AU2018413679B2 - Method for auxiliary tunneling by means of freezing shaft-sinking carbon dioxide phase change cracking and device therefor - Google Patents

Method for auxiliary tunneling by means of freezing shaft-sinking carbon dioxide phase change cracking and device therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
AU2018413679B2
AU2018413679B2 AU2018413679A AU2018413679A AU2018413679B2 AU 2018413679 B2 AU2018413679 B2 AU 2018413679B2 AU 2018413679 A AU2018413679 A AU 2018413679A AU 2018413679 A AU2018413679 A AU 2018413679A AU 2018413679 B2 AU2018413679 B2 AU 2018413679B2
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circle
drill holes
shaft
fracturing
oriented
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AU2018413679A1 (en
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Shuliang CHEN
Bingxiang HUANG
Luying SHAO
Xinglong ZHAO
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Xuzhou Usure Mining Technology Co Ltd
China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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Xuzhou Usure Mining Technology Co Ltd
China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D1/00Sinking shafts
    • E21D1/10Preparation of the ground
    • E21D1/12Preparation of the ground by freezing
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D1/00Sinking shafts
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21CMINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C37/00Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
    • E21C37/06Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole
    • E21C37/14Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole by compressed air; by gas blast; by gasifying liquids
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/001Improving soil or rock, e.g. by freezing; Injections
    • E21D9/002Injection methods characterised by the chemical composition used

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosed is a directional CO

Description

ASSISTED TUNNELING METHOD AND DEVICE BASED ON
CO2 PHASE CHANGE FRACTURING IN FREEZING SHAFT SINKING
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of freeze shaft sinking construction in coal mining, and particularly relates to an assisted tunnelling method and device based onCO 2 phase change fracturing in freeze shaft sinking.
BACKGROUND
[0002] A vertical shaft generally penetrates through two parts, namely surface soil and bed rock, and as for the construction technology, because the surrounding rock conditions are different and have respective characteristics, the safety of a project is mainly considered for selection of a surface soil construction scheme, while construction progress is mainly considered for bed rock construction. When the vertical shaft penetrates through the surface soil, because the surface soil is soft, relatively poor in stability, contains water generally, and directly bears the load of a shaft collar, surface soil construction is relatively complicated, and becomes a key project of vertical shaft construction in most cases. It is of great significance to correctly select a surface soil construction scheme and a construction method, and ensure that the vertical shaft safely and rapidly passes the surface soil layer and smoothly transfers to bed rock layer construction. To ensure that the vertical shaft safely penetrates through the surface soil layer, a freezing method is generally adopted to perform surface soil construction. Before shaft tunneling, freezing holes are drilled at the periphery of the shaft, a manual refrigerating method is adopted to freeze the unstable surface soil layer and weathered layer at the periphery of the shaft into a closed freezing circle to prevent water and drift sand from flowing into the shaft and resist ground pressure, and then the shaft is tunneled and built under the protection of the freezing circle. After tunneling and building to a preset depth, freezing is stopped, and pipe pulling and filling operations are performed. The most ideal moment for excavation is that the freezing wall has already been formed but not frozen to be within the scope of the shaft. At the moment, tunneling is convenient to perform, and also the accidents of water inrush and sand overflow cannot occur. However, it is hard to keep an ideal state in an actual construction process, and the whole shaft is often completely frozen. For the frozen soil excavation, an air pick or a drilling blasting method is generally adopted for construction, but after the construction with the air pick or the drill and blasting method is adopted for shaft strengthened freezing, the hardness of the frozen soil section is great, the labor intensity of workers is great by adopting air pick construction, and the shaft construction is slow; because the shaft wall is low in temperature, reaching a dozen degree below zero, the explosive misfire rate is high and potential safety hazard exists by adopting the drilling blasting method for construction.
[0003] A conventional CO2 phase change generator is of a cylinder structure, and comprises a liquid storage pipe, an air inflation head and an energy discharge head; the liquid storage pipe has a hollow chamber, the first end of the liquid storage pipe is connected with the first end of the air inflation head; a heat generation module is also provided in the first end of the liquid storage pipe, and is used for heating liquid CO 2
in the liquid storage pipe to be changed to gaseous CO 2 ; a liquid injection hole and an air inflation valve are provided on the air inflation head; the first end of the air inflation head connects with the hollow chamber of the liquid storage pipe, so that the liquid CO2 enters the hollow chamber of the liquid storage pipe via an air inflation channel of the liquid injection hole; the air inflation valve is used for opening and closing the air inflation channel of the liquid injection hole; the energy discharge head is of a pipe shape, and is in tight connection with the second end of the liquid storage pipe; and two symmetrically distributed energy discharge openings are formed in the outer wall of the energy discharge head, so that the gaseous CO 2 is inflated into pre-fractured holes in the drill holes via the energy discharge holes. The CO 2 phase change generator is large in energy discharge holes, and the phase angle of the energy discharge holes is 180 degrees. Therefore, the CO 2 phase change generator is inconvenient to use in the shaft tunneling construction.
SUMMARY
[0004] According to a first aspect, there is provided an assisted tunneling method based on CO 2 phase change fracturing in freeze shaft sinking, comprising the following steps:
Si: in the freeze shaft sinking process, after a shaft is frozen, drilling outer-circle drill holes at the outer periphery of a shaft tunneling working plane, drilling inner-circle drill holes at the inner periphery of the shaft tunneling working plane, and drilling center drill holes at the center of the shaft tunneling working plane, wherein the quantity of the outer-circle drilling holes is 8 or more, and the outer-circle drill holes are distributed on an outer circle which is a concentric circle with the cross section of the shaft at an equal distance; the quantity of the inner-circle drill holes is 6 or more, the inner-circle drill holes are distributed on an inner circle which is a concentric circle with the cross section of the shaft at an equal distance; and the quantity of the center drill holes is 1 or more;
S2: respectively putting oriented CO2 fracturing devices into the outer-circle drill holes, with the phase angle of the oriented energy discharge openings at two side of n -2 the energy discharge head of the oriented CO 2 fracturing device being -180,
wherein n is equal to the quantity of the outer-circle drill holes, oriented energy discharge openings at two sides of the energy discharge head of each oriented CO 2
fracturing device respectively face adjacent oriented CO2 fracturing devices, and the common CO 2 fracturing devices are respectively put into the inner-circle drill holes;
S3: connecting the oriented CO 2 fracturing devices in the outer-circle drill holes in series, and connecting the common CO 2 fracturing devices in the inner-circle drill holes in series; and
S4: after sealing with mud, first detonating the oriented CO 2 fracturing devices in the outer-circle drill holes and then detonating the common CO 2 fracturing devices in the inner-circle drill holes. Energy released at the moment of CO 2 phase change breaks through frozen soil to cause the frozen soil to generate cracks, then a large amount of gaseous CO2 lifts cracked frozen soil by the gas lift effect, so that the frozen soil is sufficiently cracked. The oriented CO2 fracturing devices in the outer-circle drill holes guide energy to release along oriented energy discharge openings, and detonation cannot cause disturbance to the shaft wall structure at the outer side of the shaft. After the detonation, the outer-circle drill holes form connecting weak planes, and the whole outer-circle drill holes form a protective circle. When the detonation is performed in the inner-circle drill holes, the protective circle formed by the outer-circle drill holes cuts off propagation of detonation energy to the shaft wall, so that disturbance to the shaft wall is reduced. Meanwhile, the center drill holes, as the energy discharge holes, guide shock wave produced in the detonation to crack the frozen soil.
[0010] In one form, totally 12 outer-circle drill holes are provided, and are distributed on an outer circle with a diameter of 2.9 m at an equal distance; totally 8 inner-circle drill holes are provided, and are distributed on an inner circle with a diameter of 1.9 m; and 2 center drill holes are provided.
[0011] In one form, the hole depths of the outer-circle drill holes, the inner-circle drill holes and the center drill holes are all 1 m.
[0012] In one form, an angle between the oblique center of the outer-circle drill holes and a horizontal direction is 60 degrees, and an angle between the oblique center of the inner-circle drill holes and the horizontal direction is 45 degrees.
[0013] The present disclosure has the following beneficial effects: in the freeze shaft sinking construction, the CO2 phase change fracturing technology is adopted to replace a conventional construction method, the defect of high explosive ordnance disposal risk after misfire of conventional explosive detonation is overcome, the tunneling speed is high, and the labor intensity of the workers is small; because the oriented CO2 fracturing devices in the outer-circle drill holes are detonated first and then the common CO 2 fracturing devices in the inner-circle drill holes are detonated, the oriented energy discharge openings of the oriented CO 2 fracturing devices in the outer-circle drill holes guide the energy caused by phase change fracturing to release along the oriented energy discharge holes, and the detonation cannot disturb the cylinder wall structure at the outer side of the shaft; after the oriented CO 2 fracturing devices in the outer-circle drill holes are detonated, the outer-circle drill holes form connecting weak planes, the whole outer-circle drill holes form a protective circle, and when the CO 2 fracturing devices in the inner-circle drill holes are detonated, the protective circle formed by the outer-circle drill holes cuts off propagation of energy caused by phase change fracturing of the inner-circle drill holes to the shaft wall, and then disturbance to the shaft wall structure is reduced.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0014] Fig. 1 is a structure diagram of an energy discharge head of an oriented CO 2 fracturing device described in embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 of the present invention.
[0015] Fig. 2 is a cross section view of the energy discharge head of the oriented CO 2
fracturing device described in embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 of the present invention.
[0016] Fig. 3 is a drill hole location planar graph of the assisted tunnelling method and device based on CO 2 phase change fracturing in freeze shaft sinking described in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
[0017] Fig. 4 is a drill hole location profile map of the assisted tunnelling method and device based on CO 2 phase change fracturing in freeze shaft sinking described in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
[0018] In the above Fig. 1 to Fig. 4, 1, '-oriented energy discharge opening; 2-inside energy discharge opening; 3-outer-circle drill hole; 4-inner-circle drill hole; 5-center drill hole; 6-outer circle; and 7-inner circle.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0019] Further description of the present invention is made by referring to the accompanying drawings below.
Embodiment 1
[0020] As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, an oriented CO 2 fracturing device is provided. Compared with a conventional CO 2 fracturing device, the oriented CO 2 fracturing device comprises two rows of energy discharge openings 1, ' distributed at two sides of an energy discharge head of the oriented CO 2 fracturing device in the axis direction, n -2 and the phase angle of the two rows of energy discharge openings 1, ' is -180°,
where n>8. The quantity of the energy discharge openings in each row of oriented energy discharge openings is 10, the distance between the energy discharge openings in each row of energy discharge openings is 2 mm, and the aperture of the energy discharge openings is 3 mm.
[0021] During use, n oriented CO2 fracturing devices are distributed on one circle at an equal distance, oriented energy discharge openings at two sides of the energy discharge head of each CO 2 fracturing device respectively face adjacent oriented CO 2 fracturing devices, and then connecting lines of the n oriented CO 2 fracturing devices form a regular n-sided polygon.
[0022] During detonation, the two rows of energy discharge openings 1, ' of the oriented CO2 fracturing devices guide the energy caused by phase change fracturing to release in the direction of the energy discharge openings 1, 1'. After the detonation, the oriented CO 2 fracturing devices form connecting weak planes, and the weak planes form a circle.
[0023] As shown in Fig. 2, three rows of inside energy discharge openings 2 may also be distributed between the two rows of energy discharge openings 1, ', and during use, the inside energy discharge openings 2 face the center of the regular n-sided polygon. During detonation, the inside energy discharge openings 2 may also guide the energy caused by phase change fracturing to release in an oriented way to the inner side of the regular n-sided polygon.
Embodiment 2
[0024] As shown in Figs. 1 to 4, in the freeze shaft sinking process, after a shaft is frozen, outer-circle drill holes 3 are drilled at the outer periphery of the shaft tunneling working plane, inner-circle drill holes 4 are drilled at the inner periphery of the shaft tunneling working plane, and center drill holes 5 are drilled at the center of the shaft tunneling working plane. The quantity of the outer-circle drill holes 3 is 12, the outer-circle drill holes 3 are distributed on an outer circle 6 which is a concentric circle with the cross section of the shaft and has a diameter of 2.9 m at an equal distance, and the connecting lines of the 12 oriented CO 2 fracturing devices form a regular dodecagon. The quantity of the inner-circle drill holes 4 is 8, the inner-circle drill holes 4 are distributed on an inner circle 7 which is a concentric circle with the cross section of the shaft and has a diameter of 1.9 m at an equal distance, and the quantity of the center drill holes 5 is 2. An angle between the oblique center of the outer-circle drill holes 3 and a horizontal direction is 60 degrees, and an angle between the oblique center of the inner-circle drill holes 4 and the horizontal direction is 45 degrees. The hole depths of the outer-circle drill holes 3, the inner-circle drill holes 4 and the center drill holes 5 are all 1 m.
[0025] The oriented CO2 fracturing devices in embodiment 1 are respectively put into 12 outer-circle drill holes 3, the phase angle of the oriented energy discharge openings
1, ' at two sides of the energy discharge head of the oriented CO 2 fracturing device is 150 degrees. Oriented energy discharge openings 1, ' at two sides of each energy discharge head of the oriented CO 2 fracturing device respectively face adjacent oriented CO2 fracturing devices, and then the common CO 2 fracturing devices are respectively put into the inner-circle drill holes.
[0026] The oriented CO2 fracturing devices in the outer-circle drill holes 3 are connected in series, and the common CO 2 fracturing devices in the inner-circle drill holes 4 are connected in series. After sealing with mud, the oriented CO 2 fracturing devices in the outer-circle drill holes 3 are detonated first and then the common CO 2
fracturing devices in the inner-circle drill holes 4 are detonated.
[0027] Within 20 ms, pressure at the moment of CO 2 phase change exceeds 270 MPa, so as to break through the frozen soil to cause the frozen soil to generate cracks. The volume at the moment of CO 2 phase change expands by approximately 600 times, and the cracked frozen soil is lifted by the gas lift effect in a limited space, so that the frozen soil is sufficiently cracked. The oriented CO 2 fracturing devices in the outer-circle drill holes 3 guide the energy to release along oriented energy discharge openings 1, ', and detonation cannot cause disturbance to the shaft wall structure at the outer side of the shaft, meanwhile, the inside energy discharge openings 2 guide the energy caused by phase change fracturing to release in an oriented way to the inside of the shaft, so as to crack the frozen soil between the outer circle 6 and the inner circle 7. After the detonation, the outer-circle drill holes 3 form connecting weak planes, and the weak planes connect together to form a protective circle.
[0028] When the common CO2 fracturing devices in the inside drill holes 4 are detonated, the protective circle formed by the outer-circle drill holes 5 cuts off propagation of detonation energy to the shaft wall, so as to reduce disturbance to the shaft wall. Meanwhile, the center drill holes 5, as the energy discharge holes, guide shock wave produced during detonation to crack the frozen soil.
[0028] Throughout the specification and the claims that follow, unless the context requires otherwise, the words "comprise" and "include" and variations such as "comprising" and "including" will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or group of integers, but not the exclusion of any other integer or group of integers.
[0029] The reference to any prior art in this specification is not, and should not be taken as, an acknowledgement of any form of suggestion that such prior art forms part of the common general knowledge.
[0030] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention is not restricted in its use to the particular application described. Neither is the present invention restricted in its preferred embodiment with regard to the particular elements and/or features described or depicted herein. It will be appreciated that the invention is not limited to the embodiment or embodiments disclosed, but is capable of numerous rearrangements, modifications and substitutions without departing from the scope of the invention as set forth and defined by the following claims.

Claims (4)

CLAIMS What is claimed is:
1. An assisted tunnelling method based on CO 2 phase change fracturing in freeze shaft sinking, comprising the following steps:
SI: in a freeze shaft sinking process, after a shaft is frozen, drilling outer-circle drill holes at the outer periphery of a shaft tunneling working plane, drilling inner-circle drill holes at the inner periphery of the shaft tunneling working plane, and drilling center drill holes at the center of the shaft tunneling working plane, wherein the quantity of the outer-circle drilling holes is 8 or more, and the outer-circle drill holes are distributed on an outer circle which is a concentric circle with the cross section of the shaft at an equal distance; the quantity of the inner-circle drill holes is 6 or more, and the inner-circle drill holes are distributed on an inner circle which is a concentric circle with the cross section of the shaft at an equal distance; and the quantity of the center drill holes is 1 or more;
S2: respectively putting oriented CO2 fracturing devices into the outer-circle drill holes, with the phase angle of oriented energy discharge openings at two sides of an n.-180= energy discharge head of the oriented CO 2 fracturing device being n wherein n is equal to the quantity of the outer-circle drill holes, the oriented energy discharge openings at two sides of the energy discharge head of each oriented CO 2
fracturing device respectively face adjacent oriented CO2 fracturing devices, and the common CO2 fracturing devices are respectively put into the inner-circle drill holes;
S3: connecting the oriented CO 2 fracturing devices in the outer-circle drill holes in series, and connecting the common CO 2 fracturing devices in the inner-circle drill holes in series; and
S4: after sealing with mud, first detonating the oriented CO 2 fracturing devices in the outer-circle drill holes and then detonating the common CO 2 fracturing devices in the inner-circle drill holes.
2. The assisted tunnelling method based on CO 2 phase change fracturing in freeze shaft sinking according to claim 1, wherein the quantity of the outer-circle drill holes is 12, and the outer-circle drill holes are distributed on an outer circle with a diameter of 2.9 m at an equal distance; the quantity of the inner-circle drill holes is 8, and the inner-circle drill holes are distributed on an inner circle with a diameter of 1.9 m at an equal distance; and the quantity of the center drill holes is 2.
3. The assisted tunnelling method based on CO 2 phase change fracturing in freeze shaft sinking according to claim 2, wherein the hole depths of the outer-circle drill holes, the inner-circle drill holes and the center drill holes are all 1 m.
4. The assisted tunnelling method based on CO 2 phase change fracturing in freeze shaft sinking according to claim 8, wherein an angle between the oblique center of the outer-circle drill holes and a horizontal direction is 60 degrees, and an angle between the oblique center of the inner-circle drill holes and the horizontal direction is 45 degrees.
AU2018413679A 2018-03-12 2018-11-02 Method for auxiliary tunneling by means of freezing shaft-sinking carbon dioxide phase change cracking and device therefor Ceased AU2018413679B2 (en)

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CN201810199300.5A CN108625859B (en) 2018-03-12 2018-03-12 A kind of freeze-wellboring carbon dioxide phase transformation fracturing auxiliary driving method and its device
PCT/CN2018/113603 WO2019174264A1 (en) 2018-03-12 2018-11-02 Method for auxiliary tunneling by means of freezing shaft-sinking carbon dioxide phase change cracking and device therefor

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CN110578516B (en) * 2019-08-07 2023-03-21 重庆交通大学 Supercritical CO 2 Method for testing rock mass impact cracking damage under phase change pulse
CN110823006B (en) * 2019-11-28 2021-12-28 重庆交通大学 Carbon dioxide cracking device for civil engineering blasting
CN112066816A (en) * 2020-10-17 2020-12-11 方莹 Directional fracturing pipe for realizing directional fracturing through directional fracturing groove
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