CN111025477A - Single-mode fiber and capillary fiber coupler and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Single-mode fiber and capillary fiber coupler and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111025477A CN111025477A CN201911138862.XA CN201911138862A CN111025477A CN 111025477 A CN111025477 A CN 111025477A CN 201911138862 A CN201911138862 A CN 201911138862A CN 111025477 A CN111025477 A CN 111025477A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/255—Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding
- G02B6/2551—Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding using thermal methods, e.g. fusion welding by arc discharge, laser beam, plasma torch
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/255—Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding
- G02B6/2552—Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding reshaping or reforming of light guides for coupling using thermal heating, e.g. tapering, forming of a lens on light guide ends
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/255—Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding
- G02B6/2555—Alignment or adjustment devices for aligning prior to splicing
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Abstract
The invention provides a single-mode fiber and capillary fiber coupler and a preparation method thereof. The method is characterized in that: the fiber comprises a single-mode fiber, a capillary fiber and a heat insulation cone between the single-mode fiber and the capillary fiber. In the composition, the heat insulation cone is formed by drawing the capillary optical fiber embedded in the quartz capillary sleeve at a high temperature, and light transmitted in the core of the capillary optical fiber can be transmitted into the single-mode optical fiber through the heat insulation cone, so that high-efficiency matched coupling with the single-mode optical fiber can be realized. The invention can be used for optical path coupling connection between a capillary optical fiber and a single-mode optical fiber, and can be widely applied to the fields of micro-nano photonic devices and optical fiber sensing.
Description
(I) technical field
The invention relates to a single-mode fiber and capillary fiber coupler, which can be used for optical path coupling connection of capillary fibers and belongs to the technical field of optical fiber devices.
(II) background of the invention
With the development of optical fiber technology and the development of optical fiber communication and sensor industry, optical fiber devices have become one of the most important optoelectronic devices. The optical fiber coupler is an element for realizing optical signal splitting or combining and prolonging an optical fiber link, belongs to the field of optical passive elements, and can be applied to telecommunication networks, cable television networks, subscriber loop systems and regional networks. An optical fiber sensor is a sensor that converts the state of an object to be measured into a measurable optical signal. The optical fiber sensor is developed towards the directions of sensitivity, accuracy, strong adaptability, compactness and intellectualization.
Under the urgent need of the application of optical fiber sensing technology, optical fibers which are specially prepared for various sensing application fields and various special environments and are different from conventional communication in structure or preparation process are generated, and the optical fibers are collectively called special optical fibers. There are many types of special optical fibers, roughly classified into three types: the special waveguide structure optical fiber, the special material composition optical fiber, the special coating material optical fiber.
The capillary fiber as one special waveguide structure fiber has the features of common fiber, so that the basic principle and theory of fiber are also suitable for capillary fiber. Due to the hollow structure in the fiber core of the capillary optical fiber, the capillary optical fiber has a series of special properties, thereby constituting a plurality of special applications and widening the application range of the optical fiber. In 1983, Giuliani et al in the United states successfully realized the detection of ammonia concentration in air by a small vitreous capillary optical fiber with a coloring agent, and opened a way for the application of the capillary optical fiber in the field of sensing measurement. As a special optical fiber, the capillary optical fiber has smaller diameter and obviously enhanced flexibility compared with the common capillary. Compared with the traditional optical fiber structure, due to the air hole in the middle and the special waveguide structure, substances in the hollow hole in the optical fiber can naturally interact with an evanescent wave field leaked out from a waveguide layer of the capillary optical fiber, and the characteristics show the importance of the capillary optical fiber in the sensing field.
The patent publication No. CN101339275A proposes a simple and practical method for connecting a capillary optical fiber and a standard single-mode or multi-mode optical fiber, which is performed by melting, tapering, and sleeving a capillary tube for sealing. The invention solves the problem of connection between the hollow capillary optical fiber with the same diameter and different cross-sectional area ratios and the standard optical fiber, but does not solve the problem of coupling between the capillary optical fiber and the single-mode optical fiber.
In patent publication No. CN105785511B, a single-mode fiber subjected to corrosion treatment is inserted into a glass sleeve, tapered by oxyhydrogen flame, cut and polished, and then fused with a multi-core fiber to prepare a multi-core fiber coupler. The disadvantages of this coupler preparation method are: the single-mode optical fiber is corroded, and the operation difficulty is high.
A multi-core fiber coupler and a method for manufacturing the same are proposed in the patent publication No. CN 129239845A. This patent proposes a multicore fiber coupler based on a low melting point ferrule, but it has at least several disadvantages: (1) the tapered region after tapering has a very thin diameter, so that the device is extremely fragile; (2) the two optical fibers have different melting points, so that the temperature is difficult to control in the tapering process, thereby influencing the coupling effect; (3) the light field coupling of the cone region is greatly influenced by the external air environment. In the technology, two optical fibers are solid optical fibers, the capillary optical fiber adopted by the invention is a hollow inner wall annular core optical fiber, and due to the air hole structure, a plurality of difficulties are encountered in the tapering process, and the technical problem to be solved by the invention is how to overcome the defects of the prior art and realize the coupling of the capillary optical fiber and the single-mode optical fiber.
Disclosure of the invention
The invention aims to provide a single-mode fiber and capillary fiber coupler and a preparation method thereof.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
a single mode fiber and capillary fiber coupler and a method for making the same. The method is characterized in that: the fiber comprises a single-mode fiber, a capillary fiber and a heat insulation cone between the single-mode fiber and the capillary fiber. In the composition, the heat insulation cone is formed by drawing a capillary optical fiber embedded in a quartz capillary sleeve at a high temperature, the wall of the quartz capillary sleeve becomes thin to form a new cladding, and the outer diameter of the quartz capillary sleeve becomes thin to be the same as the diameter of a single-mode optical fiber. Light transmitted in the capillary optical fiber core can be transmitted into the single-mode optical fiber through the insulating cone, and high-efficiency matched coupling with the single-mode optical fiber can be realized.
The capillary fiber comprises a middle air hole, an inner wall annular fiber core waveguide and a cladding, and is a hollow inner wall annular fiber core, an annular fiber core waveguide layer of the fiber surrounds the middle air hole, and light energy is mainly transmitted in the annular fiber core waveguide layer with higher refractive index.
The middle hollow part of the quartz capillary sleeve can be inserted with the capillary optical fiber, and the refractive index of the quartz capillary sleeve is lower than that of the cladding of the capillary optical fiber.
The heat insulation cone meets the heat insulation conversion condition, the energy in the capillary optical fiber core meets the heat insulation conversion in cone transmission, and after the hollow hole collapses in the tapering process, a conduction light path easy for the capillary optical fiber and the single-mode optical fiber is formed.
A single mode fiber and capillary fiber coupler and its preparation method, its preparation method is as follows:
step 1: removing the coating layer of the capillary optical fiber and inserting the capillary optical fiber into a proper quartz capillary sleeve;
step 2: the capillary optical fiber is fixed by using an optical fiber clamping and stretching device, meanwhile, the quartz capillary sleeve and the capillary optical fiber of the nested capillary optical fiber are subjected to equal-proportion thermal insulation tapering by using oxyhydrogen flame, and the length of a coupling area is adjusted by stretching distance. After high-temperature melting tapering, the quartz capillary sleeve becomes thin, the diameter of the conical waist is reduced to be equal to that of the single-mode optical fiber, the diameter of the capillary optical fiber inside is reduced to 8-10 microns, and the capillary optical fiber is matched with the fiber core of the single-mode optical fiber;
and step 3: measuring the tapered area by using a diameter measuring instrument, observing the diameter change of the tapered area, and cutting the tapered area in the uniform tapered area by using an optical fiber cutting knife to obtain a required heat insulation cone;
and 4, step 4: and (4) aligning and welding the cone obtained by cutting in the step (3) with the single-mode optical fiber. And respectively connecting an optical power meter and a light source with one end of the capillary optical fiber and one end of the adiabatic cone, judging the loss of the capillary optical fiber and the adiabatic cone, if the loss of the formed adiabatic cone meets the required condition, welding the single-mode optical fiber by using an optical fiber welding machine, and finally packaging the coupler to form the single-mode optical fiber and capillary optical fiber coupler.
Compared with the prior art, the single-mode fiber and capillary fiber coupler provided by the invention has at least the following remarkable advantages:
(1) the diameter of the whole coupler is not less than that of the single-mode fiber, so that the strength of the device is improved, and the stability and reliability of the device are improved.
(2) The coupler provided by the invention can realize reversible light path, namely, light beams can be efficiently coupled into the capillary optical fiber from the single-mode optical fiber, and the light beams of the capillary optical fiber can also be efficiently coupled back to the single-mode optical fiber for reverse transmission, so that the coupler has important value in the application of utilizing reflected light of the capillary optical fiber to detect and sense.
(3) The device is slightly influenced by factors such as external environment refractive index, temperature and the like, and has good stability.
(IV) description of the drawings
FIG. 1(a) is an end view and refractive index profile of a single mode optical fiber; (b) is the inner wall waveguide ring core capillary fiber and refractive index distribution.
FIG. 2(a) is an end view and a refractive index distribution diagram of a quartz capillary tube used in the present invention, and (b) is an end view and a refractive index distribution diagram of a capillary fiber inserted into the quartz capillary tube.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a capillary fiber coupler.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method of making a capillary fiber optic coupler.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a capillary fiber coupler prepared by inserting a tapered coreless fiber into a hollow hole of a capillary fiber.
(V) detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1: the principle, structure and preparation method of the invention are illustrated by taking a capillary fiber coupler as an example.
Single mode fiber (a), capillary fiber (b) shown in fig. 1. The capillary optical fiber 1 is a hollow inner wall annular core optical fiber and comprises three areas with different refractive indexes, a quartz outer layer structure 1-1 with a low refractive index, an annular fiber core waveguide 1-2 and an air hole structure 1-3 with a refractive index of 1.
The refractive index profile of the quartz capillary sleeve 2 is shown in fig. 2(a), the hollow core 2-2 in the middle of the quartz capillary sleeve 2 can be inserted into the capillary fiber 1, and the tube wall 2-1 is made of fluorine-doped quartz material with low refractive index, which is lower than the cladding refractive index of the capillary fiber 1. FIG. 2(b) is a structure of a capillary fiber 1 inserted into a quartz capillary sleeve 2 and its refractive index profile, in which the capillary fiber 1 is reduced in diameter from 125 μm to 8-10 μm after tapering. According to the refractive index distribution, the diameter of the tube wall 2-1 of the quartz capillary sleeve 2 is also reduced, and the quartz capillary sleeve and the thinned capillary optical fiber 1 form a new fiber core-cladding structure, so that energy can be bound in a new fiber core for transmission.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a capillary fiber coupler, which includes a capillary fiber 1, a single-mode fiber 3, and an adiabatic taper 4 between the two fibers, where 4-1 is a cross-sectional view of the capillary fiber 1 inserted into a quartz capillary sleeve 2, and 4-2 is a cross-sectional view of the tapered capillary fiber coupler. The adiabatic cone 4 is formed by inserting the capillary optical fiber 1 into a section of quartz capillary sleeve 2 and then drawing and cutting the cone. The geometrical parameters of the quartz capillary sleeve 2 here need to satisfy the following conditions: (1) the diameter of the middle hole of the quartz capillary sleeve 2 is slightly larger than the size of the capillary optical fiber 1; (2) after fused tapering, the diameter of the capillary fiber 1 in the quartz capillary sleeve 2 is reduced to be the same as the fiber core of the single-mode fiber 3; (3) after fusion tapering, the outer diameter of the quartz capillary sleeve 2 is reduced to be the same as the diameter of the single-mode fiber 3, so that the heat insulation cone area 4 can be conveniently matched and welded with the single-mode fiber 3.
In the above-mentioned taper structure, as long as the change of the taper region is slow, i.e. the transition region 4 is long enough, the light beam in the capillary fiber 1 can be adiabatically transited from the core of the capillary fiber 1 to the new "core-cladding" for transmission, thereby matching with the mode field of the single-mode fiber 3.
A flow chart of a method for manufacturing a single-mode fiber and capillary fiber coupler is shown in fig. 4, and the method includes:
step 1: removing the coating layer of the capillary optical fiber 1 and inserting the capillary optical fiber into a proper quartz capillary sleeve 2;
step 2: the capillary optical fiber 1 is fixed by using an optical fiber clamping and stretching device, meanwhile, the quartz capillary sleeve 2 and the capillary optical fiber 1 of the nested capillary optical fiber 1 are subjected to equal-proportion adiabatic tapering by using oxyhydrogen flame 5, and the length of the coupling region 4 is adjusted by stretching distance. After high-temperature melting tapering, the quartz capillary sleeve 2 becomes thin, the diameter of the cone waist 4 is reduced to be equal to that of the single-mode optical fiber 3, the diameter of the capillary optical fiber 1 inside is reduced to 8-10 microns, and the capillary optical fiber is matched with the fiber core of the single-mode optical fiber 3;
and step 3: measuring the tapered area 4 by using a diameter measuring instrument, observing the diameter change of the tapered area, and cutting the tapered area in the uniform tapered area by using an optical fiber cutting knife 6 to obtain the required heat insulation taper 4;
and 4, step 4: and (4) aligning and welding the cone 4 obtained by cutting in the step (3) with the single-mode optical fiber 3. And respectively connecting an optical power meter and a light source with one end of the capillary optical fiber 1 and one end of the adiabatic cone 4, judging the loss of the capillary optical fiber 1 and the adiabatic cone 4, if the loss of the formed adiabatic cone 4 meets the required condition, welding the single-mode optical fiber 3 by using an optical fiber welding machine 7, and finally packaging the coupler.
Example 2: the present invention will be described with reference to a capillary optical fiber coupler prepared by inserting a tapered coreless optical fiber into a hollow hole of a capillary optical fiber.
As shown in FIG. 5, a coreless fiber 8 is tapered to a suitable size and then inserted into the hollow hole of the capillary fiber 1, and since the refractive index of the coreless fiber 8 used in the present invention is the same as the refractive index of the cladding of the capillary fiber 1, it is equivalent to a ring-core fiber. The resulting new structure is inserted into a suitably sized quartz capillary sleeve 2 and tapered to form an adiabatic taper 9 between the single mode fiber 3 and the newly constructed capillary fiber 1. In the composition, the heat insulation cone 9 is formed by drawing a cone at high temperature, the tube wall of the quartz capillary sleeve 2 is thinned to form a new cladding, the outer diameter of the quartz capillary sleeve 2 is thinned to be the same as the diameter of the single-mode fiber 3, and the diameter of the capillary fiber 1 with the new structure is thinned to form a new fiber core with the diameter of 8-10 microns. The light transmitted in the fiber core of the capillary optical fiber 1 with the novel structure can be transmitted into the single-mode optical fiber through the heat insulation cone 9, and the high-efficiency matching coupling with the single-mode optical fiber 3 can be realized.
Claims (5)
1. A single mode fiber and capillary fiber coupler and a method for making the same. The method is characterized in that: the fiber comprises a single-mode fiber, a capillary fiber and a heat insulation cone between the single-mode fiber and the capillary fiber. In the composition, the heat insulation cone is formed by drawing a capillary optical fiber embedded in a quartz capillary sleeve at a high temperature, the wall of the quartz capillary sleeve becomes thin to form a new cladding, and the outer diameter of the quartz capillary sleeve becomes thin to be the same as the diameter of a single-mode optical fiber. Light transmitted in the capillary optical fiber core can be transmitted into the single-mode optical fiber through the insulating cone, and high-efficiency matched coupling with the single-mode optical fiber can be realized.
2. A single mode fibre to capillary fibre coupler as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the capillary fiber comprises a middle air hole, an inner wall annular fiber core waveguide and a cladding, and is a hollow inner wall annular fiber core, an annular fiber core waveguide layer of the fiber surrounds the middle air hole, and light energy is mainly transmitted in the annular fiber core waveguide layer with higher refractive index.
3. A single mode fibre to capillary fibre coupler as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the middle hollow part of the quartz capillary sleeve can be inserted with the capillary optical fiber, and the refractive index of the quartz capillary sleeve is lower than that of the cladding of the capillary optical fiber.
4. A single mode fibre to capillary fibre coupler as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the adiabatic taper satisfies adiabatic transition conditions, and the energy in the capillary fiber core satisfies adiabatic transition in taper transmission.
5. A single mode fiber and capillary fiber coupler and its preparation method, its preparation method is as follows:
step 1: removing the coating layer of the capillary optical fiber and inserting the capillary optical fiber into a proper quartz capillary sleeve;
step 2: the capillary optical fiber is fixed by using an optical fiber clamping and stretching device, meanwhile, the quartz capillary sleeve and the capillary optical fiber of the nested capillary optical fiber are subjected to equal-proportion heat insulation tapering by using a tapering system, and the length of a coupling area is adjusted by stretching distance. After high-temperature melting tapering, the quartz capillary sleeve becomes thin, the diameter of the conical waist is reduced to be equal to that of the single-mode optical fiber, and the diameter of the capillary optical fiber inside is reduced to be matched with the fiber core of the single-mode optical fiber;
and step 3: measuring the tapered area by using a diameter measuring instrument, observing the diameter change of the tapered area, and cutting the tapered area in the uniform tapered area by using an optical fiber cutting knife to obtain a required heat insulation cone;
and 4, step 4: and (4) aligning and welding the cone obtained by cutting in the step (3) with the single-mode optical fiber. And respectively connecting an optical power meter and a light source with one end of the capillary optical fiber and one end of the adiabatic cone, judging the loss of the capillary optical fiber and the adiabatic cone, if the loss of the formed adiabatic cone meets the required condition, welding the single-mode optical fiber by using an optical fiber welding machine, and finally packaging the coupler to form the single-mode optical fiber and capillary optical fiber coupler.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112002454A (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2020-11-27 | 桂林电子科技大学 | All-fiber adjustable particle stirring device |
| CN112363320A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2021-02-12 | 四川长虹电器股份有限公司 | Optical fiber vortex optical beam generator and preparation method thereof |
| CN113866882A (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2021-12-31 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Novel optical fiber mode division multiplexer and preparation method thereof |
| CN113860724A (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2021-12-31 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Preparation method of porous and multi-core combined optical fiber |
| CN114137654A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-03-04 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | Grating preparation method and grating preparation monitoring system for annular waveguide fiber |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112002454A (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2020-11-27 | 桂林电子科技大学 | All-fiber adjustable particle stirring device |
| CN112363320A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2021-02-12 | 四川长虹电器股份有限公司 | Optical fiber vortex optical beam generator and preparation method thereof |
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| CN113866882A (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2021-12-31 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Novel optical fiber mode division multiplexer and preparation method thereof |
| CN113860724A (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2021-12-31 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Preparation method of porous and multi-core combined optical fiber |
| CN113860724B (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2023-11-14 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Preparation method of porous and multi-core combined optical fiber |
| CN113866882B (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2024-06-11 | 宁波博芯光电有限责任公司 | Optical fiber mode division multiplexer and preparation method thereof |
| CN114137654A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-03-04 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | Grating preparation method and grating preparation monitoring system for annular waveguide fiber |
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Application publication date: 20200417 |