AU2012281061B2 - Methods for treating inflammation and hypertension with gamma-ketoaldehyde skavengers - Google Patents
Methods for treating inflammation and hypertension with gamma-ketoaldehyde skavengers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU2012281061B2 AU2012281061B2 AU2012281061A AU2012281061A AU2012281061B2 AU 2012281061 B2 AU2012281061 B2 AU 2012281061B2 AU 2012281061 A AU2012281061 A AU 2012281061A AU 2012281061 A AU2012281061 A AU 2012281061A AU 2012281061 B2 AU2012281061 B2 AU 2012281061B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- alkoxy
- compound
- treating
- inflammation
- hydroxy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/62—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
- C07D213/63—One oxygen atom
- C07D213/65—One oxygen atom attached in position 3 or 5
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/13—Amines
- A61K31/135—Amines having aromatic rings, e.g. ketamine, nortriptyline
- A61K31/137—Arylalkylamines, e.g. amphetamine, epinephrine, salbutamol, ephedrine or methadone
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
- A61P17/06—Antipsoriatics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/12—Antihypertensives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C215/00—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C215/46—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of at least one six-membered aromatic ring and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton
- C07C215/48—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of at least one six-membered aromatic ring and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton with amino groups linked to the six-membered aromatic ring, or to the condensed ring system containing that ring, by carbon chains not further substituted by hydroxy groups
- C07C215/50—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of at least one six-membered aromatic ring and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton with amino groups linked to the six-membered aromatic ring, or to the condensed ring system containing that ring, by carbon chains not further substituted by hydroxy groups with amino groups and the six-membered aromatic ring, or the condensed ring system containing that ring, bound to the same carbon atom of the carbon chain
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C217/00—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C217/54—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of at least one six-membered aromatic ring and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton
- C07C217/56—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of at least one six-membered aromatic ring and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton with amino groups linked to the six-membered aromatic ring, or to the condensed ring system containing that ring, by carbon chains not further substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms
- C07C217/58—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of at least one six-membered aromatic ring and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton with amino groups linked to the six-membered aromatic ring, or to the condensed ring system containing that ring, by carbon chains not further substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms with amino groups and the six-membered aromatic ring, or the condensed ring system containing that ring, bound to the same carbon atom of the carbon chain
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
- Rheumatology (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201161506848P | 2011-07-12 | 2011-07-12 | |
| US61/506,848 | 2011-07-12 | ||
| PCT/US2012/046549 WO2013010034A2 (en) | 2011-07-12 | 2012-07-12 | Methods for treating inflammation and hypertension with gamma-ketoaldehyde skavengers |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU2012281061A1 AU2012281061A1 (en) | 2014-02-20 |
| AU2012281061B2 true AU2012281061B2 (en) | 2017-08-03 |
Family
ID=47506934
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2012281061A Active AU2012281061B2 (en) | 2011-07-12 | 2012-07-12 | Methods for treating inflammation and hypertension with gamma-ketoaldehyde skavengers |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (4) | US10975033B2 (https=) |
| EP (1) | EP2731597B1 (https=) |
| JP (1) | JP6280033B2 (https=) |
| KR (2) | KR102050700B1 (https=) |
| CN (2) | CN103796648B (https=) |
| AU (1) | AU2012281061B2 (https=) |
| BR (1) | BR112014000810A8 (https=) |
| CA (1) | CA2844150C (https=) |
| ES (1) | ES2970814T3 (https=) |
| HU (1) | HUE065757T2 (https=) |
| MX (1) | MX383365B (https=) |
| PL (1) | PL2731597T3 (https=) |
| WO (1) | WO2013010034A2 (https=) |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20130018478A (ko) * | 2011-08-09 | 2013-02-25 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 신규한 구조의 이차전지 팩 |
| US11400103B2 (en) | 2015-12-21 | 2022-08-02 | Vanderbilt University | Methods of preventing platelet activation |
| US10166248B1 (en) | 2015-12-21 | 2019-01-01 | Vanderbilt University | Methods of preventing platelet activation |
| AU2017293846B2 (en) * | 2016-07-06 | 2022-03-17 | Vanderbilt University | Use of scavengers of reactive gamma-ketoaldehydes to extend cell lifespan and healthspan |
| CN110022936A (zh) * | 2016-07-07 | 2019-07-16 | 范德比尔特大学 | 用γ-酮醛清除剂预防和治疗心房颤动/扑动 |
| EP3510014B1 (en) * | 2016-09-06 | 2026-04-29 | Metabolic Technologies, Inc. | Compositions and methods of use of gamma-ketoaldehyde scavengers for treating, preventing or improving nash or ald |
| WO2018048937A1 (en) * | 2016-09-07 | 2018-03-15 | Atea Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | 2'-substituted-n6-substituted purine nucleotides for rna virus treatment |
| PL3541185T3 (pl) * | 2016-11-15 | 2024-08-12 | Vanderbilt University | Zastosowanie 2-hydroksybenzyloaminy w leczeniu i zapobieganiu nadciśnieniu płucnemu |
| US11389414B2 (en) | 2017-04-27 | 2022-07-19 | Vanderbilt University | Methods for treating atherosclerosis with gamma-ketoaldehyde scavengers |
| US20210023032A1 (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2021-01-28 | Mti Biotech, Inc. | Compositions and methods of use of gamma-ketoaldheyde scavengers for treating, preventing or improving fibrosis of the liver |
| AU2018330416B2 (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2024-09-26 | Mti Biotech, Inc. | Compositions and methods of use of gamma-ketoaldehyde scavengers for treating, preventing or improving fibrosis of the liver |
| CN109836341B (zh) * | 2017-11-28 | 2021-08-27 | 江阴技源药业有限公司 | 一种水杨胺醋酸盐的制备方法 |
| US20200197323A1 (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2020-06-25 | Vanderbilt University | Methods for suppressing accumulation of reflux-induced protein adducts |
| JP2023512225A (ja) * | 2020-01-27 | 2023-03-24 | ヴァンダービルト ユニバーシティー | ミトコンドリア標的イソケタール/イソレブグランジンスカベンジャー及びその使用 |
| CN118652245B (zh) * | 2024-08-21 | 2024-11-12 | 首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院 | 一种化合物及其应用 |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3740439A (en) * | 1968-06-24 | 1973-06-19 | Ciba Geigy Corp | Treating hypertension with beta-aminoalkane carboxylic acids |
| US3794734A (en) * | 1971-03-03 | 1974-02-26 | Merck & Co Inc | Methods of treating edema and hypertension using certain 2-aminoethylphenols |
| US4123537A (en) * | 1977-05-26 | 1978-10-31 | Merck & Co., Inc. | 2-Halo-4-aminomethyl-6-alkyl-3-pyridinols useful as diuretics in treating hypertension and edema |
| US6043259A (en) * | 1998-07-09 | 2000-03-28 | Medicure Inc. | Treatment of cardiovascular and related pathologies |
| WO2002036109A2 (en) * | 2000-11-02 | 2002-05-10 | University Of South Carolina | Use of pyridoxamine for the treatment and inhibition of obesity-related complications |
| WO2003045338A1 (en) * | 2001-11-27 | 2003-06-05 | Yu Ruey J | Compositions comprising phenyl-glycine derivatives |
| US20050090553A1 (en) * | 1992-06-30 | 2005-04-28 | Shapiro Howard K. | Compositions and method for treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases |
| US7705054B1 (en) * | 2004-10-20 | 2010-04-27 | Vanderbilt University | Method of preventing and/or treating oxidant injury in neurodegenerative and oxidative diseases |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8178516B2 (en) * | 1992-06-30 | 2012-05-15 | Sylvan Labs, LLC | Compositions and method for treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases |
| CA2219944A1 (en) | 1995-05-19 | 1996-11-21 | Miho Kobayashi | 2-hydroxyphenylalkylamine derivatives and maillard reaction inhibitors |
| JP5547637B2 (ja) * | 2007-10-05 | 2014-07-16 | インデックス・ファーマシューティカルズ・アクチエボラーグ | 浮腫を治療または軽減するための新規な化合物およびその使用方法 |
| KR100973343B1 (ko) * | 2008-02-01 | 2010-07-30 | 롯데칠성음료주식회사 | 기호성이 우수한 혼합차 조성물 및 그 제조방법 |
| CN101305759B (zh) * | 2008-06-19 | 2011-09-07 | 成都大学 | 一种苦荞保健茶及其制备方法 |
| CN101843671A (zh) * | 2009-03-25 | 2010-09-29 | 王文祥 | 苦荞托毒丸及其制备方法 |
| WO2011008202A1 (en) * | 2009-07-15 | 2011-01-20 | Vanderbilt University | Isoketal scavengers and mitigation of disorders involving oxidative injury |
| CN101606986A (zh) * | 2009-07-29 | 2009-12-23 | 李钢 | 一种具有降糖作用的组合物及其药物 |
-
2012
- 2012-07-12 MX MX2014000515A patent/MX383365B/es unknown
- 2012-07-12 CA CA2844150A patent/CA2844150C/en active Active
- 2012-07-12 CN CN201280044440.6A patent/CN103796648B/zh active Active
- 2012-07-12 JP JP2014520341A patent/JP6280033B2/ja active Active
- 2012-07-12 HU HUE12811030A patent/HUE065757T2/hu unknown
- 2012-07-12 KR KR1020197016572A patent/KR102050700B1/ko active Active
- 2012-07-12 PL PL12811030.1T patent/PL2731597T3/pl unknown
- 2012-07-12 EP EP12811030.1A patent/EP2731597B1/en active Active
- 2012-07-12 AU AU2012281061A patent/AU2012281061B2/en active Active
- 2012-07-12 KR KR1020147003650A patent/KR20140050661A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2012-07-12 US US14/232,615 patent/US10975033B2/en active Active
- 2012-07-12 BR BR112014000810A patent/BR112014000810A8/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2012-07-12 CN CN201910951171.5A patent/CN111494352A/zh active Pending
- 2012-07-12 WO PCT/US2012/046549 patent/WO2013010034A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2012-07-12 ES ES12811030T patent/ES2970814T3/es active Active
-
2021
- 2021-04-13 US US17/229,593 patent/US20210261508A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2024
- 2024-10-16 US US18/917,789 patent/US20250214939A1/en active Pending
- 2024-10-16 US US18/917,759 patent/US20250034093A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3740439A (en) * | 1968-06-24 | 1973-06-19 | Ciba Geigy Corp | Treating hypertension with beta-aminoalkane carboxylic acids |
| US3794734A (en) * | 1971-03-03 | 1974-02-26 | Merck & Co Inc | Methods of treating edema and hypertension using certain 2-aminoethylphenols |
| US4123537A (en) * | 1977-05-26 | 1978-10-31 | Merck & Co., Inc. | 2-Halo-4-aminomethyl-6-alkyl-3-pyridinols useful as diuretics in treating hypertension and edema |
| US20050090553A1 (en) * | 1992-06-30 | 2005-04-28 | Shapiro Howard K. | Compositions and method for treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases |
| US6043259A (en) * | 1998-07-09 | 2000-03-28 | Medicure Inc. | Treatment of cardiovascular and related pathologies |
| WO2002036109A2 (en) * | 2000-11-02 | 2002-05-10 | University Of South Carolina | Use of pyridoxamine for the treatment and inhibition of obesity-related complications |
| WO2003045338A1 (en) * | 2001-11-27 | 2003-06-05 | Yu Ruey J | Compositions comprising phenyl-glycine derivatives |
| US7705054B1 (en) * | 2004-10-20 | 2010-04-27 | Vanderbilt University | Method of preventing and/or treating oxidant injury in neurodegenerative and oxidative diseases |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| DAVIES, S. S. et al., "Pyridoxamine and analogues scavenge lipid-derived ¿-ketoaldehydes and protect against H202-mediated cytotoxicity", Biochemistry. 2006, vol. 45, no. 51, pages 15756-15767 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| HUE065757T2 (hu) | 2024-06-28 |
| US20250034093A1 (en) | 2025-01-30 |
| US20250214939A1 (en) | 2025-07-03 |
| MX383365B (es) | 2025-03-13 |
| JP6280033B2 (ja) | 2018-02-14 |
| ES2970814T3 (es) | 2024-05-30 |
| WO2013010034A2 (en) | 2013-01-17 |
| US20210261508A1 (en) | 2021-08-26 |
| EP2731597C0 (en) | 2023-12-20 |
| CA2844150C (en) | 2019-09-03 |
| JP2014524918A (ja) | 2014-09-25 |
| KR102050700B1 (ko) | 2019-11-29 |
| CA2844150A1 (en) | 2013-01-17 |
| CN111494352A (zh) | 2020-08-07 |
| MX2014000515A (es) | 2014-03-27 |
| US10975033B2 (en) | 2021-04-13 |
| EP2731597A4 (en) | 2015-04-08 |
| EP2731597B1 (en) | 2023-12-20 |
| EP2731597A2 (en) | 2014-05-21 |
| WO2013010034A3 (en) | 2013-03-28 |
| KR20190069607A (ko) | 2019-06-19 |
| PL2731597T3 (pl) | 2024-04-29 |
| CN103796648B (zh) | 2019-10-25 |
| KR20140050661A (ko) | 2014-04-29 |
| CN103796648A (zh) | 2014-05-14 |
| BR112014000810A2 (pt) | 2017-06-13 |
| US20140256774A1 (en) | 2014-09-11 |
| AU2012281061A1 (en) | 2014-02-20 |
| BR112014000810A8 (pt) | 2022-11-29 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US20250214939A1 (en) | Method for treating inflammation and hypertension with gamma-ketoaldehyde skavengers | |
| JP7655693B2 (ja) | 神経変性障害を治療するための腸内微生物叢の制御 | |
| US20200062712A1 (en) | Aldehyde trapping compounds and uses thereof | |
| CN103037692B (zh) | 用于抑制肌萎缩的方法 | |
| CN109640967B (zh) | 抑制胆碱向三甲胺(tma)的转化的方法 | |
| US20250312338A1 (en) | Treatment of neurological disorders | |
| JP2019108376A (ja) | ヒストンアセチルトランスフェラーゼ活性剤の使用 | |
| TW202337456A (zh) | Gm2神經節苷脂症之治療 | |
| JP7805052B2 (ja) | 神経変性、筋変性及びリソソーム蓄積障害を治療するための組成物及び方法 | |
| EP2535049A1 (en) | Tadalafil for the treatment of dementia | |
| US8541435B2 (en) | Niacin compositions for reduction of amyloid beta peptide 42 (abeta 42) production and for treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) | |
| US20130338199A1 (en) | Novel Niacin Compositions for Reduction of Amyloid Beta Peptide 42 (AB42) Production and for Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease | |
| WO2013051266A1 (ja) | タウ凝集阻害剤 | |
| HK1191859A (en) | Methods for treating inflammation and hypertension with gamma-ketoaldehyde skavengers | |
| HK1191859B (en) | Methods for treating inflammation and hypertension with gamma-ketoaldehyde skavengers | |
| HK40023703A (en) | Methods for treating inflammation and hypertension with gamma-ketoaldehyde skavengers | |
| WO2010110440A1 (ja) | 新規認知機能障害治療剤 | |
| JP2016204303A (ja) | 抗健忘症用組成物 | |
| US12139505B2 (en) | Compositions useful in therapy of autophagy-related pathologies, and methods of making and using the same | |
| JP2025513458A (ja) | ヨーグルト中の生体活性分子 | |
| US20210369680A1 (en) | Methods of treating diseases and disorders resulting from beta coronavirus infection | |
| CN122003408A (zh) | 具有新型环结构的三唑化合物、其制备方法及其用途 | |
| KR20150137822A (ko) | 도네페질을 유효성분으로 포함하는 발프로산으로 유도된 자폐 범주성 장애 예방 또는 치료용 조성물 | |
| AU2021214090A1 (en) | Mitochondria-targeted isoketal/isolevuglandin scavengers and uses thereof |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FGA | Letters patent sealed or granted (standard patent) |