AT501979A1 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DRILLING, IN PARTICULAR FITTING OR TORQUE DRILLING, A HOLE IN FLOOR OR ROCK MATERIAL - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and device for drilling, particularly percussion or rotary percussion drilling, a hole in soil or rock material and for producing an anchoring. According to the invention, a drill bit (2) fastened to drilling rods (3) makes a drilled hole (1). A number of, in particular, wedge-shaped spreading elements (7) oriented contrary to the direction of drilling (6) are provided in a part joined to the drill bit (2). These spreading elements can be introduced into the wall of the drilled hole (1) after the drilled hole (1) is completed whereby making it possible to obtain a secure anchoring immediately after the drilled hole (1) has been completed.

Description

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The present invention relates to a method for drilling, in particular percussion or rotary impact drilling, a hole in soil or rock material and fixing an anchor in the hole, wherein a borehole is formed by a drill bit mounted on a drill string. The invention further relates to a device for drilling, in particular percussion or rotary impact drilling, a hole in soil or rock material and for the production of an anchor, wherein a drill bit mounted on a drill string forms a borehole.

In connection with the production of a hole in soil or rock material and a subsequent definition of an anchorage or a lining in the borehole, it is known, for example, from WO 98/21439 and WO 98/58132, during the drilling process, for example a punch or rotary impact drilling to introduce a cladding tube in the wellbore, whereupon after completion of the bore optionally a portion of the drill bit is removed together with the drill pipe from the well while the cladding tube remains in the well, so that subsequently by filling with a hardening mass an anchor is formed in the borehole. According to the embodiment according to WO 98/58132, the drill pipe can be formed on its outer circumference with additional ribs and grooves, so that a fate of the drill string in the borehole and a subsequent backfilling a correspondingly good anchor effect can be achieved. To further improve the anchoring effect, for example, from AT-U 5644 known to bring the cladding tube by expanding its outer periphery in abutment against the inner wall of the borehole.

Alternatively, after a well has been produced, it is known to remove the drill with the drill string from the well, then a separate anchor or an anchor device is introduced into the well, as described, for example, in EP-B 0 241 451, US Pat. A 4,490,074, DE-AS 21 05 888, US-A 4,310,266 or EP-A 0 875 663 has become known. ···· ···· ···························································································· «· · · · ············ ···············

A disadvantage of this known prior art is the fact that in a first step, the borehole must be prepared, whereupon after removal of the drilling tool together with the drill pipe in a further process step, the anchor device is introduced into the possibly a large length having borehole, which then by Removing the corresponding holding device with expansion of the outer diameter succeeds an investment in the borehole wall. It is immediately apparent that not only for the two separate steps, a correspondingly increased time is required, but that, where appropriate, a subsequent introduction of such an anchor device of great length is associated with difficulties. Furthermore, it can be assumed that a removal of the drilling device together with the drill pipe and a subsequent introduction of the anchoring device is feasible only in relatively solid soil or rock, which must be ensured that not, for example, during the drilling process or after removing the drill and before the final introduction of the anchoring device material breaks into the wellbore, so that the wellbore would be blocked, whereby an introduction of the anchor device is no longer possible.

The present invention therefore aims to develop a method and an apparatus of the type mentioned in that with a simplified design and reduced time immediately after completion of a well an anchorage to the inner wall of the well can be achieved.

To solve these objects, the method according to the invention starting from a method of the type mentioned above essentially characterized in that after completion of the well a plurality of spaced from the drill bit, running counter to the drilling direction, in particular wedge-shaped expansion elements in the wall of the borehole is applied. The fact that, after completion of the borehole, anchoring directly over the direction of the boring direction, ie in the direction in which it is bored, is possible -specific wedge-shaped spreading is done, can be dispensed with the additional step of a separate introduction of an anchorage in the completed wellbore after a previous removal of the drill string and the drilling tool, so that a corresponding time savings can be achieved. In addition, the method according to the invention can be applied regardless of the soil or rock material to be drilled, since an anchorage is made immediately after forming the borehole in the borehole, so that even with loose rock, in which optionally a break-in at least after removal of the Drilling tool and would be feared before introducing an anchor, no difficulties are to be feared as in subsequently produced anchors. By applying or exiting the counter to the drilling direction, in particular wedge-shaped spreading immediately occurs at least the tips of the spreading, which run counter to the drilling direction, so that a correspondingly good anchoring effect immediately after completion of the well can be achieved. For a particularly simple deployment of the expansion elements after completion of the borehole is proposed according to a preferred embodiment that the deployment of the spreading elements by a rotational movement of the drill string against the direction of rotation for producing the borehole triggered by the drill bit and / or made. It can thus be achieved in a conventional manner, the production of a borehole by a percussion or rotary impact drilling by providing a certain direction of rotation during the drilling operation, and then triggered after completion of the borehole spreading the spreading by a rotational movement of the drill string against the direction of rotation for producing the borehole and / or made. For a simple introduction of the spreading elements without hindering the drilling process is in accordance with a further preferred Ausfüh- ········· · t ···· * + ······· * ······· · · · ··! During the drilling process, the expansion elements are provided in the direction of the To be biased drill pipe.

To improve the anchoring effect and / or to support a proper entry of the spreading, which run counter to the drilling direction, in particular wedge-shaped tips, is proposed according to a further preferred embodiment, that during the escape of the spreading and / or alternately with the exit movement thereof the drill pipe is biased against the direction of drilling towards the open end of the borehole or withdrawn. By a simultaneous and / or alternating pulling or acting on the drill string and thus the spreading elements during the exit movement, the tips of the spreading occur deeper into the material, so that there is a corresponding support for anchoring effect.

After the spreading or emergence of the spreading an anchor element is formed on the remaining drill hole in the wellbore and the drill bit. If special requirements are made of the anchoring, it is proposed according to a further preferred embodiment that after completion of the borehole and exit or anchoring of the spreading the drill string is divided in particular in the region of the spreading and removed from the borehole and an anchorage, in particular a Strand anchor is replaced, which is connected to the remaining in the borehole portion of the drill string, in particular screwed, is. By inventively provided subdivision of the drill string and thus the possibility of Ent-fernens a portion is made possible after completion of the borehole and a leakage or anchoring of the spreading the drill pipe by a corresponding specialized anchoring element, for example, a strand anchor, which with the Drill hole in the remaining portion of the drill string and the drill bit connected accordingly, for example, is screwed.

To solve the problems initially posed a device of the type mentioned above is essentially characterized in that in a subsequent to the drill bit a plurality of particular wedge-shaped, counter to the drilling direction oriented expansion elements is provided, which after completion of the borehole in the wall the borehole can be brought out. By emerging after completion of the borehole, in particular wedge-shaped and oriented counter to the drilling direction expansion elements can be directly secure anchoring achieve a corresponding time savings. For a reliable and not disturbing the drilling introducing the expansion elements is proposed according to a further preferred embodiment, that the spreading elements acted upon during the drilling operation in the direction of the drill string, in particular by at least one bracket are biased. For a reliable spreading of the spreading and for introducing a corresponding anchoring force or effect is proposed according to a further preferred embodiment that a particular annular expansion element is mounted on the circumference of the drill string and in a rotational movement of the drill string in one to a rotary motion in carrying out the drilling operation opposite direction in the direction of the drill bit along the longitudinal direction of the drill string is displaced and cooperates with the wedge-shaped spreading elements, which are pivotally connected to a particular fixed to the drill string and connected between the expansion element and the drill bit bearing element.

As indicated above, the impact or rotary impact drilling is carried out by a movement of the drill bit of the drill string in a predetermined direction of rotation, wherein the direction of rotation of the drill string is reversed for spreading the spreading. In order to avoid an impairment of the drilling process and safely after completion of the borehole the spreading elements in a Um- ···························································································. V Φ t ····

In addition, it is proposed to be able to apply the rotational movement of the drill string in that at least one spring element is provided on the expander element, which can be received in a recess or recess on the circumference of the expander element during the drilling process and cooperates with at least one profiling element on at least one expander element upon reversal of the direction of rotation with the expander element to prevent a rotational movement and to cause by providing a threaded connection to a displacement along the longitudinal direction, as corresponds to a further preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention. There is thus the drilling operation to the effect that the expansion element moves in the manner of a ratchet relative to the expansion elements, while reversing the direction of rotation, the spring element cooperates directly with at least one profiling on at least one spreading elements to prevent the expansion element from rotating, wherein Provision of a correspondingly extending threaded connection a displacement of the expansion element in the longitudinal direction of the drill string and in particular in the direction of the drill bit is made to escape the running counter to the drilling direction, wedge-shaped expansion elements.

To achieve a corresponding flushing effect even when providing the expansion element surrounding the drill string, it is proposed according to a further preferred embodiment that at least one flushing channel extending in the longitudinal direction of the device be provided in the expansion element.

To achieve a uniform anchoring effect over the region of the borehole is also provided that the expandable expansion elements are arranged distributed substantially uniformly over the circumference of the drill string, as corresponds to a further preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention. As a result, uniformly high anchoring forces can be introduced over the circumference of the borehole and the drill pipe into the surrounding soil or rock material. ···· 9999 # • · · · · · 9 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

7

In addition to such homogenization of the forces to be introduced over the circumference of the device according to the invention can be provided to further increase the anchoring forces to be introduced that a plurality of expandable expansion elements is provided at different distances from the drill bit on the circumference of the drill string, as a further preferred embodiment of the invention Device corresponds. By such, arranged at different distances from the drill bit, expandable expansion elements can be over a greater length, especially in the front region of the device according to the invention achieve a correspondingly secure anchoring when expanding the expandable expansion elements, so that even with possibly loose rock at least some of the different Distance from the drill bit arranged spreading elements, which are distributed in addition over the circumference of the device according to the invention, can ensure a secure and reliable anchoring.

For further homogenization of the anchoring effect over the circumference as well as a longitudinal extent of the device according to the invention is proposed according to a further preferred embodiment that arranged at different distances from the drill bit spreading elements in the circumferential direction of the drill string offset from each other.

To simplify the Ausbringvorgangs the individual spreading elements, which are arranged according to a preferred embodiment at different distances from the top of the borehole or the drill bit, is proposed according to a further preferred embodiment that arranged at different distances from the drill bit spreading with a common, along Sliding element arranged displaceably in the drill string interacts.

Instead of the formation of an anchor through the drill pipe remaining in the borehole as well as through the drill bit is proposed according to a further preferred embodiment, that the ··················································································· · · · ··· ··· ····

• · · fr ······················· ···

Drill pipe is divisible into subregions, in particular in the region of the spreading elements, and an anchor element, in particular a screw head of a stranded anchor, can be connected to the subregion of the drill pipe remaining in the borehole and connected to the drill bit. This makes it possible, after completion of the borehole and an anchoring or exit of the spreading elements on a special anchoring effect tuned anchor elements, in particular a strand anchor to bring, which is connected in a particularly simple manner with the remaining portion of the drill pipe in the wellbore.

In order to achieve a corresponding flushing action is also preferably provided that the drill string is formed in a conventional manner in the interior with a flushing channel. such a flushing channel can be used not only for introducing flushing fluid during the drilling process, but optionally also for introducing a hardening material, which is introduced in the region of the tip and / or the region of the expansion elements.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments schematically illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In this show:

1 shows a partial section through a first embodiment of a device according to the invention for carrying out the method according to the invention.

Fig. 2 in a similar to Figure 1 representation of a section, wherein opposite to the drilling direction, wedge-shaped spreading enter the borehole wall after completion of the bore.

3 shows a section along the line III-III through the region of the spreading elements and of the expansion element of the device according to the invention;

FIG. 4 shows, in a representation similar to FIG. 1, a section through a modified embodiment of a device according to the invention for carrying out the method according to the invention, including the following: FIG. 4 »♦ ♦ • ♦ ·

9 is provided along the longitudinal direction of the device a plurality of spreading elements;

Fig. 5 is a partial section similar to FIG. 4, wherein at least one expansion element has leaked into the wall of the surrounding wellbore

FIG. 6 is a sectional view, similar to FIG. 4, of a further modified embodiment of a device according to the invention for carrying out the method according to the invention, wherein the drill string is designed divided in the area of the spreading elements; FIG. and

Fig. 7 in a similar to Fig. 5 representation of a partial section of the embodiment of FIG. 6, wherein the remote from the drill bit of the drill string and removed by an anchor element, in particular a strand anchor after leakage of at least one expansion element in the wall of surrounding borehole is replaced.

In Fig. 1 and 2, 1 denotes a wall of a borehole, which is produced by a drill bit indicated schematically by 2, wherein the drill bit 2 is mounted on a drill pipe denoted by 3-th, in a known manner by means not shown a shock and torsional stress of the drill pipe 3 for producing the borehole 1 via provided outside the borehole 1 drive means takes place. The drill pipe 3 is also provided with a drilling channel 4 indicated schematically for rinsing the drill bit 2 and optionally for discharging the degraded material during the drilling process.

At a distance from the drill bit 2, a fixed nut 5 is provided on the drill pipe 3, after which a plurality of extending in a direction opposite to the drilling direction 6, wedge-shaped spreading elements 7 are arranged distributed along the circumference of the drill string 3. The spreading elements 7 are acted upon during the drilling process shown in FIG. 1 by a bracket 8 in a position, in. --··········································································································································································································································· 7 within the defined by the drill bit 2, clear cross-section of the borehole 1, so as not to interfere with the drilling process.

After completion of the borehole 1, wherein the drill bit 2 is rotated counterclockwise in the direction of arrow 9 in Fig. 3 and thus left-handed, there is a reversal of the direction of rotation of the drill string 3 against the drilling direction 9, so that between at least one wedge-shaped expansion element 7 and a mounted on the drill pipe 3 expansion element 10 provided spring element 11 exits from a corresponding recess or recess 12 on the circumference of the expansion element 10 and cooperates with a profiling 13 on the inner circumference of the expansion element 7, so that upon reversal of the direction of rotation of the drill pipe 3 and provision a corresponding thread formation on the outer circumference of the drill pipe 3 and the expansion element 10, the expansion element 10 in the direction of the arrow 6 in the direction of the drill bit 2 shifts or shifts, as indicated by an arrow 14 in Fig. 2. By the displacement of the expander 10 in the direction of the arrow 14 and in the drilling direction 6 is a Ver-pivoting of the spreading 7 in the position shown in Fig. 2, wherein each of the tips 15 of the spreading 7 enter the surrounding borehole wall 1 and thus the Anchor anchors formed by the drill pipe 3 and the drill bit 2 safely anchored in the produced hole 1.

To support or improve the anchoring effect can be provided hiebei that either simultaneously with the movement of the expander 10 and thus the spreading of the spreading 7 in the surrounding borehole wall 1, a tensile stress on the drill string 3 against the arrows 6 and 14 is made so that the tips 15 of the wedge-shaped spreading elements 7 dig deep or deeper into the surrounding borehole wall 1 or deep. For a proper removal of the mined material or to achieve a corresponding flushing effect is da-

11, moreover, in FIGS. 1 and 2 at least one flushing channel 16 in the expansion element 10 is indicated.

As can be seen from FIGS. 1 to 3, a plurality of wedge-shaped spreading elements 7 are arranged along the circumference of the drill pipe 3, wherein in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 four segment-like wedge-shaped spreading elements 7 are provided to achieve a corresponding anchoring action. The spreading elements 7 are hiebei correspondingly mounted on the biasing bracket 8 or hinged to a likewise provided on the drill pipe 3 bearing element.

According to the anchoring effect to be achieved and / or the nature of the surrounding soil or rock material, the spreading elements 7 are arranged in their length, training, prestressing force and number corresponding to the circumference of the drill pipe 3.

In Fig. 1, a locking pin 20 is also provided behind the expansion element 10 to secure it against accidental movement or loss. The extent of the longitudinal displacement of AufWeitelements 10 during deployment of the wedge-shaped spreading elements 7 can hiebei from the apparent in Fig. 2 distance between the locking pin 20 and facing away from the drill bit 2 end of AufWeitelements 10 recognize.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, a drill bit 2 for producing the borehole 1 is in turn mounted on a drill string designated 3. While the wedge-shaped spreading elements 7 are provided substantially side by side on the circumference of the drill pipe 3 in the imple mentation form shown in FIG. 1 to 3, is provided in this embodiment that at different distances from the drill bit 2 a plurality of 17 and 18 designated spreading elements is arranged. Similar to the previous embodiment, drilling is carried out, for example, by a movement of the drill string 3 in the counterclockwise direction, while after completion of the borehole

12 1 by reversing the direction of rotation of the drill pipe 3 a spreading or extension of the expansion elements 17 and 18 again takes place in that by a corresponding engagement of a spring element 12 is a displacement or displacement of the in turn designated 10 expander in the direction of the drill bit 2, as indicated in Fig. 5, so that by corresponding ramp-like portions 19 of the expander 10, the arranged at different distances from the drill bit 2 spreading elements 17 and 18 enter the borehole wall 1. In addition to a different distance of the spreading elements 17 and 18 of the drill bit 2 may be provided for a homogenization of the anchoring effect beyond that the spreading elements 17 and 18 distributed and offset over the circumference of the drill string 3 are arranged, this particular for spreading 17 and 18 of interest, which extend over a small portion or opening angle over the circumference of the drill pipe 3.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, similar to the embodiment according to FIGS. 4 and 5, a plurality of spreading elements 17 and 18 are arranged at different distances from the drill bit 2. Similarly, as in the previous imple mentation form drilling is again carried out by a movement of the drill string 3 in the counterclockwise direction, while after completion of the borehole 1 by reversing the drilling direction of the drill string 3, a spreading or exit of the spreading 17 and 18 again takes place in that, by a corresponding engagement of the spring element 12, there is a displacement or displacement of the expansion element, again designated 10, in the direction of the drill bit 2, as can be seen from FIG. Similar to the embodiment according to FIGS. 4 and 5, a common expansion element 10 is used for the plurality of longitudinally arranged expansion elements 17 and 18. ·················· · · · · · # · ♦ ·· ··· · - 13 -

In the embodiment according to FIGS. 6 and 7, it can be seen that the drill string 3 can be divided into partitions 3 'and 3 " is divided, with a connection 23 between the subregions 3 'and 3 " the drill string can be achieved for example with a conical hexagonal guide.

After completion of the bore and leakage of at least some spreading elements, as indicated in Fig. 7, there is a separation of the drill string elements 3 'and 3 ", whereupon a designated 21 screw head of a designated 22 strand anchor is introduced and in a Internal thread of the hollow drill pipe or the remaining in the hole 1 portion 3 'thereof is screwed. It can thus be after completion of the well 1 and correspondingly secure anchoring by leakage of the expansion elements 17 and 18 after a reversal of the direction of rotation of the drill pipe 3, as described in connection with the preceding embodiment, for example, on the conditions of the surrounding soil - or rock material tuned anchoring element, for example in the form of the strand anchor 22, after removal of the portion 3 " Insert the drill pipe 3 and anchor securely. Such an approach can hiebei according to the choice of material of the introduced anchor 22 represent an alternative to other possible permanent anchor.

Claims (16)

····· «··········· 1. A method for drilling, in particular impact or rotary impact drilling, a hole in soil or rock material and fixing an anchor in the hole, wherein a borehole is formed by a drill bit mounted on a drill string, characterized in that after completion of the borehole a plurality of spaced apart from the drill bit, running counter to the drilling direction, in particular wedge-shaped spreading elements in the wall of the wellbore is applied , 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the spreading of the spreading elements triggered by a rotational movement of the drill string opposite to the direction of rotation for the production of the borehole through the drill bit and / or made. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the spreading elements are biased during the drilling operation in the direction of the drill string. 4. The method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that during the exit of the spreading and / or alternately with the exit movement of the same, the drill pipe against the drilling direction towards the open end of the borehole is acted upon or withdrawn. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that after completion of the borehole and emergence or anchoring of the spreading the drill string is divided in particular in the region of the spreading and removed from the borehole and is replaced by an anchor element, in particular a strand anchor , which is connected to the remaining in the borehole portion of the drill string, in particular screwed, is. 6. A device for drilling, in particular impact or rotary impact drilling, a hole in soil or rock material and for the production of an anchorage, wherein a drill bit mounted on a drill string forms a borehole, characterized marked ···· ···· ··· ······ In a part adjoining the drill bit (2) a plurality of in particular wedge-shaped spreading elements (7, 17, 18) oriented counter to the drilling direction (6) are provided which after completion of the borehole (1) in the wall of the borehole (1) are ausbringbar. 7. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the spreading elements (7, 17, 18) during the drilling operation in Rich direction to the drill string (3) acted upon, in particular by at least one bracket (8) are biased. 8. Apparatus according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that a particular annular expansion element (10) is mounted on the circumference of the drill string (3) and in a rotational movement of the drill string (3) in one to a rotational movement (9) when carrying out the drilling operation opposite direction in the direction of the drill bit (2) along the longitudinal direction of the drill string (3) is displaceable and with the wedge-shaped expansion elements (7, 17, 18) cooperates, in particular pivotally connected to a drill pipe (3) in particular fixed and between the Expander element (10) and the drill bit (2) arranged bearing element are articulated. 9. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the expansion element (10) at least one spring element (11) is provided, which during the drilling operation in a recess or recess (12) on the periphery of the expansion element (10) is receivable and reversal the direction of rotation with at least one profiling (13) facing the interior of the device cooperates with at least one spreading element (7) to prevent the expansion element (10) from rotating and causing displacement (14) along the longitudinal direction by providing a threaded connection , 10. Apparatus according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that in the expansion element (10) at least one extending in the longitudinal direction of the device flushing channel (16) is provided. • t ···· • · · · ♦ · ♦ ·· «· · ······························································ • · # · ·· »16 • · · # · • 11. Device according to one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that the expandable spreading elements (7, 17, 18) are arranged distributed substantially uniformly over the circumference of the drill string. 12. Device according to one of claims 6 to 11, characterized in that a plurality of expandable expansion elements (17, 18) at different distances from the drill bit (2) on the circumference of the drill string (3) is provided. 13. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that at different distances from the drill bit (2) arranged spreading elements (17, 18) in the circumferential direction of the drill string (3) are arranged offset from one another. 14. The apparatus of claim 12 or 13, characterized in that at different distances from the drill bit (2) arranged spreading elements (17, 18) with a common along the drill string (3) slidably disposed expansion element (10) cooperate. 15. Device according to one of claims 6 to 14, characterized in that the drill pipe (3) in particular in the region of the spreading elements (17, 8) in partial areas (3 ', 3 ") is divisible and an anchor element, in particular a screw head (21 ) of a strand anchor (22), with the remaining in the wellbore (1) and with the drill bit (2) connected to the portion of the drill string is connectable. 16. Device according to one of claims 6 to 15, characterized in that the drill string (3) in a conventional manner in the interior with a flushing channel (4) is formed. Vienna, May 27, 2005 Dipl.-Ing. Walter Karpellus by patent attorneys Miksovsky & Pollhammer OEG