AU2020100755A4 - A multi-core optical fiber M×N type optical fiber coupler - Google Patents

A multi-core optical fiber M×N type optical fiber coupler Download PDF

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AU2020100755A4
AU2020100755A4 AU2020100755A AU2020100755A AU2020100755A4 AU 2020100755 A4 AU2020100755 A4 AU 2020100755A4 AU 2020100755 A AU2020100755 A AU 2020100755A AU 2020100755 A AU2020100755 A AU 2020100755A AU 2020100755 A4 AU2020100755 A4 AU 2020100755A4
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optical fiber
core
taper
core optical
adiabatic
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AU2020100755A
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Shitai Yang
Libo Yuan
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Guilin University of Electronic Technology
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Guilin University of Electronic Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02042—Multicore optical fibres
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
    • G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
    • G02B6/02342—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by cladding features, i.e. light confining region
    • G02B6/02376—Longitudinal variation along fibre axis direction, e.g. tapered holes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/262—Optical details of coupling light into, or out of, or between fibre ends, e.g. special fibre end shapes or associated optical elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/255—Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding
    • G02B6/2551—Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding using thermal methods, e.g. fusion welding by arc discharge, laser beam, plasma torch
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/255—Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding
    • G02B6/2552—Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding reshaping or reforming of light guides for coupling using thermal heating, e.g. tapering, forming of a lens on light guide ends

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Manufacture, Treatment Of Glass Fibers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a multi-core optical fiber MxN type optical fiber coupler. Its characteristics are: it consists of a single-mode optical fiber, an M-core multi-core optical fiber, an N-core multi-core optical fiber and two adiabatic tapers that connect the two ends of the single-mode optical fiber and two multi-core optical fibers respectively. In the composition, the adiabatic tapers is formed by inserting a multi-core optical fiber into a quartz sleeve having a low-refractive index isolation layer, and tapering at a high temperature. The optical energy transmitted in any core channels of the M-core multi-core optical fiber is efficiently coupled into the single-mode optical fiber through an adiabatic taper. The light beam within the single-mode optical fiber is then coupled to the individual channels of the N-core multi-core optical fiber through another adiabatic taper. The invention can be used for split-couple-connections between two multi-core optical fibers. (b * 0 0 @@000 @0090 FIG. 1 @00 ] 4 5; 2 3 4 L4-- -- ---@2

Description

DESCRIPTION
TITLE OF INVENTION
A multi-core optical fiber MxN type optical fiber coupler
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The invention relates to a multi-core optical fiber MxN type optical fiber coupler, which can be used for the optical coupling of multi-core optical fiber with different number of fiber cores, this belongs to the field of optical fiber device technology.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] Optical fiber directional couplers are important optical fiber passive devices, and generally speaking, people use the fused-tapering method to prepare optical fiber directional couplers. The traditional optical fiber directional couplers have two or more single-mode singlecore optical fibers leaning together, heat in a high-temperature flame to melt, at the same time stretch the optical fibers at both ends, so that the melting area of the optical fibers becomes a tapered transition section, and thus forming the coupler.
[0003] With the increasing demand for optical fiber sensing and optical fiber communication applications, optical fiber technology continuously develop, and multi-core optical fibers were born. The question then arises is how to solve the problem of multi-core optical fiber-based
2020100755 15 May 2020 couplers to complete the optical path coupling of multi-core optical fibers. The patent No. CN100456066C proposes a method of coupling a single-core optical fiber with a multi-core optical fiber coupler and fused-taper-coupling them, which simply fuses a single-core optical fiber with a multi-core optical fiber, then taper at the welding point, pulling the single-core optical fiber and the multi-core optical fiber at both ends of the welding point to very thin, and then achieves the coupling of the beam from the single-core optical fiber to the individual fiber cores of the multi-core optical fiber. Although this coupler can achieve the coupling of the beam from the single-core optical fiber to the multi-core optical fiber, and transmit the energy of the beam to different fiber core channels, but it has at least the following shortcomings: (1) due to the taper diameter after tapering is very thin, this makes the device extremely fragile; (2) generally speaking, the melting point of single-core optical fiber and multi-core optical fiber will be different, so it is difficult to control the temperature during the tapering process, so that the taper is symmetrical, which affects the coupling effect; (3) the optical field coupling of the taper is greatly affected by the outside air environment.
[0004] Single-core and multi-core optical fibers can achieve the preparation of couplers and achieve the splitting of multi-core optical fiber by tapering. So, how do you achieve a split-beam connection between two multi-core optical fibers, or even different numbers of cores of multicore optical fibers with any fiber-core optical paths? Split-beam connections between individual cores can also be achieved by welding two multi-core optical fibers directly together and then tapering at the welding point, but it is difficult to weigh the distribution of energy coupling between the individual cores in this way. It is also possible to use the scheme in the abovementioned patent CN100456066C, to weld different multi-core optical fibers at each end of the same single-mode optical fiber and prepare two multi-core optical fiber couplers, with the singlemode optical fiber playing a transitional role. But again, this optical fiber coupler suffers from several of the obvious shortcomings mentioned above.
[0005] Therefore, how to achieve the optical energy coupling between each core channel of different multi-core optical fibers (e.g., two multi-core optical fibers with different numbers of
2020100755 15 May 2020 cores), and to be able to control the proportion of energy allocated within each core channel to prepare stable and reliable multi-core optical fiber optical fiber coupler is an urgent problem to be solved.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
[0006] The objective of the invention is to provide a stable and reliable multi-core optical fiber MxN type optical fiber coupler to achieve the splitting and coupling function between arbitrary fiber core channels of two multi-core optical fibers.
[0007] The objective of the invention is achieved as the following.
[0008] A multi-core optical fiber MxN type optical fiber coupler. It consists of a single-mode optical fiber, an M-core multi-core optical fiber, an N-core multi-core optical fiber and two adiabatic tapers that connect the two ends of the single-mode optical fiber and two multi-core optical fibers respectively. In the composition, the adiabatic taper is formed by inserting a multicore optical fiber into a quartz sleeve having a low-refractive index isolation layer and tapering at a high temperature. In this taper, the low-refractive index isolation layer of the quartz sleeve is thinned to form a new cladding; the interior of the low-refractive index isolation layer and the multi-core optical fiber are thinned to form a new core. The outer diameter of the sleeve is reduced to the same diameter as the single-mode optical fiber at the taper waist, cut at the taper waist and welded to the single-mode optical fiber. The optical energy transmitted in any core channels of the M-core multi-core optical fiber is efficiently coupled into the single-mode optical fiber through an adiabatic taper. The light beam within the single-mode optical fiber is then coupled to the individual channels of the N-core multi-core optical fiber through another adiabatic taper.
2020100755 15 May 2020
[0009] The number of cores of the two multi-core optical fibers is Μ, N, M^2 andN^2, respectively.
[0010] The quartz sleeve described is a two layer structures sleeve with a hollow middle that can insert a multi-core optical fiber; the inner wall of the sleeve is a low-refractive index isolation layer formed by doping with fluorine elements, and the outer layer is pure quartz.
[0011] The quartz sleeve is a sleeve with three layer structures, the middle of which is hollow and can insert the multi-core optical fiber; the three layer structures of the sleeve are an outer layer of pure quartz, an inner wall layer of pure quartz, and a low-refractive index isolation layer sandwiched between the outer layer and the inner wall layer.
[0012] The quartz sleeve is a sleeve with three layer structures in which the low-refractive index isolation layer sandwiched between the outer layer and the inner wall layer can be a lowrefractive index isolation layer doped with fluorine, or a low-refractive index isolation layer formed by a number of circularly evenly distributed microholes.
[0013] The length of the adiabatic taper meets the adiabatic conversion conditions, so that the energy within the multi-core optical fiber core when transmitting in the taper meets the adiabatic conversion conditions.
[0014] The multi-core optical fiber MxN type optical fiber coupler can achieve the multi-core optical fiber core internal beam splitting ratio adjustment in each core by fusing and twisting to the adiabatic taper..
2020100755 15 May 2020
[0015] The multi-core optical fiber MxN type optical fiber coupler can also be achieved by heating the adiabatic taper to 1400-1650 degrees Celsius, to achieve the thermal diffusion of taper core doped substances, to achieve the objective of adiabatic taper refractive index modulation, and to achieve the multi-core optical fiber internal beam splitting ratio adjustment for each fiber core.
[0016] The invention has at least the following advantages as compared to the prior art.
[0017] (1) The diameter of the whole coupler is not less than the diameter of the single-mode optical fiber, which improves the strength of the device and improves the stability and reliability of the device.
[0018] (2) Fine-tuning the refractive index of the taper can be achieved by thermal diffusion or thermal fusion torsion on the adiabatic taper, so that the splitting ration of optical energy from single-mode optical fiber to multi-core optical fiber can be controlled online in the process of device preparation.
[0019] (3) The device is less affected by the external environment refractive index, temperature and other factors, and it has good stability.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0020] FIG. 1(a) is the structural diagram of a 19-core fiber, FIG. 1(b) is the structural diagram of a 32-core fiber.
2020100755 15 May 2020
[0021] FIG. 2 is an optical fiber coupler based on a 19-core fiber and a 32-core fiber, the device composition is shown in the dashed box, and the arrows are pointing to the cross-sectional structure at the corresponding locations. Among them are: 19-core fiber 1, 32-core fiber 2, quartz sleeve 3, single-mode optical fiber 4, adiabatic tapers 5-1/5-2.
[0022] FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of the quartz sleeve 3, including a middle hole 3-1, a lowrefractive index quartz layer 3-2, and a pure quartz outer layer 3-3.
[0023] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional structure of the quartz sleeve and the 19-core fiber in the hole before tapering (FIG.4 (a)) and after tapering (FIG. 4 (b)) in Embodiment 1.
[0024] FIG. 5 is a systematic diagram of the online regulation of each fiber core’s splitting ratio of a 19-core fiber using thermal diffusion method.
[0025] FIG. 6 is a structural diagram of a quartz sleeve 12 with three layer structures, including a middle hole 12-1, an inner wall layer 12-2 of pure quartz, an annular low-refractive index isolation layer 12-3, and an outer layer 12-4 of pure quartz.
[0026] FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional structure of the quartz sleeve with three layer structures and the 19-core fiber in the hole before tapering (FIG.7 (a)) and after tapering (FIG. 7 (b)) in Embodiment 2.
[0027] FIG. 8 is a systematic diagram of the online regulation of each core’s splitting ratio of a 19-core fiber using the method of arc-thermal-fusion-torsion.
2020100755 15 May 2020
[0028] FIG. 9 is a structural diagram of a quartz sleeve 15 having a circularly distributed annular holes, including a middle hole 15-1, a pure quartz layer 15-2, and a circularly distributed microholes layer 15-3.
[0029] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional structure of the quartz sleeve having a circularly distributed annular holes and the 19-core fiber in the hole before tapering (FIG. 10 (a)) and after tapering (FIG. 10 (b)). 16-1 is the new fiber core, 16-2 is the air hole cladding, and 16-3 is the pure quartz outer layer in Embodiment 3.
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0030] The invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
[0031] Embodiment 1: An Optical fiber coupler based on a 19-core fiber and a 32-core fiber.
[0032] The fiber core distribution of the 19-core fiber 1 and the 32-core fiber 2 is shown in FIG.
(a), (b) respectively. Both multi-core optical fibers have a diameter of 200 micrometers, but their cores have different spacing and geometric distribution. How to achieve the optical coupling of any core in the 19-core fiber 1 transmitting into the 32-core fiber 2? And how to control the proportional distribution of the optical energy coupled within each core of the 32-core fiber 2?
[0033] As shown in FIG. 2, in the dashed box are the optical fiber couplers for the 19-core fiber and 32-core fiber, including a single-mode optical fiber 4, a 19-core fiber 1, a 32-core fiber 2,
2020100755 15 May 2020 and two adiabatic tapers 5-1/5-2 connecting two ends of the single-mode optical fibers and the two multi-core optical fibers respectively. Outside the dashed box, each solid-lined arrow indicates a cross-sectional view of the device at its corresponding location. Among them, the adiabatic tapers 5-1/5-2 are formed by respectively inserting the 19-core fiber 1 and the 32-core fiber 2 into a quartz sleeve 3 having a low-refractive index isolation layer, and tapering at high temperature. The optical energy transmitted in the arbitrary core channel of the 19-core fiber 1 is efficiently coupled into the single-mode optical fiber 4 through the adiabatic conversion taper 51. It is then transmitted through another adiabatic taper 5-2, where the light beam within the single-mode optical fiber 1 is coupled to the individual channels within the 32-core fiber 2.
[0034] The end face structure of the quartz sleeve 3 is shown in FIG. 3, which includes a middle hole 3-1, an inner wall layer of fluorine-doped low-refractive index quartz layer 3-2, and an outer layer 3-3 of pure quartz. The quartz sleeve has a slightly larger middle hole diameter than the multi-core optical fiber, allowing the multi-core optical fiber to be easily inserted into the hole.
[0035] The 19-core fiber and 32-core fiber optical fiber coupler is prepared as follows.
[0036] Step 1: Take a section of the 19-core fiber 1, remove 10-15 cm of the coating layer and insert into the quartz sleeve 3.
[0037] Step 2: The inserted 19-core fiber 1, together with the quartz sleeve 3, is tapered at a temperature of not less than 1700 degrees Celsius with a hydroxide flame, causing the taper waist diameter of the quartz sleeve to be thinned to 125 micrometers, forming an adiabatic taper 5-1. In the taper, the core of the 19-core fiber is thinned to less than 1 micrometer and its ability to bind the optical field almost disappears, and can be ignored, the transmitted optical field will leak into the cladding of the 19-core fiber. The changes in the cross-section of the quartz sleeve 3 and the 19-core fiber 1 inside the sleeve before and after tapering are shown in FIG. 4. The
2020100755 15 May 2020 whole 19-core fiber 1 is thinned to form a new core 6-1, the low-refractive index isolation layer 3-2 of the quartz sleeve is thinned to form a new cladding 6-2, and the outer layer 3-3 of the quartz sleeve becomes the quartz outer layer 6-3. The parameters in the figure are shown in Table 1.
[0038] Step 3: Cut at the taper waist to obtain a flat end face and fuse it to the single-mode optical fiber 4.
[0039] Step 4: Online regulation of the splitting ratio of each core of the 19-core fiber. As shown in FIG. 5, the two ends of the device are fixed with clamps 7-1/7-2, the free end of the singlemode optical fiber 4 is connected with an optical source 8, and the 19-core fiber 1 is connected to the 19-core fiber optical fiber coupler 9, each core channel is connected with different power meter 10 for power monitoring. In the adiabatic taper formed by tapering the quartz sleeve, using 1500-1600 degrees Celsius hydroxide flame 11 to heat, so that the internal dopant substances can occur thermal diffusion, thus modulating its refractive index distribution, to achieve the objective of modulating the coupling power ratio of each fiber core in the 19-core fiber. When the optical power ratio of each channel on the power meter 10 reaches the requirement, stop the thermal diffusion.
[0040] Step 5: Prepare a coupler for the 32-core fiber as described above, coupling the 32-core fiber to a single-mode optical fiber.
[0041] Step 6: The single-mode optical fiber ends of the two couplers prepared in steps 4 and 5 are welded to obtain an optical fiber coupler based on a 19-core fiber and a 32-core fiber as shown in FIG. 2.
Table 1
Before tapering (FIG. 4 (a)) After tapering (FIG. 4 (b))
ίο
2020100755 15 May 2020
19-core /32-core fiber diameter doi/ micrometer Quartz sleeve hole diameter doi/ micrometer Quartz sleeve lowrefractive index isolation layer dtfy micrometer Quartz sleeve diameter dos/ micrometer New fiber core diameter du/ micrometer New cladding diameter dn/ micrometer Outer layer diameter dis/ micrometer
200 200-202 1000 2500 10 50 125
[0042] Embodiment 2:
[0043] This embodiment differs from Embodiment 1 in two respects:
[0044] 1. The quartz sleeve used is different. The quartz sleeve 12 used in this embodiment is shown in FIG. 6. In addition to the middle hole 12-1, it has three layer structures, which are the outer layer 12-4 of pure quartz, the inner wall layer 12-2 of pure quartz, and the annular lowrefractive index isolation layer 12-3 sandwiched between the outer layer and inner wall layer. The cross-section of the 19-core fiber 1 inserted into this quartz sleeve before and after tapering is shown in FIG. 7. Among them, the 19-core fiber 1 and the pure quartz inner wall layer 12-2 together form a new core 13-1 after tapering, the annular low-refractive index isolation layer 123 forms a new cladding 13-2, and the outer layer 12-4 of pure quartz changes into an outer layer 13-3. Compared to the Embodiment 1, this design is to adjust the ratio before and after tapering, so that the core of the fiber 19-core fiber 1 becomes thinner after tapering and has less influences on the output optical field, thus improving the coupling efficiency between the optical field output by the adiabatic taper and the single-mode optical fiber.
[0045] 2. The methods used to online regulate the splitting ratio of each fiber core of a 19-core
2020100755 15 May 2020 fiber are different. This embodiment uses coaxial torsion to modulate the refractive index distribution in the adiabatic taper to achieve a splitting ratio for each fiber core. As shown in FIG. 8, the two ends of the device are fixed with clamps 7-1/7-2, the free end of the single-mode optical fiber 4 is connected with an optical source 8, and the 19-core fiber 1 is connected to the 19-core fiber optical fiber coupler 9, each core channel is connected with different power meter 10 for power monitoring. In the adiabatic taper formed by tapering the quartz sleeve, arc 14 is used to heat and fix one end of the device, and the other end is coaxially twisted, so that the gradual thinning of the internal core produces a gradual spiral structure, thus modulating its refractive index distribution to achieve the objective of modulating the coupling power ratio of each fiber core. When the optical power ratio of each channel on the power meter 10 reaches the requirements, stop the heating torsion.
[0046] Embodiment 3:
[0047] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 2 is the difference in the quartz sleeve used. The quartz sleeve 15 used in this embodiment is shown in FIG. 9. The isolation layer here is a low-refractive index isolation layer 15-3 formed by a number of circularly evenly distributed microholes. As shown in FIG. 10, a new core 16-1 is formed in the inner layer part of the circular microholes of the quartz sleeve 15 before and after tapering, and the microholes act as an optic-limiting cladding 16-2.
[0048] Exemplary embodiments of the invention have been disclosed in the specification and drawings. The invention is not limited to these exemplary embodiments. Specific terms are used only in a generic and illustrative sense and are not intended to limit the protected scope of the invention.

Claims (5)

1. A multi-core optical fiber MxN type optical fiber coupler device. It consists of a singlemode optical fiber, an M-core multi-core optical fiber, anN-core multi-core optical fiber and two adiabatic tapers that connect the two ends of the single-mode optical fiber and two multi-core optical fibers respectively.
In the composition, the adiabatic taper is formed by inserting a multi-core optical fiber into a quartz sleeve having a low-refractive index isolation layer and tapering at a high temperature. In this taper, the low-refractive index isolation layer of the quartz sleeve is thinned to form a new cladding; the interior of the low-refractive index isolation layer and the multi-core optical fiber are thinned to form a new core. The outer diameter of the sleeve is reduced to the same diameter as the single-mode optical fiber at the taper waist, cut at the taper waist and welded to the singlemode optical fiber. The optical energy transmitted in any core channels of the M-core multi-core optical fiber is efficiently coupled into the single-mode optical fiber through an adiabatic taper. The light beam within the single-mode optical fiber is then coupled to the individual channels of the N-core multi-core optical fiber through another adiabatic taper.
2. As claimed in claim 1, a multi-core optical fiber MxN type optical fiber coupler, its characteristic is: the number of cores of the two multi-core optical fibers is Μ, N, M^2, N^2 respectively.
3. As claimed in claim 1, a multi-core optical fiber MxN type optical fiber coupler, its characteristics are: the quartz sleeve is a sleeve with three layer structures, the middle of which is hollow and can insert the multi-core optical fiber; the three layer structures of the sleeve are an outer layer of pure quartz, an inner wall layer of pure quartz, and a low-refractive index isolation layer sandwiched between the outer layer and the inner wall layer. The low-refractive index isolation layer sandwiched between the outer layer and the inner wall layer can be a low-
2020100755 15 May 2020 refractive index isolation layer doped with fluorine, or a low-refractive index isolation layer formed by a number of circularly evenly distributed microholes.
4. As claimed in claim 1, a multi-core optical fiber ΜχΝ type optical fiber coupler, its characteristic is: the length of the adiabatic taper meets the adiabatic conversion conditions, so that the energy within the multi-core optical fiber core when transmitting in the taper meets the adiabatic conversion conditions.
5. As claimed in claim 1, a multi-core optical fiber ΜχΝ type optical fiber coupler, its characteristics are: the multi-core optical fiber ΜχΝ type optical fiber coupler can achieve the multi-core optical fiber core internal beam splitting ratio adjustment in each core by fusing and twisting the adiabatic taper. The multi-core optical fiber ΜχΝ type optical fiber coupler can also be achieved by heating the adiabatic taper to 1400-1650 degrees Celsius, to achieve the thermal diffusion of taper core doped substances, to achieve the objective of adiabatic taper refractive index modulation, and to achieve the multi-core optical fiber internal beam splitting ratio adjustment for each fiber core.
AU2020100755A 2020-05-15 2020-05-15 A multi-core optical fiber M×N type optical fiber coupler Ceased AU2020100755A4 (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114879307A (en) * 2022-05-17 2022-08-09 上海光织科技有限公司 Multi-core optical fiber bridge fiber and connection method

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114879307A (en) * 2022-05-17 2022-08-09 上海光织科技有限公司 Multi-core optical fiber bridge fiber and connection method

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