ATE216426T1 - Verfahren zur isolierung und fusion von zellen - Google Patents

Verfahren zur isolierung und fusion von zellen

Info

Publication number
ATE216426T1
ATE216426T1 AT92919530T AT92919530T ATE216426T1 AT E216426 T1 ATE216426 T1 AT E216426T1 AT 92919530 T AT92919530 T AT 92919530T AT 92919530 T AT92919530 T AT 92919530T AT E216426 T1 ATE216426 T1 AT E216426T1
Authority
AT
Austria
Prior art keywords
cells
pct
fusion
cell
dielectrophoresis
Prior art date
Application number
AT92919530T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Hans Gerard Leonard Coster
Robert Geoffrey Ashcroft
Tohsak Mahaworasilpa
Original Assignee
Fucell Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fucell Pty Ltd filed Critical Fucell Pty Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ATE216426T1 publication Critical patent/ATE216426T1/de

Links

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/543Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
    • G01N33/54366Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing
    • G01N33/54373Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing involving physiochemical end-point determination, e.g. wave-guides, FETS, gratings
    • G01N33/5438Electrodes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/04Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for ulcers, gastritis or reflux esophagitis, e.g. antacids, inhibitors of acid secretion, mucosal protectants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P11/00Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/10Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03CMAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C5/00Separating dispersed particles from liquids by electrostatic effect
    • B03C5/005Dielectrophoresis, i.e. dielectric particles migrating towards the region of highest field strength
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03CMAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C5/00Separating dispersed particles from liquids by electrostatic effect
    • B03C5/02Separators
    • B03C5/022Non-uniform field separators
    • B03C5/026Non-uniform field separators using open-gradient differential dielectric separation, i.e. using electrodes of special shapes for non-uniform field creation, e.g. Fluid Integrated Circuit [FIC]
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D239/00Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
    • C07D239/02Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
    • C07D239/24Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D239/28Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D239/32One oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atom
    • C07D239/34One oxygen atom
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D239/00Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
    • C07D239/02Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
    • C07D239/24Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D239/28Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D239/32One oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atom
    • C07D239/34One oxygen atom
    • C07D239/36One oxygen atom as doubly bound oxygen atom or as unsubstituted hydroxy radical
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D413/00Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D413/02Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
    • C07D413/04Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D413/00Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D413/02Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
    • C07D413/06Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D417/00Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
    • C07D417/02Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D417/04Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D417/00Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
    • C07D417/02Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D417/06Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12MAPPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M35/00Means for application of stress for stimulating the growth of microorganisms or the generation of fermentation or metabolic products; Means for electroporation or cell fusion
    • C12M35/02Electrical or electromagnetic means, e.g. for electroporation or for cell fusion
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12MAPPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M47/00Means for after-treatment of the produced biomass or of the fermentation or metabolic products, e.g. storage of biomass
    • C12M47/04Cell isolation or sorting
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N13/00Treatment of microorganisms or enzymes with electrical or wave energy, e.g. magnetism, sonic waves
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N15/00Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/02Preparation of hybrid cells by fusion of two or more cells, e.g. protoplast fusion
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N5/00Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
    • C12N5/10Cells modified by introduction of foreign genetic material
    • C12N5/12Fused cells, e.g. hybridomas
    • C12N5/16Animal cells
    • C12N5/163Animal cells one of the fusion partners being a B or a T lymphocyte

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Cell Biology (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
AT92919530T 1991-09-05 1992-09-04 Verfahren zur isolierung und fusion von zellen ATE216426T1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPK821391 1991-09-05
PCT/AU1992/000473 WO1993005166A1 (en) 1991-09-05 1992-09-04 Methods for the selection, separation and fusion of cells

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
ATE216426T1 true ATE216426T1 (de) 2002-05-15

Family

ID=3775670

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AT92919530T ATE216426T1 (de) 1991-09-05 1992-09-04 Verfahren zur isolierung und fusion von zellen

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US5589047A (de)
EP (1) EP0607178B1 (de)
JP (1) JP3104995B2 (de)
KR (1) KR100281177B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE216426T1 (de)
AU (1) AU661037B2 (de)
BR (1) BR9206463A (de)
CA (1) CA2117070A1 (de)
DE (1) DE69232560T2 (de)
MX (1) MX9205086A (de)
NZ (1) NZ244216A (de)
WO (1) WO1993005166A1 (de)

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US5795457A (en) * 1990-01-30 1998-08-18 British Technology Group Ltd. Manipulation of solid, semi-solid or liquid materials
US6331274B1 (en) 1993-11-01 2001-12-18 Nanogen, Inc. Advanced active circuits and devices for molecular biological analysis and diagnostics
US6129828A (en) 1996-09-06 2000-10-10 Nanogen, Inc. Apparatus and methods for active biological sample preparation
US6225059B1 (en) 1993-11-01 2001-05-01 Nanogen, Inc. Advanced active electronic devices including collection electrodes for molecular biological analysis and diagnostics
JPH10501454A (ja) * 1994-02-24 1998-02-10 フラウンホーファー、ゲゼルシャフト、ツール、フェルデルング、デァ、アンゲヴァンテン、フォルシュング、エー、ファウ 電界ケージ内において微小粒子を形成する方法およびそのための装置
US6071394A (en) 1996-09-06 2000-06-06 Nanogen, Inc. Channel-less separation of bioparticles on a bioelectronic chip by dielectrophoresis
DE19859459A1 (de) 1998-12-22 2000-06-29 Evotec Biosystems Ag Mikrosysteme zur Zellpermeation und Zellfusion
US6537433B1 (en) * 2000-03-10 2003-03-25 Applera Corporation Methods and apparatus for the location and concentration of polar analytes using an alternating electric field
GB2361479A (en) * 2000-04-11 2001-10-24 Secr Defence Electric-field structuring of composite materials
US6661575B1 (en) * 2000-10-31 2003-12-09 Sergey A. Yakovenko Methods and apparata for micromanipulation of micro-and nanoparticles
US7101703B2 (en) * 2001-03-09 2006-09-05 Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. Electrofusion microelectrode
DE10116211A1 (de) * 2001-03-27 2002-10-10 Eppendorf Ag Kammer zur Behandlung von in einer Suspension enthaltenen Zellen im elektrischen Feld
EP1472358B1 (de) * 2001-08-31 2008-05-07 Cyto Pulse Sciences, Inc. Dielektrophoresewellenform mit nichtlinearer amplitude zur zellfusion
US6750661B2 (en) * 2001-11-13 2004-06-15 Caliper Life Sciences, Inc. Method and apparatus for controllably effecting samples using two signals
US20030119057A1 (en) * 2001-12-20 2003-06-26 Board Of Regents Forming and modifying dielectrically-engineered microparticles
US6887362B2 (en) * 2002-02-06 2005-05-03 Nanogen, Inc. Dielectrophoretic separation and immunoassay methods on active electronic matrix devices
US20060127365A1 (en) * 2002-05-31 2006-06-15 Victor Nurcombe Method of cell therapy using fused cell hybrids
CA2484629A1 (en) * 2002-05-31 2003-12-11 Apollo Life Sciences Pty Limited Electrofusion of cells and apparatus therefore
US20040003679A1 (en) * 2002-07-05 2004-01-08 David Ide Apparatus and method for in vitro recording and stimulation of cells
US7105081B2 (en) * 2002-12-20 2006-09-12 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Methods and apparatus for electrosmear analysis
GB0303305D0 (en) * 2003-02-12 2003-03-19 Secr Defence Apparatus for collecting particles
CN100549170C (zh) 2003-12-01 2009-10-14 理查德·E·沃尔特斯 用于细胞融合的非均匀电场室
US20070151855A1 (en) * 2004-02-04 2007-07-05 Evotec Technologies Gmbh Microfluidic system and associated operational method
US7160425B2 (en) * 2004-03-25 2007-01-09 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Cell transporter for a biodevice
US7390387B2 (en) * 2004-03-25 2008-06-24 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Method of sorting cells in series
US7390388B2 (en) * 2004-03-25 2008-06-24 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Method of sorting cells on a biodevice
EP1734111B1 (de) 2005-06-13 2020-06-24 Tosoh Corporation Zellfusionsvorrichtung und Verfahren zur Zellfusion unter Verwendung derselben
JP2009516198A (ja) * 2005-11-18 2009-04-16 プレジデント・アンド・フエローズ・オブ・ハーバード・カレツジ 誘電泳動ピンセット装置および方法
US7915044B2 (en) * 2005-12-22 2011-03-29 Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. Electrofusion microelectrode and methods of using it to manipulate cells and/or cellular components
ITMI20061063A1 (it) * 2006-05-31 2007-12-01 Mindseeds Lab S R L Metrodo e apparato pe rla selezione e la modifica di singole cellule e loro piccoli aggregati
US9018019B2 (en) * 2006-10-04 2015-04-28 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Engineered conductive polymer films to mediate biochemical interactions
EP2982744A1 (de) 2007-02-23 2016-02-10 Advanced Cell Technology, Inc. Hocheffiziente verfahren zur neuprogrammierung differenzierter zellen und zur erzeugung von tier- und embryonischen stammzellen aus neuprogrammierten zellen
US8021532B2 (en) * 2008-02-26 2011-09-20 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Dielectrophoretic tweezers apparatus and methods
JP2009273459A (ja) * 2008-04-15 2009-11-26 Tosoh Corp 細胞選別装置、およびそれを用いた細胞選別方法
JP5515094B2 (ja) * 2009-10-30 2014-06-11 独立行政法人海洋研究開発機構 増殖可能な動物細胞の調製方法
US10571475B2 (en) 2010-12-03 2020-02-25 Cellply S.R.L. Rapid screening of monoclonal antibodies
CN104792845A (zh) * 2014-08-07 2015-07-22 中国科学院微电子研究所 传感装置
EP3194581A4 (de) 2014-09-15 2018-04-25 Children's Medical Center Corporation Verfahren und zusammensetzungen zur erhöhung der somatischen zellkerntransfer(scnt)-effizienz durch entfernung der histon h3-lysin-trimethylierung
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2117070A1 (en) 1993-03-18
WO1993005166A1 (en) 1993-03-18
AU661037B2 (en) 1995-07-13
DE69232560T2 (de) 2003-01-16
MX9205086A (es) 1993-05-01
JP3104995B2 (ja) 2000-10-30
US5589047A (en) 1996-12-31
NZ244216A (en) 1994-06-27
JPH06510193A (ja) 1994-11-17
AU2562092A (en) 1993-04-05
EP0607178A4 (en) 1995-12-27
BR9206463A (pt) 1995-12-12
KR100281177B1 (ko) 2001-04-02
EP0607178B1 (de) 2002-04-17
DE69232560D1 (de) 2002-05-23
EP0607178A1 (de) 1994-07-27

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