AU2009250200A1

AU2009250200A1 - Automated drilling and bolt setting device comprising separate carriages

Info

Publication number: AU2009250200A1
Application number: AU2009250200A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Helmut Heisterkamp
Original assignee: GTA MASHCHINENSYSTEME GmbH
Current assignee: GTA MASHCHINENSYSTEME GmbH
Priority date: 2008-05-20
Filing date: 2009-05-08
Publication date: 2009-11-26
Also published as: ZA201007467B; CN102037213A; EA201001804A1; EA018534B1; DE102008024365A1; EP2304179A1; CN102037213B; WO2009140943A1; PL2304179T3; EP2304179B1

Description

DESCRIPTION Automated drilling and bolt setting device comprising separate carriages The invention relates to a device for setting a rock bolt, comprising a drilling carriage arranged on a carriage support. 5 Such devices are used as part of the support structure in the tunnelling, mining or underground construction industry. The bolts perform various functions as a tension element, to improve the load-bearing effect of the mountain, in the context of attaching supporting arches or to prevent transverse shifts in the stone. Common forms include anchoring in one step or in three steps. In the first 10 mentioned case, the adhesive-filled self-drilling bolt is placed into the rock in just one operating step. Besides the high price of such a self-drilling bolt, one disadvantage is the fact that percussion drilling is not possible with this technique. In the three-step method, boreholes are first created separately. The adhesive is then manually pushed into the borehole; the bolt is then manually placed onto the 15 drilling carriage once the drill rod has been removed. In the third step, the bolt rod is pushed into the bolt hole by means of the forward movement of the drill. With simultaneous rotation of the drill rod by means of the drilling motor, the adhesive that has previously been pushed in is swirled around and is distributed in the borehole. The manual operations in this case often and largely take place in the 20 unsecured area. This technique can be considerably improved by using combined drilling and bolt setting devices which have both a drilling/percussion unit for creating the holes and also a bolt setting unit for setting the bolts. Such a device is known for example from EP 0 470 061. In said document, the drilling/percussion unit is pushed forwards over the carriage by a slide and moved back once the 25 holes have been created. A changeover then takes place in such a way that an arm is moved and the bolt setting unit is displaced transversely onto the slide so that the bolt comes into alignment with the borehole. At the same time, the drilling/percussion unit is displaced transversely into its rest position. The slide with the bolt setting unit is then pushed forwards on the carriage towards the rock in 30 order to be able to set the bolt. Once this has been done, the bolt setting unit is moved back and a new operating cycle can commence. With such a device it is ./2 -2 already possible to achieve a considerable weight saving, combined with a greater drilling progress. However, one disadvantage is the still relatively high manual and machine effort during the changeover of the device between the drilling mode and the bolt setting mode and a device which is too broad and bulky in particular for 5 use in cramped conditions. The drilling and bolt setting device according to US 2003/0066665 has also proved to be disadvantageous in this regard. Here, the drilling and bolt setting unit are arranged on an equal footing in a manner offset by 1800 relative to one another. However, the changeover between the drilling position and the bolt setting position can be achieved only with great effort and 10 further disadvantages arise in connection with the size of the components. For instance, the bolt setting components must be of suitably large size, which is problematic with regard to the manufacturing and operating costs but also with regard to the cramped space conditions in which such devices are used. The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a particularly compact 15 device for setting a rock bolt, which manages with a minimum of components. This object is achieved in that the carriage support has a separately driven bolt setting carriage which is smaller in size than the drilling carriage and is offset by approximately 900. The device according to the invention thus has as it were a main carriage and an 20 auxiliary carriage. While the first-mentioned is. responsible for the drilling function and is appropriately bulky and has components of appropriately large size, such as the rotary and/or percussion unit and the slide, the bolt setting carriage together with its components is relatively small and is designed only for the specific purpose of the bolt setting mode. In this case, the drilling device and bolt setting 25 device have different drives which can be driven on different paths at different speed. Even the type of drive may be different. If necessary, individual components and accessories, such as supply tubes, may be formed separately from one another. All this moreover leads to the fact that the pivot angle between the drilling position and the bolt setting position can be relatively small, so that a 30 particularly compact and versatile device which can be used in a wide range of conditions is provided. There is moreover no need for manual operations in the danger zone when an injection bolt or a bolt with integrated adhesive technology is -3 used. Also to be understood in this regard is the proposal according to which the device is equipped with a pivoting mechanism, via which the carriage support can be moved between a drilling position and a bolt setting position. This pivoting 5 mechanism is for example a hydraulic cylinder oriented transversely to the drilling axis. Via said mechanism, the drilling and bolt setting carriage can be pivoted back and forth between their respective parked position and the position in the drilling axis, while taking up only a minimum of space. One particular variant of the invention provides that the carriage support is formed 10 in two parts and that the pivoting mechanism is provided between an upper part and a lower part of the carriage support. The first-mentioned part includes in particular the drilling and bolt setting carriage, while the last-mentioned part includes the connection to a vehicle and the carriage adjuster and the fixing to the mountain. Provided between the upper and lower part of the carriage support is 15 the pivoting mechanism which allows a pivotability of the upper part of the carriage support about an axis parallel to the drilling axis. In this connection, it is proposed that a mandrel is arranged at the front end of the lower part of the carriage support. Said mandrel protrudes forwards beyond the actual device in the direction of the working face. The relatively small carriage 20 approaches the drilling position. The mandrel ensures that the appropriate contact pressure can be applied to the working face so that the carriages are fixed/remain on the working face during the drilling and subsequent pivoting in order to set the bolt. In addition to this, it is provided for the drilling process that the lower part of the 25 carriage support is equipped with a carriage adjuster. This is in particular a hydraulic cylinder and a corresponding guide for linear displacement of the carriage support in order to fix the carriage more easily to the working face. In addition, the handling of the carriage support according to the invention can be improved if the upper part of the carriage support is attached to the carriage by 30 sliding guides. As a result, the carriage is displaceable by means of cylinders and is thus telescopic, as a result of which longer drill rods and/or bolts can be -4 introduced by the device according to the invention. One particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the bolt setting carriage is flanged onto the side of the carriage support. Due to the bulky nature of such a carriage support, there is in any case sufficient space here to 5 provide the bolt setting carriage. The carriages have a double-T profile or a U shaped profile, so that they can be suitably connected to one another. It has already been pointed out that one significant advantage of the invention is to be seen in the compactness of the device and specifically in the parts of the device responsible for bolt setting. This is also expressed by the fact that the bolt 10 setting carriage is approximately 50% to 75% of the size of the drilling carriage. This leads to savings in terms of space, but in particular also in terms of the configuration of the drives. For instance, separate mechanisms can be provided for drilling and for bolt setting, which can be brought about at different speeds, optionally also with drives of different types. Apart from a smaller pivot angle for 15 the device as such, the relatively small forward movement components for the bolt setting mode also provide an additional length of path on the carriage, so that larger bolt lengths can be achieved. The deeper borehole required for this is additionally made possible by the telescopic design of the carriage support. In this regard, it is also advantageous that the slide of the bolt setting carriage is 20 smaller than the slide of the drilling carriage. Additional space can also be obtained as a result, which is then available during the setting of the bolt or can be used for a possible bolt magazine. Finally, the forces necessary for setting the bolt are also much smaller than is the case during drilling, for instance in connection with the additional percussion mechanism. Space can thus also be saved here. 25 This effect can be further increased if a space-saving drive is also selected for the bolt setting device. This is accompanied by the proposal that the bolt setting unit of the bolt setting carriage is smaller than the rotary and/or percussion unit of the drilling carriage. The more compact design of the bolt setting carriage requires a small slide for 30 moving the bolt setting unit and also a small bolt setting unit per se. While it is provided that the drilling carriage has a hydraulic cylinder as the drive, it -5 is additionally provided that the bolt setting carriage has as its own separate drive a hydraulic cylinder with a cable drive and/or a motor with a chain drive. The appropriate component can be selected depending on requirements and depending on the demand in terms of speed and force. The chain drive in 5 particular is characterised by relatively low costs. Since the entire carriage support has to be pivoted back and forth between the drilling position and the bolt setting position, it is useful if the drilling carriage and the bolt setting carriage are equipped with separate guides for drill rods and respectively bolts in order not to lose any unnecessary time during the 10 changeover. There is thus no need for special pivoting hydraulics for the drill rod guides for the pivoting-out of the drill rod, since the drill rod remains positioned in the separate carriage during the setting of the bolt. In addition, usually one guide is also sufficient for the bolt setting mode, which guide is to be positioned at the front end of the carriage, while the provision of a steady rest, which can optionally travel 15 at half-speed, is advantageous beforehand for the drilling mode. Another embodiment of the invention provides that the device is equipped with a removable, gripper-like guide apparatus for the bolt rod, which depending on the use situation is attached to the pivotable part of the carriage support/carriage or to the stationary mandrel. If, depending on the requirements (collapse of the 20 borehole when the drill rod is pulled out), the injection bolt is used as a drill rod with a lost drill bit, one of the two guides must be able to be opened and closed hydraulically and must, as a so-called gripper device (holding of drill/bolt rod), fix the drilled-in bolt rod at the end, outside the borehole. In order that the drilled bolt remains fixed even when the injection pincers are pivoted inwards, the gripper 25 device must preferably be attached to the mandrel of the lower part of the carriage support. The gripper and the mandrel are preferably provided with appropriate attachment possibilities for both use situations, so that a changeover, depending on the use situation, can take place within a few minutes. In order not to have to extend the hydraulic supply to the gripper cylinder during 30 the changeover of the gripper, it is advantageous to have the same position of the gripper at the end of the carriage in both use situations. Since the bolt should not protrude too far outwards from the borehole, the position on the gripper is such -6 that it possibly cannot grip the bolt. To this end, the bolt rod would have to be pulled back approximately 100 mm with the hammer drill prior to separation. In order to avoid this, it is useful to shorten the mandrel. To this end, the length of the mandrel is adjustable; preferably, the mandrel is formed in two parts. The front 5 part of the mandrel, which is screwed on, includes two different lengths, wherein, depending on requirements, the shorter length points towards the working face and the longer length enters the screwed-on part which carries the gripper, or vice versa. A telescopic mandrel is also conceivable in this connection. Another embodiment of the invention provides that the drilling carriage and/or the 10 bolt setting carriage is composed of a U-shaped profile, e.g. by screwing. The carriage is thus relatively compact and can be assembled in a variable manner according to the modular principle. Connections are possible in a suitable manner. This applies for example in relation to the guides for the slides and/or the forward movement components. It is therefore proposed that a prismatic guide profile is 15 welded or screwed onto the drilling carriage and/or the bolt setting carriage. These prisms may be made from a wear-resistant metal and serve for guiding the slides and/or the forward movement components. Due to the high dynamic stresses and abrasive wear caused by drilling paste in this region, it is recommended that the prismatic guide profiles are equipped with 20 fixedly installed profile blocks and at least one profile plate which is releasably attached to this profile block. These profile plates are conventional wearable parts of relatively low weight, which can be replaced with relatively little effort after appropriate use and wear. The actual blocks on the other hand, with their corresponding weight, no longer need to be replaced, which is linked to 25 considerable cost savings. With regard to fixing these plates to the profile blocks, it is provided that the profile plates are angled plates which can be fixed to the profile block in the region of their angled portion. To this end, the blocks have recesses and the profile plates have corresponding webs, by means of which they can be fixed to the blocks, or 30 vice versa. The invention is characterised in particular in that a device for setting rock bolts is -7 provided, in which the drilling unit and the bolt setting unit can be used entirely separately from one another without any particular changeover effort and intermediate steps. This is associated with a considerable saving in terms of time and also weight and space. When using an injection bolt or a bolt with integrated 5 adhesive technology, a complete anchoring process can be carried out in the danger zone without any manual operations, such as the insertion of the adhesive cartridge or the placement of the bolt rod, having to be performed. The device can carry out a full drilling/bolt setting cycle simply by actuating the pivoting mechanism between the drilling position and the bolt setting position. The drilling 10 carriage and bolt setting carriage have separate drives which can be configured differently in terms of type and speed. Components which are necessary only for one of the two drives, such as tubes, also need to be assigned only to this one unit, so that the device is not too complicated in terms of its structure. Tube guides and also middle rod guides (steady rests) can be moved at half-speed. Additional 15 mechanisms, such as the telescopic design of the drilling and bolt setting device, are also conceivable without restriction. The pivot angle is advantageously small at approximately 450, so that no limitations are brought about as a result of the changeover between the drilling position and the bolt setting position. Further details and advantages of the subject matter of the invention will become 20 apparent from the following description of the associated drawing, which shows one preferred example of embodiment with the details and individual parts required for this. In the drawing: Fig. 1 shows a device in the drilling position, Fig. 2 shows a device in the pivoted position, 25 Fig. 3 shows a device in side view, partially in section, Fig. 4 shows a device in a view from the rear, Fig. 5 shows a section through a device in the drilling position, Fig. 6 shows the section according to Fig. 4 in the pivoted position, Fig. 7 shows the detail view of a slide, -8 Fig. 8 shows a profile block with the profile plate removed, Fig. 9 shows the front end of a device with a mounted guide apparatus, Fig. 10 shows a guide apparatus, and 5 Fig. 11 shows a further section through the device. Fig. 1 shows a device 1 for setting a rock bolt, together with the units and components relevant to the invention. The first of these is the carriage support 2, which serves to hold both the drilling carriage 3 and the bolt setting carriage 5. It can clearly be seen that the drilling carriage 3 is considerably bulkier than the bolt 10 setting carriage 5. The two carriages are arranged offset by 900 relative to one another, so that the drilling carriage 3 in the position shown in Fig. 1 is located in the drilling axis 14, while the bolt setting carriage 5 is positioned to the side of the drilling carriage 3. The pivoting mechanism 7 with the cylinder (not visible here) is in the retracted position. If the drilling slide 4 of the drilling carriage 3 in the form of 15 a rotary and/or percussion unit is displaced towards the front end 15 of the device 1, appropriately high forces as are necessary to create the boreholes can be applied. In the process, the guide 12 at the front end 15 of the device 1 and also the steady rest 11 in the middle thereof serve to guide the drill rod 55. The drilling carriage 3 is driven via the bulky hydraulic cylinder 8, by means of which 20 appropriately high forces can be applied. The carriage support 2 according to the invention is telescopic, for which purpose a hydraulic cylinder (not shown here) is located on its underside. The mandrel 21 can be seen at the front end 15 of the device 1. Said mandrel is part of the pivoting mechanism 7, which is in turn positioned between the upper part 23 and the lower part 22 of the carriage support 25 2. Reference 45 denotes the connection to a base unit, for example a vehicle. The mandrel 21 is positioned in such a way as to prevent any displacements during the pivoting of the carriage support 2. The carriage approaches the drilling position once the mandrel 21 bears with appropriate contact pressure against the working face. The upper part of the carriage support 2 can then be pivoted about the axis 30 46. In comparison to this, the carriage support 2 is shown in a pivoted-out position in -9 Fig. 2. The hydraulic cylinder 17 is extended so that, by virtue of the pivoting mechanism 7, the upper part 23 of the carriage support 2 has been pivoted out relative to the lower, fixed part 22 about the axis 46 and is in the inclined position, in which the bolt setting carriage 5 and the slide 6 with the bolt setting unit 10 can 5 be used. As can clearly be seen in Fig. 2, additional space is available here due to the small bolt setting carriage 5 with the slide 6 and the bolt setting unit 10. In other words, the path for displacing the slide 6 on the bolt setting carriage 5 to the front end 15 of the device 1 is much longer than the path used for the drill rod and the forward movement thereof. This is linked to the simple requirement that lower 10 forces and torques have to be applied during the setting of the bolt, so that the components necessary for this can accordingly be smaller. This also applies to the guide 13 at the front end of the bolt setting carriage 5, wherein moreover only this one guide 13 is required for setting the bolt. Reference 18 denotes the cylinder on the underside 16 of the carriage support 2, which together with the guide 19 forms 15 the carriage adjuster, at the rear end 20 of which the pivoting mechanism 7 is positioned and via which the carriage support 2 can be moved in the linear direction. Fig. 3 shows in side view the device 1 with the inserted drill rod 55, said device consisting of the lower, stationary part 22 and the upper, pivotably mounted part 20 23. The function of the carriage adjuster comprising the mandrel 21, the hydraulic cylinder 18 and the guide 19 is shown in particular here. Located at the rear end of the carriage support 2 is a further hydraulic cylinder 56 which is responsible for the telescopic mobility of the drilling carriage 3 in order to be able to increase the drilling length if necessary. 25 The carriage support 2 is shown in front view in Fig. 4. Located at the top is the U-shaped drilling carriage 3 with the rotary and/or percussion unit 9. The slide 4 can also be seen. The hydraulic cylinder 8 serves as the drive for moving the drilling carriage 3 on the carriage support 2. The bolt setting carriage 5, which may advantageously have a different, less expensive and simpler drive in the form of a 30 chain 24, is flanged onto the side of the carriage support 2 in a manner offset by 900. In this example of embodiment, the ratio of the width of the bolt setting carriage 5 to the drilling carriage 3 is approximately 70%. The slide 6 and the bolt -10 setting unit 10 of the bolt setting carriage 5 are also correspondingly smaller than the slide 4 and the rotary and/or percussion unit 9 on the drilling carriage 3. Here, the drilling carriage 3 comprises a U-shaped first profile 26 with a second profile 27 arranged as a mirror image. Attached to the U-shaped profiles 26, 27 are 5 prismatic profiles 32, 33, 34 and 35 which serve for guiding the slide 4 of the cylinder and for displacement. The profiles 32, 33, 34, 35 have blocks 28, 29, 30, 31. With regard to the bolt setting carriage 5, the prismatic profiles attached thereto are provided with the references 36 and 37, while the corresponding guide blocks are provided with the references 38 and 39. 10 In a sectional rear view, Figs. 5 and 6 show the device according to the invention in a variant to Fig. 4. For instance, Fig. 4 shows the device in the drilling position with the drilling carriage 3 in the drilling axis 14. This can then be displaced with the aid of the hydraulic cylinder 8 on the carriage support 2. In a position offset by 900, the bolt setting carriage 5 is located on the side of the carriage support 2. The 15 carriage support 2 is pivoted by extending the cylinder 17 or the pivoting mechanism 7 below the carriage support 2 into the position shown in Fig. 6 about the pivot point 25, as indicated by the angle a. In the diagram shown in Fig. 6, the pivoting mechanism 7 or the hydraulic cylinder 17 is extended. The carriage support 2 has assumed a position inclined by 20 approximately 50*, as indicated by the angle R. The bolt setting carriage 5 with the slide 6 and the bolt setting unit 10 can now be brought into use. Fig. 7 shows a slide 4 with the vertical webs 47, 48, to which the guide blocks 28, 29 are fixed via various screws 49, 50, 51, 52. As such, however, these are not exposed to wear since V-shaped plates 40, 41 are attached to the inner sides 53, 25 54 thereof. Said plates can easily be replaced after appropriate wear. This is also illustrated in Fig. 8. In the region of the angled portion 44, the plate 40 has a web 43 which is designed to correspond to an opening 42 in the guide block 28 and can be fixed via the latter. Fig. 9 shows the front end 15 of a device 1 in the so-called one-step bolt setting 30 mode with a guide apparatus 59 placed onto the holder 61, said guide apparatus having a length-adjustable mandrel 21, 60. Via the gripper 57, the bolt rod 62 can - 11 be securely held even when it is to protrude only a little from the borehole. Fig. 10 shows only the removable guide apparatus 59. The drilled bolt should remain fixed even during the pivoting-in of the injection pincers, and therefore the guide apparatus 59 is attached to the mandrel of the lower part 22 of the carriage 5 support 2. The position of the gripper 57 at the end 15 of the carriage is the same here in both use situations. The mandrel 21, 60 consists of two mandrel parts 63 and 64 of different length; the plate 65 serves for fixing purposes. Finally, Fig. 11 shows the carriage support 2 in a further section, in which the focus is on showing the guide apparatus 59. The latter is mounted in a manner 10 rotated through 900. To this end, a holder together with the mandrel is screwed onto the position of the actual mandrel or attached in a comparable manner.

Claims

1. Device (1) for setting a rock bolt, comprising a drilling carriage (3) arranged on a carriage support (2), characterised in that 5 the carriage support (2) has a separately driven bolt setting carriage (5) which is smaller in size than the drilling carriage (3) and is offset by approximately 900.

2. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that 10 the device (1) is equipped with a pivoting mechanism (7), by means of which the carriage support (2) can be moved between a drilling position and a bolt setting position.

3. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that 15 the pivoting mechanism (7) is provided between an upper part (23) and a lower part (22) of the carriage support (2).

4. Device according to claim 3, characterised in that a mandrel (21) is arranged at the front end (15) of the lower part (22) of the 20 carriage support (2).

5. Device according to claim 3, characterised in that the lower part (22) of the carriage support (2) is equipped with a carriage adjuster (18). -13

6. Device according to claim 3, characterised in that the upper part (23) of the carriage support (2) is telescopic.

7. Device according to claim 1, 5 characterised in that the bolt setting carriage (5) is approximately 50% to 75% of the size of the drilling carriage (3).

8. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that 10 the slide (6) of the bolt setting carriage (5) is smaller than the slide (4) of the drilling carriage (3).

9. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that the bolt setting unit (10) of the bolt setting carriage (5) is smaller than the 15 rotary and/or percussion unit (9) of the drilling carriage (3).

10. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that the drilling carriage (3) has as the drive a hydraulic cylinder (8) with a cable drive. 20

11. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that the bolt setting carriage (5) has as the drive a hydraulic cylinder with a cable drive and/or a motor with a chain drive. -14

12. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that the drilling carriage (3) and the bolt setting carriage (5) are equipped with separate guides (11, 12 and respectively 13) for the drill rod and respectively 5 the bolt.

13. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that the device (1) is equipped with a removable guide apparatus (59) for the bolt rod (62). 10

14. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that the length of the mandrel (21, 60) is adjustable.

15. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that 15 the drilling carriage (3) and/or the bolt setting carriage (5) have a U-shaped profile.

16. Device according to claim 15, characterised in that a prismatic guide profile (32-35) is welded or screwed onto the drilling 20 carriage (3) and/or the bolt setting carriage (5).

17. Device according to claim 16, characterised in that the guide profiles (32-35) are equipped with fixedly installed profile blocks (28-31) and at least one profile plate (40, 41) which is releasably attached to -15 this profile block (28-31).

18. Device according to claim 17, characterised in that the profile plates (40, 41) are angled plates which can be fixed to the profile 5 block (28-31) in the region of their angled portion (44).