting the flange comprises a central part 8 which is approximately planar on its two opposite upper and lower faces.

   On each side of the central part 8 of the dependent projections 10 and 12 for retaining the fasteners are provided by bending the sheet of which is formed: the element of the flange p Each of the projections 10 and 1e has a wall inner 14 disposed approximately at right angles to the planar surfaces of central portion 8 and an outer wall 16 slightly separated from inner wall 14 and disposed generally parallel thereto. The walls 14 and 16 are connected at their lower ends by a tubular part 18 continuous with the inner and outer walls 14 and 16.

   At the upper end of the outer wall 16, the metal is bent outwardly to make a protrusion 20 which is located generally in the same plane as the central portion 8. projection 20 is preferably comparatively narrow and may have a thickness of about half that of central portion 8.

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   It will be noted that the element forming a flange in one piece and of a shape such as to ensure a symmetrical distribution of the metal around the plane:, vertical passing through the core. Protrusions 10 and 12 for holding fasteners serve to reinforce the flange against buckling as it receives and retains fasteners *
The two walls 14 and 16 for each of the protrusions 10 and 12 are deformed to constitute a series of spaced ribs 22 which project internally onto the metal, that is to say which protrude from the internal faces 14 and 16.

   The outer surfaces of the walls 14 and 16 have depressions 24 the shape of which corresponds to that of the ribs 22 and result from the fact that the ribs 22 are formed by pushing the metal inward from the general plane of the wall. - Vures 22 tapering towards the top to form comparatively sharp points 26 and are curved transversely to their length as best shown in Figure 3.



   Fasteners driven into the element such as the nail 30 which is to be received and retained in the projections 10 and 12 are driven between the walls 14 and 16. -if a nail tends to approach the element directly. on a rib, the point, of the entering nail will be deflected to the side by the point 26 of the rib and will be forced to enter the life existing between this rib and the neighboring rib. As the nail descends it is forced to follow the curvature of the ribs and is thus curved and firmly retained by the framing member.



  If the length of a nail exceeds the length of the ribs, it enters the tubular part 18 and its end is curved by the bottom of part 18 as shown at 32 'in Figure 3-
In the modification shown in Figure 4, the parts 34 and 36 of the walls 14 and 16 located between the tips 26 of the ribs and the upper surfaces of the central part 8 and the projection 20 are spaced outwardly in the direction.

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 tion of the central part. and spacing determines an area for receiving fasteners which is wider transversely of the framing member than in the arrangement of walls 14 and 16 shown in Figure 2.

   Thus, a nail which enters somewhat away from the line passing through the center of the protrusion is bent by the wall 34. or the wall 36, so that it is forced into one of the voids existing between the ribs. 22. The core connecting the two flanged elements may be a flat metal sheet suitably fixed under the underside of the central part 8 of each flange.

   Preferably however, in order to reduce the price and the weight of the frame member, the web is exposed. The core 6 shown in Figure 1 has a length of bar bent at suitably spaced points to obtain a plurality of spacers 38 extending between the two flange members 2 and 4 and inclined. born in relation to these elements.

   The spacers 38 in the embodiment shown are fixed to the inner faces of the central parts 8 of the flange elements 2 and 4 at points 42 by welding points 44. At the end of the frame element, the bar forming the web may be bent to be directed perpendicular to the flanged elements as indicated: at 40. When the framing element is used to form an assembly, it may be preferable to bend the lower flanged element 4 towards the bottom. high at the ends of the frame member to provide a load-bearing surface at each end of the spacer with a depth less than that of the main length of the member.



   The use of the prefabricated frame member according to the present invention lends itself to saddles as well as assemblies, rafters and the like and also applies to columns. Used for assembly, this element does not require the

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 the usual wooden footings with the use of steel frame assemblies of the current type, since the floors or decks can be placed directly on the provided flat surface. by the central part 8 and the projection 20 and that they can be nailed with nails which enter the projections 10 and 12 retaining the fasteners.



   The above detailed description of one embodiment of the invention is given by way of non-limiting example. Various modifications can be made in the constructional details of the structural member without departing from the scope of the invention.



   CLAIMS.

** ATTENTION ** end of DESC field can contain start of CLMS **.

Claims

1, Prefabricated structural member. comprising upper and lower flanges connected by a reinforcing core, each of these flanges being constituted by an elongated member of uniform cross-section having a central part having on one of its faces a planar surface, which forms a outer surface of the flange, while its opposite face is connected to the aforesaid core, as well as means provided on each side of said central part for receiving and retaining a fastener driven into the frame element, said means projecting from the central part in the same direction as the aforesaid core and comprising parallel spaced walls integral with one another and with the rest of the flanged element * 2.

A prefabricated frame member, comprising spaced upper and lower flanges connected by a reinforcing web, each of these flanges being constituted by a frame member. elongated of uniform cross section and in one piece, said element has a central part having on one of its faces a flat surface which forms a <Desc / Clms Page number 7> outer surface of the flange, while its opposite face is connected to the aforesaid core, as well as protrusions retaining a fastener on each side of said central part and starting from this central part in the same direction as 1'- aforesaid core while having opposing walls spaced apart to receive fasteners driven into the frame member,

said walls terminating at their ends remote from the aforesaid central part by a curved wall connecting the two walls.

3. Prefabricated structural member comprising upper and lower bricks connected by a reinforcing web, each of these flanges being constituted by an elongated member of uniform cross section having a central part having on one of its flanges. faces a flat surface which forms an outer surface of the flange, while the opposite face is connected to the aforesaid core, as well as protrusions retaining a fastener on each side of said central part and starting from this central portion in the same direction as the aforesaid core while having opposing spaced apart walls profiled so as to present a plurality of spaced apart ribs, which extend generally perpendicular to the aforesaid planar surface,

the said walls being integral with one another and integral with the flanged element 4. Prefabricated frame element comprising upper and lower bricks connected by a reinforcing core, each of these flanges being constituted:

by an elongated member of uniform cross section having a central part having on one of its faces a flat surface, which forms an outer surface of the flange, while its opposite face is connected to the aforesaid core, thus that protrusions retaining an attachment part on each side of said central part and starting from this central part in the same direction as the web <Desc / Clms Page number 8> said, while having opposing walls spaced apart to receive fasteners driven into the framing member, and profiled to present a plurality of spaced ribs which extend generally perpendicular to the framing member. the aforesaid flat surface,

5. Prefabricated structural member comprising upper and lower bricks connected by a reinforcing core, each of these flanges being constituted by an elongated member of uniform cross section having a central part having on one of its faces a flat surface, which forms an outer surface of the flange, while its opposite face is connected to the aforesaid core, as well as protrusions retaining an attachment piece on each side of said central part and starting from this central part in the same direction as the aforesaid soul,

while having opposing spaced apart walls profiled so as to present a plurality of spaced apart ribs which extend generally perpendicular to said planar surface and terminate a short distance from said central portion, a portion of these walls between the central part and these ribs being spaced outwards in the direction of said central part.

6. Prefabricated structural member, comprising upper and lower bricks connected by an open web, each of these flanges being constituted by an elongated member of uniform cross section having a central part having on one of its flanges. faces a flat surface, which forms an outer surface of the flange, while its opposite face is welded to the aforesaid core at points spaced apart along its length, as well as means provided on each side of said central part to receive and retain a fastener embedded in <Desc / Clms Page number 9> the framing element, said means projecting from the central part in the same direction as the aforesaid web and comprising parallel spaced walls integral with one another and with the rest of the element to be flanges.

7. Prefabricated structural member comprising upper and lower bricks connected by an open web, each of these flanges being constituted by an elongated member of uniform cross section having a central part having on one of these flanges. its faces a flat surface, which forms an outer surface of the flange, while its opposite face is welded to the aforesaid core at points spaced apart along its length, as well as aes protrusions retaining a fastener on each side of said central part and starting from this central part in the same direction as the aforesaid web while having opposing walls spaced apart to receive fasteners embedded in the frame member,

8. Prefabricated structural member comprising upper and lower flanges connected by a hemmed web, each of these flanges being constituted by an elongated member of uniform cross-section having a central portion having on one of its faces a planar surface, which forms an outer surface of the flange while its opposite face is welded to the aforesaid core at points spaced along its length, as well as the means provided for each:

side of said central part for receiving and retaining a fastener embedded in the frame element, said means protruding from the central part in the same direction as the aforesaid web, while having opposite walls spaced apart profiled so as to present a plurality of spaced ribs which extend generally perpendicular to the aforesaid flat surface, said walls being integral with one another and with the rest of the element <Desc / Clms Page number 10> with flanges.

9. A prefabricated structural member comprising upper and lower bricks connected by an open web, each of these flanges being constituted by an elongated member of uniform cross section having a central portion having on one of its flanges. faces a flat surface, which forms an outer surface of the flange, while its opposite face is welded to the aforesaid core at points spaced apart along its length, as well as means provided on each side of said central part to receive and retaining a fastener embedded in the frame element, said means projecting on the central part in the same direction as the aforesaid web,

while having opposing walls spaced apart to receive fasteners driven into the framing member and profiled to present a plurality of spaced ribs, which extend generally perpendicular to the said flat surface. , said walls terminating at their ends remote from the aforesaid central part in a curved wall connecting the two walls.

10. Prefabricated structural member comprising upper and lower flanges connected by an open web, each of these flanges being constituted by an elongated member of uniform cross section having a central portion having a surface on one of its faces. plane, which forms an outer surface of the flange, while its opposite face is welded to said core at points spaced apart along its length, as well as to the means provided on each side of said central part to receive and retaining a fastener embedded in the frame member, said means projecting from the central part in the same direction as the aforesaid web, while having opposing walls spaced apart profiled so as to present a plurality of spaced ribs,

which extend <Desc / Clms Page number 11> generally perpendicular to the aforesaid planar surface, and ending at a short distance from the aforesaid central part, a part of these walls between the central part and these ribs being spaced apart. outwards in the direction of said central part.