AT520127B1 - WALLROOM WITH INSULATION ELEMENT - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a wall lintel (1) comprising two thermally separated support elements (20) and an insulation (30) for the upper termination of a wall opening in the form of an elongated support. The load capacity of the wall is advantageously removed by the special shape of the components of the fall and grants a stable construction of the building. In addition, the thermal insulation prevents the penetration of cold into the interior of the building as well as the discharge of heat from the building out.

Description

description

WALLROOM WITH INSULATION ELEMENT

The invention relates to a lintel comprising two thermally separated support members and an insulation to the upper end of a wall opening in the form of an elongated support.

The load of the wall is advantageously removed by the special shape of the components of the fall and grants a stable construction of the building. In addition, the thermal insulation prevents the penetration of cold into the interior of the building as well as the discharge of heat from the building out.

A fall in the field of construction and architecture is a cover of a wall breakthrough, which carries the masonry above. Wall falls are therefore generally constructed to divert the weight of the overlying wall over the overlying ends of the fall on the foundation of the structure. Depending on the wall opening, this is a door or lintel. Furthermore, the thermal insulation between the building's interior and building exterior is the task of a fall.

In the historic architecture, various materials were used for wall falls, such as monolithic natural stones, wood and Wasserbauklinker, a special form of bricks. In modern construction, however, other types of falls are now used. For work with sand-lime and cement stone, a steel or concrete lintel is predominantly used, while a clay lintel is required for work with brick or light brick.

The installation of a lintel in the masonry can be a major challenge, since stability must be ensured at all times. If it is a load-bearing wall, a professional static calculation of the load transfer is necessary beforehand. It should be noted that the support surface of the fall, also called support, on the side masonry is large enough to remove the forces sufficient to ensure a stable construction. Should the fall of the wall be retrofitted, an additional support of the masonry with the help of metal columns or crossbeams is necessary. The wall lintel is then connected using mortar in the wall, in the end also all joints are sealed.

In the case of falls, ready-made lintels are usually used, which may consist of different materials, such as concrete or steel.

Due to their great importance in the construction of buildings are different variants of the fall of the wall known, but which also have disadvantages.

The German patent DE 20 2007 004 960 U1 discloses a built into a building, insulated lintel with an outer lightweight shell, the inside with a supporting layer, such as. proven concrete, is cast in conjunction with the lightweight shell. The light material switch can be excluded in the contact area of the fall of the wall, in order to achieve a load transfer to the bearing layer. In addition, the fall can be provided with Sikenvertiefungen.

The Utility Model DE 200 03 280 U1 discloses a fall in the wall in which a U-shaped in cross-section switches with concrete has fallen, wherein the concrete is added as an additive blown glass and this has a thermal conductivity of 0.08 to 0.1 W / ( m K), so that the thermal insulation capacity is improved. The U-shaped shell is formed from at least one brick, which have hollow channels for further improvement of the thermal insulation capability. In addition, the lintel has a parallel to the longitudinal edge arranged reinforcement in the form of at least one steel bar, which is cast around with the concrete.

The published patent application DE 24 36 949 discloses a structural part for supporting one or more superimposed masonry layers or the like., In particular a

Fall or carrier. The structural part is characterized by two horizontal webs, which are arranged at a distance from each other, and by a rigid supporting leg, which connects the webs together. The rigid supporting leg may be inclined, preferably about 45 degrees.

In addition, in the prior art from U-shaped bowls wall drops are known, which include similar to DE 200 03 280 U1 with insulating U-shaped surrounding support member. The insulating material consists of bricks with hollow channels, which should improve the thermal insulation.

The above-mentioned wall lintels of the prior art, however, have some disadvantages. The wall falls are difficult to produce in terms of manufacturing technology. This is especially true if they are made of bricks and holes or channels should have for better thermal insulation. The production is usually possible only under time-consuming work assignments and is associated with very high costs. Another disadvantage is that the insulation is not very good in some cases and that the vertical forces are removed worse.

The French patent application FR 1417534 A discloses a lintel, which is particularly intended for work in the interior or subdivision of buildings, comprising a long rigid piece of sheet steel, whose cross section has a series of channels.

In the British patent application GB 24 94 305 A, an elongate support member is disclosed, which consists of two elongate metal parts (2, 3), which are connected via a connecting element (4) with low thermal conductivity over at least a portion of its length.

International patent application WO 2014/030111 A1 discloses a modular assembly for the construction of insulated constructions, comprising at least two construction elements.

European published patent application EP 0 001 723 A2 discloses a prefabricated component comprising a plurality of first similar unitary elements of building material, assembled end-to-end and secured at least on one side thereof by a plate of thermally insulating material.

The subject invention does not follow from these documents in an obvious way, since the publications do not reveal a fall, whose insulation is formed with a first, second and third region, wherein the second region between the first and the third region and two Has contact surfaces with the support members which are inclined with respect to a sectional plane at an angle α between 20 to 70 degrees. Due to the difference compared to the prior art, there is the unexpected technical effect that the fall of the invention provides optimal thermal separation of load-bearing parts by an insulation, whereby cold bridges are avoided. The fall of the wall is also of simple construction and as a result of the specific angled arrangement in the second part of the insulation optimally stable against acting on the fall of the wall, vertical forces.

PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION, TASK, SOLUTION, ADVANTAGES

Based on the above considerations, the present invention therefore has the object to provide a fall, which does not have the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art. This object is achieved by the wall falls disclosed in the aspects and implementations of the present application.

In a first aspect, the present invention therefore relates to a fall of the wall (1) according to claim 1.

Insulation according to this disclosure is any material that impedes the penetration or penetration or penetration of heat energy, with a thermal conductivity of highest lambda = 0.1 W / (mK), particularly preferably in the range of 0.01 to 0, 06 W / (mK), and more preferably in the range of 0.03 to 0.05 W / (mK). Examples are airgel, foam glass, glass foam granules, mineral wool, polyurethane, polystyrene with graphite, extruded polystyrene, expanded polystyrene, polyethylene foams, wool, cork, reed plate, cellulose, Holzfaserdämmplatte, straw bales, perlite, wood wool lightweight panels, vacuum insulation panels , Aerowool, Calostat, Felt, sawdust, charcoal, balsam wool, polyester fleece, sheep wool, cellulose plates, hemp mats, Rohrkolbendämmplatten and foams or pore-containing systems of rubber, Poroton, clay, PET, polyimides, PEI, PTFE, PVC, polyamides, polypropylene, polycarbonate, Epoxy resin, PMMA, polyethylene and silicone called. Particularly preferably, the insulation is selected from the group consisting of Styrofoam, Neopor, cork, polyethylene foams, mineral wool or Holzfaserdämmplatten. Materials such as Styrofoam and Neopor are particularly inexpensive to buy, are easy to work with, weatherproof and durable. Some of the materials are also recyclable. Mineral wool can be obtained in an environmentally friendly way from recycled glass, is non-combustible and resistant to mildew and rot. Due to the high thermal stability, liquid filling material can be heated in further work steps, which can significantly accelerate hardening. Cork is obtained as a natural product, has a high dimensional stability and elasticity and is resistant to pests and moisture. Wood fiber insulation panels are made of debarked residual wood in an environmentally friendly manner and bonded with wood-grade resin. In addition, they have a moisturizing effect and have a high specific heat capacity, which provides extended thermal protection. As insulation also every combination of the named materials serves. Retaining elements according to this disclosure are any elements which can hold a wall fall substantially dimensionally stable and are suitable for the removal of vertical and horizontal forces. Preferably, the support elements consist essentially of concrete or reinforced concrete. Concrete and reinforced concrete are inexpensive to produce and can be obtained in various shapes and variations.

The production of a wall fall according to the invention is manufacturing technology easily and in a short time possible. The cost of production are below the conventional cost, since the support elements and the insulation can be made individually and only need to be connected. It results in the fall of the wall an excellent thermal insulation property. The vertical forces can be well removed via the two support elements. About the support elements can be obtained after application of mortar during the masonry of the fall of the wall very good stability.

In a preferred implementation, the insulation comprises a first region (31), a second region (32) and a third region (33). The second region (32) may lie between the first and the third region (31, 33). The first and third areas (31, 33) can be flush with the support elements (20). In this embodiment, the connection between the mortar and the support member is improved because the lateral contact between the support member and the mortar is optimal.

The feature "running exclusively through the insulation" means that the cutting plane does not extend through the support members, but only through the insulation. In this embodiment results for the fall of the wall an improved thermal insulation property with simultaneous very good removal of the vertical forces on the two support members. About the support elements can be obtained after application of mortar during the masonry of the fall of the wall very good stability.

In a preferred implementation, the cutting plane (41) is a mirror plane. In this case, the production of the lintel is simplified, since identical support members can be used for the two support members and it does not depend on the orientation of the insulation in mechanical connection with the support members.

In a preferred implementation, the angle α is between 30 and 60 degrees. In this embodiment, the connection between the support elements and the insulation is optimal.

In an alternative implementation, the second region (32) of the insulation has two notches (32a). The incisions preferably have a concave, half-rounded shape. In this alternative implementation, the connection of the insulation with the two support elements is particularly good.

In a preferred implementation, the insulation (30) has a lower thermal conductivity than the support elements (20) and their thermal conductivity is less than 0.1 W / (mK). In other words, the specific thermal conductivity λ1 of the insulation is smaller than the specific thermal conductivity λ2 of the support elements, where λ1 <λ2. In addition, λ1 <0.1 W (mK). Thermal conductivity according to this disclosure is the thermal conductivity or thermal conductivity Lamdba, measured as SI unit in watts per Kelvin and per meter. In other words, lambda describes the material property of conducting heat. By using insulation with the above properties, the thermal insulation is optimal.

In a preferred implementation, the wall lintel (1) has a height h and a width b. In this case: 0.1 <h / b <1.5. Thus, the molded block simultaneously provides the necessary thermal insulation and a mechanical stabilization, as well as a high insulation performance by the prevention of thermal bridges.

In a preferred implementation, the first region (31) has a width b1 and the third region (33) has a width b3. In this case: 0.1 <b3 / b1 <0.3. In this embodiment, the transfer of vertical forces to the lower masonry is improved.

In a preferred implementation, the first area (31) has a height h1 and the third area (33) has a height h3. In this case: 0.1 <h1 / h3 <0.5. As a result, an improved mechanical connection between the support elements and the insulation is achieved.

In a preferred implementation, the support elements (2) on a reinforcement (50) in the form of steel rods. The use of reinforcement (50) in the form of steel bars can give the wall fall additional mechanical stability and good resilience through vertical forces.

In a further aspect, the present invention relates to a method for producing a wall lintel (1). The method may include the following consecutive steps: a) providing two support members (20) and an insulation (30), b) mechanically connecting the two support members (20) and the insulation such that the support members (20) are thermally separated from each other ,

In a further aspect, the present invention relates to the use of the fall of the wall (1) in the field of building construction or civil engineering. In particular, the present invention also relates to the use of the lintel (1) to top off a wall opening, e.g. a door or window opening, in a thermally insulated brickwork.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

In the following, by way of example and not limitation, some particular embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the accompanying figures. The particular embodiments are merely illustrative of the general inventive concept, but do not limit the invention.

It shows the: Figure 1 shows a fall in a mirror-symmetrical implementation, consisting of an insulation and two support elements.

Fig. 2 is a schematic front view of a fall in a mirror-symmetrical implementation.

Fig. 3 shows a fall in a mirror-symmetrical implementation, consisting of an insulation and two support elements, and a running through the insulation section plane.

Fig. 4 is a schematic front view of a wall lintel in a mirror-symmetrical implementation, consisting of an insulation and two support elements comprising a reinforcement.

Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a fall of the wall in an alternative implementation with insulation cut second area.

Fig. 6 is a schematic front view of a wall lintel in an alternative implementation with insulation cut second area.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

Fig. 1 shows a lintel (1) in a mirror-symmetrical implementation, consisting of an insulation (30) and two support members (20). The fall (1) is 73 mm high and 120 mm wide. The support members are concrete in this implementation. The insulation consists of a material referred to in Table 1 with a thermal conductivity lambda of less than 0.1 W / (mK)

Preferably, the insulation consists of foamed polyurethane, which has a very good dimensional stability.

Fig. 2 shows a schematic front view of a wall lintel (1) in a mirror-symmetrical implementation, consisting of an insulation (30) and two support members (20), wherein the insulation (30) in a first region (31), a second Portion (32) and a third region (33) is divided, wherein the second region (32) between the first and the third region (31, 33) and the first and third region (31, 33) with the support elements (20 ) finish flush.

Fig. 3 shows a wall fall in a mirror-symmetrical implementation, consisting of an insulation (30) and two support members (20), wherein the insulation (30) in a first region (31), a second region (32) and a third region (33) is divided, wherein the second region (32) between the first and the third region (31, 33) is located. In this case, the second region (32) has two contact surfaces (40) with the two support elements (20), the contact surfaces (40) being angled relative to a cutting plane (41) of the insulation extending exclusively through the insulation in each case by an angle α. The angle α is 35 ° in this implementation. This angle has proven to be particularly advantageous in terms of optimal removal of the forces in the bricked fall.

Fig. 4 shows a schematic front view of a wall lintel (1) in a mirror-symmetrical implementation, consisting of an insulation (30) and two support elements (20) and a reinforcement (50). In addition, the height h and width b of the fall (1) and the height h1 and width b1 of the first area (31) and the height h3 and width b3 of the third area (33) are shown. The height h1 is 8 mm, the height h3 is 25 mm, the width b1 is 120 mm and the width b3 is 20 mm. Through this

Dimensioning essentially results in a cuboid shape of the fall of the wall, wherein the total height h is smaller than the entire width b. It has been shown that in this way a very good stability of the masonry can be achieved.

Fig. 5 shows a perspective view of a lintel (1) in an alternative implementation. The second region (32) of the insulation has two recesses (32a) in the direction of the first region (31) up to a distance to the first region of 7 cm. The incisions start at a distance of 22 cm from the cutting plane and have a concave shape.

Fig. 6 shows a schematic front view of a wall lintel (1) in an alternative implementation. The second area (32) of the insulation has two notches (32a). The second region (32) of the insulation has two recesses (32a) in the direction of the first region (31) up to a distance to the first region of 7 cm. The incisions start at a distance of 22 cm from the cutting plane and have a concave shape. In this implementation, the connection of the insulation with the two support elements is improved.

REFERENCE LIST 1 Burst 20 Support element 30 Insulation 31 First area 32 Second area 33 Third area 40 Contact area 41 Cutting plane 50 Reinforcement

Claims (10)

claims A wall lintel (1) in the form of an elongate support, comprising two thermally separated support elements (20) and an insulation (30) lying between the support elements (20), the insulation comprising a first region (31), a second region (32) and a third region (33), wherein the second region (32) lies between the first and the third region (31, 33) and has two contact surfaces (40) with the two retaining elements (20), wherein the contact surfaces (40) are each bent at an angle α relative to a cutting plane (41) running exclusively through the insulation, the angle α being between 20 and 70 degrees. 2. A fall (1) according to claim 1, wherein the insulation comprises a first region (31), a second region (32) and a third region (33), the second region (32) between the first region and the third region (32). 31, 33) and the first and third regions (31, 33) are flush with the support elements (20). 3. Wall fall (1) according to claim 1, wherein the cutting plane (41) is a mirror plane. 4. fall of the wall (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the insulation (30) has a lower thermal conductivity than the support members (20) and whose thermal conductivity λ1 is less than 0.1 W / (mK). 5. fall of the wall (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the wall lintel (1) has a height h and a width b, wherein 0.1 <h / b <1.5. The lintel (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first region (31) has a width b1 and the third region (33) has a width b3, wherein 0.1 <b3 / b1 <0.3. The lintel (1) according to claim 1, wherein the first region (31) has a height h1 and the third region (33) has a height h3, wherein 0.1 <h1 / h3 <0.5. 8. wall lintel (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the support elements (2) have a reinforcement (50) in the form of steel bars. A method for producing a fall (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the following consecutive steps: a) providing two support elements (20) and an insulation (30), b) mechanically connecting the two support elements (20) and the insulation such that the support members (20) are thermally separated from each other. 10. Use of the lintel (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8 in the field of building construction or civil engineering, in particular for the upper conclusion of a wall opening in a thermally insulated brickwork.