BE403967A - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- BE403967A BE403967A BE403967DA BE403967A BE 403967 A BE403967 A BE 403967A BE 403967D A BE403967D A BE 403967DA BE 403967 A BE403967 A BE 403967A
- Authority
- BE
- Belgium
- Prior art keywords
- nickel
- ore
- chlorination
- iron
- hcl
- Prior art date
Links
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 192
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 125
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 104
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 96
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 69
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 64
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 63
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052803 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L Nickel(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001376 precipitating Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate dianion Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- ZULUUIKRFGGGTL-UHFFFAOYSA-L Nickel(II) carbonate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZULUUIKRFGGGTL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Nickel(II) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxyl anion Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001710 laterite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011504 laterite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012320 chlorinating reagent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229950008597 drug INN Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N HCl Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 24
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 229920001098 polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene/propylene) Polymers 0.000 description 22
- NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L Iron(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe]Cl NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 20
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229960002089 ferrous chloride Drugs 0.000 description 11
- 230000002829 reduced Effects 0.000 description 11
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Iron(III) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 10
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- YPLPZEKZDGQOOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Iron oxychloride Chemical compound [O][Fe]Cl YPLPZEKZDGQOOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 5
- -1 that is to say Substances 0.000 description 5
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N all-trans-retinol Chemical compound OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000001603 reducing Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011068 load Methods 0.000 description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monochloramine Chemical compound ClN QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000630 rising Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- LBFUKZWYPLNNJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cobalt(II,III) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O.O=[Co]O[Co]=O LBFUKZWYPLNNJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000863 Ferronickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L MgCl2 Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000004520 agglutination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000024126 agglutination involved in conjugation with cellular fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011717 all-trans-retinol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019169 all-trans-retinol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cacl2 Chemical class [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000011148 calcium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003292 diminished Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged Effects 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N AI2O3 Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminium chloride Chemical class Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Ca+2].Cl[O-].Cl[O-] ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L Cobalt(II) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Co+2] ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910021503 Cobalt(II) hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TXWRERCHRDBNLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cubane Chemical compound C12C3C4C1C1C4C3C12 TXWRERCHRDBNLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000004513 Dentition Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910017056 FCl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000699729 Muridae Species 0.000 description 1
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L Nickel(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 101700083447 OCT3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000164466 Palaemon adspersus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010057040 Temperature intolerance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011001 backwashing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001648 diaspore Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010981 drying operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002696 manganese Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940053662 nickel sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000623 nickel–chromium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007958 sleep Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035943 smell Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005063 solubilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000036346 tooth eruption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/005—Preliminary treatment of ores, e.g. by roasting or by the Krupp-Renn process
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
BE403967A true BE403967A (es) |
Family
ID=69442
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
BE403967D BE403967A (es) |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
BE (1) | BE403967A (es) |
-
0
- BE BE403967D patent/BE403967A/fr unknown
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