CN100555012C - The method of attachment of capillary fiber and standard fiber - Google Patents
The method of attachment of capillary fiber and standard fiber Download PDFInfo
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- CN100555012C CN100555012C CNB2008101369130A CN200810136913A CN100555012C CN 100555012 C CN100555012 C CN 100555012C CN B2008101369130 A CNB2008101369130 A CN B2008101369130A CN 200810136913 A CN200810136913 A CN 200810136913A CN 100555012 C CN100555012 C CN 100555012C
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Abstract
The present invention is to provide the method for attachment of a kind of capillary fiber and standard fiber.The overlay of capillary fiber and a standard single mode or a multimode optical fiber end is separately peeled off; clean and cut out a smooth fiber end face; again by optical fiber bonding machine fusion weld; in the distance of solder joint deflection standard single mode or multimode optical fiber is that the δ place preheats Δ t (the δ span is 0.1～3.5mm second; Δ t span is 3-12 second); implement fused biconical taper then; the luminous energy that forms a taper is distributed the district; when implementing the fused biconical taper process; carry out optical power monitoring at capillary fiber one end; when the drawing-down of cone waist stops to draw awl when the optical power monitoring value reaches maximum; form the cone coupled zone; outside the cone coupled zone, be with the protective quartz pipe, and will seal between protective quartz pipe two ends and standard fiber and the capillary fiber.The invention solves diameter is identical, the cross-sectional area proportioning the is different hollow capillary fiber and the connectivity problem of standard fiber, make easily light wave conversion efficiency height.
Description
(1) technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of method of attachment of optical fiber, the method for attachment of specifically a kind of capillary fiber and standard single-mode fiber or multimode optical fiber.
(2) background technology
The optical fiber interconnection technique is a most basic technical skill of fiber optic applications field.The connection of optical fiber is meant two fiber end faces is combined.To the basic demand that connects is to make luminous energy be coupled to carry out the transition to from input optical fibre to greatest extent to receive in the optical fiber.Little to the optical fiber interconnection technique except requiring junction loss, return loss greatly outside, when also requiring variation of ambient temperature property retention stable, and enough physical strengths are arranged.Therefore need accurate machinery and optical design and process and assemble, reach the high precision coupling to guarantee two optical fiber end.
The main mode that optical fiber connects has following three kinds:
1. fixedly connected.Be mainly used in the permanent connection between optical fiber in the lightguide cable link, adopt welding more, the bonding and mechanical connection of employing is also arranged.Characteristics are that splicing loss is little, and physical strength is higher.Fixedly connected requirement is had following several respects: junction loss is little, and consistance is better; Junction loss stability will be got well, the generation of the added losses that do not have in the general temperature range; Has enough physical strengths and serviceable life; Operation should be easy as far as possible, is easy to construction operation; The joint volume is little, is easy to place and protection; Expense is low, and material is easy to processing.
2. flexibly connect.Be mainly used in optical fiber and transmission system equipment and with being connected of instrument cubicle, mainly be to connect by light attachment plug.Characteristics are that joint is better flexibly, and the transposing tie point is convenient, and loss and reflection are more greatly the deficiencies of this connected mode.Its requirement is mainly contained following several respects: junction loss is little, and the single-mode fiber loss is less than 0.5dB; Better repeatability and interchangeability should be arranged.Repeatedly behind plug and the fabricated parts, still have consistance preferably; Have stability preferably, it is stable that loss is inserted in the fastening back of web member, is not acted upon by temperature changes; Volume is little, and it is light that weight is wanted; Certain intensity is arranged.
3. interim the connection.Measure being of coupled connections between tail optical fiber and tested optical fiber, generally adopt the method to connect.Characteristics are convenient, flexible, and cost is low, and are less demanding to loss, and these modes that adopt connect more during interim measurement.Require loss low as much as possible, when being connected with kapillary, must adding proportioning liquid, otherwise can't eliminate Fresnel reflection with the V-type groove.
After optical fiber connects, light will produce certain loss through joint area, be called optical fiber and connect loss, i.e. splicing loss.The main cause that the optical fiber junction loss produces has (1) intrinsic factor: the single-mode fiber that connection is had the greatest impact is a mode field diameter.When mode field diameter mismatch 20%, with the loss that produces more than the 0.2dB.Use the less optical fiber of mode field diameter as far as possible, have great importance reducing connecting loss.(2) extraneous factor: the principal element that outer bound pair single-mode fiber connecting loss produces is axle center dislocation and axioversion.For mechanical connection also have vertically divide to the factors such as fibre core distortion of welding.For standard single-mode fiber, when the axle center dislocation reached 1.2 μ m, the loss that causes can reach 0.5dB, improved to connect locating accuracy, can effectively control the influence of axle center dislocation.When axioversion reaches 1 °, will cause the loss of 0.2dB.Select high-quality fiber cut cutter for use, can improve the loss that axioversion causes.The fibre core distortion also is one of major reason that causes loss.Be provided with when reasonable when the electric current of automatic welder, push-in stroke, discharge current, time etc., the waste that the fibre core distortion causes can be accomplished below the 0.02dB.
When optical fiber is carried out permanent connection, be used at present the method that automatic welder carries out welding, publication number is to have provided a kind of fused fiber splice binding machine and fused fiber splice method of attachment in the Chinese invention patent file of CN1399150 more.When being polarization maintaining optical fibre for the optical fiber that will connect, publication number is in the Chinese invention patent file of CN1177403, discloses fused fiber splice equipment and method of attachment that a kind of optical fiber can rotate between two electrodes.When the luminous power of incident optical is big, the negative interaction that causes in order to reduce from single-mode fiber outgoing high power signals, publication number be disclose in the Chinese invention patent file of CN1438503 a kind of with single-mode fiber axially not having with second that uniform glass optical fiber is welded together the method that is connected on the optics that fibre core do not have luminous power yet, can reduce the negative effect that luminous power is brought signal.For the situation that optical fiber need be connected with optical waveguide, publication number is to have provided a kind of method with the interface between laser beam irradiation optical fiber and the waveguide in the Chinese invention patent file of CN1295676 to make produce fusion splice between waveguide and optical fiber.
The technology of continuing is very crucial technology.Simplify the technology that continues, improve connecting quality, will play positive facilitation enlarging the fiber optic applications field.Formerly the majority that technology solved is the connectivity problem between the standard fiber, as shown in Figure 1.Identical in order to solve two diameters, light wave conversion and the problem that is connected in the different optical fiber of fibre core number, publication number is the method that has provided a kind of single-core fiber and multicore optical fiber coupler and fused biconical taper coupling thereof in the Chinese invention patent file of CN1967302A, in this technology, though two optical fiber fibre cores are counted difference, all be solid optical fiber.And for the capillary hollow optical fiber that novel fiber cores is the disc waveguide structure, because the optical fiber of required connection has: the area proportioning difference in (1) optical fiber cross section; (2) therefore different these two the main difference of the geometric configuration of optical waveguide face many difficulties in connection procedure.How overcoming the deficiency of technology formerly, realize itself and being connected of standard single mode or multimode optical fiber, will be the technical matters that quasi-solution of the present invention is determined.
(3) summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of simple and practically, can realize capillary fiber and the capillary fiber that is connected of standard single mode or multimode optical fiber and the method for attachment of standard fiber.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
A smooth fiber end face is peeled off, cleans and cut out to the overlay of capillary fiber and a standard single mode or a multimode optical fiber end separately, again by optical fiber bonding machine fusion weld, be that the δ place preheats Δ t (span of δ is 0.1～3.5mm second in a bit of distance of solder joint deflection standard single mode or multimode optical fiber; Δ t span is 3～12 seconds); implement fused biconical taper then; the luminous energy that forms a taper is distributed the district; when implementing the fused biconical taper process; carry out optical power monitoring at capillary fiber one end; when the drawing-down of cone waist stops to draw taper to become the cone coupled zone when the optical power monitoring value reaches maximum, outside the cone coupled zone, be with the protective quartz pipe, and will seal between protective quartz pipe two ends and standard fiber and the capillary fiber.
The present invention can also comprise some features like this:
1, described capillary fiber is the hollow silica fibre with annular fibre core waveguiding structure, and its annular fibre core waveguiding structure is positioned at any position in the middle of inwall capillaceous or the wall, and the cross-sectional area of capillary fiber and standard single mode or multimode optical fiber is than γ＜1.
2, described standard single mode or multimode optical fiber are single core single-mode fiber or multimode optical fiber.
3, described being sealed at protective quartz pipe two ends CO
2Laser instrument adds thermal weld.
4, described being sealed at protective quartz pipe two ends solidified with epoxy encapsulation.
Usually for the identical optical fiber of two root architectures, its connection can be adopted the method for fused fiber splice, and it is smooth to the steps include: at first the coat of two optical fiber end to be peeled off, clean the back cutting.Place the V-shaped groove of optical fiber splicer to aim at two optical fiber end then.At last, heat two optical fiber ends, link into an integrated entity after making its two ends fusion, as shown in Figure 1 by the point discharge of two electrodes.
For of the present invention and capillary fiber and standard fiber for, on the one hand, because the waveguiding structure difference of two kinds of optical fiber, thereby can not realize that according to common welding process it is with the function of light wave from a kind of waveguide to another kind of waveguide transitions.On the other hand, two optical fiber that diameter is identical are because wherein one is the capillary fiber of hollow, shown in Fig. 2-a and Fig. 2-b, thereby the area proportioning difference of two optical fiber, the thermal capacity difference is finished being of coupled connections of these two kinds of optical fiber so be difficult to directly to implement simple fused biconical taper.
At this problem, the present invention adopts three steps to finish being connected and coupling of this solid core fibres that two kinds of diameters are identical, the cross-sectional area proportioning is different and hollow capillary fiber.The first step adopts the way that fuses, and earlier two kinds of optical fiber is welded, as shown in Figure 3.In second step, two optical fiber that welding is good place and draw on the awl machine, add the hot-drawn awl, as shown in Figure 4.Consider the cross section proportioning difference of two kinds of optical fiber, therefore, if the center of heating-up temperature field is placed the pad place, then because hollow capillary fiber one side material volume and thermal capacity are all lacked than solid core fibres one side, so the capillary fiber end will at first reach softening point, causes suffered tension in both sides and stretching strain unbalanced, form the cone shape shown in Fig. 5 (a), this will cause the optical loss that connects excessive, and a little less than physical construction intensity is highly brittle, be easy to damage.Our proposition will be heated the technical scheme of the misalignment pad of warm area for this reason, as shown in Figure 6.When will heat warm area to solid core fibres one lateral deviation from a bit of suitable during apart from δ, and be preheating of Δ t implementing to draw the awl prerequisite line time that advances.Like this, because departing from of temperature field, the amount of preheating of solid core fibres end is increased, the hollow capillary fiber end amount of preheating reduces, thereby make the temperature of solid core fibres end a little more than the temperature of hollow optic fibre end, cause the two ends softening degree different, and then make the tension of two kinds of optical fiber and stretching strain reach balanced, and obtain desirable cone shown in Fig. 5 (b) effect that is of coupled connections.If thermal field center offset δ is excessive or preheat overlong time, can cause solid core fibres end temperature to be crossed and exceed soft and situation that the appearance rectification is excessive, shown in Fig. 5 (c), this can strengthen junction loss too, therefore to offset delta with preheat being selected to of time Δ t and obtain the desirable key that is of coupled connections.In order to determine offset delta and to preheat time Δ t, at first should measure the effective width l (see figure 6) of heating warm area, then according to the area of hollow optic fibre and solid core fibres than γ, according to equation l=γ (l+ δ
0) determine preliminary offset delta
0On identical heating arrangement, respectively hollow optic fibre and solid core fibres are heated then and measure tension, obtain tension curve as shown in Figure 7, the mean value Δ t of the softening point of two tension curves institute correspondence time
0Be the preliminary time of determining that preheats.Then, on this basis,, above-mentioned two parameters are carried out little adjustment and correction, promptly can obtain accurately offset delta and preheat time Δ t, obtain satisfied connection result by several times experiments.The 3rd step, install the protective quartz pipe additional in cone coupling zone of transition, and, play the effect that machinery is strengthened further with laser or epoxy sealing, finish the connection of these two kinds of different optical fiber.
A kind of capillary fiber proposed by the invention and the method for attachment of standard single-mode fiber or multimode optical fiber can overcome the deficiency of technology formerly, reach the purpose of the problem that solution proposes.The technical characterictic of this method is smooth fiber end face was peeled off, cleans and cut out to the overlay of capillary fiber and standard single mode or the multimode optical fiber end by will be separately step; again by optical fiber bonding machine fusion weld; as shown in Figure 3; then be partial to preheating of standard fiber apart from the δ place at solder joint; the time of preheating is Δ t; implement fused biconical taper then, as shown in Figure 4.Thereby the luminous energy that forms a taper is distributed the district, changes to a hollow disc waveguide district from a concentrated solid wave guide zone so that finish luminous energy, as shown in Figure 8.When implementing the fused biconical taper process; carry out optical power monitoring at capillary fiber one end; and when reaching maximum, the optical power monitoring value stops to draw awl when the drawing-down of cone waist; fuse with the cone coupled zone that forms; the protective quartz pipe is arranged outside the cone coupled zone, seal between protective quartz pipe two ends and standard single mode or multimode optical fiber and the capillary fiber.This method has realized the luminous power in standard single mode or the multimode optical fiber is transformed in the capillary loop core optical fiber with annular region, as shown in Figure 9, has reached switch transition and the purpose of connecting of light wave in two kinds of different structure optical fiber.
A kind of capillary fiber proposed by the invention and the method for attachment of standard single-mode fiber or multimode optical fiber, wherein said capillary fiber is the hollow silica fibre with annular fibre core waveguiding structure, and its annular fibre core waveguiding structure can be positioned at inwall capillaceous or be positioned at the middle any position of capillary wall.
A kind of capillary fiber proposed by the invention and the method for attachment of standard single-mode fiber or multimode optical fiber, wherein said standard single mode or multimode optical fiber are single core single-mode fiber or single core multimode optical fiber.
A kind of capillary fiber proposed by the invention and the method for attachment of standard single-mode fiber or multimode optical fiber, after wherein said two kinds of optical fiber welding, two kinds of optical fiber solder joints of heating zone centre distance place leaves spacing δ in advance, the variation range of this distance is between 0.1～3.5mm, the variation range that preheats time Δ t is 3～12 seconds, and concrete parameter depends on the concrete condition of the area proportioning of the material softening point temperature of two kinds of optical fiber and capillary fiber and standard fiber.After finishing welding and drawing awl coupling step,, reach certain mechanical strength in order to make to connect because the cone waist is thinner; thereby need install quartz socket tube additional to the cone connection; being to improve physical strength on the one hand, is to carry out packaging protection, as shown in Figure 9 on the other hand.
A kind of capillary fiber proposed by the invention and the method for attachment of standard single-mode fiber or multimode optical fiber, the wherein said dual mode that is sealed with, a kind of is at protective quartz pipe two ends CO
2Laser instrument adds thermal weld.Another kind of for to solidify with epoxy encapsulation at protective quartz pipe two ends.
Advantage of the present invention is mainly reflected in and has overcome the deficiency of technology formerly, has solved diameter is identical, the cross-sectional area proportioning the is different hollow capillary fiber and the connectivity problem of standard fiber, makes easily light wave conversion efficiency height.For directly inserting, hollow capillary fiber device provides a kind of effective method and technology in the standard single-mode fiber communication link.
(4) description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that two segment standard optical fiber adopt the fusion weld connection to implement the synoptic diagram that optical fiber connects, and wherein: 1.1 is single-core fiber, and 1.2 is point electrode.
Fig. 2-a and Fig. 2-b are two kinds of typical capillary fiber section structure synoptic diagram, and wherein Fig. 2-a is a kind of capillary fiber cross-sectional view with toroidal cores structure, and its annular leaded light sandwich layer is positioned at capillary tube inner wall.Wherein 2.3 is the capillary fiber matrix, is lower quartz of refractive index or glass; 2.4 be the disc waveguide fiber cores; 2.5 be cavity capillaceous.Fig. 2-b is the capillary fiber cross-sectional view that another kind has the toroidal cores structure, and its annular leaded light sandwich layer is positioned in the middle of the capillary wall.Wherein 2.3 is the capillary fiber matrix, is lower quartz of refractive index or glass; 2.4 be the disc waveguide fiber cores; 2.5 be cavity capillaceous.
Fig. 3 is the welding synoptic diagram of toroidal cores capillary fiber and standard single mode or multimode optical fiber.Wherein 3.1 is the standard single-core fiber, and 3.3 is the capillary fiber with toroidal cores structure, and 3.4 for being in the fiber cores of annular spread state; 3.6 be the solder joint interface of single-core fiber and ring-shaped multi-core fiber.
Fig. 4 implements the fused biconical taper synoptic diagram after the welding of toroidal cores capillary fiber and standard single mode or multimode optical fiber.Wherein 4.1 is the standard single-core fiber, and 4.3 are capillary fiber with toroidal cores structure, and 4.7 is oxyhydrogen flame, the 4.8th, compress the V-shaped groove of two optical fiber end.
Fig. 5-a-Fig. 5-c be hollow capillary fiber with the welding of standard single mode or multimode optical fiber after implement the outside drawing that is connected conical section behind the fused biconical taper, wherein Fig. 5-a is not for there being the pairing situation of side-play amount; Fig. 5-b is the moderate situation of side-play amount; Shown in Fig. 5-c is the excessive situation of side-play amount.5.9 is the solid core fibres conical section among the figure, and 5.10 is the hollow optic fibre conical section.
Fig. 6 is that the heating warm area that is symmetrically distributed and two optical fiber fuse the face side-play amount and concern synoptic diagram.Wherein δ is a side-play amount, and l is the effective length of heating zone.6.1 is standard single mode or multimode optical fiber among the figure, and 6.3 is the toroidal cores capillary fiber, and 6.11 are the heating warm area.
Fig. 7 is that two kinds of optical fiber carry out two curves that form in the fused biconical taper process separately separately.
Fig. 8 is toroidal cores capillary fiber and standard single mode or the optically-coupled connection diagram of multimode optical fiber after solder joint place process is drawn awl.Wherein 8.1 is the standard single-core fiber, and 8.3 is the capillary fiber with toroidal cores structure; 8.4 for being in the fiber cores of annular spread state; 8.12 for being drawn into two optical fiber bonding pads of bicone.
Fig. 9 be toroidal cores capillary fiber and standard single mode or multimode optical fiber after finishing direct welding and fused biconical taper, install the structural representation after the encapsulation of protection quartz socket tube additional.Wherein 9.1 is the standard single-core fiber, and 9.3 is the capillary fiber with toroidal cores structure; 9.13 for being drawn into two optical fiber bonding pads of bicone, 9.14 is the protection quartz socket tube that installs additional, Δ L is the length of cone drawing zone.
(5) embodiment
For example the present invention is done description in more detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
Embodiment (one):
The present invention is achieved in that in making implementation process and comprises following step:
1. the hollow capillary fiber shown in Fig. 2-a is peeled off the overlay of one end, cleans up then, will avoid liquid to enter in the hollow cavity of capillary fiber in the process of cleaning;
2. carefully cut out smooth capillary fiber end face;
3. standard entity single-core fiber to be connected is prepared optical fiber end by above-mentioned same step;
4. one section quartz protecting tube that will prepare is enclosed within an end of standard single-core fiber or capillary fiber;
5. two optical fiber end that will prepare are docked and are welded at optical fiber splicer, as shown in Figure 1;
6. when implementing fused biconical taper,, be 125 microns because two kinds of used fibre diameters are identical.The softening point of the softening point of hollow capillary fiber material and standard fiber material therefor is also identical, and the cross-sectional area ratio of capillary fiber and standard quartz optical fiber is 2/3, thereby in the present embodiment, the flame heat center should be near the standard solid core fibres on one side, the predeterminable range that adds between thermal center (-tre) and the solder joint is δ=1.6mm, preheated for 8 seconds earlier, standard solid core fibres and hollow capillary fiber all are heated to molten condition, because center, heating zone deflection solid core fibres one side, thereby the standard fiber one side will be slightly softer than hollow capillary fiber one end, remedied the deficiency of hollow capillary fiber sectional area less than solid standard fiber, make the viscous pulling force approximately equal at two ends, draw awl then;
7. when drawing awl, carry out optical power monitoring, when Output optical power reaches maximum, stop to draw awl at hollow capillary fiber one end;
8. quartzy capillary sleeve pipe is transferred to the cone coupled zone, then at capillary sleeve pipe two ends CO
2Laser instrument heating welded seal is perhaps used the epoxide resin package curing, carries out the secondary coating then and finishes Global Macros.
Embodiment (two):
Second embodiment of the present invention is achieved in that in making implementation process and comprises following step:
1. get the hollow capillary fiber shown in Fig. 2-b, the overlay of one end is peeled off, clean up then, in the process of cleaning, will avoid liquid to enter in the hollow cavity of capillary fiber;
2. carefully cut out smooth capillary fiber end face;
3. standard entity single-core fiber to be connected is prepared optical fiber end by above-mentioned same step;
4. one section quartz protecting tube that will prepare is enclosed within an end of standard single-core fiber or capillary fiber;
5. two optical fiber end that will prepare are docked and are welded at optical fiber splicer, as shown in Figure 1;
6. when true fused biconical taper,, be 125 microns because two kinds of used fibre diameters are identical.The softening point of the softening point of hollow capillary fiber material and standard fiber material therefor is also identical, and the cross-sectional area ratio of capillary fiber and standard quartz optical fiber is 3/5, thereby in the present embodiment, the flame heat center should be near the standard solid core fibres on one side, the predeterminable range that adds between thermal center (-tre) and the solder joint is δ=1.2mm, preheated for 6 seconds earlier, standard solid core fibres and hollow capillary fiber all are heated to molten condition, because center, heating zone deflection solid core fibres one side, thereby the standard fiber one side will be slightly softer than hollow capillary fiber one end, remedied the deficiency of hollow capillary fiber sectional area less than solid standard fiber, make the viscous pulling force approximately equal at two ends, draw awl then;
7. when drawing awl, carry out optical power monitoring, when Output optical power reaches maximum, stop to draw awl at hollow capillary fiber one end;
8. quartzy capillary sleeve pipe is transferred to the cone coupled zone, then at capillary sleeve pipe two ends CO
2Laser instrument heating welded seal is perhaps used the epoxide resin package curing, carries out the secondary coating then and finishes Global Macros.
Claims (7)
1, the method for attachment of a kind of capillary fiber and standard fiber, a smooth fiber end face is peeled off, cleans and cut out to the overlay of capillary fiber and a standard single mode or a multimode optical fiber end separately, again by optical fiber bonding machine fusion weld, it is characterized in that: the distance at solder joint deflection standard single mode or multimode optical fiber is that the δ place preheats Δ t second, and wherein: the span of δ is 0.1～3.5mm; The span of Δ t is 3～12 seconds; implement fused biconical taper then; the luminous energy that forms a taper is distributed the district; when implementing the fused biconical taper process; carry out optical power monitoring at capillary fiber one end; when the drawing-down of cone waist stops to draw taper to become the cone coupled zone when the optical power monitoring value reaches maximum, outside the cone coupled zone, be with the protective quartz pipe, and will seal between protective quartz pipe two ends and standard single mode or multimode optical fiber and the capillary fiber.
2, the method for attachment of capillary fiber according to claim 1 and standard fiber; it is characterized in that: described capillary fiber is the hollow silica fibre with annular fibre core waveguiding structure; the any position of its annular fibre core waveguiding structure between the inner and outer wall of the inwall of capillary fiber matrix or capillary fiber matrix; the external diameter of capillary fiber is identical with the external diameter of standard single mode or multimode optical fiber, and the cross-sectional area of capillary fiber and standard single mode or multimode optical fiber is than γ＜1.
3, the method for attachment of capillary fiber according to claim 1 and 2 and standard fiber is characterized in that: described standard single mode or multimode optical fiber are single core single-mode fiber or single core multimode optical fiber.
4, the method for attachment of capillary fiber according to claim 1 and 2 and standard fiber is characterized in that: described being sealed at protective quartz pipe two ends CO
2Laser instrument adds thermal weld.
5, the method for attachment of capillary fiber according to claim 3 and standard fiber is characterized in that: described being sealed at protective quartz pipe two ends CO
2Laser instrument adds thermal weld.
6, the method for attachment of capillary fiber according to claim 1 and 2 and standard fiber is characterized in that: described being sealed at protective quartz pipe two ends solidified with epoxy encapsulation.
7, the method for attachment of capillary fiber according to claim 3 and standard fiber is characterized in that: described being sealed at protective quartz pipe two ends solidified with epoxy encapsulation.
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