CN111025478A - Single-mode fiber and coaxial double-waveguide fiber coupler with controllable light splitting ratio - Google Patents
Single-mode fiber and coaxial double-waveguide fiber coupler with controllable light splitting ratio Download PDFInfo
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- CN111025478A CN111025478A CN201911138881.2A CN201911138881A CN111025478A CN 111025478 A CN111025478 A CN 111025478A CN 201911138881 A CN201911138881 A CN 201911138881A CN 111025478 A CN111025478 A CN 111025478A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/255—Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding
- G02B6/2551—Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding using thermal methods, e.g. fusion welding by arc discharge, laser beam, plasma torch
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/255—Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding
- G02B6/2552—Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding reshaping or reforming of light guides for coupling using thermal heating, e.g. tapering, forming of a lens on light guide ends
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/255—Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding
- G02B6/2555—Alignment or adjustment devices for aligning prior to splicing
Abstract
The invention provides a single-mode optical fiber and coaxial double-wave optical fiber coupler with controllable light splitting ratio. The method is characterized in that: it is composed of capillary with low refractive index, single-mode optical fibre and coaxial double-wave optical fibre. In the composition, after a coating layer of the coaxial double-wave optical fiber is stripped, the coaxial double-wave optical fiber is inserted into a low-refractive-index capillary tube with a proper size, a heat insulation conversion cone area is drawn, after the coaxial double-wave optical fiber is cut at the cone waist and is welded with a single-mode optical fiber, the heat insulation cone area for modulating the splitting ratio is drawn on the coaxial double-waveguide optical fiber sleeved with the low-refractive-index capillary tube. At the cone waist of the first tapering, the low-refractive-index capillary becomes a cladding, and the coaxial double-wave light guide fiber becomes a fiber core, so that the adiabatic conversion of light is realized, and the light energy is coupled in a high-efficiency matching manner; the adiabatic taper of the second draw allows for redistribution and precise control of the dual core splitting ratio of the coaxial dual waveguide fiber. The invention can be used for preparing single mode optical fiber and coaxial double wave optical fiber couplers which need to accurately control the splitting ratio, and can be widely used in the technical field of optical fiber devices.
Description
(I) technical field
The invention relates to a single-mode fiber and coaxial double-wave light guide fiber coupler with controllable light splitting ratio, belonging to the technical field of fiber devices.
(II) background of the invention
The optical fiber coupler is a passive device for realizing continuation, branching, combining, inserting and distributing of optical signals in an optical fiber path, is widely applied to the fields of communication, sensing, measurement and the like, and plays an extremely important role. The splitting ratio is one of the main parameters of the fiber coupler. How to accurately control the splitting ratio on the premise of improving the mechanical strength of the optical fiber coupler is a technical problem which needs to be continuously researched by people.
The current preparation methods are of three types: polishing, etching and cone melting. The polishing method and the etching method are difficult to accurately control the splitting ratio and only can roughly realize optical fiber coupling. The melting cone method makes the fiber melting area become a cone transition section, thereby having the premise of accurately controlling the light splitting ratio.
For example, patent CN100456066C proposes a method for manufacturing a single-core fiber-multi-core fiber coupler, in which a single-mode fiber and a multi-core fiber are fused together, and then heated at a welding point to perform fusion tapering, so as to realize control of the splitting ratio by monitoring the optical power. However, this method has several disadvantages: (1) the stability and the reliability of the device are relatively poor due to the fact that the diameter of the tapered region after tapering is thin; (2) generally, the melting points of the single-core optical fiber and the multi-core optical fiber are different, so that the symmetry of a melting cone region is difficult to control by controlling the temperature in the tapering process, and the coupling effect and the splitting ratio are influenced; (3) the light field coupling in the tapering process is greatly influenced by the external air environment.
In another multi-core fiber coupler proposed in CN109239845B, a plurality of single-mode fibers are arranged in a relative position to the core of the multi-core fiber, fixed by a circular sleeve, tapered to make the diameter of the waist of the taper consistent with that of the cladding of the multi-core fiber, and then cut and welded. However, this method has several disadvantages: (1) in the whole process, three times of tapering are required on the similar part, so that the stability and the reliability of the device are relatively poor; (2) when in fusion splicing, each single-mode fiber and each fiber core of the multi-core fiber need to be in one-to-one correspondence, so that the process is complex; (3) the method is characterized in that the splitting ratio is controlled during the second tapering, and the single-mode fiber and the multi-core fiber are welded through the third tapering, so that the splitting ratio of a finished product is influenced by the method.
Disclosure of the invention
The invention aims to provide a coupler of a single-mode optical fiber and a coaxial double-wave optical fiber with controllable light splitting ratio.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
the double-waveguide fiber coaxial optical fiber comprises a low-refractive-index capillary tube, a single-mode fiber, a coaxial double-waveguide fiber, a heat-insulation conversion cone area between the single-mode fiber and the coaxial double-waveguide fiber, and a splitting ratio control cone area on the coaxial double-waveguide fiber. In the composition, the heat insulation conversion cone area and the light splitting ratio control cone area are formed by inserting coaxial double-wave light guide fibers into a low-refractive-index quartz capillary tube and pulling the cone down at high temperature.
The diameter of the low-refractive-index quartz capillary tube which becomes a cladding at the cone waist of the adiabatic conversion cone area is equal to that of the cladding of the single-mode optical fiber to be welded; the diameter of the coaxial double-wave light guide fiber which becomes the fiber core is equal to that of the fiber core of the single-mode fiber to be welded.
The splitting ratio control cone area is formed by drawing a heat insulation cone on a coaxial double-waveguide optical fiber of a low-refractive-index quartz capillary tube sleeved outside the coaxial double-waveguide optical fiber through high-temperature fusion, and adjusting the splitting ratio of two fiber cores in the coaxial double-waveguide optical fiber by adjusting parameters of the cone.
The refractive index of the low-refractive-index quartz capillary is lower than the cladding refractive index of the coaxial double-waveguide fiber and the single-mode fiber.
The method for welding the optical fiber by using the outer sleeve quartz capillary tube not only can be used for preparing the single-mode optical fiber and coaxial double-wave optical fiber coupler, but also can be used for welding two optical fibers with unmatched sizes under the condition of requiring mechanical strength.
A preparation method of a single-mode fiber and coaxial double-waveguide fiber coupler with controllable splitting ratio comprises the following steps:
step 1: inserting the coaxial double-wave optical fiber into a quartz capillary tube with proper size, and drawing a heat insulation cone through high-temperature fusion, so that the diameter of the quartz capillary tube with low refractive index which becomes a cladding at the cone waist is equal to the cladding diameter of the single-mode optical fiber to be welded; the diameter of the coaxial double-wave light guide fiber which becomes the fiber core is equal to the diameter of the cladding of the single-mode fiber to be welded;
step 2: selecting a proper position at the cone waist of the heat insulation conversion cone area, and vertically cutting;
and step 3: aligning and welding the cut cone with the single-mode optical fiber;
and 4, step 4: and drawing a heat insulation cone on the coaxial double-waveguide optical fiber of the outer sleeve low-refractive-index quartz capillary tube by high-temperature fusion, and adjusting the splitting ratio of the two fiber cores in the coaxial double-waveguide optical fiber by adjusting the parameters of the cone.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
(1) the preparation method of the single-mode fiber and coaxial double-wave light guide fiber coupler completes the functions of coupling and controlling the light splitting ratio step by step, and has the advantages of simple preparation process, high light splitting precision, high finished product rate of devices, stability and reliability of the devices and the like;
(2) the optical fiber is tapered and welded for the first time, so that light energy is introduced into the coaxial double-waveguide fiber which becomes the fiber core in the adiabatic conversion taper region from the fiber core of the single-mode fiber, the high coupling efficiency can be kept for forward and reverse coupling of the light, namely, light beams can be efficiently coupled into the coaxial double-waveguide fiber from the single-mode fiber, and the light beams in the coaxial double-waveguide fiber can be efficiently coupled back to the single-mode fiber, so that reverse transmission is realized;
(3) the secondary tapering completes the redistribution and the accurate control of the splitting ratio, eliminates the splitting ratio modulation caused by welding, and improves the yield of the device;
(4) in the adiabatic transition cone region, the diameter of the low-refractive-index quartz capillary tube serving as the cladding is equal to that of the cladding of the single-mode optical fiber to be welded, and the two optical fibers with the same diameter are welded structurally, so that the strength of the device can be improved, and the stability and the reliability of the device are improved.
(IV) description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic end view of a coaxial dual-waveguide optical fiber.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the refractive index profile of a coaxial twin-waveguide fiber after jacketing a low-index quartz capillary.
Fig. 3 shows steps 1 and 2 of the method for manufacturing the single-mode optical fiber and coaxial dual-wave optical fiber coupler.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a single-mode fiber and coaxial dual-wave optical fiber coupler.
(V) detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1: a method for preparing a single-mode fiber and coaxial double-wave optical fiber coupler with controllable light splitting ratio.
The physical structure of the coaxial double-waveguide fiber is shown in fig. 1, and comprises an outer cladding layer 1, a ring-shaped core 2, an inner cladding layer 3 and a central fiber core 4.
The coaxial double-wave optical fiber structure and the refractive index distribution after the low-refractive-index quartz capillary tube is sleeved are shown in figure 2 and comprise a low-refractive-index quartz capillary tube 1, a coaxial double-wave optical fiber outer cladding layer 2, a coaxial double-waveguide optical fiber ring core 3, a coaxial double-waveguide optical fiber inner cladding layer 4, a coaxial double-wave optical fiber center fiber core 5 and the refractive index distribution corresponding to the structural drawing.
The general preparation method of the invention is shown in fig. 3 and 4, and is divided into 4 steps:
step 1: selecting a coaxial double-waveguide fiber 1, cleaning after stripping a coating layer, and inserting the coaxial double-waveguide fiber into a quartz capillary tube 2 with a proper low refractive index; drawing a cone 4 in a coaxial double-wave light guide fiber area of the quartz capillary tube 2 with low refractive index by using an oxyhydrogen flame fusion tapering machine 3;
step 2: selecting a proper position in the gradual change region of the cone 4, cutting a frustum 6 by using a diamond cutting knife 5 to ensure that the diameter of the coaxial double-wave light guide fiber on the cutting surface is 8-10 micrometers, and the diameter of the quartz capillary tube sleeved on the cutting surface is 125 micrometers;
and step 3: selecting a single-mode optical fiber 7 with the optical fiber diameter of 125 micrometers and the fiber core diameter of 8-10 millimeters, cleaning after stripping a coating layer, and cutting a flat end face. Aligning the center of the single-mode optical fiber 7 with the center of the frustum 6, and welding the frustum 6 and the single-mode optical fiber 7 by using a carbon dioxide welding machine 8;
and 4, step 4: selecting a coaxial double-wave optical fiber part 9 sleeved with a low-refractive-index quartz capillary tube, then using an oxyhydrogen flame fusion tapering machine 3 to fuse and draw a heat insulation cone, and adjusting the taper and the coupling length of the cone so as to modulate the splitting ratio of two fiber cores in the coaxial double-wave optical fiber.
The schematic structural diagram of the obtained single-mode fiber and coaxial dual-waveguide fiber coupler with controllable splitting ratio is shown in fig. 5: 1 is a coaxial double waveguide fiber, 2 is a jacketed low index capillary, 3 is a splitting ratio control taper, 4 is an adiabatic transition taper, 5 is a single mode fiber, 6 and 8 are cross-sectional views of the jacketed low index capillary and the coaxial double waveguide fiber in the original size, 7 is a cross-sectional view of the splitting ratio control taper, 9 is a cross-sectional view of the waist of the adiabatic transition taper, and 10 is a cross-sectional view of the single mode fiber.
Claims (5)
1. A single mode fiber and coaxial double wave light guide fiber coupler with controllable light splitting ratio is characterized by comprising a low refractive index capillary tube, a single mode fiber and a coaxial double wave light guide fiber. In the composition, after a coating layer of the coaxial double-wave optical fiber is stripped, the coaxial double-wave optical fiber is inserted into a low-refractive-index capillary tube with a proper size, a heat insulation conversion cone area is drawn, after the coaxial double-wave optical fiber is cut at the cone waist and is welded with a single-mode optical fiber, the heat insulation cone area for modulating the splitting ratio is drawn on the coaxial double-waveguide optical fiber sleeved outside the low-refractive-index capillary tube. At the waist of the first tapering, the low refractive index capillary becomes the cladding and the coaxial dual-wave optical fiber becomes the core.
2. The coupler of claim 1, wherein: the diameter of the low-refractive-index quartz capillary tube which becomes a cladding at the cone waist of the adiabatic conversion cone area is equal to that of the cladding of the single-mode optical fiber to be welded; the diameter of the coaxial double-wave light guide fiber which becomes the fiber core is equal to that of the fiber core of the single-mode fiber to be welded.
3. The coupler of claim 1, wherein: the splitting ratio control cone area is formed by drawing a heat insulation cone on a coaxial double-waveguide optical fiber of a low-refractive-index quartz capillary tube sleeved outside the coaxial double-waveguide optical fiber through high-temperature melting, and the splitting ratio of two fiber cores in the coaxial double-waveguide optical fiber is modulated by adjusting the cone shape and the coupling length of the cone.
4. The coupler of claim 1, wherein: the refractive index of the low-refractive-index quartz capillary is lower than that of a cladding of the coaxial double-waveguide fiber.
5. A preparation method of a single-mode fiber and coaxial double-waveguide fiber coupler with controllable splitting ratio comprises the following steps:
step 1: inserting the coaxial double-wave optical fiber into a quartz capillary tube with proper size, and drawing a heat insulation cone through high-temperature fusion, so that the diameter of the quartz capillary tube with low refractive index which becomes a cladding at the cone waist is equal to the cladding diameter of the single-mode optical fiber to be welded; the diameter of the coaxial double-wave light guide fiber which becomes the fiber core is equal to that of the fiber core of the single-mode fiber to be welded;
step 2: selecting a proper position at the cone waist of the heat insulation conversion cone area, and vertically cutting;
and step 3: aligning and welding the cut cone with the single-mode optical fiber;
and 4, step 4: and drawing a heat insulation cone on the coaxial double-waveguide optical fiber of the outer sleeve low-refractive-index quartz capillary tube by high-temperature fusion, and adjusting the cone shape and the coupling length of the cone so as to modulate the splitting ratio of the two fiber cores in the coaxial double-waveguide optical fiber.
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| CN201911138881.2A CN111025478A (en) | 2019-11-20 | 2019-11-20 | Single-mode fiber and coaxial double-waveguide fiber coupler with controllable light splitting ratio |
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| CN201911138881.2A CN111025478A (en) | 2019-11-20 | 2019-11-20 | Single-mode fiber and coaxial double-waveguide fiber coupler with controllable light splitting ratio |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111796361A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-10-20 | 华中科技大学 | Preparation method and application of multi-core fiber coupler with flat broadband transmission |
Citations (6)
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| CN1353826A (en) * | 1999-03-31 | 2002-06-12 | 布里斯托尔大学 | Optical crosspoint switch using vertical coupled waveguide structure |
| US20060257083A1 (en) * | 2005-05-10 | 2006-11-16 | Rasmussen Michael H | Fiber bundles and methods of making fiber bundles |
| CN101907743A (en) * | 2010-07-02 | 2010-12-08 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Throughput type fiber optical tweezers based on coaxial dual-waveguide structure and preparation method |
| CN202305881U (en) * | 2011-11-09 | 2012-07-04 | 中国计量学院 | Multi-core fiber and coupler for a plurality of single-core fibers |
| CN109239845A (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2019-01-18 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of multicore optical fiber coupler and preparation method thereof |
| CN109581598A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-04-05 | 桂林电子科技大学 | A kind of coaxial twin-guide optical fiber connector |
-
2019
- 2019-11-20 CN CN201911138881.2A patent/CN111025478A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1353826A (en) * | 1999-03-31 | 2002-06-12 | 布里斯托尔大学 | Optical crosspoint switch using vertical coupled waveguide structure |
| US20060257083A1 (en) * | 2005-05-10 | 2006-11-16 | Rasmussen Michael H | Fiber bundles and methods of making fiber bundles |
| CN101907743A (en) * | 2010-07-02 | 2010-12-08 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Throughput type fiber optical tweezers based on coaxial dual-waveguide structure and preparation method |
| CN202305881U (en) * | 2011-11-09 | 2012-07-04 | 中国计量学院 | Multi-core fiber and coupler for a plurality of single-core fibers |
| CN109239845A (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2019-01-18 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of multicore optical fiber coupler and preparation method thereof |
| CN109581598A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-04-05 | 桂林电子科技大学 | A kind of coaxial twin-guide optical fiber connector |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111796361A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-10-20 | 华中科技大学 | Preparation method and application of multi-core fiber coupler with flat broadband transmission |
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