AU2019449838B2 - Air-sea real-time observation buoy system employing Beidou and Iridium satellite communication - Google Patents

Abstract

An air-sea real-time observation buoy system employing Beidou and Iridium satellite communication, comprising an air-sea observation sensor unit (2000), a data acquisition and communication control unit (3000), an anchoring unit (5000), a buoy platform (1000), a power supply unit (4000), and a shore station data processing center (6000). The data acquisition and communication control unit (3000) is connected to the air-sea observation sensor unit (2000), and is used to acquire and receive data measured by the air-sea observation sensor unit (2000), and transmit the acquired data to the shore station data processing center (6000) by means of combined data transmission communication performed by Beidou satellites and Iridium satellites. Beidou satellite communication is used to transmit data having high security requirements and low data transmission rate requirements. Iridium satellites are used to transmit data having low security requirements and high data transmission rate requirements.

Description

I OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE COUPLED REAL-TIME OBSERVATION BUOY SYSTEM BASED ON BEIDOU AND IRIDIUM SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to the technical field of deep ocean exploration, and in

particular, to an ocean-atmosphere coupled real-time observation buoy system.

BACKGROUND

In an eddy correlation method, a turbulent flux is calculated by measuring and

calculating a covariance of pulsation values of physical quantities (such as temperature, C0 2

, H 20, etc.) and a vertical wind speed. The method has almost no assumption during

observation and calculation of a flux, and is considered to be the only standard method in

which fluxes of energy and material exchange between the biosphere and the atmosphere can

be measured directly. However, due to complexity of a marine environment and limitations of

some specific conditions, including motion of a mobile platform and an effect of the platform

on airflow, measurement accuracy is affected, such that it is more difficult to perform, in the

eddy correlation method, flux observation on a maritime mobile platform (buoy, ship) than on

land. Nevertheless, this method is still a development direction of real-time and automatic

observation of the turbulent flux on the ocean-atmosphere interface. In a parameterization

solution for calculating an ocean-atmosphere flux in a block method, there is no

high-resolution temperature profile data of an ocean-atmosphere interaction layer (0-1.0 m) to

support optimization and improvement of the parameterization solution, resulting in a great

difference between a sensible heat flux calculated in the block method and a real value.

At present, an error of SST products retrieved by remote sensing in the world can be

<0.5 K, and its remote sensing SST products are widely used. Although China has launched a

large number of satellites (meteorological satellites, marine satellites, environmental satellites, and high-resolution satellites, etc.) with thermal infrared sensors, and can also receive foreign satellite data for free, there is no high-precision SST product. A main reason is that it is extremely difficult to calibrate the thermal infrared sensor, especially the lack of on-site observed calibration data at sea. Difficulties in calibration at sea is mainly low accuracy of an on-site measured temperature, insufficient spatial resolution of a surface temperature, and a difficulty in fixed-point observation at sea, etc. In order to improve accuracy of our remote sensing SST products, calibration accuracy of thermal infrared remote sensing must be improved first.

An ocean observation buoy is far away from a cell phone signal coverage area, such that

t0 a conventional cell phone signal cannot be used for data sensing. A common solution is to use

a satellite for observed ocean data transmission.

SUMMARY

The present invention is intended to overcome the foregoing shortcomings of the prior art,

or to at least provide a useful alternative to prior art solutions, and provide an ocean-atmosphere

[5 coupled real-time observation buoy system based on Beidou and Iridium satellite

communications.

In order to achieve the foregoing objective, technical solutions of the present invention

are:

an ocean-atmosphere coupled real-time observation buoy system based on Beidou and

Iridium satellite communications, including an ocean-atmosphere coupled observation sensor

unit, a data acquisition and communication control unit, an anchoring unit, a buoy body

platform, a power supply unit, and a data processing center, wherein

the ocean-atmosphere coupled observation sensor unit, the data acquisition and

communication control unit, and the power supply unit are all mounted on the buoy body

platform; the power supply unit is respectively connected to the ocean-atmosphere coupled observation sensor unit and the data acquisition and communication control unit to provide power for working of the ocean-atmosphere coupled observation sensor unit and the data acquisition and communication control unit; the buoy body platform is configured to be placed in the ocean, and a bottom of the buoy body platform is mounted to the anchoring unit through connection, such that the buoy platform is anchoredin the ocean; the ocean-atmosphere coupled observation sensor unit includes: a block method flux measuring module, configured to measure an ocean-atmosphere interface block parameter to calculate a sensible heat flux, a latent heat flux, and a momentum to flux; an eddy correlation method flux measuring module, configured to measure a turbulence pulsation signal to calculate a covariance of temperature pulsation, water vapor concentration pulsation, carbon dioxide concentration pulsation, and vertical wind speed pulsation on line in real time, so as to obtain the momentum flux, the sensible heat flux, the latent heat flux, and a ts carbon dioxide flux; a sea skin surface temperature measuring module, configured to measure sea temperatures and pressure data at different depths; and an upper layer ocean current profile measuring module, configured to measure an ocean current parameter; the data acquisition and communication control unit is connected to the ocean-atmosphere coupled observation sensor unit, and is configured to acquire and receive data measured by the ocean-atmosphere coupled observation sensor unit, and transmit the acquired data to the data processing center by means of complementary Beidou and Iridium satellite communications, where Beidou satellite communication is configured to transmit data with high security and low data transmission flow, and Iridium satellite is configured to transmit data with low security and high data transmission flow; and definitely, it should be noted that the "high" and "low" are relative.

the data processing center is configured to receive data transmitted by the data acquisition

and communication control unit, and parse, store, graphically display, and distribute the data,

wherein the data acquisition instrument comprises 4 threads: thread 1, thread 2, thread 3, and

thread 4, wherein a scanning frequency of thread 1 is 10 Hz to achieve data acquisition, attitude

correction, and flux calculation correction of the eddy correlation method flux measurement

module; a scanning interval of thread 2 is 10 seconds to achieve data acquisition, statistical

analysis, and table storage of the block method flux measuring module; a scanning interval of

to thread 3 is 30 minutes to regularly read data from the sea skin surface temperature measuring

module and the upper layer ocean current profile measuring module, and parse, make statistics

of, and store the data; and thread 4 is a Beidou thread to send data to the data processing center

in the format of Beidou protocol.

The buoy body platform is a platform that provides buoyancy for the system, carries a

[5 measuring sensor, a control system, and a power supply system. The buoy body platform

includes: a polyethylene-filled foam buoy body having the diameter of 2.4 m, which can

provide a net buoyancy of 3 tons for the system; the upper buoy tower of 3 meters high, where

a Beidou communication all-in-one machine, an Iridium satellite antenna, an eddy correlation

flux measuring unit, a block method flux measuring module, 2 12V/100W solar panels, a buoy

wind wing panel, an anchor light, and a radar reflector are mounted to the tower; a sealed cabin

of the buoy, where a signal plug-in panel is on the top of the sealed cabin, a data acquisition

and communication cabin is in the middle of the sealed cabin, and a battery cabin is at the

bottom of the sealed cabin; a mounting bracket at the bottom of the buoy, including a mounting

bracket of a profile ocean current measuring unit ADP, where the mounting bracket is mounted

at the very bottom outside the sealed cabin; and a mounting bracket of the 0-1.0 m sea skin surface temperature high temporal-spatial resolution measuring unit, where the uppermost end of the bracket is mounted to a place 20 cm above a waterline of the buoy body.

A function of the block method flux measuring module is to calculate a sensible heat

flux, a latent heat flux, and a momentum flux by measuring an ocean-atmosphere interface

block parameter. The block method flux measuring module includes: a GMX600

comprehensive weather station, an SI-112 infrared temperature sensor, an NR1 four

component radiometer, and block input parameters that meet calculation requirements of the

block method, including: a wind speed, a wind direction, an atmospheric temperature, relative

humidity, atmospheric pressure, precipitation, a sea skin temperature, upward shortwave

to radiation, downward shortwave radiation, upward longwave radiation, downward longwave

radiation, and net radiation. Sensors of the block measuring unit are mounted on the buoy tower

through a designated mounting base or mounting bracket. Sensors of the block measuring unit

are powered by a power supply system in the buoy sealed cabin, and are connected to a data

acquisition and communication unit through a corresponding analog channel, an SDI channel

[5 for two-way data transmission.

A function of the eddy correlation method flux measuring module is to measure a

turbulence pulsation signal through a fast response sensor, and then calculate a covariance of

temperature pulsation, water vapor concentration pulsation, carbon dioxide concentration

pulsation, and vertical wind speed pulsation on line in real time to obtain a momentum, a

sensible heat flux, a latent heat flux, and a carbon dioxide flux. This method is the most direct

flux measurement method, and is also considered the most accurate measurement method,

which can be used as a standard result to optimize and improve the block method. The eddy

correlation method flux measuring module includes: an all-in-one eddy correlator

(IRGASON), a signal conversion unit, and an inertial attitude measuring unit. The all-in-one

eddy correlator is mounted on the top of the buoy tower through a cross arm, and points to a direction opposite to a direction of a buoy wind wing panel. The signal conversion unit and the attitude measuring unit are mounted together in a sealed box, and the sealed box is fixed on the top of the tower through a fixing member. The attitude measuring unit includes a three-axis inclination IMU and a magnetic compass. The attitude unit records three-dimensional swaying attitude data of the buoy at a high sampling frequency of 10 Hz. The data is used for correcting a three-dimensional ultrasonic wind speed and obtaining a true three-dimensional wind speed in a natural geographic coordinate system. A measuring instrument of the eddy correlation flux measuring unit is powered by a power supply system in a buoy cabin, and is connected to the data acquisition and communication unit through a SDM communication port for two-way data t0 transmission.

The sea skin surface temperature measuring module is a temperature measuring rod with

a length of 1200 mm, where the length of a temperature measuring array is 1000 mm, and the

length of a control component is 200 mm. A temperature measuring component is arranged

vertically by 1000 sets of thermal probes at an interval of 1 mm. In addition, 1 pressure probe

t5 is mounted in parallel on each thermosensitive probe for simultaneous water depth

measurement. The unit is fixed on the buoy body through a mounting bracket, and a signal line

is connected to the data acquisition and communication unit. The unit regularly acquires

temperature and pressure data at a depth of 0-1000 mm at an interval of 30 minutes. Through

each acquisition, 1000 sets of temperature profiles and 1000 sets of synchronized depth profile

data may be obtained. A profile flow velocity temperature measuring rod is powered by a power

supply system in a buoy cabin, and is connected to the data acquisition and communication

unit through a serial port for two-way data transmission.

The upper layer ocean current profile measuring module is a 400 Khz ultrasonic flow

velocity profile measuring instrument (ADP), and according to ocean-atmosphere interface

observation requirements, a working mode of the upper layer ocean current profile measuring

6a

module is set as follows: a measurement blind area is 0.5 m, a thickness of a layer is 7 m, a

number of measured layers is 10 layers, an interval of measurement is 30 minutes, each

measurement time is 3 minutes, and a working status of the flow velocity profile measuring

instrument and the ten-layer flow velocity, a flow speed of ten layers, a flow direction, and

echo signal strength data are output in the form of an ASCII code. The ultrasonic flow velocity

profile measuring instrument is powered by a power supply system in a buoy cabin, and is

connected to the data acquisition and communication unit through a serial port for two-way

data transmission. The unit is fixed at the very bottom outside the buoy sealed cabin through a mounting bracket.

The power supply unit is a solar power supply unit, including: two 12 V/100 W solar

panels; 1 12 V/20 A photovoltaic controller; and 4 12 V/100 Ah lead-acid storage batteries.

Positive and negative output terminals of 1# solar panel and an output terminal of 2# solar

panel are connected to a connector clip of a sealed cabin panel through a 2.5 mm2 power line,

and connected to a photovoltaic input terminal of the photovoltaic controller. Positive and

negative terminals of 1# storage battery are connected in parallel to positive and negative

terminals of 2# lead-acid storage battery through two 2.5 mm 2 power lines, positive and

negative terminals of 2 # storage battery are connected in parallel to positive and negative

terminals of 3# lead-acid storage battery through two 2.5 mm 2 power lines, positive and

negative terminals of 3# storage battery are connected in parallel to positive and negative

terminals of 4# lead-acid storage battery through two 2.5 mm 2 power lines, and positive and

negative terminals of the 4 # storage battery are connected in parallel to a battery terminal of

the photovoltaic controller through two 2.5 mm2 power lines. A load terminal of the

photovoltaic controller is connected to a power in terminal on the data acquisition and

communication unit CR3000 to supply power for the data acquisition instrument, sensors,

relays, and communication terminals. The photovoltaic controller sets a voltage threshold for

cutting off load output to 11.8 V, that is, in the absence of sunlight, if the photovoltaic

controller detects that a battery voltage is lower than 11.8 V, the photovoltaic controller cuts

off power output at the load terminal to avoid an irreversible damage to the storage battery

due to over-discharge.

The data acquisition and communication unit mainly includes: 1 data logger, model

CR3000; 1 Beidou all-in-one machine, model RXS920; 1 Iridium satellite antenna; 1 Iridium

satellite terminal, model 9522B; and 1 relay, model MY2N-J. For all devices of the data

acquisition and communication unit, except for that the RXS920 Beidou all-in-one machine and the Iridium satellite antenna are mounted on a mounting base on the top of the buoy tower, other devices are mounted in the buoy data acquisition and communication cabin.

A Cable signal line of an NR1 four-component radiometer enters the data acquisition

cabin through a 9-core plug-in port of a plug-in panel, and is then connected to a

corresponding analog channel of the data acquisition instrument.

A Cable2 signal line of the NRO1 four-component radiometer enters the data acquisition

cabin through a 1# 5-core plug-in port of the plug-in panel, and is then connected to a

corresponding analog channel and a current excitation channel on the data acquisition

instrument.

A signal line of an SI-12 infrared temperature sensor enters the data acquisition cabin

through a 1# 6-core plug-in port of the plug-in panel, and is then connected to a

corresponding analog channel and a voltage excitation channel of the data acquisition

instrument.

A signal line of the flow velocity profile measuring instrument (ADP) enters the data

acquisition cabin through a 2# 5-core plug-in port of the plug-in panel, and is then

respectively connected to a corresponding serial channel and a 12 V power supply channel on

the data acquisition instrument.

A signal line of the high-resolution sea skin temperature meter enters the data

acquisition cabin through a 3# 5-core plug-in port of the plug-in panel, and is then

respectively connected to a corresponding serial channel and a 12 V power supply channel on

the data acquisition instrument.

A signal line of a terminal of the Beidou satellite enters the data acquisition cabin

through a 4# 5-core plug-in port of the plug-in panel, and is then respectively connected to a

corresponding serial channel and a 12 V power supply channel on the data acquisition

instrument.

A signal line of a sensor of the GMX600 comprehensive weather station enters the data

acquisition cabin through a 4-core plug-in port of the plug-in panel, and is then respectively

connected to a corresponding SDI channel and a 12 V power supply channel on the data

acquisition instrument.

A signal line of a terminal of the Iridium satellite communication enters the data

acquisition cabin through a 5# 5-core plug-in port of the plug-in panel, and is then

respectively connected to a corresponding RS232 channel and a 12 V power supply channel

on the data acquisition instrument, and a designated pin of a relay.

A signal line of the IRGASON eddy correlator enters the data acquisition cabin through

a 2# 6-core plug-in port of the plug-in panel, and is then respectively connected to a

corresponding SDM channel and 12 V power supply channel on the data acquisition

instrument.

A signal line of the IMU attitude module enters the data acquisition cabin through a 3#

6-pin plug-in port of the plug-in panel, and is then respectively connected to a corresponding

analog channel and a 12 V power supply channel of the data acquisition instrument.

A data acquisition program running in the CR3000 data acquisition instrument is

responsible for acquiring, processing, and storing data of the sensors. Thread 1 is a 10 Hz fast

scanning program. In this thread, fast data acquisition is completed for the IRGASON

all-in-one eddy correlator and IMU attitude module, real-time buoy swaying correction is

performed, a true high-frequency three-dimensional wind speed in a natural geographic

coordinate system is obtained, 1 eddy correlation flux calculation is performed every 30

minutes to obtain a momentum flux, a sensible heat flux, a latent heat flux, and a carbon

dioxide flux, and the fluxes are stored in a CF memory card of CR3000 in a form of data

table at an interval of 30 minutes.

Thread 2 is a scanning program every 10 seconds/one. In this thread, scanning of the

NR01 four-component radiometer, the SI-112 infrared sea skin temperature meter, and the

GMX600 comprehensive weather sensor is completed, and the data is respectively counted

for 1 minute, 10 minutes, and 30 minutes and is stored in a form of data table in the CF

memory card of CR3000.

Thread 3 is a slow scanning program every 30 minutes/one. In this thread, reading,

parsing, and storage of data of the flow velocity profile meter (ADP) and the sea skin

temperature meter are completed.

Thread 4 is a Beidou communication protocol processing program. In this thread,

30-min statistical data is read from the CF memory card every 30 minutes on the hour, and

the data mainly includes a wind speed, a wind direction, an atmospheric temperature, an

atmospheric pressure, humidity, precipitation, GPS, and an upperward shortwave, a

downward shortwave, an upward longwave, a downward longwave, a sea surface skin

temperature,a flow velocity and flow direction of 10-layer profile ocean current, a system

voltage, a sealed cabin temperature, a buoy attitude and other data that require high security

1 and real-time performance. According to a Beidou protocol format, the data is divided into 4

groups of data packets and sent to the shore station center in sequence.

Data between the Iridium satellite communication terminal and CR3000 is set to be

transmitted in a point-to-point manner, and a LoggerNet software on the shore station data

center server automatically connects 1#Iridium satellite terminal on the buoy by dialing

through a 2# Iridium satellite terminal of the shore station center at a time interval of 30

minutes, to implement the download of the specified data table, the connection is broken after

the data form is downloaded, and enter sleep mode.

The anchoring unit is to ensure that the buoy may be anchored at a water depth between

3800-4200 meters, and does not follow a drag of a current and wind to cause long-distance

movement, so as to achieve fixed-point observation of the buoy. The anchoring unit is divided into a shackle group, an anchor chain group, a polypropylene cable group, a pressure-resistant floating ball group, and a Hall anchor.

The shackle group is shown as follows from top to bottom: 1# shackle, 2# shackle, 3#

shackle, 4# shackle, 5# shackle, 6# shackle, 7# shackle, 8# shackle, 9# shackle, 1# shackle,

11# shackle, 12# shackle, 13# shackle, 14# shackle, 15# shackle, and 16# shackle. The size of

the 1# shackle is shown as follows: the pore diameter of the shackle is 50 mm, the length of

an inner ring of the shackle is 130 mm, and the width is 50 mm. The size of the 16# shackle

is shown as follows: the pore diameter of the shackle is 50 mm, the length of an inner ring of

the shackle is 130 mm, and the width is 50 mm. Models of 2# shackle to 15# shackle are the

same, and the size is shown as follows: a pore diameter of the shackle is 36 mm, the length of

the inner ring of the shackle is 110 mm, and the width is 36 mm.

The anchor chain group is shown as follows from top to bottom: 1# anchor chain, 2#

anchor chain, and 3# anchor chain. The 1# anchor chain is a counterweight anchor chain

configured to stabilize the center of gravity of the buoy, the length thereof is 65 meters, the

1 diameter is 24 mm, and the upper end of the 1# anchor chain has a conversion group with the

diameter of 24 mm. The 2# anchor chain is polypropylene cable ballasting anchor chain and

is configured to press 1# cable and 2# cable of the polypropylene cable group into the water,

the length of the anchor chain is 15 meters, and the diameter thereof is 24 mm. The 3# anchor

chain is an anchor chain. The anchor chain is laid on a seabed-base to increase grip of the

anchoring unit, the length of the anchor chain is 130 meters and the diameter thereof is 24

mm.

The polypropylene cable group is the main part of the entire anchoring unit. All cables in

the anchoring unit are eight-strand polypropylene monofilament ropes with the diameter of

36 mm, with a breaking force of 10 tons and density of 0.9 times of seawater density. A

tensile force thereof is elonged by 1.1 times when the breaking force is more than 2 tons.

Both ends of the cable have customized semi-closed loops for the connection between ropes

or rope chains. The polypropylene cable group is shown from top to bottom: 1#

polypropylene cable, 2# polypropylene cable, 3# polypropylene cable, and 4# polypropylene

cable. The length of the 1# polypropylene cable is 800 meters. The length of the 2#

polypropylene cable is 1000 meters, the length of the 3# polypropylene cable is 1000 meters,

the length of the 4# polypropylene cable is 1000 meters, and the length of the 5#

polypropylene cable is 400 meters.

The pressure-resistant floating ball group provides buoyancy for the anchoring unit and

keeps a lower cable in a tight state. The pressure-resistant floating ball group contains a total

of 16 glass floating balls with the diameter of 17 inches. A pressure-resistant depth thereof is

2000 meters. Net buoyancy of a single floating ball is 25 kilograms. The pressure-resistant

floating ball group can provide 400 kilograms of net buoyancy for the anchoring unit. The 16

pressure-resistant floating ball groups are connected between the 2# polypropylene cable and

the 3# polypropylene cable.

The Hall anchor is a anchoring part of the anchoring unit. The function of the Hall

anchor is similar to an anchor of a ship, which can fix the buoy at a position of a placing

point. The Hall anchor is an international Hall anchor with specification of 1750 kg.

A connection method of the anchoring unit is shown as follows: 1# shackle is connected

to a buoy body and a conversion group of an upper end of the 1# anchor chain, 2# shackle is

connected to a lower end of the 1# anchor chain and 3# shackle, the 3# shackle is connected

to 2# shackle and an upper end of 1# polypropylene cable, 4# shackle is connected to a lower

end of the 1# polypropylene cable and 5# shackle, the 5# shackle is connected to the 4#

shackle and an upper end of the 2# anchor chain, 6# shackle is connected to a lower end of

the 2# anchor chain and 7# shackle, the 7# shackle is connected to the 6# shackle and an

upper end of the 2# polypropylene cable, 8# shackle is connected to a lower end of the 2# polypropylene cable and an upper end of a pressure-resistant floating ball group, 9# shackle is connected to an upper end of 3# polypropylene cable and a lower end of a pressure-resistant floating ball group, 10# shackle is connected to a lower end of 3# polypropylene cable and 11# shackle, the 11# shackle is connected to an upper end of 4# polypropylene cable and 10# shackle, 12# shackle is connected to a lower end of the 4# polypropylene cable and 13# shackle, the 13# shackle is connected to an upper end of 5# polypropylene cable and 12# shackle, 14# shackle is connected to a lower end of 5# polypropylene cable and 15# shackle, the 15# shackle is connected to an upper end of the 3# anchor chain and the 14# shackle, and 16# shackle is connected to a lower end of the 3# anchor chain and a Hall anchor.

The data processing center is responsible for regularly receiving raw data sent back by

the buoy at sea, and is responsible for data analysis, display, storage distribution, and other

management, etc. The data center includes a Beidou satellite receiving system, an Iridium

satellite data receiving system, and a data center server. The Beidou satellite receiving system

1 includes 1 Beidou antenna terminal all-in-one machine, 1 CR3000 data acquisition

instrument, and 1 server with serial communication. LoggerNet software and SQL sever2012

database are mounted on the server. The Beidou antenna terminal all-in-one machine needs to

be erected in an open and unobstructed area. The Iridium satellite data receiving system

includes 1 Iridium satellite antenna, 1 Iridium satellite terminal, and 1 server with serial

communication. The Iridium satellite antenna needs to be erected in an open and

unobstructed area.

The specific connection method is shown as follows: the Beidou antenna terminal

all-in-one machine is connected to a serial channel 1 of CR3000 through a serial port, and

CR3000 parses and processes a Beidou data packet, and stores the data table. CR3000 is

connected to a serial port of a data server through RS232, and the LoggerNet software on the server may read the data through communication between the serial port 1 and a CR3000 data acquisition instrument.

The Iridium satellite antenna is erected in an unobstructed open area on the roof, and is

connected to the Iridium satellite terminal through an Iridium satellite antenna spy tube. A

serial port of the Iridium satellite terminal is connected to a serial port 2 of the data server

through a serial line. A dial-up communication protocol within an Iridium satellite 9522B

terminal is built in LoggerNet software on the server, corresponding setting needs to be

performed in advance in the data acquisition instrument at a buoy side, a 9522B terminal at

the buoy side, a 9522B terminal at the shore station, and the LoggerNet software. After the

setting is completed, the LoggerNet software on the data server may download a specified

data table from CR3000 at the buoy side at a time interval of 30 minutes.

An LNDB database storage plug-in of LoggerNet software may store a specified field of

a selected data table in a local SQL server 2012 database in real time. Client software may be

remotely connected to a local database in the authorization login method of user name

+ password for real-time data view, historical data download, and other functions.

The Beidou terminal antenna all-in-one machine, the Iridium satellite terminal, and

CR3000 shore station are all powered by one AC-DC voltage conversion module. The

voltage conversion module and a power input connector of the server are both connected to

an UPS with 220 V output. The UPS can ensure that the data server and each communication

terminal work normally for 45 minutes in the case of external power supply loss.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

In the present invention, in comprehensive consideration of security and transmission

data volume for observation data on the buoy, the present invention employs complementary

Beidou and Iridium satellite communications for the first time in the world. The Beidou

satellite communication is used for transmitting data which have high requirements for security and lower requirements for data flow, for example, wind speed, wind direction, atmospheric temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, atmospheric pressure, sea surface skin temperature, four-component radiation, flow velocity, flow direction, and GPS of

10-layer profile of 0-70 meters, buoy attitude, system voltage, and sealed cabin temperature,

etc. Iridium satellite communication is used for transmitting a high-resolution temperature,

depth profile, and high-frequency turbulence data of an eddy correlation system of a 0-1.0 m

sea surface layer. This part of data has relatively low security requirements, but has high data

transmission flow requirements.

In the present invention, two methods of an eddy correlation method and a block method

are used for simultaneous measurement of ocean-atmosphere flux. Direct flux measurement

of the eddy correlation method measuring unit may be used as a related parameterization

solution for improvement of a standard result and optimization of the block method. A block

method flux measuring module may also be used as an important supplement to the flux

observation of the eddy correlation method, and can provide important meteorological

background data for the eddy correlation method measuring unit, such as a background wind

field and precipitation. In addition, based on an improved block algorithm of the eddy

measuring unit, in a buoy placement point and a surrounding adjacent ocean area with similar

climatic and geographical conditions, ocean-atmosphere heat flux exchange is calculated for

a large area of ocean. Four-component radiation measurement in the block measuring unit, in

combination with the heat flux directly measured by the eddy correlation system, can

evaluate the net heat balance between the ocean and the atmosphere in the ocean area of the

placement point in real time, which is important for global and regional climate research.

In the present invention, the sea surface layer high-resolution temperature measuring

instrument uses an instrument that can measure a water body temperature with a

millimeter-level spatial resolution of a water body surface layer. The high-resolution sea surface temperature measurement result of the instrument is used for improving a calibration method of thermal infrared remote sensing and improving calibration accuracy of a thermal infrared remote sensing satellite in our country. Meanwhile, a simultaneous measurement result of the high-resolution sea skin surface temperature and block parameter provide more precise observation data for studying an ocean-atmosphere interaction interface, which may be used for improving a parameterization solution of an upper layer sea temperature in the block parameters and increasing a calculation result of the sensible heat flux.

In the present invention, CR3000 data acquisition instrument with plenty of interfaces,

powerful calculation functions, and powerful operation functions used by the data acquisition

and communication unit meets requirements of analog measurement channels, voltage

excitation channels, current excitation channels, SDM channels, SDI- 12 channels, and serial

port channels for all mounted sensors, and modular channel expansion may be performed

according to task requirements. A user can flexibly set a scanning frequency of each sensor, a

data statistical time interval, and a data storage table time interval according to

self-programming.

In the present invention, a software part of the data acquisition and communication unit

at the buoy side uses multi-thread programming, and is set to 3 measurement threads and 1

Beidou communication thread according to measurements frequency and communication

requirements of different sensors. Fast measurement of the eddy correlation method, slow

measurement of the block method parameter, timing measurement of the flow velocity profile

and the temperature profile, and timed task sending of the Beidou data packet can be met

simultaneously, and the software has a clear idea and is easily for modification, expansion,

and optimization.

In the present invention, the buoy anchoring unit uses an S-type non-tightening

anchoring system, and a designed water depth is between 3800-4200 meters. Each connecting component is made of a material with sufficient damage redundancy. If a placement depth of the buoy is changed, reference is made to this anchoring unit design, and the length of the polypropylene cable group in the anchoring unit is only needed to be modified.

In the present invention, the shore station data center achieves data reception of Beidou

Satellite and Iridium Satellite simultaneously through one data server, and a SQL server

database is mounted in server to achieve effective data management. Data may be distributed

to multiple authorized users through client software, which is conducive to sharing of ocean

observation data.

In summary, the present invention is an ocean-atmosphere coupled observation buoy

system suitable for being placed in the deep ocean. It features diversified ocean-atmosphere

interface observation parameters, safe data transmission, and system expandability, etc.,

provides new means for observation of a bottom structure of deep ocean ocean-atmosphere

boundary layer and ocean-atmosphere interaction, and can also be configured to verify signal

stability, communication quality, and a communication coverage area of the Beidou Satellite

communication system independently developed by China in long-term fixed-point

observation at sea.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an overall schematic diagram of an ocean-atmosphere coupled real-time

observation buoy system of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of buoy body and sensor mounting;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of hardware constitution of a data acquisition and

communication unit;

FIG. 4 is a structural diagram of a sealed cabin plug and socket panel;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of wiring of a data acquisition and communication unit;

FIG. 6 is a program flow chart of a data acquisition and communication unit;

FIG. 7 is a buoy beidou data packet format;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of wiring of a power supply unit;

FIG. 9 is a structural diagram of an anchoring unit; and

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the shore station center.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Content of the present invention is further described in detail below in combination with

the accompanying drawings and detailed implementations.

Embodiments:

As shown in FIG. 1, an ocean-atmosphere coupled real-time observation buoy based on

Beidou and Iridium satellite communications of the present invention includes a buoy body

platform 1000, an ocean-atmosphere coupled observation sensor unit 2000, a data acquisition

and communication control unit 3000, a power supply unit 4000, an anchoring unit 5000, and

a shore station data processing center 6000, where the buoy body platform 1000, the

ocean-atmosphere coupling observation sensor unit 2000, the data acquisition and

communication control unit 3000, the power supply unit 4000 and the anchoring unit 5000

constitute an integral part of the ocean-atmosphere coupled buoy at sea and is placed in an

observation ocean area, and the shore station data processing center 6000 is on land. The

buoy body platform 1000 provides buoyancy and a water-underwater sensor mounting

platform for the entire buoy system, and the ocean-atmosphere coupled observation sensor

unit 2000 is fixed to the buoy body platform 1000 through respective mounting bases or

mounting brackets. The data acquisition and communication control unit 3000 is responsible

for acquiring sensor data of the ocean-atmosphere coupled observation sensor unit 2000 and

processing and sending the data back to the shore station data processing center 6000. The

power supply unit 4000 provides a 12 V direct current power supply for the data acquisition

and communication control unit 3000 and the ocean-atmosphere coupled observation sensor unit 2000. The anchoring unit 5000 anchors the buoy platform 1000 at a depth of 3800-4200 meters without large-scale displacement. The shore station data processing center 6000 is responsible for receiving data sent back by the data acquisition and communication control unit 3000, and parsing, storing, graphically displaying and distributing the data.

As shown in FIG. 2, the buoy body platform 1000 includes a buoy tower 1100, a buoy

body 1200, and a sealed cabin 1300. The buoy tower 1100 includes a GMX600

comprehensive weather station mounting pole 1101, an SI-112 infrared sea skin temperature

meter, an NRO1 four-component radiometer mounting pole 1102, an IRGASON all-in-one

eddy correlation flux meter mounting pole 1103, a Beidou communication terminal all-in-one

machine mounting base 1104, an Iridium satellite antenna mounting base 1105, a navigation

light mounting base 1106, a radar reflector 1107, a wind wing 1108, a first solar panel

mounting frame 1109, a second solar panel mounting frame 1110, and an inertial attitude unit

mounting base 1111. The buoy body includes a polyethylene-filled foam main buoy 1201

with the diameter of 2.4 meters, a mounting bracket 1202 for a sea surface layer

high-resolution temperature profile measuring instrument, and a mounting bracket 1203 for a

sea upper layer profile flow velocity measuring instrument. The sealed cabin 1300 includes a

signal plug-in panel 1301, a data acquisition and communication cabin 1302, and a battery

cabin 1303.

The ocean-atmosphere observation sensor unit 2000 includes an eddy correlation flux

measuring module 2100, a block method flux measuring module 2200, a sea surface layer

high-resolution temperature profile measuring module 2300, and a sea surface layer

high-resolution temperature profile measuring module 2400. The eddy correlation flux

measuring module includes an IRGASON all-in-one eddy correlation flux meter 2101 and an

inertial attitude unit 2102. The block method flux measuring module 2200 includes a

GMX600 comprehensive weather station 2201, an SI-112 infrared sea skin temperature meter

2202, and an NRO1 four-component radiometer 2203.

A specific mounting method is: the IRGASON all-in-one eddy correlation flux meter

2101 is mounted on a mounting rod 1103, and the inertial attitude unit 2102 is mounted on an

inertial attitude unit mounting base 1111. The GMX600 comprehensive weather station 2201

is mounted on a pole 1101, the SI-112 infrared sea skin temperature meter 2202 and the

NR01 four-component radiometer 2203 are mounted on a pole 1102, where 2203 is mounted

on the outermost side of 1102, and 2202 is mounted vertically downward at a 90 degree angle

at a position about 40 cm from 2203. The sea surface layer high-resolution temperature

profile measuring module 2300 is mounted on a bracket 1202. The sea surface layer

high-resolution temperature profile measuring module 2400 is mounted on a bracket 1203.

As shown in FIG. 3, hardware of the data acquisition and communication unit 3000

includes a Beidou communication terminal all-in-one machine 3001, an Iridium satellite

communication antenna 3002, an Iridium satellite communication terminal 3003, a relay

3004, and a data acquisition instrument 3005. The Beidou communication terminal all-in-one

1 machine 3001 and the Iridium satellite communication antenna 3002 are respectively fixed on

the buoy body tower 1100 through a mounting base 1104 and a mounting base 1105. The

Iridium satellite communication terminal 3003, the relay 3004, and the data acquisition

instrument 3005 are fixed in a data acquisition and communication cabin 1302. The data

acquisition instrument 3005 connects each sensor through a corresponding data channel,

acquires, processes, make statistics of, and stores sensor data at a fixed frequency, and sends

the data back to a shore station data processing center through the Beidou terminal all-in-one

machine 3001 every 30 minutes. Detailed signal and power wiring are shown in FIG. 5.

As shown in FIG. 4, the signal plug-in panel 1301 includes a 9-core male waterproof

socket 1301-1 of a 1 signal line of an NR1 net radiation sensor 2203, a 5-core male

waterproof socket 1301-2 of a 2"d signal line of an NRO1 net radiation sensor 2203, a 6-core male waterproof socket 1301-3 of a signal line of a SI-12 infrared sea skin temperature meter 2202, a 4-core female waterproof socket 1301-4 of a signal power line of the GMX600 comprehensive weather station 2201, a 6-core female waterproof socket 1301-5 of a signal power line of an inertial attitude unit 2102, a 6-core female waterproof socket 1301-6 of a signal power line of an IRGASON all-in-one eddy correlation meter 2101, a 5-core female waterproof socket 1301-7 of a signal power line of a sea surface layer high-resolution temperature profile measuring module 2400, a 5-core female waterproof socket 1301-8 of a signal power line of a sea surface layer high-resolution temperature profile measuring module

2300, a 5-core female waterproof socket 1301-9 of a signal power line of a Beidou

communication terminal all-in-one machine 3001, a signal transfer socket 1301-10 of an

Iridium satellite communication antenna 3002, a 2-core female waterproof socket 1301-11 of

a power line of a first solar panel, and a 2-core female waterproof socket 1301-12 of a power

line of a second solar panel.

As shown in FIG. 5, wiring of components such as the sensors, satellite communication

1 terminals, and relays and data acquisition instruments is described in detail in combination

with FIG. 4.

A first 9-core signal line of a net radiation sensor 2203 is connected to a 1301-1 socket

to enter a data acquisition cabin 1302, and a red signal line of a total radiation voltage is

connected to a single-ended analog channel SE5 of a data acquisition instrument 3005. The

rest can be done in a same manner. A blue signal line of a total radiation reference voltage is

connected to SE6 of 3005, a white signal line of reflected radiation voltage is connected to

SE7 of 3005, a green signal line of a reflected radiation reference voltage is connected to SE8

of 3005, a brown signal line of a sky long-wave radiation voltage is connected to SE9 of

3005, a yellow signal line of a sky long-wave radiation reference voltage is connected to

SE10 of 3005, , a pink signal line of a ground radiation voltage is connected to SE1 Iof 3005, a grey signal line of a ground radiation reference voltage is connected to SE12 of 3005, and a black-signal shielding line is connected to an analog signal ground AG end of 3005. A second

5-core signal line of the net radiation sensor 2203 is connected to a 1301-2 socket to enter the

data acquisition cabin 1302, a white signal line of a resistance voltage is connected to a

single-ended analog channel SE21 of 3005, a green signal line of a reference voltage is

connected to a single-ended analog channel SE22 of 3005, a red signal line of current

excitation is connected to an IXI current excitation channel of 3005, a blue signal line of a

backflow end is connected to an IXR channel of 3005, and a black-signal shielding line is

connected to an analog signal ground AG end of 3005.

A 6-core signal line of SI-112 infrared sea skin temperature meter 2202 is connected to a

1301-3 socket to enter the data acquisition cabin 1302, a red signal line of a temperature

difference voltage is connected to SE15 of 3005, a black signal line of a reference voltage is

connected to SE16 of 3005, a green signal line of a temperature voltage is connected to SE17

of 3005, a white signal line of a voltage excitation input is connected to VX1 of 3005, and a

1 blue signal ground and transparent signal shielding line are connected to AG of 3005.

A 4-core signal power line of GMIX600 comprehensive weather station 2201 is

connected to a socket 1301-4 to enter the data acquisition cabin 1302, a black signal line is

connected to a channel C5 of SDI12 of 3005, a yellow signal ground line is connected to an

AG of 3005, and a positive pole of a red power supply is connected to 12V of 3005, and a

negative pole of a black power supply is connected to G of 3005.

A 6-core signal power line of an IRGASON all-in-one eddy correlation flux meter 2101

is connected to a socket 1301-6 to enter the data acquisition cabin 1302, a red SDM data

signal line is connected to a SDM-C1 channel of 3005, a white SDM clock signal line is

connected to a SDM- C2 channel of 3005, a green SDM enable signal line is connected to an

SDM-C3 channel of 3005, a positive line of a blue power supply is connected to 12 V of

3005, a negative line of a black power supply is connected to G of 3005, and a black

& transparent signal ground line is connected to AG of 3005.

A 6-core signal power line of an inertial attitude unit 2102 is connected to a socket

1301-5 to enter the data acquisition cabin 1302, a red signal line is connected to a SE1

channel of 3005, a blue signal line is connected to a SE2 channel of 3005, a green signal line

is connected to a SE3 channel of 3005, a yellow signal line is connected to a SE4 channel of

3005, a positive line of a white power supply is connected to 12 V of 3005, and a negative

line of a black power supply is connected to G of 3005.

A 5-core signal power line of an ocean current measuring unit 2400 is connected to a

socket 1301-7 to enter the data acquisition cabin 1302, a green Rx line is connected to C3 of

3005, a red Tx line is connected to C4 of 3005, an orange signal ground line is connected to

G of 3005, a positive line of a white power supply is connected to 12 V of 3005, and a

negative line of a black power supply is connected to G of 3005.

A 5-core signal power line of a temperature profile measuring unit 2300 is connected to

a socket 1301-8 to enter the data acquisition cabin 1302, a green Rx line is connected to C7

of 3005, a red Tx line is connected to C8 of 3005, an orange signal ground line is connected

to G of 3005, a positive line of a white power supply is connected to 12 V of 3005, and a

negative line of a black power supply is connected to G of 3005.

A 5-core signal power line of a Beidou all-in-one machine 3001 is connected to a socket

1301-9 to enter the data acquisition cabin 1302, a green Rx line is connected to C1 of 3005, a

red Tx line is connected to C2 of 3005, an orange signal ground line is connected to G of

3005, a positive line of a white power supply is connected to 12 V of 3005, and a negative

line of a black power supply is connected to G of 3005.

An Iridium satellite communication antenna 3002 is connected to a signal transfer socket

1301-10 to enter the data acquisition cabin and then connected to a Iridium satellite terminal

3002, a green Rx line of 3003 is connected to RS232-2 of 3005, a red Tx line is connected to

RS232-3 of 3005, an orange signal ground line is connected to RS232-5 of 3005, a positive

line of a white power supply is connected to 12 pins of a relay 3004, and a negative line of a

black power supply is connected to G of 3005. 8 pins of the relay 3004 is connected to 12 V

of 3005, 14 pins are connected to a SW12V-2 end of 3005, and 13 pins are connected to a G

end of 3005.

As shown in FIG. 6, the data acquisition instrument 3005 runs a system data acquisition

and communication program Airsea-buoy.CR3 written based on CRBasic language, which

contains 4 threads. Program flowcharts of thread 1, thread 2, and thread 3 are similar. First,

sidelines, variables, buffers, units, and other information during program running are

declared, a 30-minute data storage table (storage content, time interval, data accuracy, etc.) is

further defined, and main loops of specified frequencies are further programmed, and

functions such as data acquisition, calculation, recall and storage are performed in a loop. A

scanning frequency of thread 1 is 10 Hz, which mainly achieves functions of data collection,

1 attitude correction, and flux calculation correction, etc. of a high-frequency eddy correlation

flux unit 2100. A scanning interval of thread 2 is 10 seconds, which mainly achieves

functions of data acquisition, statistical analysis, and table storage, etc. of a block parameter

measuring unit 2200. A scanning interval of thread 3 is 30 minutes, which mainly achieves

that data of a flow velocity profiler 2300 and a temperature profiler 2400 are periodically

read every 30 minutes, and the data is analyzed, counted, and stored. Thread 4 is mainly

responsible for packaging a set of the latest measured block parameters and ocean current

data at each time point of 0 minute and 30 minutes and sending the data back to a shore

station data processing center through Beidou satellite. Considering that a Beidou signal is

interfered by electromagnetic, weather, and other environmental factors in some sea areas,

which may cause a failure of single data packet transmission, a 3-times handshake retransmission mechanism protocol is designed to improve reliability of data transmission.

As shown in FIG. 7, a data packet format follows the Beidou 4.0 protocol. Beidou

communication requires that a number of bytes in each data transmission is not more than

100 bytes. This system divides data that needs to be transmitted through Beidou into 2 data

packets. The first data packet has a total of 89 bytes, where the Beidou protocol has 18 bytes,

and user data has 71 bytes. User content includes: 10 bytes of system status information (the

latest data time, a battery voltage, a sealed cabin temperature, and GPS), 40 bytes of block

parameters (data time, a temperature, humidity, an atmospheric pressure, precipitation, a wind

speed, a wind direction, an ocean skin temperature, an upward long wave, a downward long

wave, an upward short wave, a downward short wave, and net radiation), 20 bytes of echo

signals of 10-layer current profile E component and N-component, and 1 byte of checksum. A

second data packet has a total of 82 bytes, where a Beidou protocol has 18 bytes, and user

data has 64 bytes. User content includes: 4 bytes of ADP header information (identifier,

packet size), 16 bytes of ADP status information (a battery voltage, a water temperature, and

a three-axis inclination, etc.), 40 bytes of flow rates of 10-layer ocean current profile E

component and N component, and 4 bytes of a filling bit and a check bit.

As shown in FIG. 8, a power supply unit 4000 includes a first 12 V/100 W solar panel

4001, a second 12 V/100 W solar panel 4002, 1 12 V/20 A photovoltaic controller 4003, and

4 12 V/100 Ah lead acid storage batteries which are 4004, 4005, 4006, and 4007 in sequence.

The solar panels 4001 and 4002 are fixed on a tower1100 through mounting frames 1109 and

1110. The photovoltaic controller 4003 is fixed in a data acquisition and communication

cabin 1302, and storage batteries 4004 to 4007 are fixed in a battery cabin 1303.

A power line of 4001 is connected to a socket 1301-11, and a power line of 4002 is

connected to a socket 1301-12 and is connected in parallel to a photovoltaic terminal of 4003.

Battery 4004 is connected in parallel to 4005, 4005 is connected in parallel to 4006, 4006 is connected in parallel to 4007, and 4007 is connected to a battery terminal of 4003. A load terminal of 4003 is connected to a power input terminal of a data acquisition instrument 3005.

As shown in FIG. 9, an anchoring unit 5000 includes a shackle group 5100, an anchor

chain group 5200, a polypropylene cable group 5300, a pressure-resistant floating ball group

5400, and a Hall anchor 5500. The shackle group 5100 includes 16 shackles from 5101 to

5116. The anchor chain group includes three anchor chains 5201, 5202, and 5203. The

polypropylene cable group includes polypropylene cable 5301, a polypropylene cable 5302, a

polypropylene cable 5303, a polypropylene cable 5304, and a polypropylene cable 5305. The

pressure-resistant floating ball group includes 16 pressure-resistant glass floating balls fixed

in 5400.

A specific connection method of the anchoring unit 5000 is shown as follows from top

to bottom: a shackle 5101 is connected to a buoy body 1000 and a conversion group at an

upper end of a anchor chain 5102, the shackle 5102 is connected to a lower end of an anchor

chain 5201 and a shackle 5103, a shackle 5103 is connected to a shackle 5102 and an upper

1 end of a polypropylene cable 5301, a shackle 5104 is connected to the lower end of a

polypropylene cable 5301 and a shackle 5105, the shackle 5105 is connected to the shackle

5104 and an upper end of an anchor chain 5202, a shackle 5106 is connected to a lower end

of an anchor chain 5202 and a shackle 5107, the shackle 5107 is connected to an upper end of

the shackle 5106 and an upper end of a polypropylene cable 5202, a shackle 5108 is

connected to a lower end of 5202 and an upper end of a pressure-resistant floating ball group

5400, a shackle 5109 is connected to an upper end of a polypropylene cable 5303 and a lower

end of the pressure-resistant floating ball group 5400, and a shackle 5110 is connected to a

lower end of a polypropylene cable 5303 and 5111, the shackle 5111 is connected to an upper

end of a polypropylene cable 5304 and the shackle 5110, a shackle 5112 is connected to a

lower end of a polypropylene cable 5304 and a shackle 5113, the shackle 5113 is connected to an upper end of 5305 and the shackle 5112, a shackle 5114 is connected to a lower end of a polypropylene cable 5305 and a shackle 5115, the shackle 5115 is connected to an upper end of an anchor chain 5203 and a shackle 5114, and a shackle 5116 is connected to a lower end of an anchor chain 5203 and a Hall anchor 5500.

As shown in FIG. 10, hardware composition of a shore station data processing center

6000 includes a Beidou terminal all-in-one machine 6001, an Iridium satellite antenna 6002,

an Iridium satellite terminal 6003, an AC-DC module 6004, a data acquisition instrument

CR3000 6005, a data center server 6006, and an uninterruptible power supply 6007. 6001 and

6002 are mounted at an unobstructed place outdoors, 6001 is connected to C1 and C2 serial

channels of 6005 through a serial cable, 6002 is connected to an antenna interface of 6003

through an antenna spy tube, 6003 is connected to a serial port 2 of a server of 6006, and a

serial channel line of 6005 is connected to a serial port 1 of 6006. 6004 provides 12 V direct

current for 6001, 6003, and 6005, and 6007 provides 220 V uninterrupted alternating current

for 6005. LoggerNet software is installed on the data center server 6006. The software has a

1 built-in Iridium satellite communication protocol. A server can be remotely connected to a

buoy Iridium satellite terminal through corresponding preset values, so as to perform data

communication. Specific steps for setting are shown as follows.

Step 1, the LoggerNet software is used for setting up a buoy Iridium satellite terminal

3002 and a shore station Iridium satellite terminal 6003, and same setting instruements are

written to the two Iridium satellite terminals through serial ports: AT&F SO=1 &DO +IPR=5,

0 VO &RO &WO &Y. AT+CSQ is used for testing the signal strength of an Iridium satellite

after the setting is completed. If a returned value is greater than 0, it means the setting is

successful.

Step 2, the LoggerNet software is used for setting a buoy side data acquisition

instrument 3005, CR3000 is selected in a Datalogger list, and a communication port is set to

RS232, a communication baud rate is set to 9600 bps, and a check interval is set to 65534 in

sequence.

Step 3, the LoggerNet software itself is set. First, a ComPort_1 layer is selected, and a

communication port is set in this layer and COM Iis selected. First, a Generic layer is selected,

a communication baud rate is set to 9600 bps in this layer, a maximum allowable online time

is 20 minutes, and a maximum transmission data packet length is 1000 bytes. a dial script

command is written at Dial Script: T" m" "ATV1&D0&K0^m" R"OK"1200 "ATDT00

XXXXXXXXXXXX(m" R"CONNECT"50000, where XXXXXXXXXXXX should be filled

with an Iridium satellite terminal card number to be dialed. Further, an end script command is

written at End Script: T"+++" R"OK"1200 "ATHAm" R"OK"2000. Further, in a ParkBusPort

layer, a maximum online time is set to 10 minutes, and next a response time is set to 59 seconds.

Further, a periodic data acquisition interval is set to 30 minutes in a CR3000 layer, a second try

interval is set to 1 hour, a number of times of attempts is set to 5, and downloaded data tables

are set to Bulk.dat and Adp.dat.

The foregoing is only a specific implementation case of the present invention, and does

not limit the present invention in any form. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and

modifications made to the foregoing embodiments based on the technical essence of the present

invention fall in the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention. It should be

understood that these embodiments are only used for illustrating the present invention, but not

for the limitation of the scope of the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that

after reading the teachings of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various

changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms also fall in the

scope defined by the appended claims of this application.

In some cases, a single embodiment may, for succinctness and/or to assist in understanding

the scope of the disclosure, combine multiple features. It is to be understood that in such a case, these multiple features may be provided separately (in separate embodiments), or in any other suitable combination. Alternatively, where separate features are described in separate embodiments, these separate features may be combined into a single embodiment unless otherwise stated or implied. This also applies to the claims which can be recombined in any combination. That is a claim may be amended to include a feature defined in any other claim.

Further a phrase referring to "at least one of' a list of items refers to any combination of those

items, including single members. As an example, "at least one of: a, b, or c" is intended to

cover: a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, and a-b-c.

The reference to any prior art in this specification is not, and should not be taken as, an

acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that such prior art forms part of the common

general knowledge.

It will be understood that the terms "comprise" and "include" and any of their derivatives

(e.g. comprises, comprising, includes, including) as used in this specification, and the claims

that follow, is to be taken to be inclusive of features to which the term refers, and is not meant

to exclude the presence of any additional features unless otherwise stated or implied.

Claims (10)

1. An ocean-atmosphere coupled real-time observation buoy system based on Beidou and

Iridium satellite communications, comprising an ocean-atmosphere coupled observation sensor

unit, a data acquisition and communication control unit, an anchoring unit, a buoy body

platform, a power supply unit, and a data processing center, wherein

the ocean-atmosphere coupled observation sensor unit, the data acquisition and

communication control unit, and the power supply unit are all mounted on the buoy body

platform; the power supply unit is respectively connected to the ocean-atmosphere coupled

observation sensor unit and the data acquisition and communication control unit to provide

power for working of the ocean-atmosphere coupled observation sensor unit and the data

acquisition and communication control unit;

the buoy body platform is configured to be placed in the ocean, and a bottom of the buoy

body platform is mounted to the anchoring unit through connection, such that the buoy platform

is anchoredin the ocean;

the ocean-atmosphere coupled observation sensor unit comprises:

a block method flux measuring module, configured to measure an ocean-atmosphere

interface block parameter to calculate a sensible heat flux, a latent heat flux, and a momentum

flux;

an eddy correlation method flux measuring module, configured to measure a turbulence

pulsation signal to calculate a covariance of temperature pulsation, water vapor concentration

pulsation, carbon dioxide concentration pulsation, and vertical wind speed pulsation on line in

real time, so as to obtain the momentum flux, the sensible heat flux, the latent heat flux, and a

carbon dioxide flux;

a sea skin surface temperature measuring module, configured to measure sea temperatures

and pressure data at different depths; and an upper layer ocean current profile measuring module, configured to measure an ocean current parameter; the data acquisition and communication control unit is connected to the ocean-atmosphere coupled observation sensor unit, and is configured to acquire and receive data measured by the ocean-atmosphere coupled observation sensor unit, and transmit the acquired data to the data processing center by means of complementary Beidou and Iridium satellite communications, wherein Beidou satellite communication is used for transmitting data with high security and low data transmission flow, and Iridium is configured to transmit data with low security and high data transmission flow; and the data processing center is configured to receive data transmitted by the data acquisition and communication control unit, and parse, store, graphically display, and distribute the data, wherein the data acquisition instrument comprises 4 threads: thread 1, thread 2, thread 3, and thread 4, wherein a scanning frequency of thread 1 is 10 Hz to achieve data acquisition, attitude correction, and flux calculation correction of the eddy correlation method flux measurement module; a scanning interval of thread 2 is 10 seconds to achieve data acquisition, statistical analysis, and table storage of the block method flux measuring module; a scanning interval of thread 3 is 30 minutes to regularly read data from the sea skin surface temperature measuring module and the upper layer ocean current profile measuring module, and parse, make statistics of, and store the data; and thread 4 is a Beidou thread to send data to the data processing center in the format of Beidou protocol.

2. The ocean-atmosphere coupled real-time observation buoy system based on Beidou and

Iridium satellite communications according to claim 1, wherein the buoy body platform

comprises a buoy body, a buoy tower mounted on the buoy tower, and a sealed cabin, wherein

a Beidou communication all-in-one machine, an Iridium satellite antenna, the eddy correlation

flux measuring module, the block method flux measuring module, a solar panel, a buoy wind wing panel, an anchor light, and a radar reflector are mounted on the buoy tower; and a signal plug-in panel is on the top of the sealed cabin, a data acquisition and communication cabin is in the middle of the sealed cabin, and a battery cabin is at the bottom of the sealed cabin.

3. The ocean-atmosphere coupled real-time observation buoy system based on Beidou and

Iridium satellite communications according to claim 1, wherein the block method flux

measuring module comprises a comprehensive weather station, an infrared temperature sensor,

and a four-component radiometer, wherein the comprehensive weather station measures a wind

speed, a wind direction, relative humidity, an atmospheric pressure, precipitation, and an

atmospheric temperature; the infrared temperature sensor is configured to measure a sea skin

temperature; and the four-component radiometer is configured to measure upward shortwave

radiation, downward shortwave radiation, upward longwave radiation, downward longwave

radiation, and net radiation.

4. The ocean-atmosphere coupled real-time observation buoy system based on Beidou and

Iridium satellite communications according to claim 2, wherein the eddy correlation method

flux measuring module comprises an all-in-one eddy correlator, a signal conversion unit, and

an inertial attitude measuring unit, wherein the all-in-one eddy correlator is mounted on the top

of the buoy tower through a cross arm and points to a direction opposite to a direction of the

buoy wind wing panel; the signal conversion unit and the attitude measuring unit are mounted

together in a sealed box that is fixed on the top of the buoy tower through a fixing member; the

attitude measuring unit comprises a three-axis inclination IMU and a magnetic compass; and

the attitude measuring unit records three-dimensional swaying attitude data of the buoy at a

high sampling frequency of 10 Hz, wherein the data is configured to correct a three

dimensional ultrasonic wind speed and obtain a true three-dimensional wind speed in a natural

geographic coordinate system.

5. The ocean-atmosphere coupled real-time observation buoy system based on Beidou and

Iridium satellite communications according to claim 2 , wherein the sea skin surface

temperature measuring module is a temperature measuring rod comprising a temperature

measuring portion, wherein the temperature measuring portion is arranged vertically at a set

interval by multiple sets of thermosensitive probes, and 1 pressure probe is mounted side by

side on each thermosensitive probe to measure a water depth synchronously; the temperature

measuring rod is fixedly pressed on the buoy body through a mounting bracket to acquire

temperature and pressure data in a length direction of the temperature measuring rod

periodically at a set time interval; and the uppermost end of the mounting bracket is mounted

to a place 20 cm above a waterline of the buoy body.

6. The ocean-atmosphere coupled real-time observation buoy system based on Beidou and

Iridium satellite communications according to claim 1, wherein the upper layer ocean current

profile measuring module is a 400 Khz ultrasonic flow velocity profile measuring instrument,

and according to ocean-atmosphere interface observation requirements, a working mode of the

upper layer ocean current profile measuring module is set as follows: a measurement blind area

is 0.5 m, a thickness of a layer is 7 m, a number of measured layers is 10 layers, an interval of

measurement is 30 minutes, each measurement time is 3 minutes, and a working status of the

flow velocity profile measuring instrument and the ten-layer flow velocity, a flow direction,

and echo signal strength data are output in the form of an ASCII code.

7. The ocean-atmosphere coupled real-time observation buoy system based on Beidou and

Iridium satellite communications according to claim 1, wherein the power supply unit is a solar

power supply unit, comprising a solar panel, a photovoltaic controller, and a storage battery,

wherein an output terminal of the solar panel is connected to a photovoltaic terminal of the

photovoltaic controller, and an output terminal of the storage battery is connected to a battery

terminal of the photovoltaic controller, and when the photovoltaic controller monitors that a

battery voltage is lower than a set value, the photovoltaic controller cuts off power output of a load terminal thereof.

8. The ocean-atmosphere coupled real-time observation buoy system based on Beidou and

Iridium satellite communications according to claim 1, wherein the data acquisition and

communication control unit comprises a CR3000 data acquisition instrument, a Beidou all-in

one machine, an Iridium satellite antenna, and an Iridium satellite terminal.

9. The ocean-atmosphere coupled real-time observation buoy system based on Beidou and

Iridium satellite communications according to claim 1, wherein the data with high transmission

security and low data transmission flow comprises a transmission wind speed, a wind direction,

an atmospheric temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, an atmospheric pressure, a sea

surface temperature, four-component radiation, a 10-layer profile flow velocity, a flow

direction, and GPS of 0-70 meters, a buoy attitude, a system voltage, and a temperature of the

sealed cabin; and the data with low transmission security and high data transmission flow

comprises an 0-1.0 meter sea surface temperature and a deep profile, and high-frequency

turbulence of an eddy correlation system.

10. The ocean-atmosphere coupled real-time observation buoy system based on Beidou

and Iridium satellite communications according to claim 2, wherein the anchoring unit is an S

shaped anchoring unit, comprising a counterweight anchor chain, wherein an upper end of the

counterweight anchor chain is fixedly connected to a bottom center of the buoy body through

a shackle, and a lower end thereof is fixedly connected to afirst polypropylene cable through

a shackle, the other end of the first polypropylene cable is fixedly connected to a ballasting

anchor chain of the polypropylene cable through a shackle, the other end of the ballasting

anchor chain of the polypropylene cable is fixedly connected to one end of a second

polypropylene cable through a shackle, the other end of the second polypropylene cable is

fixedly connected to a top end of a pressure-resistant floating ball group through a shackle, a

bottom end of the pressure-resistant floating ball group is fixedly connected to one end of a third polypropylene cable through a shackle, the other end of the third polypropylene cable is fixedly connected to one end of a fourth polypropylene cable through a shackle, the other end of the fourth polypropylene cable is fixedly connected to one end of a fifth polypropylene cable through a shackle, and the other end of the fifth polypropylene cable is fixedly connected to a

Hall anchor.