AU746771B2 - Implant element - Google Patents
Implant element Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU746771B2 AU746771B2 AU97727/98A AU9772798A AU746771B2 AU 746771 B2 AU746771 B2 AU 746771B2 AU 97727/98 A AU97727/98 A AU 97727/98A AU 9772798 A AU9772798 A AU 9772798A AU 746771 B2 AU746771 B2 AU 746771B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- surface layer
- implant
- biocompatible implant
- biocompatible
- less
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052586 apatite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;fluoride;triphosphate Chemical compound [F-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 claims description 7
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 3
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- -1 calcium phosphate compound Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000012620 biological material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229940127554 medical product Drugs 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052588 hydroxylapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 32
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 32
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 17
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 17
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 206010016256 fatigue Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000008512 biological response Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052587 fluorapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000530835 Frankenia laevis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004553 extrusion of metal Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004549 pulsed laser deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000689 upper leg Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/40—Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/02—Inorganic materials
- A61L27/04—Metals or alloys
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/02—Inorganic materials
- A61L27/10—Ceramics or glasses
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/28—Materials for coating prostheses
- A61L27/30—Inorganic materials
- A61L27/306—Other specific inorganic materials not covered by A61L27/303 - A61L27/32
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/28—Materials for coating prostheses
- A61L27/30—Inorganic materials
- A61L27/32—Phosphorus-containing materials, e.g. apatite
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE9704115 | 1997-11-11 | ||
| SE9704115A SE513556C2 (sv) | 1997-11-11 | 1997-11-11 | Implantatelement med tunt ytskickt applicerat genom het isostatisk pressning |
| PCT/SE1998/001948 WO1999026673A1 (en) | 1997-11-11 | 1998-10-28 | Implant element |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU9772798A AU9772798A (en) | 1999-06-15 |
| AU746771B2 true AU746771B2 (en) | 2002-05-02 |
Family
ID=20408930
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU97727/98A Ceased AU746771B2 (en) | 1997-11-11 | 1998-10-28 | Implant element |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6312472B1 (https=) |
| EP (1) | EP1030696B1 (https=) |
| JP (1) | JP4157679B2 (https=) |
| AT (1) | ATE297765T1 (https=) |
| AU (1) | AU746771B2 (https=) |
| CA (1) | CA2309709A1 (https=) |
| DE (1) | DE69830607T2 (https=) |
| SE (1) | SE513556C2 (https=) |
| WO (1) | WO1999026673A1 (https=) |
Families Citing this family (27)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6977095B1 (en) * | 1997-10-01 | 2005-12-20 | Wright Medical Technology Inc. | Process for producing rigid reticulated articles |
| US6296667B1 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 2001-10-02 | Phillips-Origen Ceramic Technology, Llc | Bone substitutes |
| SE514323C2 (sv) * | 1999-05-31 | 2001-02-12 | Nobel Biocare Ab | Implantat samt förfarande och användning vid implantat |
| DK174876B1 (da) | 2001-02-26 | 2004-01-12 | Danfoss As | Implantat og implantatoverflademodificeringsproces |
| DK1372749T3 (da) * | 2001-04-02 | 2004-12-20 | Stratec Medical Ag | Bioaktivt overfladelag, især til medicinske implantater og proteser |
| SE519564C2 (sv) * | 2001-07-04 | 2003-03-11 | Nobel Biocare Ab | Implantat, t ex dentalt implantat, belagt med bentillväxtstimulerande medel |
| SE0200269D0 (sv) * | 2002-01-31 | 2002-01-31 | Ellem Bioteknik Ab | Material for implantation |
| BR0311971A (pt) | 2002-06-20 | 2005-03-22 | Doxa Ab | Sistema para produção de um material de obturação dentária ou material de implante, e material em pó, lìquido de hidratação, material de implante e método de obtenção de uma ligação |
| EP1551470A2 (en) * | 2002-09-13 | 2005-07-13 | The University of British Columbia | Calcium phosphate coated implantable medical devices and processes for making same |
| DE10243132B4 (de) * | 2002-09-17 | 2006-09-14 | Biocer Entwicklungs Gmbh | Antiinfektiöse, biokompatible Titanoxid-Beschichtungen für Implantate sowie Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
| US7252684B2 (en) * | 2002-11-06 | 2007-08-07 | Southwest Research Institute | Ceramic in replacement components |
| US8372419B2 (en) * | 2004-03-10 | 2013-02-12 | Scil Technology Gmbh | Coated implants, their manufacturing and use thereof |
| JP4543152B2 (ja) * | 2004-08-20 | 2010-09-15 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | 透明チタン被覆生体適合化材料 |
| US7473278B2 (en) | 2004-09-16 | 2009-01-06 | Smith & Nephew, Inc. | Method of surface oxidizing zirconium and zirconium alloys and resulting product |
| EP2014259A1 (en) * | 2007-07-09 | 2009-01-14 | Astra Tech AB | A bone tissue implant comprising lithium ions |
| EP2014319A1 (en) | 2007-07-09 | 2009-01-14 | Astra Tech AB | A bone tissue implant comprising strontium ions |
| EP2273952B1 (en) | 2008-04-02 | 2018-02-21 | Pioneer Surgical Technology, Inc. | Intervertebral implant devices for supporting vertebrae and devices for insertion thereof |
| JP5499347B2 (ja) * | 2008-06-03 | 2014-05-21 | アドバンスド・メディックス株式会社 | 骨修復材料及びその製造方法 |
| US8361381B2 (en) | 2008-09-25 | 2013-01-29 | Smith & Nephew, Inc. | Medical implants having a porous coated surface |
| CA2838017C (en) | 2011-06-03 | 2019-08-27 | DePuy Synthes Products, LLC | Multilayered valve metal coating for a surgical implant |
| GB2523827A (en) | 2014-03-07 | 2015-09-09 | Nobel Biocare Services Ag | Dental implant |
| GB2523828A (en) | 2014-03-07 | 2015-09-09 | Nobel Biocare Services Ag | Dental implant |
| US10029407B2 (en) | 2014-12-04 | 2018-07-24 | Big Heart Pet, Inc. | Apparatus, processes, and systems for heat sealing |
| US10537658B2 (en) | 2017-03-28 | 2020-01-21 | DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. | Orthopedic implant having a crystalline gallium-containing hydroxyapatite coating and methods for making the same |
| US10537661B2 (en) | 2017-03-28 | 2020-01-21 | DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. | Orthopedic implant having a crystalline calcium phosphate coating and methods for making the same |
| EP3678602A4 (en) | 2017-09-08 | 2021-10-06 | Pioneer Surgical Technology, Inc. | DISC IMPLANTS, INSTRUMENTS AND PROCEDURES |
| USD907771S1 (en) | 2017-10-09 | 2021-01-12 | Pioneer Surgical Technology, Inc. | Intervertebral implant |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS58118746A (ja) * | 1982-01-07 | 1983-07-14 | 株式会社ニコン | 歯科用インプラント及びその製造方法 |
| DE3447583A1 (de) * | 1984-12-28 | 1986-07-10 | Battelle-Institut E.V., 6000 Frankfurt | Verfahren zur herstellung implantierbarer knochenersatzwerkstoffe |
| DD246028A1 (de) * | 1986-02-12 | 1987-05-27 | Karl Marx Stadt Tech Hochschul | Keramisiertes metallimplantat |
| JPS6399867A (ja) * | 1986-10-17 | 1988-05-02 | ペルメレツク電極株式会社 | リン酸カルシウム化合物被覆複合材及びその製造方法 |
| FI78232C (fi) * | 1987-06-15 | 1989-07-10 | Trident Oy | Implantat, som ersaetter en tand eller en del av benvaevnaden med syntetiskt material. |
| SE465571B (sv) * | 1989-04-10 | 1991-09-30 | Stiftelsen Ct Foer Dentaltekni | Saett att framstaella ett sammansatt keramiskt material med bioaktiva egenskaper |
| US5123844A (en) * | 1989-06-20 | 1992-06-23 | Agency Of Industrial Science And Technology | Living hard tissue replacement prepared by superplastic forming of a calcium phosphate base |
| US5211833A (en) * | 1991-07-24 | 1993-05-18 | Queen's University At Kingston | Method for coating implants and surgical devices made of titanium and titanium alloys |
| CN1101705C (zh) * | 1993-11-09 | 2003-02-19 | 离子工学振兴财团 | 一种用作骨替代物的材料以及该材料的制造方法 |
| DE19504386C2 (de) * | 1995-02-10 | 1997-08-28 | Univ Dresden Tech | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer gradierten Beschichtung aus Calciumphosphatphasen und Metalloxidphasen auf metallischen Implantaten |
-
1997
- 1997-11-11 SE SE9704115A patent/SE513556C2/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1998
- 1998-10-28 EP EP98951891A patent/EP1030696B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-10-28 WO PCT/SE1998/001948 patent/WO1999026673A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-10-28 JP JP2000521874A patent/JP4157679B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-10-28 AU AU97727/98A patent/AU746771B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-10-28 US US09/530,420 patent/US6312472B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-10-28 CA CA002309709A patent/CA2309709A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-10-28 DE DE69830607T patent/DE69830607T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-10-28 AT AT98951891T patent/ATE297765T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP4157679B2 (ja) | 2008-10-01 |
| WO1999026673A1 (en) | 1999-06-03 |
| CA2309709A1 (en) | 1999-06-03 |
| EP1030696A1 (en) | 2000-08-30 |
| ATE297765T1 (de) | 2005-07-15 |
| JP2001523528A (ja) | 2001-11-27 |
| US6312472B1 (en) | 2001-11-06 |
| DE69830607T2 (de) | 2006-05-11 |
| DE69830607D1 (de) | 2005-07-21 |
| SE9704115L (sv) | 1999-05-12 |
| AU9772798A (en) | 1999-06-15 |
| SE9704115D0 (sv) | 1997-11-11 |
| SE513556C2 (sv) | 2000-10-02 |
| EP1030696B1 (en) | 2005-06-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FGA | Letters patent sealed or granted (standard patent) | ||
| MK14 | Patent ceased section 143(a) (annual fees not paid) or expired |