CN107608030B - Hybrid optical fiber coupler and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Hybrid optical fiber coupler and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention is suitable for the technical field of optical fibers, and provides a hybrid optical fiber coupler which comprises an imported single-mode optical fiber, a coreless optical fiber, a hollow glass tube and an exported single-mode optical fiber which are welded in sequence, wherein the imported single-mode optical fiber and the exported single-mode optical fiber comprise fiber cores and cladding layers, and the fiber cores of the imported single-mode optical fiber and the imported single-mode optical fiber are not in the same horizontal direction; the coreless optical fiber and the hollow glass tube are internally inscribed with a curve waveguide, and the fiber cores of the leading-in single-mode optical fiber and the leading-out single-mode optical fiber are connected with the curve waveguide; two sides of the hollow glass tube are respectively provided with a micro-channel, the two micro-channels and the center of the hollow glass tube form a micro-flow channel, and the micro-flow channel is used for allowing analysis liquid to enter and exit the hollow glass tube. The hybrid fiber coupler provided by the embodiment of the invention simplifies the structure of the device, and has the advantages of low price of manufacturing materials, simple structure and convenience in manufacturing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fibers, and particularly relates to a hybrid optical fiber coupler and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In the prior art, the refractive index of an analysis liquid is measured mainly by the following method:
1. filling photonic crystal fiber method: according to the natural air hole structure of the photonic crystal fiber, the analysis liquid is selectively filled in one or more air holes, and the optical signal in the fiber core of the fiber can be directionally coupled with the filled liquid waveguide. The method has the defect that the liquid waveguide filled with the analysis liquid is closed, and the dynamic measurement of the liquid in the external environment cannot be realized.
2. Drawing special optical fiber: the method designs a special structure optical fiber with an air channel, wherein the air channel is parallel to the axis of the optical fiber, and the optical fiber is filled with an analysis liquid to form a liquid waveguide which can be directionally coupled with the fiber core. The disadvantage of this method is that the optical fibers used are not commercial optical fibers, and require custom designs and are costly to manufacture.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that dynamic measurement of external environment liquid cannot be realized when refractive index measurement of analysis liquid is carried out in the prior art, and the manufacturing cost of optical fibers is high.
The invention is realized in such a way that the hybrid fiber coupler comprises an imported single mode fiber, a coreless fiber, a hollow glass tube and an exported single mode fiber which are welded in sequence, wherein the imported single mode fiber and the exported single mode fiber comprise fiber cores and cladding layers, and the fiber cores of the imported single mode fiber and the imported single mode fiber are not in the same horizontal direction;
the coreless optical fiber and the hollow glass tube are internally inscribed with a curve waveguide, and the fiber cores of the leading-in single-mode optical fiber and the leading-out single-mode optical fiber are connected with the curve waveguide;
two sides of the hollow glass tube are respectively provided with a micro-channel, the two micro-channels and the center of the hollow glass tube form a micro-flow channel, and the micro-flow channel is used for allowing analysis liquid to enter and exit the hollow glass tube.
Further, the curved waveguide includes a curved waveguide and a straight waveguide, wherein:
the curved waveguide is located within the coreless optical fiber, the linear waveguide is located within the hollow glass tube, and the linear waveguide is parallel to a central axis of the hollow glass tube.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a preparation method of the hybrid fiber coupler, which comprises the following steps:
respectively taking a coreless optical fiber, a hollow glass tube, a leading-in single mode optical fiber and a leading-out single mode optical fiber with preset lengths, welding a first end of the coreless optical fiber with the leading-in single mode optical fiber, and welding a second end of the coreless optical fiber with the first end of the hollow glass tube;
the second end of the hollow glass tube is in dislocation welding with the leading-out single-mode optical fiber;
a curve waveguide is inscribed in the coreless optical fiber and the hollow glass tube, and two ends of the curve waveguide are respectively overlapped with fiber cores of the leading-in single-mode optical fiber and the leading-out single-mode optical fiber, wherein the curve waveguide comprises a curved waveguide and a linear waveguide, the curve waveguide is positioned in the coreless optical fiber, the linear waveguide is positioned in the hollow glass tube, and the linear waveguide is parallel to the central axis of the hollow glass tube;
and processing a micro-channel on two sides of the hollow glass tube respectively, so that two micro-channels and the center of the hollow glass tube form a micro-channel, and preparing the hybrid optical fiber coupler.
Further, the respectively taking a coreless optical fiber, a hollow glass tube, a leading-in single mode optical fiber and a leading-out single mode optical fiber with preset lengths, welding the first end of the coreless optical fiber with the leading-in single mode optical fiber, and welding the second end of the coreless optical fiber with the first end of the hollow glass tube comprises:
welding one end of the led-in single-mode optical fiber and the coreless optical fiber by adopting an optical fiber welding machine, and cutting off the coreless optical fiber at a preset distance from a welding point by adopting an optical fiber cutting knife;
and welding the coreless optical fiber with one end of the hollow glass tube by adopting an optical fiber welding machine, and cutting off the hollow glass tube at a preset distance from a welding point by adopting an optical fiber cutting knife.
Further, the curved waveguide is inscribed on the coreless optical fiber and the hollow glass tube by using a femtosecond laser.
Further, a micro-channel is processed on two sides of the hollow glass tube by using femtosecond laser.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the hybrid fiber coupler provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises a leading-in single-mode fiber, a coreless fiber, a hollow glass tube and a leading-out single-mode fiber, wherein a curve waveguide is inscribed in the coreless fiber and the hollow glass tube, the fiber cores of the leading-in single-mode fiber and the leading-out single-mode fiber are connected with the curve waveguide, two sides of the hollow glass tube are respectively provided with a micro-channel, the two micro-channels and the center of the hollow glass tube form a micro-flow channel, and the micro-flow channel is used for allowing analysis liquid to enter and exit the hollow glass tube. The mixed optical fiber coupler provided by the embodiment of the invention simplifies the structure of a device, the analysis liquid enters and exits the hollow glass tube through the microfluidic channel to form the liquid waveguide coupled with the solid waveguide, the dynamic measurement of the refractive index of the analysis liquid is realized by monitoring the drift of the coupling resonance peak of the mixed waveguide, and meanwhile, the manufacturing material of the mixed optical fiber coupler provided by the embodiment of the invention has low price, simple structure and convenient manufacturing.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hybrid fiber coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an incoming single-mode fiber and an incoming single-mode fiber provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a microfluidic channel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4a to 4f are flowcharts illustrating a manufacturing process of a hybrid fiber coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of transmission spectra of an analyte solution provided by an embodiment of the present invention before and after entering a hybrid fiber coupler;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the response of a hybrid fiber coupler provided by an embodiment of the present invention to refractive index.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Fig. 1 shows a hybrid fiber coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention, which includes a lead-in single-mode fiber 101, a coreless fiber 102, a hollow glass tube 103, and a lead-out single-mode fiber 104 that are welded in order, where the lead-in single-mode fiber 101 and the lead-out single-mode fiber 104 each include a core and a cladding, and the cores of the lead-in single-mode fiber 101 and the lead-in single-mode fiber 104 are not in the same horizontal direction;
a curve waveguide is inscribed in the coreless optical fiber 102 and the hollow glass tube 103, and the fiber cores of the leading-in single-mode optical fiber 101 and the leading-out single-mode optical fiber 104 are connected with the curve waveguide; two sides of the hollow glass tube 103 are respectively provided with a micro-channel, and the two micro-channels and the center of the hollow glass tube 103 form a micro-flow channel which is used for allowing the analysis liquid to enter and exit the hollow glass tube 103.
As shown in fig. 2, each of the lead-in single-mode fiber 101 and the lead-out single-mode fiber 104 includes a core 201 and a cladding 202, and curved waveguides inscribed in the coreless fiber 102 and the hollow glass tube 103 are connected to the cores of the lead-in single-mode fiber 101 and the lead-out single-mode fiber 104, respectively, that is, the curved waveguides coincide with the cores.
As shown in fig. 3, two sides of the hollow glass tube 103 are respectively provided with a micro-channel and micro-flow channels 301 and 302, and the two micro-channels and the center 303 of the hollow glass tube form a micro-flow channel, and the micro-flow channel is used for allowing the analysis liquid to enter and exit the hollow glass tube.
The manufacturing flow of the hybrid fiber coupler provided by the embodiment of the invention is shown in fig. 4. The single mode optical fiber in fig. 4 is composed of a core and a cladding in a total reflection condition so that light can be transmitted in the core for a long distance with low loss; the femtosecond laser acts with the coreless optical fiber and the hollow glass tube to generate an optical waveguide with a local refractive index increase for transmitting light energy; two micro-channels are ablated on the side surface of the hollow glass tube by using femtosecond laser, and a U-shaped micro-flow passage is formed with the center of the hollow glass tube, so that the analysis liquid to be detected conveniently enters and exits the inside of the hollow glass tube, and a liquid waveguide is formed. The curved waveguide is used for connecting a linear waveguide led into the single-mode fiber and the hollow glass tube; the linear waveguide is used for carrying out directional coupling with a liquid waveguide formed after the hollow glass tube is filled; the linear waveguide is used to connect the curved waveguide and to guide out the single mode optical fiber. In practical application, the fiber core for leading in the single mode fiber, the fiber core for leading out the single mode fiber, the coreless fiber and the hollow glass tube are all made of quartz materials, and the purities of the quartz materials are different according to different practical requirements.
The preparation method of the hybrid fiber coupler provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following five steps:
1. the guided single mode optical fiber is fusion-spliced with one end of the coreless optical fiber by an optical fiber fusion splicer, and the coreless optical fiber is cut off at a position spaced from the fusion splice by an optical fiber cutter, as shown in fig. 4 a.
2. The coreless optical fiber is fusion spliced with one end of the hollow glass tube using an optical fiber fusion splicer, and the hollow glass tube is cut off at a distance from the fusion splice using an optical fiber cutting knife, as shown in fig. 4 b.
3. The hollow glass tube is fusion spliced with the guided single mode fiber by an optical fiber fusion splicer in a staggered manner, as shown in fig. 4 c. Specifically, the offset between the hollow glass tube and the guided single-mode fiber is related to the linear waveguide in the curved waveguide inscribed in the next step, and the purpose of the offset fusion splice is to enable the core of the guided single-mode fiber to coincide with the linear waveguide.
4. A curve waveguide is inscribed in the coreless optical fiber and the hollow glass tube by using femtosecond laser, the curve waveguide comprises a curved waveguide and a linear waveguide, wherein the curved waveguide is positioned in the coreless optical fiber, the linear waveguide is positioned in the hollow glass tube, the linear waveguide is parallel to the central axis of the hollow glass tube, the distance is H, the distance H is related to the coupling efficiency between the linear waveguide and the liquid waveguide, and two ends of the curve waveguide inscribed by the femtosecond laser are respectively overlapped with the fiber cores of the leading-in single mode optical fiber and the leading-out single mode optical fiber, as shown in fig. 4 d;
5. two micro-channels are processed on the side surface of the hollow glass tube by using femtosecond laser, so that a U-shaped micro-flow channel is formed between the micro-channels and the hollow glass tube for the analysis liquid to enter and exit the hollow glass tube, as shown in fig. 4 e;
in a specific use process, an optical signal is coupled to a inscribed curve waveguide by a leading-in single-mode fiber, and is transmitted to a fiber core leading out the single-mode fiber after passing through the curve waveguide and the linear waveguide; according to the theory of coupled mode, when the phase matching condition is satisfied, two adjacent parallel waveguides will generate directional coupling, because of the difference of dispersion curves, the liquid waveguide and the solid waveguide will only resonate within a certain wavelength range, when the optical signal is transmitted through the linear waveguide inscribed in the hollow glass tube, a part of light will be coupled to the liquid waveguide and lost in the form of cladding mode, and finally a unique resonance loss peak is generated in the spectrum derived from the fiber core output of the single-mode optical fiber. When the refractive index of the analysis liquid changes, the coupling peak drifts along with the change, the corresponding relation between the refractive index and the coupling peak is calibrated, and the dynamic measurement of the refractive index of the analysis liquid is realized, as shown in fig. 4 f.
The preparation process and use of the hybrid fiber coupler provided by the embodiments of the present invention are further described below by way of one of:
firstly, a common single-mode optical fiber, coreless optical fiber, hollow glass tube and common single-mode optical fiber interconnecting device are manufactured according to a certain size and sequence by using an optical fiber fusion splicer and an optical fiber cutting knife. Wherein the length of the coreless optical fiber is 2mm, the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the hollow glass tube are 125 mu m and 5 mu m respectively, and the offset of dislocation fusion welding of the hollow glass tube and the common single mode optical fiber is 15 mu m.
Then, a curved waveguide and a section of straight waveguide are written on the coreless optical fiber and the hollow glass tube by a femtosecond laser, the two curvature radiuses of the curved waveguide are 50mm, the straight waveguide is parallel to the axis of the hollow glass tube and is 15 mu m away from the center axis of the straight waveguide, the center axis of the straight waveguide is aligned with the center axis of a single-mode optical fiber, the numerical aperture of an immersion objective lens used for manufacturing the curved waveguide and the straight waveguide is 1.25, the output wavelength of the femtosecond laser is 532nm, the output pulse width is 250fs, the pulse repetition frequency is 200kHZ, the energy of a laser single pulse is 250nJ, the moving speed of a sample optical fiber is 200 mu m/s, and the sample optical fiber is a sample of the unwritten waveguide obtained after the single-mode optical fiber, the wireless optical fiber, the hollow glass tube and the single-mode optical fiber are led in sequence in a fusion mode. And finally, two micro-passages are ablated on the side surface of the hollow glass tube by using femtosecond laser, so that a U-shaped micro-flow channel is formed between the micro-passages and the center of the hollow glass tube, and the analysis liquid to be detected conveniently enters and exits the inside of the hollow glass tube. The spectrum of the obtained optical fiber device is shown in FIG. 5, and the solid line and the dash-dot line are the spectral curves before and after the analyte liquid enters the hollow glass tube, respectively. An analyte of refractive index 1.465876 enters the microfluidic channel to form a liquid waveguide.
As shown in fig. 5, the solid waveguide and the liquid waveguide satisfy the phase matching condition around 1550nm, and the optical signal transmitted in the solid waveguide is coupled into the liquid waveguide, so that a special loss peak is generated in the transmission spectrum. When the refractive index of the analyte to be measured increases, the spectral curve shifts in the short-wave direction, as shown in fig. 6. Therefore, the hybrid coupler provided by the embodiment of the invention can be used for measuring the refractive index of the external environment.
Compared with the prior art, the hybrid waveguide coupler with the measurable refractive index has the outstanding advantages that the structure of a device is simplified, an analysis liquid enters and exits the hollow glass tube through a microfluidic channel to form a liquid waveguide which is coupled with a solid waveguide, and dynamic measurement of the refractive index of the analysis liquid is realized by monitoring drift of a coupling resonance peak of the hybrid waveguide.
The embodiment of the invention is applied to the following fields:
(1) High sensitivity refractive index sensor: the analysis liquid can enter and exit the hollow glass tube through the micro-channel to form a liquid waveguide coupled with the solid waveguide, and the dynamic measurement of the refractive index of the analysis liquid is realized by monitoring the drift of the coupling resonance peak of the mixed waveguide;
(2) High sensitivity temperature sensor: the liquid with higher thermo-optical coefficient is filled in the hollow glass tube to form a liquid waveguide, and the ultraviolet curing glue is filled in the laser ablated micro-channel to ensure the stability of the liquid waveguide. The refractive index of the liquid waveguide can be changed along with the change of temperature, and the real-time measurement of the temperature is realized by monitoring the drift of the coupling peak;
(3) Tensile strain sensor: when the optical fiber device is longitudinally stretched, the refractive index of the liquid waveguide in the hollow glass tube is unchanged, the refractive index of the inscribed waveguide is changed due to the generation of an elasto-optical effect, and the measurement of the tensile strain is realized by monitoring the drift of the coupling peak.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The hybrid fiber coupler is characterized by comprising a leading-in single-mode fiber, a coreless fiber, a hollow glass tube and a leading-out single-mode fiber which are welded in sequence, wherein the leading-in single-mode fiber and the leading-out single-mode fiber both comprise fiber cores and cladding layers, and the fiber cores of the leading-in single-mode fiber and the leading-out single-mode fiber are not in the same horizontal direction;
the coreless optical fiber and the hollow glass tube are internally inscribed with a curve waveguide, and the fiber cores of the leading-in single-mode optical fiber and the leading-out single-mode optical fiber are connected with the curve waveguide; the curved waveguide comprises a curved waveguide and a linear waveguide, wherein the curved waveguide is positioned in the coreless optical fiber, and the linear waveguide is positioned in the hollow glass tube;
two sides of the hollow glass tube are respectively provided with a micro-channel, the two micro-channels and the center of the hollow glass tube form a U-shaped micro-flow channel, and the micro-flow channel is used for allowing analysis liquid to enter and exit the hollow glass tube.
2. The hybrid fiber coupler of claim 1, wherein said linear waveguide is parallel to a central axis of said hollow glass tube.
3. A method of making a hybrid fiber coupler, comprising:
respectively taking a coreless optical fiber, a hollow glass tube, a leading-in single mode optical fiber and a leading-out single mode optical fiber with preset lengths, welding a first end of the coreless optical fiber with the leading-in single mode optical fiber, and welding a second end of the coreless optical fiber with the first end of the hollow glass tube;
the second end of the hollow glass tube is in dislocation welding with the leading-out single-mode optical fiber;
a curve waveguide is inscribed in the coreless optical fiber and the hollow glass tube, and two ends of the curve waveguide are respectively overlapped with fiber cores of the leading-in single-mode optical fiber and the leading-out single-mode optical fiber, wherein the curve waveguide comprises a curved waveguide and a linear waveguide, the curve waveguide is positioned in the coreless optical fiber, the linear waveguide is positioned in the hollow glass tube, and the linear waveguide is parallel to the central axis of the hollow glass tube;
and processing a micro-channel on two sides of the hollow glass tube respectively, so that a U-shaped micro-channel is formed between the two micro-channels and the center of the hollow glass tube, and the hybrid optical fiber coupler is prepared.
4. The method of manufacturing according to claim 3, wherein the respectively taking a coreless optical fiber, a hollow glass tube, a lead-in single mode optical fiber and a lead-out single mode optical fiber of a preset length, welding a first end of the coreless optical fiber with the lead-in single mode optical fiber, and welding a second end of the coreless optical fiber with the first end of the hollow glass tube comprises:
welding one end of the led-in single-mode optical fiber and the coreless optical fiber by adopting an optical fiber welding machine, and cutting off the coreless optical fiber at a preset distance from a welding point by adopting an optical fiber cutting knife;
and welding the coreless optical fiber with one end of the hollow glass tube by adopting an optical fiber welding machine, and cutting off the hollow glass tube at a preset distance from a welding point by adopting an optical fiber cutting knife.
5. The method of manufacturing according to claim 3, wherein the curved waveguide is inscribed on the coreless fiber and the hollow glass tube using a femtosecond laser.
6. The method of claim 3, wherein a microchannel is machined on each side of the hollow glass tube using a femtosecond laser.
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| US11054577B1 (en) | 2017-10-31 | 2021-07-06 | Shenzhen University | Hybrid fiber coupler and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN108759883A (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2018-11-06 | 杭州光飞秒科技有限公司 | Mach-Zehnder interferometer in the optical fiber cable of straight waveguide is inscribed based on femtosecond laser |
| CN108927314B (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2020-06-30 | 哈尔滨工业大学（深圳） | Distributed optical fiber laser ultrasonic transducer based on coreless optical fiber |
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