AU2020101636A4 - A preparation method and product of broad bean water extract feed and its application - Google Patents
A preparation method and product of broad bean water extract feed and its application Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L11/00—Pulses, i.e. fruits of leguminous plants, for production of food; Products from legumes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L11/05—Mashed or comminuted pulses or legumes; Products made therefrom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L11/00—Pulses, i.e. fruits of leguminous plants, for production of food; Products from legumes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L11/30—Removing undesirable substances, e.g. bitter substances
- A23L11/32—Removing undesirable substances, e.g. bitter substances by extraction with solvents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Fodder In General (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method and product of broad bean water extract feed
and its application in embrittlement of fish muscles, including preparation of broad bean
powder, preparation of saturated calcium hydroxide solution, preparation of 4M hydrochloric
acid, extraction of broad bean water extract, preparation of broad bean water extract powder,
preparation of compound feed powder, preparation of mixture of compound feed and broad
bean water extract feed and preparation of broad bean water extract feed.The broad bean
extract feed extracted by the method of the present invention for use in fish can significantly
improve the muscle hardness, chewing and cohesive ability and promote the growth
performance of fish, which is an innovative application in fish farming.
Description
PATENTS ACT 1990
A preparation method and product of broad bean water extract feed and its application
The invention is described in the following statement:-
A preparation method and product of broad bean water extract feed and its application
The invention relates to the technical field of aquatic functional feed, in particular to
a preparation method of broad bean water extract feed, a product and application thereof
in embrittlement of fish muscles.
Broad bean is a kind of leguminous plant, which has developed rapidly in food
processing in recent years. Broad bean is a kind of crop rich in protein, minerals and
vitamins, and it is one of the high-quality nutrition sources. However, anti-nutritional
factors in broad bean will reduce the rational utilization of nutrients in broad bean. Many
treatment methods have been applied to the processing and treatment of broad beans,
among which several methods such as shelling, soaking, rinsing and germination can
reduce the content of anti-nutritional factors.
Studies have shown that as a single feeding source, broad bean can significantly
improve the taste of fish muscle, especially its "crisp" characteristics. After being fed with
broad beans for 100 days, the muscle hardness and collagen content of grass carp increased,
which showed the characteristics of "crisp" muscle. The crispy grass carp was called "crisp
meat flounder". The economic benefits of grass carp culture have been greatly increased,
but the research also shows that the broad bean has some defects while improving muscle characteristics: (1) The broad bean lacks some amino acids or some amino acids and anti nutritional factors, resulting in low fish growth rate;(2) The broad bean contains some anti nutritional ingredients such as protease and amylase inhibitor, broad bean pyrimidine nucleoside, broad bean pyrimidine nucleoside, phytate and so on, which may cause intestinal inflammation.(3) The broad bean will cause hemolysis and oxidative damage.
Therefore, how to reduce or eliminate the above defects is the key to solve the application
of broad bean as muscle quality improvement.
At present, scholars have made compound feed by adding broad bean powder, broad
bean protein concentrate and water-ethanol extract of broad bean, but only the compound
feed with broad bean powder embrittlement has embrittlement effect. However, the growth
rate of fish fed with broad bean powder embrittlement compound feed is generally low,
and it still contains anti-nutritional factors which have adverse effects on healthy growth,
so it can not meet the requirements of rapid growth while embrittleing fish muscles.
To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a preparation
method and product of broad bean water extract feed and its application in embrittlement
of fish muscles, which can remove the nutritional factors in broad beans to the greatest
extent and retain the functional components of broad bean embrittlement muscles, and can
improve the embrittlement and growth performance of broad bean active components on fish muscles and promote the development of aquatic functional feeds, which is of great significance for developing aquatic feeds with high nutritional value and specific functions.
According to one technical scheme of the invention, the preparation method of the
broad bean water extract feed comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of broad bean powder: shelling broad beans, crushing and sieving to
obtain broad bean powder;
(2) preparation of broad bean water extract: adding distilled water into broad bean
powder, adjusting pH to 9 with soluble metal hydroxide solution, filtering after ultrasonic
treatment, adjusting pH of filtrate to 4.5-5.0 with acid liquor, precipitating overnight,
filtering and concentrating to obtain broad bean water extract;
(3) preparation of broad bean water extract powder: crushing and sieving the extracted
broad bean water extract to obtain broad bean water extract powder;
(4) preparation of the mixture of compound feed and broad bean water extract powder:
crushing and sieving the compound feed, mixing with broad bean water extract powder and
stirring evenly to obtain the mixture of compound feed and broad bean water extract
powder;
(5) Preparation of broad bean water extract feed: mixing water with the mixture
prepared in step (4), granulating, air drying and packaging to obtain the broad bean water
extract feed.
Preferably, the step (1) specifically comprises the following steps: shelling the shell
of broad beans by a sheller, crushing by a traditional Chinese medicine flowing mill, and
sieving by a 60-mesh sieve;
Preferably, the soluble metal hydroxide solution in step (2) is a saturated calcium
hydroxide solution, and the acid solution is hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 4M;
Preferably, in step (2), the broad bean powder is added with 12 times distilled water,
the pH is adjusted to 9.0 with saturated calcium hydroxide solution, the filtrate is filtered
after ultrasonic treatment at 45°C for 1 hour, the filtrate is adjusted to pH 4.5-5.0 with 4M
hydrochloric acid, the filtrate is filtered after precipitation at 4°C overnight, and the filtrate
is concentrated to dryness at 55°C with a rotary evaporator to obtain the broad bean water
extract;
Preferably, in step (3), the extracted broad bean water extract solid is crushed by a
traditional Chinese medicine flowing mill and then screened by a 60-mesh sieve to obtain
broad bean water extract powder;
Preferably, in step (4), the compound feed powder obtained by crushing the compound
feed with a 60-mesh sieve and the broad bean water extract powder are mixed evenly to
obtain a mixture of the compound feed and the broad bean water extract powder;
Preferably, the mass mixing ratio of compound feed powder and broad bean water
extract powder in step (4) is 6.88: 1;
Preferably, the amount of water in step (5) is 20%-30% of the mass of the mixture.
According to the second technical scheme of the invention, the broad bean water
extract feed prepared by the preparation method of the broad bean water extract feed.
According to the third technical scheme of the invention, the broad bean water extract
feed prepared by the preparation method of the broad bean water extract feed is applied to
embrittlement of fish muscles.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
Long-term feeding of broad beans can change the muscle quality of grass carp, which
makes its muscles tough, durable and chewy. However, due to the unbalanced nutrient
composition of broad beans and a large number of anti-nutritional factors, long-term
feeding of broad beans will have an impact on the digestion and metabolism of fish. Broad
bean is rich in amino acid composition, lysine content is 3 times higher than cereal crop,
and its first limiting amino acid is sulfur-containing amino acid. In addition, the content of
trace elements and vitamins in broad bean is also high, but its utilization range is limited
because it contains more anti-nutritional factors. Condensed tannins with high molecular
weight and polyphenols with low molecular weight can be isolated from the aqueous
extract of broad bean, among which condensed tannins are the main anti-nutritional factors
in broad bean. Meanwhile, pyrimidine nucleoside in broad bean, pyrimidine nucleoside
accompanying broad bean, phytate, protease inhibitor, hemagglutinin and other substances
also have anti-nutritional effects.
While the broad bean powder is ultrasonically treated with alkali liquor, the alkaline
solution and ultrasonic treatment provided by the invention can promote the dissolution of the broad bean powder and further improve the extraction rate of the broad bean water extract. At the same time, although some anti-nutritional factors are soluble in water, they are easier to combine with metal ions. Therefore, in this application, metal ions are introduced while the pH value of the solution is adjusted by metal hydroxide solution, which makes it easier for anti-nutritional factors to combine with metal ions to form insoluble compounds, so that this part of anti-nutritional factors is not soluble in water in the process of water extraction, but remains in water as a precipitate and isfinally removed by filtration. Then, the filtrate is adjusted to be acidic and precipitated overnight, and the water extract of broad beans is prepared by rotary evaporation and concentration, which can retain the functional components of broad bean embrittlement muscles to the maximum extent and remove the anti-nutritional factors that nourish the growth and development of fish. Then, the extracted water extract of broad beans is made into powder and mixed with coordinated feeding to prepare water extract feed of broad beans, which can not only improve the functional utilization rate of fish to the fragile muscles of broad beans, but also avoid the influence of fish digestion and metabolism caused by long-term feeding of broad beans
The broad bean water extract used in the invention is a novel extract from broad bean,
and the pH adjusting alkaline solution, ultrasonic temperature and time during soaking and
temperature during concentration have important influence on the activity of the broad bean
water extract. Moreover, the extracted broad bean extract can significantly improve the
muscle hardness, chewiness and cohesiveness of fish, and promote the growth performance
of fish, which is an innovative application in fish culture.
Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in
detail, which should not be regarded as a limitation of the present invention, but rather as
a more detailed description of certain aspects, characteristics and embodiments of the
present invention.
It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for
describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present invention. In
addition, as for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that
every intermediate value between the upper limit and the lower limit of the range is also
specifically disclosed. Intermediate values within any stated value or stated range and every
smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate values within the stated range
are also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller
ranges can be independently included or excluded within the range.
Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same
meanings as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention
relates. Although the present invention only describes preferred methods and materials,
any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in
the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this
specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe methods and/or materials related to the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated documents, the contents of this specification shall prevail.
Without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention, it is obvious to those
skilled in the art that many modifications and changes can be made to the specific
embodiments of the specification of the invention. Other embodiments derived from the
description of the present invention will be apparent to the skilled person. The specification
and embodiment of that present invention are merely exemplary.
As used herein, "including", "including", "having", "containing", etc. are all open
terms, which means including but not limited to.
Example 1
(1) The shell of 16kg broad bean is removed by a sheller, and the shell is crushed by
a traditional Chinese medicine flowing mill and then sieved by a 60-mesh sieve.
(2) Preparation of saturated calcium hydroxide solution: weigh lOg of calcium
hydroxide solid, pour it into a beaker, add1000ml distilled water, stir and dissolve it, stand
still overnight, then take supernatant and put it into reagent bottle.
(3) Preparation of 4M hydrochloric acid: measure 333ml of concentrated hydrochloric
acid (12mol/L) and pour it into a beaker, dissolve it with distilled water, then drain it into
a 1000mL volumetric flask with a glass rod, wash the beaker and the glass rod for 2 to 3
times, and drain the washing solution into the volumetric flask, then add water to the
volumetric flask until it is 1 to 2cm away from the scale line, then drop it with a rubber- tipped dropper until the liquid level is even with the scale line, cover the stopper and shake it evenly, and put it into a reagent bottle
(4) Adding 12 times of distilled water into broad bean powder, adjusting pH to 9.0
with saturated calcium hydroxide, ultrasonicating at 45°C for 1h, filtering, adjusting pH of
filtrate to 4.5 ~ 5.0 with 4M hydrochloric acid, precipitating at 4°C overnight, filtering, and
concentrating filtrate to dryness at 55°C with rotary evaporator.
(5) The extracted broad bean water extract solid is crushed by a traditional Chinese
medicine flowing mill and then screened by a 60 mesh sieve to obtain 2.031kg of broad
bean water extract powder.
(6) Crushing the commercial feed with a traditional Chinese medicine flowing mill
and sieving with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain the commercial feed powder.
(7) Mix the compound feed powder and the broad bean water extract powder
according to the mass ratio of 6.88:1 to obtain the mixture of commercial feed and broad
bean water extract.
(8) Mix the mixture of 30% water and broad bean water extract evenly, press it into
strips with an electric noodle machine, air dry and chop it to get the broad bean water
extract feed.
Test example 1
(1) Treatment of broad beans: dry broad beans are soaked in salt water (1% NaCl
solution) at room temperature for 24h to obtain soaked broad beans;
(2) Preparation of experiment: 6 cement fish ponds with width of 2m x length of 2m
x height of 1.1m were prepared in the breeding base of Pearl River Fisheries Research
Institute, which were divided into three groups: feed group, broad bean group and broad
bean water extract group. Each pond was fed with about 1kg of healthy grass carp without
injury. During the breeding period, the six ponds were fed with commercial feed, soaked
broad bean prepared in step (1) and broad bean water extract prepared in Example 1.
(3) Feeding process: Before feeding, domesticate grass carp with a small amount of
soaked broad bean and water extract of broad bean for one week, and feed grass carp with
3% of fish body weight for 100 days every day. In the feeding process, follow the "timing
(9:00-10:00, 16:30-17:30), positioning, quality and quantity"
(4) After 100 days, six fish were caught in three groups of ponds to measure their body
weight and body length. After dissection, the visceral mass weight, liver weight and
abdominal fat weight were measured. The weight gain rate (WGR), fat fullness (CF), liver
body ratio (LI), visceral ratio (VSI) and abdominal fat index (AFI) of fish were calculated
as follows:
WGR(% )=100 x (terminal weight-initial weight)/initial weight;
CF=G/L3 x 100, where g is body mass (g) and 1 is body length (cm);
The ratio of liver to body (LI)=100 x liver weight/body weight;
Visceral ratio (VSI)=100 x visceral mass weight/body weight;
Abdominal fat index (AFI)=100 x abdominal fat weight/body weight;
(5) After the grass carp was killed under anesthesia, the scales and skin were removed,
and the muscles were taken from the back and cut into 2 cmx2cm x lcm muscle pieces, and
the texture test was carried out. The results are shown in Table 3.Among them, the test
condition of texture detection is two consecutive 30% compression cycles with an interval
of 5 seconds.The velocity before, during and after the test is 1 mm/s, 1 mm/s and 5 mm/s
respectively, the compression interval is 2s, and the compression ratio is 25%.
(6) SPSS 22 statistical analysis software was used for one-way ANOVA. When P <
0.05, the difference was considered significant, and P < 0.01 was extremely significant
The experimental results are shown in Table 1:
Table 1 Effect of feeding broad bean water extract feed on growth performance of
grass carp (n=6)
Group WGR (%) CF (% VSI (%) LI (%) AFI (0%
Feed 34.48+2.1 8 ' 35.58+4.16a 12.93±0.28a 3.23±0.25a 2.62±0.05a
group
Broad 8. 19 ±0.3 9 d 27. 16 ±0. 5 9 ' 13.07+1.91a 1.83±0.18c 3.66±0.63a
bean group
Broad 40.12±1.72ab 39.27±2.27a 12.53±1.36a 3.14±0.36ab 3.17±0.65a
bean water
extract
group
Note: Different lowercase letters in the shoulder markers of peer data show significant
differences (P<0.05).
It can be concluded from table 1 that grass carp fed with water extract of broad bean
after a series of treatments has a larger weight gain rate (P<0.01) and increased fatness
(P<0.05) within 100 days. The results showed that the extraction of broad beans was
beneficial to the digestion and absorption of active components of broad beans by grass
carp, and improved the growth performance of grass carp.
Component analysis was carried out on the broad bean water extract feed, commercial
feed and broad bean prepared in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 2:
Table 2 Composition analysis of broad bean water extract feed (content per 1OOg dry
matter)
Projects Commercial feed Broad bean Broad bean water
extract feed
Protein (G) 28.8 28.0 29.85
Fat (g) 5.5 1.4 4.87
Carbohydrates (g) 46.7 52.1 45.06
Coarse fiber (g) 8.1 4.1 7.57
According to table 2, the content of protein, fat and carbohydrate increased and the
content of crude fiber decreased (P<0.05), which indicated that the nutritional components
of broad beans were improved after extraction, which was beneficial to improve the growth
performance of grass carp.
Table 3 Effect of water extract of broad bean on muscle texture of grass carp
Hardness (gf) Chewability Elastic Cohesion Responsiveness
(gf)
Feed 678.40±29.41c 253.94±11.51c 0.612±0.009c 0.610+0.0020ab 0.296+0.021ab
group
Broad 1311.33±17.87a 601.50±5.75a 0.676+0.029a 0.643±0.014a 0 .2 8 3 ±0. 0 17 ab
bean group
Broad 1 1 7 9 . 8 5 ± 1 4 . 5 4b 409.94±21. 6 1b 0.625+0.01 1 ab 0 .5 9 2 ±0.0 10 ab 0.315±0.008a
bean water
extract group
Note: Different lowercase letters in the shoulder markers of peer data show significant
differences (P<0.05).
From Table 3, it can be concluded that the water extract feed made from broad beans
after extraction treatment can significantly improve the hardness, chewiness and elasticity
of grass carp muscle (P<0.05), and basically achieve the same embrittlement effect as
broad beans. The results showed that the active ingredients of broad bean which could embrittle muscles were retained after extraction treatment, which promoted the embrittlement of grass carp muscles and introduced a new feed for embrittlement of grass carp muscles.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the protection
scope of the present invention is not limited to this. Any person familiar with the technical
field who makes equivalent substitution or change according to the technical scheme and
conception of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present
invention should be covered in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of broad bean water extract feed, which is characterized by
comprising the following steps:
(1) Preparation of broad bean powder: shelling broad beans, crushing and sieving to
obtain broad bean powder;
(2) Preparation of broad bean water extract: adding distilled water into broad bean
powder, adjusting pH to 9 with soluble metal hydroxide solution, filtering after ultrasonic
treatment, adjusting pH of filtrate to 4.5-5.0 with acid liquor, precipitating overnight,
filtering and concentrating to obtain broad bean water extract;
(3) Preparation of broad bean water extract powder: crushing and sieving the extracted
broad bean water extract to obtain broad bean water extract powder;
(4) Preparation of the mixture of compound feed and broad bean water extract powder:
crushing and sieving the compound feed, mixing with broad bean water extract powder and
stirring them evenly to obtain the mixture of compound feed and broad bean water extract
powder;
(5) Preparation of broad bean water extract feed: mixing water with the mixture
prepared in step (4), granulating, air drying and packaging to obtain the broad bean water
extract feed.
2. The preparation method of the broad bean water extract feed according to claim 1,
which is characterized in that the step (1) specifically comprises the following steps: shelling the outer shell of the broad bean with a sheller, crushing the outer shell with a traditional Chinese medicine flowing mill, and sieving with a 60-mesh sieve.
3. The preparation method of broad bean water extract feed according to claim 1,
characterized in that the soluble metal hydroxide solution in step (2) is saturated calcium
hydroxide solution, and the acid solution is hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 4M.
4. The preparation method of broad bean water extract feed according to claim 3,
characterized in that, step (2) specifically comprises adding 12 times distilled water into
broad bean powder, adjusting pH to 9.0 with saturated calcium hydroxide solution,
performing ultrasonic treatment at 45°C for 1 hour, filtering, adjusting pH of filtrate to 4.5
5.0 with 4M hydrochloric acid, precipitating overnight at 4°C, filtering, and concentrating
filtrate to dryness at 55°C with a rotary evaporator to obtain broad bean water extract.
5. The preparation method of broad bean water extract feed according to claim 1,
characterized in that, in step (3), the extracted broad bean water extract solid is crushed by
a traditional Chinese medicine flowing mill, and then is screened by a 60 mesh sieve to
obtain broad bean water extract powder.
6. The preparation method of broad bean water extract feed according to claim 1,
characterized in that, in step (4), the compound feed powder obtained by crushing the
compound feed with a 60-mesh sieve, is mixed with the broad bean water extract powder
uniformly to obtain a mixture of the compound feed and the broad bean water extract
powder.
7. The preparation method of broad bean water extract feed according to claim 1,
characterized in that the mass mixing ratio of compound feed powder and broad bean water
extract powder in step (4) is 6.88: 1.
8. The preparation method of broad bean water extract feed according to claim 1,
characterized in that the amount of water in step (5) is 20%-30% of the mass of the mixture.
9. A broad bean water extract feed prepared by the method for preparing a broad bean
water extract feed according to any one of claims 1 ~ 8.
10. An application of the broad bean water extract feed prepared by the preparation
method of the broad bean water extract feed according to any one of claims 1-8 in
embrittlement of fish muscles.
10. A Preparation method and product of broad bean water extract feed and
application thereof as claimed in any one of claims 1-8 in embrittlement of fish muscle.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116067964A (en) * | 2023-03-06 | 2023-05-05 | 广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所 | Method and system for promoting fish muscle embrittlement by utilizing condensed tannin |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116067964A (en) * | 2023-03-06 | 2023-05-05 | 广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所 | Method and system for promoting fish muscle embrittlement by utilizing condensed tannin |
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