ATE90030T1 - Verfahren zum betrieb eines farbstrahls. - Google Patents

Verfahren zum betrieb eines farbstrahls.

Info

Publication number
ATE90030T1
ATE90030T1 AT85300713T AT85300713T ATE90030T1 AT E90030 T1 ATE90030 T1 AT E90030T1 AT 85300713 T AT85300713 T AT 85300713T AT 85300713 T AT85300713 T AT 85300713T AT E90030 T1 ATE90030 T1 AT E90030T1
Authority
AT
Austria
Prior art keywords
ink
pressure
orifice
chamber
meniscus
Prior art date
Application number
AT85300713T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Stuart David Howkins
Original Assignee
Dataproducts Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dataproducts Corp filed Critical Dataproducts Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ATE90030T1 publication Critical patent/ATE90030T1/de

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/015—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process
    • B41J2/04—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand
    • B41J2/045—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand by pressure, e.g. electromechanical transducers
    • B41J2/04501—Control methods or devices therefor, e.g. driver circuits, control circuits
    • B41J2/04573—Timing; Delays
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/015—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process
    • B41J2/04—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand
    • B41J2/045—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand by pressure, e.g. electromechanical transducers
    • B41J2/04501—Control methods or devices therefor, e.g. driver circuits, control circuits
    • B41J2/04581—Control methods or devices therefor, e.g. driver circuits, control circuits controlling heads based on piezoelectric elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/015—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process
    • B41J2/04—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand
    • B41J2/045—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand by pressure, e.g. electromechanical transducers
    • B41J2/04501—Control methods or devices therefor, e.g. driver circuits, control circuits
    • B41J2/04588—Control methods or devices therefor, e.g. driver circuits, control circuits using a specific waveform
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/14—Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
    • B41J2002/14387—Front shooter

Landscapes

  • Particle Formation And Scattering Control In Inkjet Printers (AREA)
  • Bidet-Like Cleaning Device And Other Flush Toilet Accessories (AREA)
  • Ink Jet (AREA)
AT85300713T 1984-02-03 1985-02-01 Verfahren zum betrieb eines farbstrahls. ATE90030T1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/576,582 US4646106A (en) 1982-01-04 1984-02-03 Method of operating an ink jet
EP85300713A EP0152247B1 (de) 1984-02-03 1985-02-01 Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Farbstrahls

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
ATE90030T1 true ATE90030T1 (de) 1993-06-15

Family

ID=24305033

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AT85300713T ATE90030T1 (de) 1984-02-03 1985-02-01 Verfahren zum betrieb eines farbstrahls.

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4646106A (de)
EP (1) EP0152247B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS60242066A (de)
AT (1) ATE90030T1 (de)
CA (1) CA1248409A (de)
DE (1) DE3587373T2 (de)

Families Citing this family (54)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4697193A (en) * 1981-01-30 1987-09-29 Exxon Printing Systems, Inc. Method of operating an ink jet having high frequency stable operation
US5182572A (en) * 1981-12-17 1993-01-26 Dataproducts Corporation Demand ink jet utilizing a phase change ink and method of operating
US4730197A (en) * 1985-11-06 1988-03-08 Pitney Bowes Inc. Impulse ink jet system
JPS634957A (ja) * 1986-06-25 1988-01-09 Canon Inc インクジエツト装置
DE3854917T2 (de) * 1987-11-06 1996-07-11 Dataproducts Corp Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verbesserung der Druckeigenschaften
GB8829567D0 (en) * 1988-12-19 1989-02-08 Am Int Method of operating pulsed droplet deposition apparatus
US5039997A (en) * 1989-11-03 1991-08-13 Videojet Systems International, Inc. Impact-valve printhead for ink jet printing
JP3041952B2 (ja) * 1990-02-23 2000-05-15 セイコーエプソン株式会社 インクジェット式記録ヘッド、圧電振動体、及びこれらの製造方法
US5510816A (en) * 1991-11-07 1996-04-23 Seiko Epson Corporation Method and apparatus for driving ink jet recording head
US5191354A (en) * 1992-02-19 1993-03-02 Xerox Corporation Method and apparatus for suppressing capillary waves in an ink jet printer
US5689291A (en) * 1993-07-30 1997-11-18 Tektronix, Inc. Method and apparatus for producing dot size modulated ink jet printing
EP0788433B1 (de) 1994-09-23 2004-06-23 Dataproducts Corporation Druckapparat mit tintenstrahlkammern, welche mehrere öffnungen aufweisen
US5801732A (en) * 1994-09-23 1998-09-01 Dataproducts Corporation Piezo impulse ink jet pulse delay to reduce mechanical and fluidic cross-talk
US5581283A (en) * 1994-09-27 1996-12-03 Dataproducts Corporation Ink jet apparatus having a plurality of chambers with multiple orifices
JP3173561B2 (ja) * 1995-10-31 2001-06-04 セイコーエプソン株式会社 積層型インクジェット式記録ヘッド、及びこれの駆動方法
JPH09300613A (ja) * 1996-03-15 1997-11-25 Hitachi Koki Co Ltd オンデマンド型マルチノズルインクジェットヘッドの駆動方法
US5831641A (en) * 1996-11-27 1998-11-03 Eugene Gollings Methods and apparatus for imprinting indecia on a three dimensional article
US6209997B1 (en) 1997-03-25 2001-04-03 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Impulse fluid jet apparatus with depriming protection
US6126259A (en) * 1997-03-25 2000-10-03 Trident International, Inc. Method for increasing the throw distance and velocity for an impulse ink jet
US6095630A (en) * 1997-07-02 2000-08-01 Sony Corporation Ink-jet printer and drive method of recording head for ink-jet printer
US6302536B1 (en) 1997-07-31 2001-10-16 Trident International, Inc. Fast drying ink jet ink compositions for capping ink jet printer nozzles
US6012805A (en) * 1997-10-17 2000-01-11 Eastman Kodak Company Continuous ink jet printer with variable contact drop deflection
US5963235A (en) * 1997-10-17 1999-10-05 Eastman Kodak Company Continuous ink jet printer with micromechanical actuator drop deflection
US6254225B1 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-07-03 Eastman Kodak Company Continuous ink jet printer with asymmetric heating drop deflection
US6079821A (en) * 1997-10-17 2000-06-27 Eastman Kodak Company Continuous ink jet printer with asymmetric heating drop deflection
US6509917B1 (en) 1997-10-17 2003-01-21 Eastman Kodak Company Continuous ink jet printer with binary electrostatic deflection
US6402305B1 (en) 1997-10-17 2002-06-11 Eastman Kodak Company Method for preventing ink drop misdirection in an asymmetric heat-type ink jet printer
GB2338928B (en) 1998-07-02 2000-08-09 Tokyo Electric Co Ltd A driving method of an ink-jet head
GB2338927B (en) * 1998-07-02 2000-08-09 Tokyo Electric Co Ltd A driving method of an ink-jet head
US7030173B2 (en) * 1998-09-04 2006-04-18 Illinois Tool Works, Inc. High resolution pigment ink for impulse ink jet printing
US6391943B2 (en) 1998-09-04 2002-05-21 Trident International, Inc. High resolution pigment ink for impulse ink jet printing
US6688738B2 (en) 1998-09-04 2004-02-10 Illinois Tool Works Inc Method for reducing cavitation in impulse ink jet printing devices
US6439709B1 (en) 1998-09-04 2002-08-27 Trident International, Inc. Method for reducing cavitation in impulse ink jet printing device
US6276782B1 (en) 2000-01-11 2001-08-21 Eastman Kodak Company Assisted drop-on-demand inkjet printer
US6299291B1 (en) * 2000-09-29 2001-10-09 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Electrostatically switched ink jet device and method of operating the same
US6428146B1 (en) 2000-11-08 2002-08-06 Eastman Kodak Company Fluid pump, ink jet print head utilizing the same, and method of pumping fluid
US6498711B1 (en) 2000-11-08 2002-12-24 Eastman Kodak Company Deformable micro-actuator with grid electrode
US6352337B1 (en) 2000-11-08 2002-03-05 Eastman Kodak Company Assisted drop-on-demand inkjet printer using deformable micro-acuator
US6394585B1 (en) 2000-12-15 2002-05-28 Eastman Kodak Company Ink jet printing using drop-on-demand techniques for continuous tone printing
US6883904B2 (en) 2002-04-24 2005-04-26 Eastman Kodak Company Apparatus and method for maintaining constant drop volumes in a continuous stream ink jet printer
US6812552B2 (en) * 2002-04-29 2004-11-02 Advanced Interconnect Technologies Limited Partially patterned lead frames and methods of making and using the same in semiconductor packaging
US6572220B1 (en) 2002-05-21 2003-06-03 Eastman Kodak Company Beam micro-actuator with a tunable or stable amplitude particularly suited for ink jet printing
US7051654B2 (en) * 2003-05-30 2006-05-30 Clemson University Ink-jet printing of viable cells
US7334871B2 (en) * 2004-03-26 2008-02-26 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Fluid-ejection device and methods of forming same
JP4661363B2 (ja) * 2005-05-26 2011-03-30 ブラザー工業株式会社 液滴噴射装置及び液体移送装置
JP2008049590A (ja) * 2006-08-24 2008-03-06 Seiko Epson Corp 液体噴射装置、及び、液体噴射装置の制御方法
US20080129810A1 (en) * 2006-12-01 2008-06-05 Illinois Tool Works, Inc. Compliant chamber with check valve and internal energy absorbing element for inkjet printhead
AU2012286817A1 (en) 2011-07-26 2014-02-13 The Curators Of The University Of Missouri Engineered comestible meat
WO2015038988A1 (en) 2013-09-13 2015-03-19 Modern Meadow, Inc. Edible and animal-product-free microcarriers for engineered meat
CN106413417A (zh) 2014-02-05 2017-02-15 现代牧场有限公司 由培养的肌肉细胞制成的干燥的食物制品
US11913166B2 (en) 2015-09-21 2024-02-27 Modern Meadow, Inc. Fiber reinforced tissue composites
KR20170096094A (ko) 2016-02-15 2017-08-23 브렌던 패트릭 퍼셀 복합체 물질을 생제작하는 방법
AU2018253595A1 (en) 2017-11-13 2019-05-30 Modern Meadow, Inc. Biofabricated leather articles having zonal properties
WO2020150443A1 (en) 2019-01-17 2020-07-23 Modern Meadow, Inc. Layered collagen materials and methods of making the same

Family Cites Families (54)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1280348B (de) * 1963-12-11 1968-10-17 Telefunken Patent Verfahren zur Kontaktierung der inneren Elektrodenzufuehrung von hohlzylindrischen Wandlern
US3452360A (en) * 1967-07-28 1969-06-24 Gen Precision Systems Inc High-speed stylographic apparatus and system
US3946398A (en) * 1970-06-29 1976-03-23 Silonics, Inc. Method and apparatus for recording with writing fluids and drop projection means therefor
US3683396A (en) * 1970-08-05 1972-08-08 Dick Co Ab Method and apparatus for control of ink drop formation
US3683212A (en) * 1970-09-09 1972-08-08 Clevite Corp Pulsed droplet ejecting system
US3840758A (en) * 1970-09-09 1974-10-08 Gould Inc Pulsed droplet ejecting system
SE349676B (de) * 1971-01-11 1972-10-02 N Stemme
US3708118A (en) * 1971-04-19 1973-01-02 Dick Co Ab Filtering apparatus for a drop writing system
US3848118A (en) * 1972-03-04 1974-11-12 Olympia Werke Ag Jet printer, particularly for an ink ejection printing mechanism
US3898673A (en) * 1972-05-15 1975-08-05 Ibm Phase control for ink jet printer
US3832579A (en) * 1973-02-07 1974-08-27 Gould Inc Pulsed droplet ejecting system
US4037230A (en) * 1973-03-12 1977-07-19 Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Public Corporation Timing circuit for ink jet system printer
US3828357A (en) * 1973-03-14 1974-08-06 Gould Inc Pulsed droplet ejecting system
DE2349555C2 (de) * 1973-04-25 1983-04-07 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Druckkopf für Farbflüssigkeits-Spritzdrucker und dergleichen
GB1450340A (en) * 1973-08-16 1976-09-22 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ld Arrangements for applying liquid droplets to a surface
US3893131A (en) * 1973-09-04 1975-07-01 Xerox Corp Ink printer
US3900162A (en) * 1974-01-10 1975-08-19 Ibm Method and apparatus for generation of multiple uniform fluid filaments
US3878519A (en) * 1974-01-31 1975-04-15 Ibm Method and apparatus for synchronizing droplet formation in a liquid stream
US3961337A (en) * 1974-08-26 1976-06-01 Teletype Corporation Disposable ink supply and nozzle system using a simple pump
JPS5818908B2 (ja) * 1974-09-17 1983-04-15 株式会社日立製作所 インクジエツトキロクソウチ
JPS51117530A (en) * 1975-04-08 1976-10-15 Ricoh Co Ltd Ink drop jet device
JPS51118924A (en) * 1975-04-11 1976-10-19 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Ink jet recorder
JPS51142230A (en) * 1975-06-03 1976-12-07 Ricoh Co Ltd Device for jetting ink
DE2527647C3 (de) * 1975-06-20 1981-06-25 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Mit Flüssigkeitströpfchen arbeitendes Schreibgerät
US4045802A (en) * 1975-07-29 1977-08-30 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Ink ejection printing apparatus comprising automatically actuated ejection orifice cap
US4021818A (en) * 1975-09-22 1977-05-03 Arthur D. Little, Inc. Liquid printing device
US4032929A (en) * 1975-10-28 1977-06-28 Xerox Corporation High density linear array ink jet assembly
DE2548691C3 (de) * 1975-10-30 1986-04-17 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Schaltungsanordnung zum Ansteuern von Schreibdüsen in Tintenmosaikschreibeinrichtungen
CA1084098A (en) * 1975-11-21 1980-08-19 Richard H. Vernon Meniscus dampening drop generator
US4024544A (en) * 1975-11-21 1977-05-17 Xerox Corporation Meniscus dampening drop generator
DE2555749C3 (de) * 1975-12-11 1980-09-11 Olympia Werke Ag, 2940 Wilhelmshaven Einrichtung zum Dämpfen des Ruckflusses der Tinte in der Düse eines Tintenspritzkopfes
US4057807A (en) * 1976-01-15 1977-11-08 Xerox Corporation Separable liquid droplet instrument and magnetic drivers therefor
CA1082283A (en) * 1976-01-15 1980-07-22 Kenneth H. Fischbeck Separable liquid droplet instrument and piezoelectric drivers therefor
US4046961A (en) * 1976-03-04 1977-09-06 Burroughs Corporation Conditioning system for transducer signals
US4183030A (en) * 1976-04-01 1980-01-08 Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha Ink jet recording apparatus
US4068144A (en) * 1976-09-20 1978-01-10 Recognition Equipment Incorporated Liquid jet modulator with piezoelectric hemispheral transducer
US4047183A (en) * 1976-11-04 1977-09-06 International Business Machines Corporation Method and apparatus for controlling the formation and shape of droplets in an ink jet stream
DE2704735C2 (de) * 1977-02-04 1982-08-05 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Auslaufsicherer Tintenvorratsbehälter
US4131899A (en) * 1977-02-22 1978-12-26 Burroughs Corporation Droplet generator for an ink jet printer
GB1527444A (en) * 1977-03-01 1978-10-04 Itt Creed Ink drop printhead
US4126867A (en) * 1977-08-29 1978-11-21 Silonics, Inc. Ink jet printer driving circuit
US4150384A (en) * 1977-10-17 1979-04-17 International Business Machines Corporation Method and apparatus for synchronizing charging of droplets of a pressurized conductive liquid stream
DE2756134A1 (de) * 1977-12-16 1979-06-21 Ibm Deutschland Piezoelektrisch gesteuerte antriebsanordnung zur erzeugung hoher stossgeschwindigkeiten und/oder gesteuerter huebe
JPS592617B2 (ja) * 1977-12-22 1984-01-19 株式会社リコー インク噴射装置
JPS54143637A (en) * 1978-04-28 1979-11-09 Canon Inc Recording head
JPS54145531A (en) * 1978-05-04 1979-11-13 Fuji Xerox Co Ltd Ink jet head
DE2835262C2 (de) * 1978-08-11 1982-09-09 Dr.-Ing. Rudolf Hell Gmbh, 2300 Kiel Ansteuerung eines Tintenstrahl-Aufzeichnungsorgans
DE2850016C2 (de) * 1978-11-17 1984-03-22 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Schaltungsanordnung zum Ansteuern von Schreibdüsen in Tintenmosaikschreibeinrichtungen
US4367478A (en) * 1979-04-25 1983-01-04 Xerox Corporation Pressure pulse drop ejector apparatus
US4233610A (en) * 1979-06-18 1980-11-11 Xerox Corporation Hydrodynamically damped pressure pulse droplet ejector
US4383264A (en) * 1980-06-18 1983-05-10 Exxon Research And Engineering Co. Demand drop forming device with interacting transducer and orifice combination
US4380018A (en) * 1980-06-20 1983-04-12 Sanyo Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Ink droplet projecting device and an ink jet printer
EP0046676B2 (de) * 1980-08-25 1994-06-22 Epson Corporation Verfahren zum Betreiben eines auf Bedarf abgestellten Tintenspritzkopfes und Vorrichtung dafür
DE3036922A1 (de) * 1980-09-30 1982-05-13 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Schaltungsanordnung zum ansteuern von schreibduesen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4646106A (en) 1987-02-24
EP0152247A3 (en) 1986-07-16
EP0152247B1 (de) 1993-06-02
DE3587373D1 (de) 1993-07-08
EP0152247A2 (de) 1985-08-21
DE3587373T2 (de) 1993-09-23
CA1248409A (en) 1989-01-10
JPS60242066A (ja) 1985-12-02

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
ATE90030T1 (de) Verfahren zum betrieb eines farbstrahls.
ATE46111T1 (de) Verfahren zum steuern einer tintenstrahldruckvorrichtung zum erreichen einer hohen druckaufloesung.
ATE46292T1 (de) Verfahren zum betreiben eines tintenstrahlapparates.
CA2082264A1 (en) Drop-on-demand printing apparatus and method of manufacture thereof
CA2184076C (en) Improvements relating to pulsed droplet deposition apparatus
GB2086807B (en) Method of manufacturing a jet nozzle plate for an ink-jet printing head
CA2079727A1 (en) Ink jet apparatus capable of practicing and improved recovery operation
EP0761440A3 (de) Verfahren und Gerät zum Tintenstrahldrucken und Verfahren und Gerät zur Herstellung von Farbfiltern
EP0398348A3 (de) Tintenstrahlaufzeichnungsgerät
JPS5764563A (en) Ink particle jet apparatus of multi-nozzle ink jet printer
KR970005636A (ko) 컬러 필터 제조 방법 및 장치, 컬러 필터, 디스플레이 디바이스,및 디스플레이 디바이스를 구비한 장치
EP0375147A3 (de) Verfahren zum Betrieb einer gepulsten Tröpfchen-Niederschlagsvorrichtung
EP0121304A3 (de) Selbsttätiges Kalibrieren einer Vorrichtung zur gesteuerten Tröpfchenerzeugung
EP0988974A3 (de) Verfahren zum Steuern einer Tintenstrahldruckkopf und Tintenstrahlaufzeichnungsvorrichtung
JPS57181875A (en) Ink jet head and ink jet recording device
JP3770915B2 (ja) パルス化液滴デポジット装置の操作法
ATE51582T1 (de) Betreiben eines tintenstrahls.
JPS5655261A (en) Ink jet printer
EP0118640A3 (de) Verfahren zur Anpassung von thermischen Tintenstrahldruckern
DE2849495C3 (de) Anwendung eines Tintenstrahldruckers zum Beschriften oder Bedrucken von Arzneimittelformlingen
JPS5675863A (en) Ink jet head
JPS5739972A (en) Driving method for ink jet head
JPS6418641A (en) Ink-jet recording device
CN108883631B (zh) 将打印机喷出分成点射
JPS5689950A (en) Color ink jet printer

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
RER Ceased as to paragraph 5 lit. 3 law introducing patent treaties