AU2015376023B2 - Effective tilling promoter and effective tilling promoting method - Google Patents

Effective tilling promoter and effective tilling promoting method Download PDF

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AU2015376023B2
AU2015376023B2 AU2015376023A AU2015376023A AU2015376023B2 AU 2015376023 B2 AU2015376023 B2 AU 2015376023B2 AU 2015376023 A AU2015376023 A AU 2015376023A AU 2015376023 A AU2015376023 A AU 2015376023A AU 2015376023 B2 AU2015376023 B2 AU 2015376023B2
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superheated steam
yeast
treated
phosphoric acid
microbial material
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Takashi Hamasaki
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Asahi Group Holdings Ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • A01N63/30Microbial fungi; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
    • A01N63/32Yeast
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/06Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/26Phosphorus; Compounds thereof

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Virology (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

[Problem] To provide novel technology by which effective tilling can be promoted. [Solution] Provided is an effective tilling promoter which comprises the product of a super-heated steam treatment of microbial materials, such product obtained by subjecting a mixture comprising yeast, yeast extract or yeast cell walls, phosphoric acid or a phosphoric acid compound, and potassium or a potassium compound to a super-heated steam treatment.

Description

PRODUCTIVE TILLERING-PROMOTING AGENT AND METHOD OF PROMOTING
PRODUCTIVE TILLERING
Technical Field [0001]
The present disclosure relates to a productive tillering-promoting agent that is used to treat rice etc. to be able to promote productive tillering, thereby increasing crop yield. Background Art [0002]
After rice seedlings etc . are planted, vegetative growth first proceeds and enters the tillering stage in which new stems grow from the roots of the seedlings . Then reproductive growth proceeds, which includes, in the following order, the young ear formation stage, the booting stage, the heading and flowering stage, and the ripening stage, and ears of rice ripen and can be harvested.
The development of stems in the tillering stage is classified into productive tillering and non-productive tillering. Among the tillers developed, the productive tillers are stems that undergo reproductive growth to form ears with seeds. The non-productive tillers are stems that do not form ears after their development or form ears with no seeds.
As the number of productive tillers increases, the number of seeds per plant increases. Therefore, the productive tillers are one of the factors that have a large influence on increase and decrease
12154739_1 (GHMatters) P105056.AU in crop yield.
[0003]
In order to promote productive tillering to increase crop yield, attempts have been made to use fertilizers and growth regulators such as plant hormones, but the effects of the use of these agents are not sufficient.
[0004]
A reducing fertilizer produced using a brewer's yeast etc. is known (for example, Patent Literature 1) . This reducing fertilizer is configured, for example, in a form containing a superheated steam-treated microbial material, and the superheated steam-treated microbial material can be obtained by, for example, subjecting a mixture containing phosphoric acid, potassium, and a yeast, an extract of the yeast, or a cell wall of the yeast to superheated steam treatment (hydrothermal reaction treatment). Patent Literature 1 describes that the use of the reducing fertilizer can promote growth of the roots of fruit trees and enlargement of fruits .
Citation List
Patent Literature [0005]
Patent Literature 1: WO2013/094235
Summary of the Disclosure [0006]
As described above, the effects of the use of fertilizers and
12154739_1 (GHMatters) P105056.AU growth regulators are not sufficient to promote productive tillering in the tillering stage.
It may be desirable for an embodiment of the disclosed method and material to provide a novel technique capable of promoting productive tillering.
[0007]
The present inventor has conducted extensive studies on a technique capable of promoting productive tillering. As a result of the studies, the present inventor has found that the number of productive tillers can be increased by treating rice etc. with the superheated steam-treated microbial material disclosed in Patent Literature 1. The above-described effect of promoting productive tillering is not disclosed in Patent Literature 1.
[0008]
The present disclosure is summarized as follows.
In an embodiment, a productive tillering-promoting agent contains a superheated steam-treated microbial material obtained by subjecting a mixture containing a yeast, an extract of a yeast or a cell wall of a yeast, phosphoric acid or a phosphoric acid compound, and potassium or a potassium compound to superheated steam treatment.
In an embodiment, provided is a method of promoting productive tillering, including treating a gramineous plant with a superheated steam-treated microbial material obtained by subjecting a mixture containing a yeast, an extract of a yeast or a cell wall of a yeast,
12154739_1 (GHMatters) P105056.AU phosphoric acid or a phosphoric acid compound, and potassium or a potassium compound to superheated steam treatment.
In an embodiment, the gramineous plant is treated by foliar application of the superheated steam-treated microbial material.
In an embodiment, the gramineous plant is rice, wheat, barley, rye or oat.
In an embodiment, the gramineous plant is treated with the superheated steam-treated microbial material in a tillering stage.
In an embodiment, the gramineous plant is treated with the superheated steam-treated microbial material in a productive tillering stage.
In an embodiment, the gramineous plant is paddy rice, and the method comprises treating the paddy rice cultivated and planted at 10,000 to 23, 000 plants per 10a with the superheated steam-treated microbial material in an amount of 10 ml to 1,000 ml per 10 a.
An embodiment uses a superheated steam-treated microbial material obtained by subjecting a mixture containing a yeast, an extract of a yeast or a cell wall of a yeast, phosphoric acid or a phosphoric acid compound, and potassium or a potassium compound to superheated steam treatment, in the treatment for promoting productive tillering of a gramineous plant.
The the gramineous plant may be treated by foliar application of the superheated steam-treated microbial material. The gramineous plant may be rice, wheat, barley, rye or oat. The gramineous plant maybe treated with the superheated steam-treated microbial material
12154739_1 (GHMatters) P105056.AU in a tillering stage. The gramineous plant may be treated with the superheated steam-treated microbial material in a productive tillering stage.A first aspect provides a method of promoting productive tillering, comprising treating a gramineous plant with a superheated steam-treated microbial material obtained by subjecting a mixture containing a yeast, an extract of a yeast or a cell wall of a yeast, phosphoric acid or a phosphoric acid compound, and potassium ora potassium compound to superheated steam treatment, wherein the superheated steam treatment is performed at a pressure of 0.9 MPa or higher and 1.9 MPa or lower and at 150°C or higher and 210°C or lower.
A second aspect provides use of a superheated steam-treated microbial material obtained by subjecting a mixture containing a yeast, an extract of a yeast or a cell wall of a yeast, phosphoric acid or a phosphoric acid compound, and potassium or a potassium compound to superheated steam treatment, in the treatment for promoting productive tillering of a gramineous plant wherein the superheated steam treatment is performed at a pressure of 0.9 MPa or higher and 1.9 MPa or lower and at 150°C or higher and 210°C or lower.
[0009]
According to an embodiment of the disclosed method, a novel technique capable of promoting productive tillering can be provided. Brief Description of Drawings
12154739_1 (GHMatters) P105056.AU [0010]
FIG. 1 is a graph in Test Example 2 showing a crop yield in a section treated with a productive tillering-promoting agent in an Example and a crop yield in an untreated section.
FIG. 2 is a photograph in Test Example 3 showing an example of plants cultivated in a section treated with the productive tillering-promoting agent in the Example and an example of plants cultivated in an untreated section.
Description of Embodiments [0011]
One embodiment of the dislcosed method and material will be described in detail.
A productive tillering-promoting agent in this embodiment is configured to contain a superheated steam-treated microbial material. The superheated steam-treated microbial material can be obtained by subjecting a mixture containing a yeast, an extract of a yeast or a cell wall of a yeast, phosphoric acid or a phosphoric acid compound, and potassium or a potassium compound to superheated steam treatment (hydrothermal reaction treatment).
[0012]
The superheated steam-treated microbial material is disclosed in Patent Literature 1 above etc. and can be produced, for example, using known materials according to a method disclosed in Patent Literature 1.
In the present description, the superheated steam treatment
12154739_1 (GHMatters) P105056.AU (hydrothermal reaction treatment) is a method including generating superheated steam by heating and pressurization to change physical properties of an object by the influence of the superheated steam. The temperature is preferably 120°C or higher and 220°C or lower, and more preferably 150° or higher and 210°C or lower. The pressure is preferably 0.9 MPa or higher and 1.9 MPa or lower, and more preferably 1.2 MPa or higher and 1.8 MPa or lower. Particularly, the hydrothermal reaction treatment performed at a pressure of 0.9 MPa or higher and 1.9 MPa or lower and at 120° or higher and 220°C or lower is preferred, and the hydrothermal reaction treatment performed at 0.9 MPa or higher and 1.9 MPa or lower and at 150°C or higher and 210°C or lower is more preferred. The hydrothermal reaction treatment performed at 1.2 MPa or higher and 1.8 MPa or lower and at 150° or higher and 210°C or lower is still more preferred.
No particular limitation is imposed on the yeast, the extract of the yeast, and the cell wall of the yeast. They may be derived from at least one selected from the group consisting of brewer's yeast slurries, pressed brewer's yeasts, dry brewer's yeasts, brewer's yeast suspensions, dry yeast cell walls, yeast cell wall suspensions and brewer's yeast-containing inorganic materials.
Phosphoric acid or a phosphoric acid compound may be used alone, or a mixture of two or more types thereof may be used. The phosphoric acid compound used may be any phosphoric acid compound known as a component of a fertilizer. Specifically, various soluble and citric acid-soluble fertilizers may be used, and examples of such
12154739_1 (GHMatters) P105056.AU fertilizers may include : calcium superphosphate obtainedby treating rock phosphate with sulfuric acid to solubilize phosphoric acid;
triple superphosphate; and fused phosphate fertilizers in the form of a mixture; and calcined phosphate fertilizers in the form of a mixture .
Potassium ora potassium compound maybe used alone, or a mixture of two or more types thereof may be used. The potassium compound used may be any potassium compound known as a fertilizer, and specific examples thereof may include potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium hydroxide and potassium nitrate.
No particular limitation is imposed on the mixing ratio of the yeast, the extract of the yeast or the cell wall of the yeast, phosphoric acid or the phosphoric acid compound, and potassium or the potassium compound, and the person skilled in the art can be appropriately set the mixing ratio. For example, more than 0 parts by weight and 135 parts by weight or less of phosphoric acid or the phosphoric acid compound and more than 0 parts by weight and 100 parts by weight or less of potassium or the potassium compound can be used relative to 100 parts by weight the yeast, the extract of the yeast, or the cell wall of the yeast.
[0013]
No particular limitation is imposed on the usage of the productive tillering-promoting agent in this embodiment. For example, a gramineous plant such as rice may be treated at least once with the productive tillering-promoting agent in this
12154739_1 (GHMatters) P105056.AU embodiment before the tillering stage or during the tillering stage (when the number of true leaves is 6 to 10). The tillering stage includes a productive tillering stage (when the number of true leaves is 6 to 8) and a non-productive tillering stage (when the number of true leaves is 9 to 10) . It is preferable to perform the treatment with the productive tillering-promoting agent in this embodiment in the productive tillering stage, because the number of productive tillers can be further increased to thereby increase the crop yield.
No particular limitation is imposed on the method of the treatment. From the viewpoint of the efficiency of farm work, it is preferable to treat gramineous plants by foliar application. For paddy rice, it is preferable to use treatment in which the productive tillering-promoting agent is poured into a paddy sluice.
No particular limitation is imposed on the amount for the treatment. For example, when foliar application is used, the productive tillering-promoting agent (undiluted solution) in this embodiment may be administered in an amount within the range of 10 ml to 1,000 ml per 10 a at a dilution factor of 1 to 10,000. Preferably, the undiluted solution is administered in an amount within the range of 40 ml to 400 ml at a dilution factor of 50 to 1,000.
No particular limitation is imposed on the gramineous plant treated with the productive tillering-promoting agent in this embodiment, and the person skilled in the art may be appropriately set the gramineous plant. Examples of the gramineous plant may
12154739_1 (GHMatters) P105056.AU include rice and wheat variety such as wheat, barley, rye, and oat.
The rice may be any of paddy rice and upland rice. When paddy rice is used, the number of plants per 10 a is generally 10,000 to 23, 000 .
[0014]
With the productive tillering-promoting agent in this embodiment, the number of productive tillers of the treated gramineous plant such as rice can be increased. Therefore, effects such as an increase in the number of ears per plant, improvement of ripening (an increase in the number of fertile grains and a reduction in sterile rate) , and an increase in thousand-kernel weight can be obtained, so that the crop yield can be increased.
When a gramineous plant such as rice is treated with the superheated steam-treated microbial material according to this embodiment, rooting (rootlets) is promoted, and the amount of fertilizer absorbed thereby increases. In addition, effects such as a reduction in lodging can be obtained. Therefore, the crop yield of the treated gramineous plant such as rice can be increased. [Examples] [0015]
Embodiments of the disclosed method and material will be described more specifically by way of Examples below, but the disclosure is not limited thereto.
[0016] [Production of productive tillering-promoting agent in Example]
A productive tillering-promoting agent containing a
12154739_1 (GHMatters) P105056.AU superheated steam-treated microbial material in an Example was produced as follows.
First, a magnetic stirring type hydrothermal reaction pot was charged with 570 kg of yeast cell walls and 3,230 kg of a liquid fertilizer adjusted to contain 8% by weight of phosphoric acid and 7% by weight of potassium to obtain a solution mixture . The solution mixture was heated under stirring to fill the reaction pot with steam. Then a lid was put on the reaction pot, and the reaction pot was heated at a temperature of 170°C and a pressure of 0.95 MPa to obtain 3,800 kg of a productive tillering-promoting agent as a superheated steam-treated microbial material.
[0017] [Test Example 1]
Three test sections including (1) a test section in which a 0.3% solution of the productive tillering-promoting agent in the Example was sprayed to paddy rice (type: indica rice OM4900), (2) a test section in which a 0.3% solution of Vipac 88 was sprayed to paddy rice (type: indica rice OM4900), and (3) a test section in which no promoting agent was sprayed to paddy rice (type: indica rice OM4900) were set. In each test section, foliar application in an amount of 40 L per 10 a was performed over the entire aerial parts of plants 28 days and 50 days after rice planting. The Vipac 88 (a-Naphthyl Acetic Acid (a-N.A.A), b-Naphthoxy Acetic Acid (β-Ν.Α.Α)) is a traditional plant growth regulator and is one type of auxin.
12154739_1 (GHMatters) P105056.AU
2015376023 28 Feb 2020
The day that is 28 days after the rice planting corresponds to the productive tillering stage, and the day that is 50 days after the rice planting corresponds to the booting stage.
The paddy rice treated as described above was cultivated.
Ninety days after the rice planting, the crop yield in each of the test sections was estimated from a one-tsubo area. The results are shown in TABLE 1.
[0018] [TABLE 1]
TOTAL CROP YIELD (t/ha) NUMBER OF EARS (EARS/m2) THOUSAND -KERNEL WEIGHT (g) NUMBER OF RIPENED GRAINS (GRAINS /20 EARS) NUMBER OF GRAINS PER EAR (GRAINS /20 EARS) PERCENTAGE OF RIPENED GRAINS (%) DEGREE OF LODGING
PRODUCTIVE TILLERING- PROMOTING AGENT 7.73 a 480 24.90 1746 2729 63.98 2
Vipac88 6.60 b 430 24.56 1349 2415 55.86 2
UNTREATED 5.40 o 396 23.84 1039 2334 46.51 4
*The total crop yield was determined by repeating a crop yield survey three times.
Different letters, a, b, and c, indicate significant differences p < 0.05 *The degree of lodging was evaluated in the following five grades.
1: hard trees, completely healthy
2: relatively healthy trees, most trees still standing
3: most trees leaning
4: weak trees, mostly fallen tree j_q 5: very weak trees, all trees have fallen [0019]
As a result of the foliar application of the productive tillering promoting agent, the total crop yield increased (by a factor of 1.43), the number of ears increased (by a factor of 1.21), the thousand-kernel weight increased (by a factor of 1.04), the number of ripened grains increased (by a factor of 1.68) , the number of grains per ear increased (by a factor of 1.22) , and the percentage of ripened grains increased (by a factor of 1.38) .
12154739_t (GHMatters) P105056.AU
In addition, root spreading was good, and robust main stems were obtained, so that the degree of lodging was reduced (the degree of lodging was 2).
[0020] [Test Example 2]
Two test sections including (1) a test section in which a 0.1% solution of the productive tillering-promoting agent in the Example was sprayed to paddy rice (type: japonica rice HAENUKI) and (2) a test section in which no promoting agent was sprayed to paddy rice (type: japonica rice HAENUKI) were set. Specifically, the foliar application of the productive tillering-promoting agent in an amount of 200 L per 10 a (about 20,000 plants) was performed over the entire aerial parts of plants in the productive tillering stage (the number of true leaves: 6 to 10). Immediately before harvesting, the average number of ears per plant was examined by a standing crop survey. After the harvesting, the products were sent to a rice center to examine the total crop yield, the ratio of abortive rice kernels (the amount of abortive rice kernels per 10 a) , and the ratio of first grade rice (the amount of first grade rice per 10 a) . The abortive rice kernels are kernels passing through a 1.8 to 2 mm sieve . The first grade rice is rice not passing through the above sieve and is classified as first grade rice, which is the highest grade rice, in a grade examination performed on the basis of the quality of lowland non-glutinous brown rice and lowland glutinous brown rice defined by the Ministry of Agriculture and
12154739_1 (GHMatters) P105056.AU
Fisheries .
The results are shown in FIG. 1.
[0021]
As can be seen from FIG. 1, as a result of the foliar application of the productive tillering-promoting agent, the total crop yield increased (by a factor of 1.56), and the number of ears increased (by a factor of 1.64 ) . The number of abortive rice kernels decreased, and the amount of first grade rice increased, so that the quality was improved.
[0022] [Test Example 3]
Two test sections including (1) a test section in which a 0.1% solution of the productive tillering-promoting agent was sprayed to paddy rice (type: black rice SAYOMURASAKI) and (2) a test section in which no promoting agent was sprayed to paddy rice (type: black rice SAYOMURASAKI) were set. For the test section (1), the foliar application of the productive tillering-promoting agent in an amount of 500 L per 10 a (about 12,000 plants) was performed over the entire aerial parts of plants 30 days and 100 days after rice planting. The day that is 30 days after the rice planting corresponds to the productive tillering stage to the non-productive tillering stage, and the day that is 100 days after the rice planting corresponds to the heading stage.
[0023]
After harvesting, the roots were lifted and examined. As shown
12154739_1 (GHMatters) P105056.AU in FIG. 2, the amount of rooting (the amount of rootlets) and the number of tillers were large in the section (1) (treated section) . The roots were white, and their healthy state was maintained. In the section (1), as a result of the foliar application of the productive tillering-promoting agent, the total crop yield increased by a factor of 1.13 (the section treated with the productive tillering-promoting agent: 329.7 kg/10 a, the non-sprayed section: 292.6 kg/10 a).
[0024]
It is to be understood that, if any prior art publication is referred to herein, such reference does not constitute an admission that the publication forms a part of the common general knowledge in the art, in Australia or any other country. In the claims which follow and in the preceding description, except where the context requires otherwise due to express language or necessary implication, the word comprise or variations such as comprises or comprising is used in an inclusive sense, i.e. to specify the presence of the stated features but not to preclude the presence or addition of further features in various embodiments.

Claims (14)

1. A method of promoting productive tillering, comprising treating a gramineous plant with a superheated steam-treated microbial material obtained by subjecting a mixture containing a yeast, an extract of a yeast or a cell wall of a yeast, phosphoric acid or a phosphoric acid compound, and potassium or a potassium compound to superheated steam treatment, wherein the superheated steam treatment is performed at a pressure of 0.9 MPa or higher and 1.9 MPa or lower and at 150°C or higher and 210°C or lower.
2 . The method of promoting productive tillering according to claim
1, wherein the gramineous plant is treated by foliar application of the superheated steam-treated microbial material.
3 . The method of promoting productive tillering according to claim
1 or 2, wherein the gramineous plant is rice, wheat, barley, rye or oat.
4 . The method of promoting productive tillering according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the gramineous plant is treated with the superheated steam-treated microbial material in a tillering stage .
5. The method of promoting productive tillering according to any
12154739_1 (GHMatters) P105056.AU one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the gramineous plant is treated with the superheated steam-treated microbial material in a productive tillering stage.
6 . The method of promoting productive tillering according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the superheated steam-treated microbial material is obtained by subjecting a mixture containing a yeast or a cell wall of a yeast, phosphoric acid or a phosphoric acid compound, and potassium or a potassium compound to the superheated steam treatment.
7 . The method of promoting productive tillering according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the superheated steam-treated microbial material is obtained by subjecting a mixture containing a cell wall of a yeast, phosphoric acid or a phosphoric acid compound, and potassium or a potassium compound to the superheated steam treatment.
8 . Use of a superheated steam-treatedmicrobialmaterial obtained by subjecting a mixture containing a yeast, an extract of a yeast or a cell wall of a yeast, phosphoric acid or a phosphoric acid compound, and potassium or a potassium compound to superheated steam treatment, in the treatment for promoting productive tillering of a gramineous plant wherein the superheated steam treatment is performed at a pressure of 0.9 MPa or higher and 1.9 MPa or lower and at 150°C or
12154739_1 (GHMatters) P105056.AU
9. The use of the superheated steam-treated microbial material according to claim 8, wherein the gramineous plant is treated by foliar application of the superheated steam-treated microbial material.
higher and 210°C or lower.
10. The use of the superheated steam-treated microbial material according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the gramineous plant is rice, wheat, barley, rye or oat.
11. The use of the superheated steam-treated microbial material according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the gramineous plant is treated with the superheated steam-treated microbial material in a tillering stage.
12. The use of the superheated steam-treated microbial material according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the gramineous plant is treated with the superheated steam-treated microbial material in a productive tillering stage.
13. The use of the superheated steam-treated microbial material according to any one of claims 8 to 12, wherein the superheated st earn-treated microbial material is obtained by subjecting a mixture containing a yeast or a cell wall of a yeast, phosphoric acid or
12154739_1 (GHMatters) P105056.AU a phosphoric acid compound, and potassium or a potassium compound to the superheated steam treatment.
2015376023 28 Feb 2020
14. The use of the superheated steam-treated microbial material
5 according to any one of claims 8 to 12, wherein the superheated st earn-treated microbial material is obtained by subjecting a mixture containing a cell wall of a yeast, phosphoric acid or a phosphoric acid compound, and potassium or a potassium compound to the superheated steam treatment.
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