AU2020277201B1 - Model test system for stability and support of surrounding rock of deeply buried tunnel under complex conditions - Google Patents
Model test system for stability and support of surrounding rock of deeply buried tunnel under complex conditions Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 184
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- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 49
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- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a model test system for stability and support of
surrounding rock of a deeply buried tunnel under complex conditions, mainly including a
high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber, an embedded high hydraulic servo loading
5 system, a high ground temperature control system, a high seepage water pressure loading
system, a micro TBM intelligent tunneling system, a multi-arm lining system and a
self-sealing high precision test system, wherein the high-pressure water-sealed model test
chamber is configured to accommodate a test model body and a high-pressure water body;
the embedded high hydraulic servo loading system provides high ground stress for the test
10 model body; the high ground temperature control system applies a high ground temperature
to the test model body; the high seepage water pressure loading system is configured to
load high seepage water pressure in all directions for the test model body; the TBM
intelligent tunneling system can intelligently excavate model caverns of different shapes
and sizes; the multi-arm lining system is used for lining support and grouting reinforcement
15 after excavation of a model cavern; and the self-sealing high precision test system is
configured to test the displacement, stress and seepage pressure of any part inside the
model test body.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a true three-dimensional model test system used in the fields of hydropower, transportation, energy and mining engineering for simulating the stability and support control of the surrounding rock of a deeply buried tunnel under complex multi-field coupling conditions.
Related Art
With the rapid development of the society and economy, China has developed into a country with tunnels and underground projects having the largest number, the largest scale, the most complex geological conditions, and the most diverse structural forms in the world. In recent years, the construction of deep caverns such as hydropower diversion tunnels, traffic tunnels, and mine roadways in China has been booming, and the construction focus has shifted to the western mountainous and karst areas with complex geological conditions. High ground stress, high seepage pressure, strong karst, complex geological structure, etc. cause frequent disasters during the construction of deep caverns (such as traffic tunnels, diversion tunnels, and mine roadways), forming concealed and sudden large-scale geological disasters such as water inrush, mud inrush, and collapse. The location, scale, and dynamic characteristics of disasters are difficult to accurately predict, and the disasters often bring serious harm to underground engineering construction, causing major economic losses such as flooding of caverns and destroying of machinery and equipment, and even worse, serious casualties. Therefore, in-depth research carried out on the disaster mechanism of water inrush and mud inrush in deep caverns under the coupling effect of high ground stress and high seepage water pressure has great theoretical significance and engineering application value for effectively preventing the occurrence of disastrous accidents and improving the construction safety and operation stability of deep caverns. For deep cavern engineering, traditional theoretical methods are incompetent, numerical simulation is difficult, and in-situ test conditions are limited and expensive. In contrast, the geomechanical model test has become an important means for studying deep engineering due to its vivid, intuitive and real characteristics. Different from MTS's research on the mechanical properties of rock cores, the geomechanical model test is a physical simulation method using a scaled model to study the construction and excavation process and deformation and failure of a cavern based on the similarity principle, and plays an irreplaceable role by theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field testing for discovering new phenomena, exploring new laws, revealing new mechanisms, and verifying new theories. Therefore, the geomechanical model test has also become an important means to study the mechanism and conditions of occurrence of water and mud inrush geological disasters in deep caverns. To carry out geomechanical model tests on the stability and support of the surrounding rock of deep caverns under the coupling effect of high ground stress and high seepage pressure, it is necessary to provide a corresponding geomechanical model test system. The current research status of the model test system is as follows:
"Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering" 2009 Issue 4 introduced a three-dimensional physical model permeability test system for deep-buried long and large diversion tunnels, in which an automatic seepage pressure control water supply system and a discrete perforated pipe seepage generation system are designed and made to realize static load simulation of a seepage field, but the system cannot simulate true three-dimensional loading of high ground stress in deep caverns, cannot simulate an intelligent excavation and automatic lining support process of a model cavern, and cannot simulate temperature effects.
"Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering" 2013 Issue 5 introduced a submarine tunnel fluid-solid coupling model test system which includes a steel frame, a tempered glass test box and a seepage pressure loading device. The system can perform plane stress and quasi-three-dimensional plane strain model tests, but the system cannot carry out high-pressure true three-dimensional loading, cannot simulate an intelligent excavation and automatic lining support process of a model cavern, and cannot simulate temperature effects.
"Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering" 2015 Issue 5 introduced a floor water inrush simulation test system which can simulate the evolution process of mine floor water inrush under fluid-solid coupling conditions, but the system cannot realize true three-dimensional loading of high ground stress in deep caverns, cannot simulate an intelligent excavation and automatic lining support process of a model cavern, and cannot simulate temperature effects.
"Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering" 2016 Issue 3 introduced a three-dimensional model test system for simulating water inrush from deep tunnels. The system is developed with an indoor triaxial test machine as a template to achieve fluid-solid coupling loading, but the size of a test piece that can be accommodated by the device is small, and the system cannot simulate an intelligent excavation and automatic lining support process of a model cavern, and cannot simulate temperature effects.
"Rock and Soil Mechanics" 2017 Issue 3 introduced a model test system for water inrush and mud inrush from tunnels in a fault fracture zone. The system performs seepage pressure loading by setting up a high altitude water tank, but the system cannot carry out automatic seepage pressure loading, cannot carry out high ground stress true three-dimensional loading or simulate an intelligent excavation and automatic lining support process of a model cavern, and cannot simulate temperature effects.
"Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering" 2017 Issue 2 introduced a tunnel water inrush model test system which can realize the simulation of water inrush in karst caves under high ground stress and high seepage pressure, but the system can only perform plane strain loading, cannot realize true three-dimensional loading of model tests, cannot simulate an intelligent excavation and automatic lining support process of a model cavern, and cannot simulate temperature effects.
"Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering" 2018 Issue 5 introduced a covered karst cave water inrush model test system which can simulate the water inrush process of karst tunnels, but the system can only carry out plane strain loading with small loading value, cannot simulate an automatic lining support and grouting reinforcement process of a model cavern, and cannot simulate temperature effects.
"Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering" 2019 Issue 2 introduced a true triaxial geomechanical model test system which can simulate true three-dimensional loading, but the system cannot carry out multi-channel seepage pressure loading, cannot simulate an intelligent excavation and automatic lining support process of model caverns, and cannot simulate temperature effects.
"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology" 2019 Volume 94 introduced a fluid-solid coupling model test system, but the system cannot achieve true three-dimensional loading of high ground stress in deep caverns, cannot simulate an intelligent excavation and automatic lining support process of a model cavern, and cannot simulate temperature effects.
In summary, the current domestic and foreign model test systems have the following problems:
(1) the model tests are mostly based on plane loading and quasi-three-dimensional loading, and cannot simulate a true three-dimensional loading process of high ground stress under multi-field coupling effect;
(2) the model tests are impossible to simulate the stability and support control of the surrounding rock of deep caverns and the evolution process of water inrush under the multi-field coupling effect of high ground stress, high ground temperature and high seepage pressure;
(3) the model tests have the technical problems that high-pressure water is difficult to seal and high ground temperature is difficult to apply; and
(4) the model test caverns are mostly manually excavated, and are difficult to implement intelligent excavation and lining support for model caverns of different shapes and sizes.
In order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention develops a true three-dimensional model test system for simulating stability and support control of the surrounding rock of a deeply buried tunnel under complex multi-field coupling conditions.
The objective of the present invention is achieved by adopting the following technical solutions:
A true three-dimensional model test system for stability and support control of surrounding rock of a deeply buried tunnel under complex multi-field coupling conditions mainly includes a high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber, an embedded high hydraulic servo loading system, a high ground temperature control system, a high seepage water pressure loading system, a micro TBM intelligent tunneling system, a multi-arm lining system and a self-sealing high precision test system, wherein
the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber is configured to accommodate a test model body and a high-pressure water body, and a high-pressure water body space is formed between the test model body and an inner wall of the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber;
the embedded high hydraulic servo loading system is embedded in the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber to provide high ground stress for the test model body;
the high ground temperature control system applies a high ground temperature to the test model body;
the high seepage water pressure loading system is configured to load high seepage water pressure in all directions for the test model body;
the micro TBM intelligent tunneling system can intelligently excavate model caverns of different shapes and sizes;
the multi-arm lining system is used for lining support and grouting reinforcement after excavation of a model cavern; and the self-sealing high precision test system is configured to test the displacement, stress, seepage pressure and other multi-physical quantity information of any part inside the model test body.
Further, the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber is a sealed space for accommodating the test model body and the high-pressure water body, and is assembled from six high-strength steel reaction plates. Four of the high-strength steel reaction plates are precisely welded to form an annular cubic cylinder structural body, and the upper and lower high-strength steel reaction plates are in sealed connection with the annular cubic cylinder structural body by high-strength bolts.
Further, two sealing grooves are arranged on the upper and lower end surfaces of the annular cubic cylinder structural body, and rubber sealing rings are arranged in the sealing grooves.
Further, wiring holes are formed in the periphery of the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber.
Further, the embedded high hydraulic servo loading system provides high ground stress for a cavern model, and includes a large-tonnage hydraulic jack, a thruster plate and a pressure servo control center. The large-tonnage hydraulic jack is embedded in the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber. A thruster is mounted on the front end of a piston rod of the large-tonnage jack and directly acts on the model test body. The pressure servo control center is configured to control the pressure of the large-tonnage hydraulic jack.
Further, a flange is padded between the large-tonnage hydraulic jack and the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber. A rubber sealing ring is padded between the flange and the high-strength steel reaction plate of the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber, and the three are fixed together with high-strength bolts.
Further, a sealed excavation window is mounted in the center of the front high-strength steel reaction plate of the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber, and mainly includes a high-strength steel cylindrical tube, a steel sealing cover and a hollow steel water retaining shell. The high-strength steel cylindrical tube is welded to the center of the front high-strength steel reaction plate. The steel sealing cover seals the high-strength steel cylindrical tube by high-strength bolts and a rubber washer. The hollow steel water retaining shell is connected to the high-strength steel cylindrical tube and inserted into the model test body.
Further, the high ground temperature control system includes a water body heater, a model heater, a temperature control center and a sealed insulating plate. The water body heater is configured to heat the high-pressure water body to a test temperature. The model heater is configured to heat the model test body to a test temperature. The temperature control center is configured to control the water body heater and the model heater to further control the temperatures of the high-pressure water body and the model test body. The sealed insulating plate is configured to prevent heating heat from dissipating.
Further, the high seepage water pressure loading system includes a multi-section laid high-pressure water pipe, a water pressure loading device and a water pressure control system. The multi-section laid high-pressure water pipe connects the water pressure loading device with the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber. The water pressure loading device is configured to provide the water pressure required for the test. The water pressure control system is configured to dynamically input or output a water pressure value in real time.
Further, the multi-section laid high-pressure water pipe passes through wiring holes of the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber and is inserted into the test model body.
Further, the water pressure loading device mainly includes an automatic variable frequency booster pump, a water tank, a water pressure sensor and a high-pressure water outlet. The automatic variable frequency booster pump is configured to provide the water pressure value required for the test. The water tank is configured to carry the test water body. The water pressure sensor is configured to monitor output water pressure. The high-pressure water outlet is connected to the multi-section laid high-pressure water pipe to inject the pressurized test water body into the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber.
Further, the micro TBM intelligent tunneling system is configured to simulate cavern excavation, and includes a tunneling excavation cutter head, a tunneling drive connecting cylinder, a tunneling mover, a tunneling drive jack, a slag dust remover, a carrying frame and a tunneling control center. The tunneling excavation cutter head is provided with a rotating cutting blade for cutting and crushing the material of the model test body, and is mounted at the front end of the tunneling drive connecting cylinder. The tail end of the tunneling drive connecting cylinder is fixed to the tunneling mover and connected with the tunneling drive jack. The tunneling drive jack pushes the tunneling mover to move, thereby driving the tunneling excavation cutter head to move. The slag dust remover adsorbs and transports the excavated and cut model material out of the model body in real time. The carrying frame carries the entire micro TBM intelligent tunneling system and can be fixed to the outer wall of the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber. The tunneling control center controls the speed of tunneling and excavation.
Further, the multi-arm lining system is used for lining support and grouting after excavation of the model cavern, and includes a lining and grouting operation system, a telescopic driver, a support controller, and a grouting controller. The lining and grouting operation system is configured to implement cavern lining support and grouting reinforcement. The telescopic driver controls the forward and backward movement of the lining and grouting operation system. The support controller is configured to control the acting force and speed of the lining and grouting operation system during lining support. The grouting controller is configured to control the grouting pressure and grouting amount of the lining and grouting operation system during grouting reinforcement.
Further, the lining and grouting operation system mainly includes a telescopic thrust block, a grouting pipe and a fixer. The telescopic thrust block and the grouting pipe are mounted on the fixer. The telescopic thrust block is bonded to a lining segment and pushed to the wall of a cavern. The grouting pipe passes through the lining segment and is configured to inject reinforcement grout into a contact gap between the lining segment and the wall of the cavern.
Further, the self-sealing high precision test system includes a waterproof light-sensitive displacement sensor, a waterproof seepage pressure sensor, a waterproof temperature sensor, and a data processing center. The waterproof light-sensitive displacement sensor passes through the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber and is fixed inside the test model body to detect the displacement of any part in the model test body. The waterproof seepage pressure sensor is configured to detect the seepage pressure of any part in the model test body. The waterproof temperature sensor is configured to detect the temperatures of the model test body and the high-pressure water body in real time. The data processing center processes, stores and displays the measured model test data in real time, and automatically generates a relevant time history curve.
The present invention has the following significant technical advantages:
(1) The hydraulic jack loading device of the present invention is embedded in a reaction device, thereby changing the disadvantage that the hydraulic jack loading device of the existing model test system is completely mounted inside the reaction device, greatly saving the internal space of the reaction device and the test model, facilitating mounting, disassembly and maintenance of the reaction device, and being more conducive to ensuring the sealing performance of the model reaction device.
(2) The present invention can perform an ultra-high-pressure true three-dimensional simulation test under the multi-field coupling effect, can precisely simulate nonlinear deformation failure and a water inrush evolution process during deep cavern excavation under the multi-field coupling effect of high ground stress, high seepage pressure and high ground temperature, and solves the technical problem that the existing model test system can only load uniformly under low pressure.
(3) The present invention can realize gradient loading of water pressure, has a large loading value, truly simulates a high-pressure groundwater environment, and solves the technical problem that the existing model test can only be loaded with a low head.
(4) The present invention can finely simulate the intelligent excavation, lining support and grouting process of a model cavern, and solve the problem that the existing model test can only be manually excavated and manually supported and is difficult to automatically model grouting reinforcement.
(5) The present invention can finely simulate the synergistic effect mechanism of surrounding rock and lining support, and effectively optimize the support scheme of the cavern.
(6) The present invention has broad application prospects in simulating the stability and support control of the surrounding rock of deep caverns in hydropower, transportation, energy and mines.
The accompanying drawings constituting a part of this application are used for providing further understanding of this application. Exemplary embodiments of this application and descriptions thereof are used for explaining this application and do not constitute any inappropriate limitation to this application.
Figure 1 is a schematic plan view of an overall structure of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber of the present invention.
Figure 3 is a front view of the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber of the present invention.
Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of an embedded high hydraulic servo loading system of the present invention.
Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a sealed excavation window of the present invention.
Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a high ground temperature control system of the present invention.
Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a high seepage water pressure loading system of the present invention.
Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a water pressure loading device of the present invention.
Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a micro TBM intelligent tunneling system of the present invention.
Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of a multi-arm lining system of the present invention.
Figure 11 is a side view of a lining and grouting operation system of the present invention.
Figure 12 is a front view of the lining and grouting operation system of the present invention.
Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of a self-sealing high precision test system of the present invention.
1 denotes a high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber, 2 denotes an embedded high hydraulic servo loading system, 3 denotes a high ground temperature control system, 4 denotes a high seepage water pressure loading system, 5 denotes a micro TBM intelligent tunneling system, 6 denotes a multi-arm lining system, 7 denotes a self-sealing high precision test system, 8 denotes a test model body, 9 denotes a high-pressure water body, 10 denotes a high-strength steel reaction plate, 11 denotes an annular cubic cylinder structure, 12 denotes a high-strength bolt, 13 denotes a sealing groove, 14 denotes a rubber sealing ring, 15 denotes a wiring hole, 16 denotes a large-tonnage hydraulic jack, 17 denotes a thruster plate, 18 denotes a pressure servo control center, 19 denotes a flange, 20 denotes a sealed excavation window, 21 denotes a high-strength steel cylindrical tube, 22 denotes a steel sealing cover, 23 denotes a hollow steel water retaining shell, 24 denotes a water body heater, 25 denotes a model heater, 26 denotes a temperature control center, 27 denotes a sealed insulating plate, 28 denotes a multi-section laid high-pressure water pipe, 29 denotes a water pressure loading device, 30 denotes a water pressure control system, 31 denotes an automatic variable frequency booster pump, 32 denotes a water tank, 33 denotes a water pressure sensor, 34 denotes a high-pressure water outlet, 35 denotes a tunneling and excavation cutter head, 36 denotes a tunneling drive connecting cylinder, 37 denotes a tunneling mover, 38 denotes a tunneling drive jack, 39 denotes a slag dust remover, 40 denotes a carrying frame, 41 denotes a tunneling control center, 42 denotes a rotating cutting blade, 43 denotes a lining and grouting operation system, 44 denotes a drive connecting cylinder, 45 denotes a rail fixing plate, 46 denotes a slide rail, 47 denotes a telescopic driver, 48 denotes a carrying platform, 49 denotes a drive control center, 50 denotes a support controller, 51 denotes a grouting controller, 52 denotes a telescopic thrust block, 53 denotes a grouting pipe, 54 denotes a fixer, 55 denotes a lining segment, 56 denotes a waterproof light-sensitive displacement sensor, 57 denotes a waterproof seepage pressure sensor, 58 denotes a waterproof temperature sensor, 59 denotes a data processing center, 60 denotes an inverted cone rubber ring.
It should be noted that, the following detailed descriptions are all exemplary, and are intended to provide further descriptions of this application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It should be noted that terms used herein are only for describing specific implementations and are not intended to limit exemplary implementations according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In addition, it should further be understood that terms "comprise" and/or "include" used in this specification indicate that there are features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
Explanation of terms: The "strength" of the "high-strength steel plate" described in the present invention has no specific numerical requirements, as long as the strength meets the requirements of the test.
The "micro" in the "micro TBM intelligent tunneling system" described in the present invention only means that the size is smaller than that of a large tunneling system, and does not mean a specific size limit.
The "high seepage water pressure" in the "high seepage water pressure loading system" described in the present invention does not specifically refer to a certain pressure value, but is a relative concept, as long as the seepage water pressure meets the pressure intensity required for the test.
The "high ground temperature" in the "high ground temperature control system" described in the present invention does not specifically refer to a certain temperature value, but is a relative concept, as long as the ground temperature meets the requirement of the test.
The "high-pressure" in the "high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber" described in the present invention does not specifically refer to a certain pressure value, but is a relative concept, as long as the pressure meets the pressure requirement of the test.
The "large tonnage" in the "large-tonnage hydraulic jack" described in the present invention also does not specifically refer to a certain tonnage, but is a relative concept, as long as the tonnage meets the tonnage requirement of the test.
The "high precision" described in the present invention also does not specifically refer to a certain precision, but is a relative concept, as long as the precision requirement of the test is met.
The present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings and embodiments.
As shown in Figure 1, a true three-dimensional model test system for stability and support control of surrounding rock of a deeply buried tunnel under complex multi-field coupling conditions mainly includes a high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber 1, an embedded high hydraulic servo loading system 2, a high ground temperature control system 3, a high seepage water pressure loading system 4, a micro TBM intelligent tunneling system 5, a multi-arm lining system 6 and a self-sealing high precision test system 7.
As shown in Figure 2, the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber 1 is a sealed space for accommodating a test model body 8 and a high-pressure water body 9, and is assembled from six high-strength steel reaction plates 10. The high-strength steel reaction plates 10 are made of high-strength steel plates with a thickness of 40 mm. Four of the high-strength steel reaction plates 10 are welded to form an annular cubic cylinder structural body 11, and the upper and lower high-strength steel reaction plates 10 are in sealed connection with the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the annular cubic cylinder structural body 11 by high-strength bolts 12. The specific sealed connection method is: two sealing grooves 13 are arranged on each of the upper end surfaces and the lower end surface of the annular cubic cylinder structural body 11, and a rubber sealing ring 14 is arranged in each sealing groove 13. Further, the shape of the sealing grooves 13 is annular, and the shape of the rubber sealing rings 14 matched with the sealing grooves is also annular.
As shown in Figure 3, wiring holes 15 are formed in the periphery of the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber 1, that is, wiring holes 15 are formed in the six high-strength steel reaction plates 10. As shown in Figure 4, the embedded high hydraulic servo loading system 2 provides a loading force for the test, and includes a large-tonnage hydraulic jack 16, a thruster plate 17 and a pressure servo control center 18. In the present embodiment, the maximum applied load of the large-tonnage hydraulic jack 16 is 70 MPa, and the large-tonnage hydraulic jack is embedded in the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber 1; the thruster plate 17 is mounted on the front end of a piston rod of the large-tonnage jack 16 and directly acts on the model test body 8; and the pressure servo control center 18 is configured to control the pressure of the large-tonnage hydraulic jack 16.
Further, a flange 19 is padded between the large-tonnage hydraulic jack 16 and the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber 1. A rubber sealing ring 14 is padded between the flange 19 and the high-strength steel reaction plate 10 of the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber 1, and the three are fixed together with high-strength bolts 12.
Further, in the present embodiment, nine large-tonnage hydraulic jacks 16 are embedded respectively in the upper high-strength steel reaction plate 10, the lower high-strength steel reaction plate 10, the left high-strength steel reaction plate 10, the right high-strength steel reaction plate 10 and the rear high-strength steel reaction plate 10 (refer to Figure 2 for the specific setting mode), and eight large-tonnage hydraulic jacks 16 are embedded in the front high-strength steel reaction plate 10. A sealed excavation window 20 is arranged at the center of the front high-strength steel reaction plate 10, as shown in Figure 3 for details.
As shown in Figure 5, the sealed excavation window 20 mounted in the center of the front high-strength steel reaction plate 10 of the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber 1 mainly includes a high-strength steel cylindrical tube 21, a steel sealing cover 22 and a hollow steel water retaining shell 23. The high-strength steel cylindrical tube 21 has the same size and shape as the excavated cavern, and is horizontally welded to the center of the front high-strength steel reaction plate 10. The steel sealing cover 22 is mounted on the outer end surface of the high-strength steel cylindrical tube 21, and the outside of the high-strength steel cylindrical tube 21 is sealed by the high-strength bolts 12 and the rubber sealing ring 14. The hollow steel water retaining shell 23 has the same size and shape as the excavated cavern, is connected with the inner end surface of the high-strength steel cylindrical tube 21 in the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber 1, and is inserted into the model test body 8 to ensure that no water leakage occurs during cavern excavation.
The above-mentioned outer end surface refers to the end surface located outside the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber 1, and the inner end surface refers to the end surface located inside the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber 1.
As shown in figure 6, the high ground temperature control system 3 applies a test temperature to the test model body 8 and the high-pressure water body 9, and includes a water body heater 24, a model heater 25, a temperature control center 26 and a sealed insulating plate 27. The water body heater 24 is arranged in the high-pressure water body 9 and configured to heat the high-pressure water body 9 to a test temperature. The model heater 25 is arranged in the model test body 8 and configured to heat the model test body 8 to a test temperature. The temperature control center 26 is configured to control the temperatures of the water body heater 24 and the model heater 25. The sealed insulating plate 27 is mounted on the inner wall of the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber 1 and configured to prevent heating heat from dissipating.
Further, in the present embodiment, a plurality of water body heaters 24 may be arranged and located at different positions of the high-pressure water body; and a plurality of model heaters 25 may also be arranged and located at different positions of the model test body 8.
As shown in Figure 7, the high seepage water pressure loading system 4 is configured to perform automatic loading of high seepage water pressure for the test model body 8, and includes a multi-section laid high-pressure water pipe 28, a water pressure loading device 29 and a water pressure control system 30. The multi-section laid high-pressure water pipe 28 communicates the water pressure loading device 29 with the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber 1. The multi-section laid high-pressure water pipe 28 is divided into 6 ways of independent loading water pipes, wherein in the test model body 1, one way is on the upper part, one way is at the lower part, and four ways are on the sides to achieve gradient loading of water pressure. The maximum loading value of each way is 50 MPa. Furthermore, in the present embodiment, each way of high-pressure water pipe 28 includes a main high-pressure water pipe and a plurality of branch high-pressure water pipes, and the main high-pressure water pipe communicates with the branch high-pressure water pipes.
The water pressure loading device 29 is configured to provide the water pressure required for the test. The water pressure control system 30 is configured to input or output a pressure value and record test data. The multi-section laid high-pressure water pipe 28 passes through the wiring holes 15 of the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber 1, and the water outlet end of the water pipe is inserted into the test model body 8. The seepage pressure is loaded according to u=yh, where h is the depth of the water level, and y is the bulk density of the water body. Gradient seepage pressure is formed to realize seepage pressure loading changing with depth.
As shown in Figure 8, the water pressure loading device 29 mainly includes an automatic variable frequency booster pump 31, a water tank 32, a water pressure sensor 33 and a high-pressure water outlet 34. The automatic variable frequency booster pump 31 is configured to provide the water pressure value required for the test. The water tank 32 is configured to carry the test water body. The water pressure sensor 33 is configured to test the output water pressure. The high-pressure water outlet 34 is connected to the multi-section laid high-pressure water pipe 28 to input the high-pressure water body 9 into the test model body 8.
As shown in Figure 9, the micro TBM intelligent tunneling system 5 is configured to simulate a TBM cavern excavation process, and includes a tunneling excavation cutter head 35, a tunneling drive connecting cylinder 36, a tunneling mover 37, a tunneling drive jack 38, a slag dust remover 39, a carrying frame 40 and a tunneling control center 41. The tunneling excavation cutter head 35 is provided with a rotating cutting blade 42 for cutting and crushing the material of the model test body 8, and the tunneling excavation cutter head 35 is mounted at the front end of the tunneling drive connecting cylinder 36. The tail end of the tunneling drive connecting cylinder 36 is fixed to the tunneling mover 37 and connected with the tunneling drive jack 38. The tunneling drive jack 38 pushes the tunneling mover 37 to move, thereby driving the tunneling excavation cutter head 35 to move. The slag dust remover 39 adsorbs and transports the excavated and cut model material out of the model body in real time. The carrying frame 40 carries the entire micro TBM intelligent tunneling system 5 and can be fixed to the outer wall of the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber 1. The tunneling control center 41 controls the speed of tunneling and excavation.
As shown in Figure 10, the model multi-directional automatic lining system 6 is configured to perform lining support and grouting reinforcement for the cavern after excavation of a model cavern, and includes a lining and grouting operation system 43, a drive connecting cylinder 44, a rail fixing plate 45, a slide rail 46, a telescopic driver 47, a carrying platform 48, a drive control center 49, a support controller 50 and a grouting controller 51.
The lining and grouting operation system 43 is located at the front end of the entire device and is configured to implement lining support and grouting reinforcement. The front end of the drive connecting cylinder 44 is connected with the lining and grouting operation system 43 to control the construction travel position. The rear end of the drive connecting cylinder 44 is fixed on the rail fixing plate 45, and the rail fixing plate 45 is mounted on a slide block of the slide rail 46. The telescopic driver 47 is connected to the rear end of the rail fixing plate 45 to control the forward and backward movement of the rail fixing plate, thereby realizing the forward and backward movement of the lining and grouting operation system 43 and the drive connecting cylinder 44. The carrying platform 48 is configured to carry the entire system, and the drive control center 49 adjusts the expansion and contraction of the telescopic driver 47. The support controller 50 is configured to control the acting force and speed of the lining and grouting operation system 43 during lining support. The grouting controller 51 is configured to control the grouting pressure and grouting amount of the lining and grouting operation system 43 during grouting reinforcement.
Further, the drive connecting cylinder 44 described in the present embodiment is a rod-shaped structure including a multi-section cylinder structure. Certainly, it is not difficult to understand that the drive connecting cylinder 44 may also be arranged in an integrated structure, instead of adopting the multi-section form.
As shown in Figure 11 and Figure 12, the lining and grouting operation system 43 mainly includes a telescopic thrust block 52, a grouting pipe 53 and a fixer 54. The telescopic thrust block 52 and the grouting pipe 53 are mounted on the fixer 54. The telescopic thrust block 52 is bonded to a lining segment 55 and pushed to the wall of a cavern, and may perform lining support in the up, down, left and right directions of the cavern. One end of the grouting pipe 53 is connected with the grouting controller 51, and the other end passes through the lining segment 55, and the grouting pipe is configured to inject reinforcement grout into a contact gap between the lining segment 55 and the wall of the cavern. The grouting pipe 53 includes multiple ways corresponding to different lining segments 55, and one lining segment 55 is provided with one way of grouting pipe 53.
In the present embodiment, the number of lining segments 55 in each group is four, and the four lining segments 55 form an annular structure. The fixer 54 is located at the center of the annular structure, and the four lining segments 55 are connected to the fixer 54 through four telescopic thrust blocks 52. The structure of the four lining segments 55 is the same, as shown in Figure 12 for details.
As shown in Figure 13, the highly-sealed model test system 7 includes a waterproof light-sensitive displacement sensor 56, a waterproof seepage pressure sensor 57, a waterproof temperature sensor 58, and a data processing center 59. The waterproof light-sensitive displacement sensor 56 passes through the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber 1 and is fixed inside the model test body 8 to detect the displacement of any part in the model material. The waterproof seepage pressure sensor 57 is configured to detect the seepage pressure of any part in the model test body 8. The waterproof temperature sensor 58 is configured to detect the temperatures of the model test body 8 and the high-pressure water body 9 in the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber 1 in real time. The data processing center 59 processes, stores and displays the measured model test data in real time, and automatically generates a relevant time history curve.
The foregoing descriptions are merely exemplary embodiments of this application, but are not intended to limit this application. This application may include various modifications and changes for a person skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made without departing from the spirit and principle of this application shall fall within the protection scope of this application.
Claims (8)
1. A model test system for stability and support of surrounding rock of a deeply buried tunnel under complex conditions, mainly comprising a high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber, an embedded high hydraulic servo loading system, a high ground temperature control system, a high seepage water pressure loading system, a micro TBM intelligent tunneling system, a multi-arm lining system and a self-sealing high precision test system, wherein
the inside of the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber is configured to accommodate a test model body and a high-pressure water body, and a high-pressure water body space is formed between the test model body and an inner wall of the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber;
the embedded high hydraulic servo loading system is embedded in the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber to provide high ground stress for the test model body;
the high ground temperature control system applies a test temperature to the test model body and the high-pressure water body;
the high seepage water pressure loading system is configured to load high seepage water pressure in all directions for the test model body;
the micro TBM intelligent tunneling system is configured to intelligently excavate model caverns of different shapes and sizes;
the multi-arm lining system is used for lining support and grouting reinforcement after excavation of a model cavern; and
the self-sealing high precision test system is configured to test the displacement, stress, and seepage pressure of any part inside the model test body.
2. The model test system for stability and support of surrounding rock of a deeply buried tunnel under complex conditions according to claim 1, wherein the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber is assembled from six high-strength steel reaction plates, four of the high-strength steel reaction plates are welded to form an annular cubic cylinder structural body, and the other two high-strength steel reaction plates are in sealed connection with the annular cubic cylinder structural body by high-strength bolts.
3. The model test system for stability and support of surrounding rock of a deeply buried tunnel under complex conditions according to claim 1, wherein a sealed excavation window is mounted in the center of the front high-strength steel reaction plate of the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber.
4. The model test system for stability and support of surrounding rock of a deeply buried tunnel under complex conditions according to claim 1, wherein the high ground temperature control system comprises a water body heater, a model heater, a temperature control center and a sealed insulating plate; the water body heater is arranged in the high-pressure water body and configured to heat the high-pressure water body to a test temperature; the model heater is located in the test model body and configured to heat the model test body to a test temperature; the temperature control center is connected with the water body heater and the model heater and configured to control the temperatures of the water body heater and the model heater; and the sealed insulating plate is located in the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber and configured to prevent heating heat from dissipating.
5. The model test system for stability and support of surrounding rock of a deeply buried tunnel under complex conditions according to claim 1, wherein the high seepage water pressure loading system comprises a multi-section laid high-pressure water pipe, a water pressure loading device and a water pressure control system; the high-pressure water pipe passes through the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber and is inserted into the corresponding position in the model test body; the water pressure loading device is connected with the high-pressure water pipe and provides high water pressure required for the test; and the water pressure control system is connected with the water pressure loading device and configured to dynamically input or output a water pressure value in real time.
6. The high seepage water pressure loading system according to claim 5, wherein the water pressure loading device mainly comprises an automatic variable frequency booster pump, a water tank, a water pressure sensor and a high-pressure water outlet; the automatic variable frequency booster pump is configured to provide the water pressure value required for the test; the water tank is configured to carry the test water body; the water pressure sensor is configured to monitor output water pressure; and the high-pressure water outlet is connected to the multi-section laid high-pressure water pipe to inject the pressurized test water body into the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber.
7. The model test system for stability and support of surrounding rock of a deeply buried tunnel under complex conditions according to claim 1, wherein the multi-arm lining system comprises a lining and grouting operation system, a telescopic driver, a support controller, and a grouting controller; the lining and grouting operation system is configured to implement cavern lining support and grouting reinforcement; the telescopic driver controls the forward and backward movement of the lining and grouting operation system; the support controller is configured to control the acting force and speed of the lining and grouting operation system during lining support; and the grouting controller is configured to control the grouting pressure and grouting amount of the lining and grouting operation system during grouting reinforcement.
8. The model test system for stability and support of surrounding rock of a deeply buried tunnel under complex conditions according to claim 7, wherein the lining and grouting operation system mainly comprises a telescopic thrust block, a grouting pipe and a fixer; the telescopic thrust block and the grouting pipe are mounted on the fixer; the telescopic thrust block is bonded to a lining segment and pushed to the wall of a cavern; and the grouting pipe passes through the lining segment and is configured to inject reinforcement grout into a contact gap between the lining segment and the wall of the cavern.
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| CN202010042958.2A CN111208015B (en) | 2020-01-15 | 2020-01-15 | Large buried depth tunnel surrounding rock stabilization and support model test system under complex condition |
| CN2020100429582 | 2020-01-15 | ||
| PCT/CN2020/072343 WO2021142683A1 (en) | 2020-01-15 | 2020-01-16 | Stabilization and support model test system for surrounding rock of large, buried, and deep tunnel under complex conditions |
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