WO2014005166A2

WO2014005166A2 - Method and device for making drill holes and fixing an anchor in the drill hole

Info

Publication number: WO2014005166A2
Application number: PCT/AT2013/000115
Authority: WO
Inventors: Karl BÖHM; Walter Karpellus
Original assignee: Dywidag-Systems International Gmbh
Priority date: 2012-07-06
Filing date: 2013-07-05
Publication date: 2014-01-09
Also published as: DE112013003397B4; AT526264A5; AT13292U1; DE112013003397A5; WO2014005166A3

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for rotary and/or percussion drilling of drill holes in earth material, soil material or rock material and fixing an anchor in the drill hole, wherein a drill hole is formed by a drill bit (2) mounted on a drill rod (4) and a starter pipe (3) surrounding the drill rod (4) and arranged on a rear face of the drill bit (2) facing away from the drilling surface is introduced into the drill hole simultaneously with the drill bit (2). After completion of the drill hole, an anchoring element (9) having a longitudinal slit (8) is expanded by being pulled back opposite to the advancing direction of the drill, wherein a region of the starter pipe (3) having a larger diameter (5) than an adjacent region of the starter pipe (3) is pulled back into a sleeve-shaped anchoring element (9) having a longitudinal slit (8) and arranged at a region of relatively small diameter (7) of the starter pipe (3). The invention also relates to a device for this purpose.

Description

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR FORMING DRILLING HOLES AND FIXING AN ANCHORAGE IN THE BOREHOLE

The present invention relates to a method for rotating and / or punching holes in soil, soil or rock material and defining an anchorage in the wellbore, wherein a wellbore is formed by a drill bit supported on a drill string, and a drill string surrounding, arranged on a remote from a mining surface back of the drill bit novice tube is introduced simultaneously with the drill bit in the hole, wherein a longitudinal slot exhibiting anchoring element is expanded after completion of the borehole by retracting against Bohrvortriebsrichtung, and a device for rotating and / or burring holes in earth, soil or rock material and defining an anchorage in the wellbore formed by a drill bit supported on a drill string, a back side surrounding the drill string and facing away from a disassembly surface Rider tube arranged arranged drill bit and a longitudinal slot exhibiting, sleeve-shaped anchoring element is provided. Methods and apparatus for drilling holes in soil, soil or rock have long been known in a variety of constructions, as have corresponding methods and apparatus for securing an anchor therein after formation of a hole in said materials.

The trainees to be formed after completion of a bore anchoring here can take place by opposite to Bohrdrtriebsrichtung in the soil or rock material to be introduced wedge-shaped spreading, the anchoring is in this case carried out by retraction of the drill string opposite the drilling propulsion direction, in which retraction spreads these spreading elements be penetrated by the pulling movement to a certain depth in the surrounding soil or rock material. Such anchoring is described, for example, in WO 2006 / 125242A1, in which the wedge-shaped spreading elements oriented counter to the direction of drilling advance into the wall of the borehole after completion of the borehole by retracting the drill string and subjecting the wedge-shaped elements to loading by a loading element or run-on the wedge-shaped elements are widened to a stop and penetrate into the borehole wall. A disadvantage of such devices is the fact that the expansion elements are arranged as well as the expansion device directly to a drill pipe, which drill pipe towards the borehole has no possibility of protection against penetrating rock, so that in the worst case by laying the Aufspreizvorrichtung by breaking rock material the device may possibly even be ineffective.

Another type of anchoring device, in which, however, the spreading elements form part of a substantially pipe-shaped element surrounding a drill pipe, is described in WO 2008/154669, wherein also in this device the anchoring by retraction of the drill string and an application the Aufspreizelements and penetration of the Aufspreizelements is achieved in the borehole wall. Also, this device is relatively complex and it is above all not secured against the fact that the Aufspreizelemente not damaged during a Bohrvortriebs or even unusable and can not reliably penetrate into the borehole wall in the event of use.

A completely different way of forming an anchoring is given by so-called dragged tubular anchoring elements, as described for example in DE-PS 312 08 09, which either have a deviating from a circular outer contour, which outer contour are widened so far by introducing an expander can until the outer periphery of the anchoring element comes into contact with the borehole wall. A disadvantage of this known anchoring device is that, in particular when a slot or recess is present in the anchoring element. is seen, the collapsing rock or soil material penetrate into the interior of the anchoring element and can lead to damage or a laying of the cross section between the drill string and the anchoring element, so that either the drilling progress, such as the introduction of flushing fluid, which for cooling the drill head is required by such an intrusion of the rock material is hindered, or that after forming an anchor such anchoring can not be solved, it should turn out that the chosen location for the formation of anchorage due to unfavorable soil or rock conditions for a sufficient hold of the set anchor is not suitable.

Another disadvantage of known anchors is that they are often formed from penetrating into the surrounding rock material devices and in particular when the surrounding rock material is loose or "less solid rock or earth material", the anchorage formed can not absorb a sufficient load and in the worst case can be torn out again.

The present invention now aims to provide a method and a device with which (which) it is possible to avoid the disadvantages of the prior art and in particular a simple and insensitive to disturbances or damage method or apparatus to provide with which (which) it is possible to safely and reliably form a mechanically acted anchorage in all soil, earth or rock formations, especially in less solid, loose or brittle rock or in the presence of water veins, and which anchoring is widened and anchored especially in the deepest borehole.

In order to achieve this object, the method according to the invention is essentially characterized in that a region of the beginner tube which has a larger diameter than an adjacent region of the beginner tube is arranged in a sleeve-shaped anchoring element arranged at an area of smaller diameter of the beginner tube. element is withdrawn. By retracting a region of the beginner tube, which has a larger diameter than an adjacent region of the beginner tube, into an anchoring element arranged at an area of smaller diameter of the beginner tube, a particularly simple widening of the anchoring element by exclusively pulling the beginner tube against the one hand succeeds Bohrvortriebsrichtung without the execution of rotational movements would be required to widen the anchoring element and on the other hand, in such a process management, the anchorage reversible, ie, it should turn out after setting an anchor that this does not provide the intended test load for safe clamping of the anchor , is achieved by the drilling, in particular the rotating and / or beating drilling is resumed, that the area of larger diameter of the beginner tube turn, from the egg NEN longitudinal slot having anchoring element is expelled and is forced back to the sleeve-shaped anchoring element in its original position, so that the hole can be further deepened without damaging any components. Such a reversible fixing is particularly advantageous in so-called face chest anchors, which can be solved with the method according to the invention after the respective catch of the working face or of the borehole deepest and in turn can be set again in the advancing direction by a driving section. Due to the process of the invention and due to the special design of the anchoring element as a sleeve-shaped anchoring element, which has no outwardly directed projections or in the soil, earth or rock material engaging thorns, it is possible, one exclusively by exerting a radially outward directed pressure of the anchoring element to the surrounding mountains to achieve a stable and secure anchorage. With this procedure, it is also possible to place anchor in any rock, as due to the radial compressive stress of the surrounding rock, the risk of breakage of the armature is significantly reduced and the desired test load, especially with significantly shorter anchor lengths can be achieved. The term "drill string" is understood to mean all elements that are usable for inserting a drill bit into a borehole, such as drill string, anchor, combinations of drill string and adapters for releasably securing the linkage to a drill bit and the like

In order to prevent wedging of the sleeve-shaped anchoring element on the beginner tube with certainty, the method according to the invention is preferably developed in such a way that the at least one anchoring element is widened by retracting against the drilling advancing direction and sliding the anchoring element onto a frustoconical sliding surface of the beginner tube. Characterized in that the anchoring element is widened on a frustoconical sliding surface of the beginner tube, on the one hand a successive and uniform expansion of the anchoring element is achieved, during which always a wedge-shaped positive connection between the anchoring element and the mountains is maintained and thus simultaneously a successive increase of the radially outward acting force on the mountains, so that it can already be checked during the retraction of the beginner tube, if or when the required test load for a secure fit of the anchor is achieved and thus any useless position of the anchor, ie too little or too tight clamping of the anchor is withheld until its ripping off with certainty.

Depending on the intended use of the anchoring it is possible according to the present invention to achieve the expansion of the anchoring element by means of different process guides. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the method is performed so that the beginner tube is pulled by retracting the drill string in the anchoring element. In this procedure, retraction of the novelty tube with the drill string and drill bit connected to the drill string is done immediately after completion of the drilling operation. Such a procedure is not only extremely simple, but also makes it possible to make the drilling and anchoring process reversible, ie, should it prove in the course of checking the test load of the anchor that it is too low, for example, due to a less solid or loose mountain area, in which the anchor is set, the anchoring element can be pushed back into its original position by simply continuing drilling, where it in turn adapts to the smaller diameter of the beginner tube due to its resilient training, so that the drilling process can be continued without obstruction. After completion of the renewed drilling operation, a new expansion of the anchoring element can be made.

According to a preferred embodiment of the method, an additional anchoring can be achieved by widening the drill bit by widening an end region of the beginner tube adjoining the drill bit in the direction of the borehole wall. If, after completion of the drilling operation, the drill string is retracted together with the drill bit and the beginner tube, the anchoring element is successively slid over the larger diameter portion of the beginner tube and, after reaching the maximum tension travel, i. if the entire anchoring element has been slid over a larger diameter portion of the beginner tube, additional anchorage can be achieved by maintaining the force directed toward the borehole mouth until the uppermost boring-hole-side edge of the beginner tube protrudes toward the borehole wall and Thus, a further anchoring or another stop on the borehole wall is formed.

In order to keep the friction forces acting on the beginner's tube in the course of widening of the anchoring element as small as possible, the invention according to a preferred development is designed so that the at least one anchoring element slides over an O-ring on the frustoconical sliding surface of the beginner's tube, or as this also corresponds to a preferred development of the present invention, that the at least one anchoring element slides over an open ball bearing cage on the frusto-conical sliding surface of the beginner tube.

With such designs, it is not only possible to reduce the frictional forces to such an extent that a smooth and reliable widening of the anchoring element is achieved. In addition, the material choice of the anchoring element can be changed in such a process management that, for example, a (slotted) plastic sleeve, which in addition to economic benefits and advantages in terms of the weight of the element to be introduced, the easy moldability and Like., Is applied.

In order to facilitate the sliding of the anchoring element on the frustoconical sliding surface of the beginner's tube, according to the present invention, the device is developed such that an O-ring is arranged on the region of the frustoconical sliding surface facing the borehole mouth, or according to another preferred variant an open ball-bearing cage is arranged on the region of the frustoconical sliding surface facing the borehole mouth.

With such a device, it is possible not only to facilitate the sliding or widening of the anchoring element, but if an aid for sliding, such as an O-ring or an open ball bearing is used, according to the present invention, even the anchoring element can be formed as a plastic sleeve in this case, since the radial forces can be so completely absorbed by the beginner tube that a non-destructive sliding of the anchoring element on the beginner element can be ensured.

By, as this corresponds to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method is performed so that the beginner tube is pulled into the anchoring element by a pulling element engaging on a tension member fixed inside the beginner tube, in particular a strand anchor, into the anchoring element Drill was solved, any suitable for the particular purpose anchoring element can be used, such as by a strand anchor or the like., And with this the anchorage are formed. However, according to the present invention, such a process control will only be used if renewed drilling or further drilling due to insufficiently good anchoring is at least precluded.

Finally, as this corresponds to a development of the present invention, the method can be performed so that the beginner tube is retracted by a releasably secured to a drillhole deep end facing away from the beginner tube tension member. In such a process management can be hinged to the beginner tube a separate tension member, for example by means of a screw or a bayonet lock and the beginner tube regardless of the drill pipe and the drill bit to be withdrawn. Such a process control is also complementary to the two aforementioned types of retraction feasible, such a process management has the further effect that the beginner tube subsequently provided on the tension member, for example, with a thin-walled cladding, equipped with openings drainage pipe or the like Direction to the borehole mouth can be extended. In order to ensure a smooth functioning of the widening of the anchoring element after completion of the drilling process, the inventive method is developed so that the larger diameter portion of the beginner tube is introduced substantially into contact with the borehole in the wellbore and that the cuttings formed during the drilling process by a is conveyed away between the beginner tube and the drill string formed annular space.

Furthermore, the present invention is further developed such that the first tube having a plurality, in particular at least two regions of larger diameter, is withdrawn into a corresponding number of anchoring elements arranged on areas of smaller diameter. With such a process management, for example, a secure anchoring in embankments with loose rock material succeeds. The invention further aims at a device for carrying out the method according to the invention, with which a simultaneously structurally simple and suitable for any soil or rock conditions anchoring can be formed, the anchorage is only mechanically activated and deactivated.

To achieve this object, the device according to the invention is characterized in that at least one longitudinal slot exhibiting, sleeve-shaped anchoring element is disposed in a region with respect to adjacent areas of the beginner tube smaller diameter, and that the sleeve-shaped anchoring element in a retracted position of the beginner tube over a range larger Diameter is expandable. By arranging the at least one sleeve-shaped anchoring element having a longitudinal slot in a region with a smaller diameter compared to an adjacent region of the beginner's tube, it is possible, on the one hand, to provide an outer contour of the beginner's tube which essentially has a constant outside diameter and thus can be introduced substantially frictionless in a borehole formed by a drill bit and further in that the sleeve-shaped anchoring element is arranged in a retracted position, in particular a position in which the beginner tube is pulled towards the borehole mouth, over a region of larger diameter, is simultaneously one secure anchoring by the expansion of the sleeve-shaped anchoring element to the area of the beginner tube, which has a larger diameter formed. With such a device, the friction between the anchoring element and the mountain is always greater than that between the beginner's tube and the anchoring element when the beginner's tube moves in the direction of the borehole mouth, which is why the beginner's tube is pulled into the anchoring element with a steadily increasing resistance and, at the same time, anchoring getting stronger or stronger. As a beginner pipe is to be understood in the context of the present invention, a rohrf- örmiges element which alternately has areas of larger and smaller diameter and the wall thickness is sufficient to destroy a sleeve-shaped anchoring element destructively despite the prevailing large friction resistances. In particular, the expansion element provided with an anchoring element can be referred to as a "mechanically activatable dead man", which is made of either metal or plastic. In order to achieve a particularly secure and in particular firm anchoring of the device according to the present invention, the invention is further developed such that the sleeve-shaped anchoring element is designed as a resilient clamping element. Here, the anchoring element is formed so that it has in its unloaded state, ie before drilling in the anchoring element provided with a larger outer diameter of the drill bit and that when drilling into the borehole by reducing the width of the longitudinal slot on the diameter of the borehole is reduced and thus biased. With such a prestressed, resettable anchoring element succeeds not only a safe and reliable expansion, but also the exercise of radially outward forces on the surrounding soil a borehole or rock material, whereby a reliable anchoring is ensured solely by the formation of mechanical forces , According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the anchoring element is designed so that it is formed closed at its end remote from the wellbore bottom end. By the anchoring element and in particular the resilient clamping sleeve is formed closed at its end remote from the wellbore deep end, it is possible to hold the anchoring element in particular during Bohrvortriebs in position to unintentional wedging by possibly between the beginner tube and the accumulated cuttings with security avoid. In order to prevent inadvertent displacement of the anchoring element in the direction of the borehole mouth with certainty, according to a development, the device is designed such that in the region of smaller diameter of the beginner tube a driver, in particular designed as a stop ring driver is arranged. By providing a driver it is ensured that an unintentional widening of the anchoring member, in particular a displacement of the same in the direction of the borehole mouth during the drilling progress is prevented. In order to ensure easy sliding of the anchoring element on the beginner tube and in particular to ensure a sufficient positive connection between the anchoring element and the beginner tube, the device is designed in such a way that the beginner tube is formed on its side facing the anchoring element with a frusto-conical sliding surface. When retracting the beginner's tube in the direction of the borehole mouth, in such a device on the one hand smooth sliding of the anchoring element on the larger diameter portion of the beginner's tube is ensured, and on the other hand a successive increase in force necessary for anchoring until a desired or fixed test load is achieved.

In order to ensure a smooth functioning of the device of the present invention, it is preferably developed so that in the region of concern of the borehole deepest end portion of the beginner tube on the drill bit at least one passage opening for a flow of degraded material in between the beginner tube and the drill string formed annular space is provided. By forming a passage opening between the drill bit and the upper end region of the beginner tube, it is ensured that the drill cuttings formed during drilling are introduced into the annular space formed between the seed tube and the drill pipe, and thus, in particular, the anchoring elements arranged on the borehole wall contaminated as much as possible to ensure smooth operation, and in particular sliding, on the beginner's pipe. For an even safer removal of the cuttings, in particular for a discharge of the same through the annulus between the beginner tube and the drill string and optionally between the beginner tube extending cladding tubes or more beginner tube elements to ensure the apparatus of the invention is preferably developed so that in the drill bit in the area the passage opening for the introduction of degraded material is provided in the direction of the annular space directed flushing opening for introducing flushing fluid. By opening in the region of the passage opening for the discharge of degraded material opening provided for the introduction of flushing fluid, it is possible in particular to ensure the safe removal of the removed cuttings through the annulus, as flushing fluid not only a liquid such as water, but also air can be used, which in particular the unintentional formation of drilling mud in the borehole can be held back and thus contamination of the anchoring element and the cooperating beginner tube is certainly withheld.

For a complete lining of a formed borehole or optionally on the articulation of a drill pipe, the invention is preferably developed in such a way that the beginner pipe is provided with a fixing device, in particular a thread, at its end region facing away from the working face. At such a thread, any further tubular elements, e.g. a drainage pipe equipped with openings or a perforated pipe, which may optionally be formed of plastic, a thin-walled cladding tube or a correspondingly thick-walled pipe, which is suitable for example for the transmission of Einbringkräften be articulated.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the device is designed so that the beginner tube is formed with a plurality of regions of smaller diameter and that in each region of smaller diameter, an anchoring element is arranged. With such a design, it is possible to set a plurality, in particular two anchoring elements on one and the same beginner tube and thereby a higher force or higher radial Apply forces to the soil or rock material to be secured and thereby increase the load-bearing capacity of the anchorage as a whole.

For special embodiments of the device according to the invention, it is possible according to a development of the invention that a plurality of beginner tubes is arranged one behind the other, in which case any number of anchoring elements can be introduced into a borehole. In general, however, it is best, both for economic and technical reasons, to bring in and fix the anchoring element as close to the well as possible, in order to keep the total depth of the well as low as possible.

In order to ensure a safe and reliable introduction of the beginner tube into the borehole together with the drilling of the hole, according to a preferred development, the device is designed such that a holding element for the beginner tube is arranged on the drill bit. Such a driver is able to feed a beginner tube into the borehole while the drill bit is rotating and / or hammering, without turning the beginner tube and / or without transferring the striking motion to the beginner tube. With such a design, it is thus possible to withstand damage or excessive loading of the beginner's tube or an optionally connected cladding tube.

For special designs of anchors, according to a preferred embodiment, the beginner tube can be designed such that a tension transmission element is provided in its interior. With such a design, for example, after completion of the drilling operation, it is possible to disengage the drill string from the drill bit and to direct a special anchor, such as a strand anchor, with which retraction of the beginner tube and thus securing of the anchor is performed instead of the drill string.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments shown in the drawing. In these show: 1 shows a device according to the invention in a state before the bracing of the anchoring elements,

2 shows a device according to the invention with only one anchoring element in a tensioned state in good mountains,

3 shows the device according to FIG. 1 in a tensioned state, FIG.

FIG. 4 shows the device of FIG. 1 in the state in which the maximum tensioning distance has been reached. FIG.

5 shows a longitudinal section through the device of Fig. 1,

Fig. 6 is a partial view of the beginner tube according to the invention with a slip facilitating element, and

Fig. 7 shows another variant of the device of Fig. 6 with a slip facilitating element.

In Fig. 1, a drilling apparatus 1 is shown, in which a drill bit 2 a beginner tube 3 is articulated, as well as inside the beginner tube 3, a drill string 4 is provided, via which drill string 4, the force is applied to introduce the device 1. The beginner tube 3 is in this case formed with areas of different diameters, wherein a region of larger diameter 5 is formed in an area adjacent to the drill bit 2, which region is not visible in FIG. 1 via a frustum-shaped sliding surface 6 in a region of smaller diameter 7 , passes over. An anchoring element 9 having a longitudinal slot 8 is applied to the area of smaller diameter 7, wherein the anchoring element 9 is designed as a restorable clamping element, which resilient clamping element has a larger outside diameter than the expected drilling diameter before drilling in the device 1 and by drilling is biased into a trainee wellbore. At the rear end region of an anchoring element 9, this is in contact with a driver 10, which driver 10 is intended to prevent unintentional displacement of the anchoring element 9 in the direction of the borehole mouth. At its end region remote from the wellbore-deepest, the beginner tube 3 has a fixing device 1 1 in or at its inner diameter, which fastening device 1 is intended for connection to, for example, a cladding tube or a different kind of tube. teten piping 12 is formed. The fixing device 1 1, which is not visible in FIG. 1, is preferably designed as a thread.

In Fig. 2, in which the reference numerals used in Fig. 1 are maintained, a device analogous to Fig. 1 is shown, in which only one anchoring element 9 is provided on a beginner tube 3, wherein the situation shown in FIG Completion of a borehole and after retraction of the drill pipe 4, the beginner pipe 3 and the drill bit 2 shows, and wherein the situation shown in Fig. 2 shows an anchoring situation in solid rock. As can be seen in FIG. 2, the drill bit 2 is retracted relative to the bore hole deepest 15 by a distance a at which distance a the anchoring element 9 is pushed over the frustoconical sliding surface 6 of the beginner tube 3. As a result of this sliding on of the anchoring element 9, the longitudinal slot 8 of the anchoring element 9 is widened slightly relative to the illustration of FIG. 1 and the anchoring element 9 is no longer in abutment with the driver 10, but in frictional contact with the surrounding mountain.

The variant of the device according to the invention shown in FIG. 2 is a variant for anchoring in "stable rock or mountains", ie a hard rock having few voids. In such a case, a retraction by a small distance a is sufficient to achieve a reliable anchoring and at the same time the desired test load. FIG. 3 shows the embodiment according to FIG. 1 or FIG. 2, in which the anchoring element 9 is pushed almost completely over the region of larger diameter 5 of the beginner tube 3. For this purpose, the drill bit 2 was retracted together with the beginners tube 3 and the drill string 4 by a distance b in the direction of the borehole mouth and pushed the anchoring element 9 by the same path over the region of larger diameter 5 and the frusto-conical sliding surface 6. Such a situation usually occurs in the presence of less solid mountains, in which the tensioning path b is significantly enlarged compared to the tensioning path a in the case of a fixed mountain and a larger one Contact surface of the anchoring element 9 is required in a borehole in order to obtain the required test load or the required force of the anchorage.

In the illustration in FIG. 3, furthermore, the longitudinal slot 8 of the anchoring element is opened wide and it can be seen that it is not open only in the area in which it is still located above the area of smaller diameter 7 of the novelty tube 3.

In a situation as shown in Fig. 3, i. a situation in which it is a less solid or brittle, provided with large cavities mountains, it is, as can be seen also Fig. 3, favorable to choose a beginner tube 3, which at least two areas of increased diameter and two areas of reduced diameter as well as two frusto-conical sliding surfaces 6, wherein by doubling the elements of the device 1, a secure and reliable anchoring in the mountains is provided.

In Fig. 4, the device according to Fig. 3 is shown in a situation in which the maximum tensioning travel c is achieved, without the required test load, i. the required strength of anchorage in the mountains has been achieved. The drill bit 2 is in the variant shown in Fig. 4 wholly in the first of the drill bit 2 adjacent anchoring element 9 pulled in, the longitudinal slot 8 has its maximum expansion, the anchoring element 9 is completely pushed beyond the frusto-conical sliding surface 6 and the area reduced Diameter or smaller diameter 7 is completely exposed. The driver 10 is separated from the anchoring element 9 both in FIG. 3 and in FIG. 4.

In the variant shown in Fig. 4, it is necessary to achieve a sufficiently good anchoring, to the end of the beginner tube 3, for example, another beginner tube 3 ', which is schematically indicated to screw in order to bring more sleeve-shaped anchoring elements 9 and on this Way to achieve a safe and reliable anchorage. In Fig. 5, in which the reference numerals of Figs. 1 to 4 are retained as far as possible, a longitudinal sectional view of the device 1 according to Figs. 1 to 4 is shown, in which the device in the unloaded or unstressed state is shown. In the sectional view of FIG. 5 is further indicated schematically that the beginner tube 3 is pressed around the drill bit 2, wherein a free rotation of the beginner tube must be ensured and therefore during the rotating and / or beating drilling of the well by means of the drill bit 2 and Drill pipe 4 is drawn from the drill bit 2 in the hole formed.

Furthermore, indicated by the arrow 13, that the cuttings are discharged through the interior of the beginner tube 3 and in particular by the annular space 14 formed between the beginner tube 3 and the drill pipe 4. In order to be able to transport the entire drill cuttings formed during the drilling progress through the interior of the beginner's tube 3 with certainty, a backward flushing opening 16 is provided in the drill bit 2 which, in the region of a recess which is not recognizable in FIG. 5, is the drill bit 2 opens in the same. With this training, it is possible to introduce a flushing fluid, such as air, water or the like. In the annulus 14 that all cuttings safely through the annulus 14 between the drill pipe 4 and the beginner tube 3 is discharged and thus accidental laying by cuttings of the device 1 is avoided according to the invention. In Fig. 6 part of a beginner tube 3 is shown according to the present invention, on which beginner tube 3, an O-ring 17 is disposed in a transition region between the frusto-conical sliding surface 6 and the reduced diameter portion 7 of the beginner tube 3. The O-ring 17 serves in this case that, in the event of retraction of the drill bit 1 with the beginner tube 3 in the anchoring element, not shown in Fig. 6, a widening of the anchoring element 9 on the frustoconical surface 6 is facilitated. In Fig. 7, another variant of such a widening facilitating element is shown, wherein in Fig. 7 for expanding the anchoring element, not shown in this figure, an open ball bearing cage 18 is used. In both cases, it is possible with such a process management to facilitate sliding so far that can even use a plastic pipe used as anchoring element 9. Even such a trained anchor requires compared to conventional steel or metal anchors trained not only an increased force until it tears from its anchoring position, but is also safe and reliable to produce.

In summary, the method for rotating and / or punching holes in soil, soil or rock material is thus summarized as follows. The anchoring elements 9, which have a longitudinal slot 8, have a diameter larger than that of the beginner's ear 3 and the borehole diameter before drilling in the beginner's tube 3, and are thus prestressed. The beginner tube 3 is introduced together with the anchoring elements 9 and the drivers 10 in the borehole, wherein the beginner tube is pulled along by the drill bit 2 or is introduced in a pressing manner according to a variant of the invention by a fixed to the drill pipe impact shoe. The anchoring elements 9 are supported by a driver 10. After arranging the beginner tube 3 by drilling, the beginner tube 3 is pulled together with the drill string 4 and the drill bit 2 toward the well mouth, whereby the anchoring element 9 slides on and over the frusto-conical sliding surface 6 of the beginner tube 3 and abuts the borehole wall arrives and anchors there. Depending on the existing rock conditions, the beginner's tube 3 must be retracted further or less far or, if appropriate, several anchoring elements 9 arranged one behind the other are provided. Needless to say, such an anchoring device can be inserted into a well regardless of the way a hole is drilled. For example, the beginner's tube 3 can be pulled in the usual way in the well with the drill bit 2 and the drill bit 2 as lost drill bit 2 are left in the borehole together with the drill pipe 4. The drill string 4 can be recovered by itself. Furthermore, for example, a tension member, such as a strand anchor can be connected to the beginner's tube 3 or later on the beginner's tube 3 or already a cladding tube or the like. Be fixed.

Claims

P atent claims:

1. Method for rotating and/or percussion drilling holes in earth, soil or rock material and establishing an anchoring in the borehole,

5 wherein a drill hole is formed by a drill bit (2) mounted on a drill pipe (4), as well as a beginner's pipe (3) surrounding the drill pipe (4) and arranged on a rear side of the drill bit (2) facing away from a mining surface is introduced into the borehole with the drill bit (2), an anchoring element (9) having a longitudinal slot (8) being expanded after the borehole has been completed by being pulled back against the drilling advance direction, characterized in that an area opposite an adjacent area of the beginner's tube (3) having a larger diameter (5) is retracted into a sleeve-shaped anchoring element (9) arranged on an area of smaller diameter (7) of the beginner's tube (3) and having a longitudinal slot (8)5.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one anchoring element (9) is expanded by pulling back against the drilling advance direction and sliding the anchoring element (9) onto a conical or frusto-shaped sliding surface (6) of the beginner's pipe (3). becomes.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the beginner's pipe (3) is pulled into the anchoring element (9) by pulling back the drill pipe (4).

5

4. The method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that when the drill bit (2) is withdrawn, an end region of the beginner's pipe (3) adjoining the drill bit (2) is expanded in the direction of the borehole wall. 0

5. The method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the at least one anchoring element (9) slides via an O-ring onto the frusto-conical sliding surface (6) of the beginner's pipe.

6. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the at least one anchoring element (9) slides over an open ball bearing cage onto the frusto-conical sliding surface (6) of the beginner's tube.

7. The method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the beginner's pipe (3) is pulled into the anchoring element (9) by a ^tension element, in particular a stranded anchor, which acts on a tension part fixed inside the beginner's pipe (3).

8. The method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the beginner's pipe (3) is retracted by a tension member releasably fixed to an end region of the beginner's pipe (3) facing away from the deepest part of the borehole (15).

9. The method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the larger diameter area (5) of the beginner's pipe (3) is introduced into the borehole essentially in contact with the borehole wall and that the drill cuttings formed during the drilling process are fed through a annular space (14) formed between the starter pipe (3) and the drill pipe (4).

10. The method according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the starter pipe (3), which has a plurality, in particular at least two areas of larger diameter (5), is divided into a corresponding number of anchoring elements (7) arranged on areas of smaller diameter (7). 9) is withdrawn.

1 1 . Method according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the drill cuttings are removed by introducing fluid via at least one flushing opening (16) directed towards an annular space (14) between the starter pipe (3) and the drill pipe (4).

12. Device for rotary and/or percussive drilling of holes in earth, soil or rock material and for fixing an anchor in the drill hole formed by a drill bit (2) mounted on a drill pipe (4), with a drill pipe (4) surrounding , on the back of the drill bit (2) facing away from a mining area, a beginner's pipe (3) and a sleeve-shaped anchoring element (9) having a longitudinal slot (8) are provided, characterized in that at least one has a longitudinal protector (8), sleeve-shaped anchoring element (9) is arranged in an area with a smaller diameter (7) than adjacent areas of the beginner's tube (3), and that the sleeve-shaped anchoring element (9) in a retracted position of the beginner's tube (3) over an area of larger diameter (5) is expandable.

13. The device according to claim 12, characterized in that the sleeve-shaped anchoring element (9) is designed as a resilient clamping element.

14. The device according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the sleeve-shaped anchoring element (9) is designed to be closed at its end region facing away from the deepest borehole (15).

15. The device according to claim 12, 13 or 14, characterized in that a driver (10), in particular a driver (10) designed as a stop ring, is arranged in the area of smaller diameter (7) of the beginner's tube (3).

16. Device according to one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that the beginner's tube (3) is designed with a frusto-conical sliding surface (6) on its area facing the anchoring element (9).

17. Device according to one of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that an O-ring is arranged on the region of the frustoconical sliding surface (6) facing a borehole mouth.

18. Device according to one of claims 12 to 17, characterized in that an open ball bearing cage is arranged on the area of the frusto-conical sliding surface (6) facing a borehole mouth.

19. Device according to one of claims 12 to 18, characterized in that in the area where the end region of the beginner's pipe (3) facing the deepest part of the borehole (15) rests on the drill bit (2), there is at least one passage opening for introducing mined material into the intermediate the annular space (14) formed by the starter pipe (3) and the drill pipe (4).

20. The device according to claim 19, characterized in that in the drill bit (2) in the area of the passage opening for the introduction of mined material, a flushing opening (16) directed towards the annular space (14) is provided for the introduction of flushing fluid.

21. Device according to one of claims 12 to 20, characterized in that the starter pipe (3) is provided with a fixing device (11), in particular a thread, at its end region facing away from the deepest part of the borehole (15).

22. Device according to one of claims 12 to 21, characterized in that the beginner's tube (3) is designed with a plurality of areas of smaller diameter (7) and that an anchoring element (9) is arranged in each area of smaller diameter (7).

23. Device according to one of claims 12 to 22, characterized in that a plurality of beginner tubes (3) are arranged adjacent to one another.

24. Device according to one of claims 12 to 23, characterized in that a holding element for the beginner's pipe (3) is arranged on the drill bit (2).

25. Device according to one of claims 12 to 24, characterized in that a tension transmission element is provided in the beginner's tube (3).