ATE478271T1 - Steuervorrichtung und steuerverfahren für ein getriebe - Google Patents

Steuervorrichtung und steuerverfahren für ein getriebe

Info

Publication number
ATE478271T1
ATE478271T1 AT07859313T AT07859313T ATE478271T1 AT E478271 T1 ATE478271 T1 AT E478271T1 AT 07859313 T AT07859313 T AT 07859313T AT 07859313 T AT07859313 T AT 07859313T AT E478271 T1 ATE478271 T1 AT E478271T1
Authority
AT
Austria
Prior art keywords
transmission
shift operation
immediately
touch point
during
Prior art date
Application number
AT07859313T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Masaaki Otsubo
Original Assignee
Toyota Motor Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Toyota Motor Co Ltd filed Critical Toyota Motor Co Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ATE478271T1 publication Critical patent/ATE478271T1/de

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D48/00—External control of clutches
    • F16D48/06—Control by electric or electronic means, e.g. of fluid pressure
    • F16D48/10—Preventing unintentional or unsafe engagement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B60W10/11—Stepped gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/19—Improvement of gear change, e.g. by synchronisation or smoothing gear shift
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/04—Smoothing ratio shift
    • F16H61/0437—Smoothing ratio shift by using electrical signals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/02—Clutches
    • B60W2510/0208—Clutch engagement state, e.g. engaged or disengaged
    • B60W2510/0225—Clutch actuator position
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2540/00—Input parameters relating to occupants
    • B60W2540/10—Accelerator pedal position
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2540/00—Input parameters relating to occupants
    • B60W2540/12—Brake pedal position
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2500/00—External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
    • F16D2500/10—System to be controlled
    • F16D2500/104—Clutch
    • F16D2500/10406—Clutch position
    • F16D2500/10412—Transmission line of a vehicle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2500/00—External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
    • F16D2500/10—System to be controlled
    • F16D2500/108—Gear
    • F16D2500/1081—Actuation type
    • F16D2500/1083—Automated manual transmission
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2500/00—External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
    • F16D2500/30—Signal inputs
    • F16D2500/302—Signal inputs from the actuator
    • F16D2500/3026—Stroke
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2500/00—External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
    • F16D2500/30—Signal inputs
    • F16D2500/308—Signal inputs from the transmission
    • F16D2500/3081—Signal inputs from the transmission from the input shaft
    • F16D2500/30816—Speed of the input shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2500/00—External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
    • F16D2500/30—Signal inputs
    • F16D2500/314—Signal inputs from the user
    • F16D2500/31406—Signal inputs from the user input from pedals
    • F16D2500/31426—Brake pedal position
    • F16D2500/31433—Brake pedal position threshold, e.g. switch
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2500/00—External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
    • F16D2500/30—Signal inputs
    • F16D2500/314—Signal inputs from the user
    • F16D2500/31406—Signal inputs from the user input from pedals
    • F16D2500/3144—Accelerator pedal position
    • F16D2500/31453—Accelerator pedal position threshold, e.g. switch
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2500/00—External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
    • F16D2500/30—Signal inputs
    • F16D2500/314—Signal inputs from the user
    • F16D2500/3148—Detection of user presence
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2500/00—External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
    • F16D2500/50—Problem to be solved by the control system
    • F16D2500/502—Relating the clutch
    • F16D2500/50245—Calibration or recalibration of the clutch touch-point
    • F16D2500/50251—During operation
    • F16D2500/50263—During standing still
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2500/00—External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
    • F16D2500/50—Problem to be solved by the control system
    • F16D2500/502—Relating the clutch
    • F16D2500/50245—Calibration or recalibration of the clutch touch-point
    • F16D2500/50266—Way of detection
    • F16D2500/50272—Gearing speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2500/00—External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
    • F16D2500/50—Problem to be solved by the control system
    • F16D2500/51—Relating safety
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2500/00—External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
    • F16D2500/70—Details about the implementation of the control system
    • F16D2500/704—Output parameters from the control unit; Target parameters to be controlled
    • F16D2500/70464—Transmission parameters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2302/00—Determining the way or trajectory to new ratio, e.g. by determining speed, torque or time parameters for shift transition
    • F16H2302/04—Determining a modus for shifting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2342/00—Calibrating
    • F16H2342/04—Calibrating engagement of friction elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/68—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for stepped gearings
    • F16H61/682—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for stepped gearings with interruption of drive

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Control Of Transmission Device (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Clutches, Magnetic Clutches, Fluid Clutches, And Fluid Joints (AREA)
  • Control Of Driving Devices And Active Controlling Of Vehicle (AREA)
AT07859313T 2006-12-20 2007-12-19 Steuervorrichtung und steuerverfahren für ein getriebe ATE478271T1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2006342937A JP4432962B2 (ja) 2006-12-20 2006-12-20 変速機の制御装置
PCT/IB2007/004275 WO2008078188A1 (en) 2006-12-20 2007-12-19 Control apparatus and control method for transmission

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
ATE478271T1 true ATE478271T1 (de) 2010-09-15

Family

ID=39365748

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AT10161912T ATE530792T1 (de) 2006-12-20 2007-12-19 Steuervorrichtung für ein getriebe
AT07859313T ATE478271T1 (de) 2006-12-20 2007-12-19 Steuervorrichtung und steuerverfahren für ein getriebe

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AT10161912T ATE530792T1 (de) 2006-12-20 2007-12-19 Steuervorrichtung für ein getriebe

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US8260510B2 (de)
EP (2) EP2094989B1 (de)
JP (1) JP4432962B2 (de)
AT (2) ATE530792T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602007008610D1 (de)
WO (1) WO2008078188A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008023360A1 (de) * 2007-05-31 2008-12-04 Luk Lamellen Und Kupplungsbau Beteiligungs Kg Verfahren zum Plausibilisieren der Stellung des Kupplungsaktors einer Kupplung, Verfahren zum Bestimmen des Tastpunktes einer Kupplung sowie Vorrichtung zum Durchführen der Verfahren
JP5608964B2 (ja) * 2008-09-19 2014-10-22 いすゞ自動車株式会社 クラッチ制御装置の流量制御弁
JP4752928B2 (ja) * 2009-02-10 2011-08-17 トヨタ自動車株式会社 内燃機関の燃料噴射制御装置
KR101284330B1 (ko) * 2010-12-03 2013-07-17 기아자동차주식회사 하이브리드 차량의 변속 제어방법
KR101669743B1 (ko) * 2012-03-28 2016-10-27 쟈트코 가부시키가이샤 자동 변속기 및 그 제어 방법
JP5895702B2 (ja) * 2012-05-18 2016-03-30 いすゞ自動車株式会社 車両の変速装置
KR101406625B1 (ko) * 2012-11-09 2014-06-11 기아자동차주식회사 클러치의 터치포인트 탐색 방법
KR101655677B1 (ko) 2015-05-19 2016-09-07 현대자동차주식회사 하이브리드 자동차의 엔진 클러치 터치 포인트 학습 방법
DE102021206808A1 (de) * 2021-06-30 2023-01-05 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Verfahren zur Adaption eines Schleifpunktes einer hydraulisch betätigten Hybrid-Trennkupplung
CN114382798B (zh) * 2022-01-24 2023-06-16 一汽解放汽车有限公司 中间轴制动器制动控制自学习方法、存储介质及车辆

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000013047A (ja) 1998-06-19 2000-01-14 Casio Comput Co Ltd 電子機器
FR2784639B1 (fr) * 1998-10-14 2006-09-08 Luk Getriebe Systeme Gmbh Dispositif et procede de verrouillage en pente pour vehicule automobile
JP3598847B2 (ja) 1998-10-28 2004-12-08 いすゞ自動車株式会社 クラッチ断接装置
DE10159863A1 (de) 2000-12-18 2002-06-20 Luk Lamellen & Kupplungsbau Kraftfahrzeug sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Kraftfahrzeuges
JP4089571B2 (ja) * 2003-09-24 2008-05-28 トヨタ自動車株式会社 自動変速機の制御装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE530792T1 (de) 2011-11-15
EP2213899B1 (de) 2011-10-26
US8260510B2 (en) 2012-09-04
JP2008151328A (ja) 2008-07-03
EP2094989B1 (de) 2010-08-18
EP2094989A1 (de) 2009-09-02
EP2213899A1 (de) 2010-08-04
US20100049412A1 (en) 2010-02-25
DE602007008610D1 (de) 2010-09-30
WO2008078188A1 (en) 2008-07-03
JP4432962B2 (ja) 2010-03-17

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
ATE478271T1 (de) Steuervorrichtung und steuerverfahren für ein getriebe
ATE512316T1 (de) Verfahren zur ermittlung einer drehmomentkennlinie einer automatisierten reibungskupplung
WO2007042141A3 (de) Verfahren und vorrichtung zur steuerung eines gangwechsels eines automatisierten schaltgetriebes
ATE527474T1 (de) Automatikgetriebe und lernmethode dafür
EP2290264A3 (de) Stufenloses Getriebe und zugehöriges Steuerungsverfahren
ATE549550T1 (de) Verfahren und vorrichtung zum steuern eines gangwechsels in einem parallelschaltgetriebe eines fahrzeuges
ATE525597T1 (de) Vorrichtung und verfahren zur fahrzeugsteuerung
DE502006008713D1 (de) Verfahren zum bestimmen des anlegepunktes einer automatisch betätigten reibungskupplung
PT1840401E (pt) Método para a definição de um ponto de contacto de uma embraiagem, e uma curva característica do binário com ele relacionada
ATE494498T1 (de) Schaltvorrichtung für kraftfahrzeug- wechselgetriebe
ATE541150T1 (de) Steuerungseinrichtung für eine automatische gangschaltung
EP2175175A3 (de) Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Steuerung eines stufenlosen Getriebes
ATE528551T1 (de) Steuerung für automatikgetriebe
ATE536295T1 (de) Steuerverfahren zum hochschalten eines automatisierten schaltgetriebes mit einem doppelkupplungsgetriebe
EP2275710A3 (de) Steuervorrichtung und Steuerverfahren für stufenloses Fahrzeuggetriebe
ATE548594T1 (de) Schaltgetriebe
JPWO2014097351A1 (ja) 電動車両の制御装置
ATE423921T1 (de) Verfahren zum ansteuern des kupplungsmomentes einer kupplung eines automatisierten getriebes und eine vorrichtung zum durchführen des verfahrens
ATE501383T1 (de) Doppelkupplungsgetriebe
DE602006014426D1 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung für Gangschaltung
SE0500445L (sv) Hybridmotorenhet, jämte förfarande för styrning av en växlingssekvens vid en manuellt växlingsbar transmission vid elmotordriftsläge hos en dylik hybridmotorenhet
GB2479661B (en) Method for learning reference position for transmission and vehicle
ATE532995T1 (de) Stufenloses getriebe und sein steuerverfahren
ATE472695T1 (de) Verfahren und vorrichtung zum steuern eines doppelkupplungsgetriebes
WO2008110470A3 (de) Verfahren zur ermittlung der abtriebsdrehzahl eines schaltgetriebes

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
RER Ceased as to paragraph 5 lit. 3 law introducing patent treaties