AT37030B - Process for the pretreatment of cellulose for the purpose of subsequent nitration. - Google Patents
Process for the pretreatment of cellulose for the purpose of subsequent nitration.Info
- Publication number
- AT37030B AT37030B AT37030DA AT37030B AT 37030 B AT37030 B AT 37030B AT 37030D A AT37030D A AT 37030DA AT 37030 B AT37030 B AT 37030B
- Authority
- AT
- Austria
- Prior art keywords
- cellulose
- pretreatment
- solutions
- subsequent nitration
- nitration
- Prior art date
Links
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000006396 nitration reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N h2o hydrate Chemical compound O.O JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006193 liquid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
Description
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Verfahren zur Vorbehandlung von Zellulose zwecks nachheriger Nitrierung.
Beim Verspinnen von Nitrozelluloselösungen spielt deren Viskosität eine sehr grosse Rolle. Es liegt im Interesse der Fabrikation, möglichst dünnflüssige, aber doch dabei an Nitrozellulose reiche Lösungen zu erhalten, um beim Auspressen der Lösungen aus dünnen Öffnungen mit möglichst geringem Druck auszukommen und möglichst gleichmässige Fäden zu erhalten, was nur dann erztelt werden kann, wenn nur wenig Lösungsmittel zu ver- dunsten ist.
Bei den bisherigen Arbeitsweisen nitrierte man zur Erzielung genügend dünnflüssiger Lösungen von hoher Sättigung entweder bei höheren Temperaturen, womit eine wesentliche Verminderung der Ausbeute an nitriertem Produkt einerseits und eine sehr starke Veränderung der Mischsäure andererseits infolge von Oxydationswirkungen der Salpetersäure auf die Zellulose verbunden war, oder man verminderte die Viskosität der fertigen Nitrozelluloselösungen durch gewisse Zusätze, die indessen die Eigenschaften des Produktes in nachteiliger Weise beeinflussten.
Es wurde nun gefunden, dass man hochkonzentrierte und dabei dünnflüssige Nitrozelluloselösungen unter Vermeidung obiger Übelstände erhalten kann, wenn man die Zellulose vor der Nitrierung und nach der Entfernung des Wassers längere Zeit bei Gegenwart von inerten sauerstofffreien Gasen, wie z. B. Kohlensäure, Stickstoff. Wassergas, abgekühlte Fenergase, oder von überhitztem Wasserdampf auf höhere Temperaturen erhitzt. Es scheint
EMI1.1
Auch für die Herstellung von rauchschwachen Pulvern ist das vorliegende Verfahren von Bedeutung, weil danach auch hochnitrierte Zellulosen erhalten werden können, die hoch- konzentrierte Lmungen geringer Viskosität liefern, womit gleichzeitig eine wesentliche billigung der Herstellungskosten verbunden ist einerseits infolge erhöhter Ausbeute an nitriertem produk und der Möglichkeit öfterer Regenerierung des Nitriergemisches, anderer- seits infolge geringen Verbrauchs an Lösungsmitteln und Ersparnis an mechanischer Kraft beim Hprauspressen der viskosen Lösungen aus den üblichen Formen.
EMI1.2
<Desc/Clms Page number 2>
Damit war indessen das vorliegende Verfahren nicht ohne weiteres gegeben ;
denn es war nicht ausgeschlossen, dass es bei dem bekannten Verfahren die oxydierende Wirkung der Luft ist, die zu dem beschriebenen Ergebnis führt. Eine derartige Wirkung kommt aber bei dem vorliegenden Verfahren nicht in Betracht, das zudem einen Vorteil insofern aufweist, als jede unerwünschte Wirkung von Sauerstoff, wie Bräunung der Zellulose, durch die erhöhte Temperatur ausgeschlossen wird.
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Process for the pretreatment of cellulose for the purpose of subsequent nitration.
When spinning nitrocellulose solutions, their viscosity plays a very important role. It is in the interest of manufacturing to obtain solutions that are as thin as possible, but rich in nitrocellulose, in order to get by with the lowest possible pressure when squeezing the solutions out of thin openings and to obtain threads that are as uniform as possible, which can only be achieved if only a little Solvent is to be evaporated.
In the previous working methods, nitration was carried out to achieve sufficiently thin liquid solutions of high saturation either at higher temperatures, which was associated with a substantial reduction in the yield of nitrated product on the one hand and a very strong change in the mixed acid on the other hand as a result of the oxidation effects of nitric acid on the cellulose, or one reduced the viscosity of the finished nitrocellulose solutions through certain additives, which, however, had an adverse effect on the properties of the product.
It has now been found that highly concentrated and thin nitrocellulose solutions can be obtained while avoiding the above inconveniences if the cellulose is removed for a long time in the presence of inert oxygen-free gases, such as, for example, before nitration and after removal of the water. B. carbonic acid, nitrogen. Water gas, cooled Fenergase, or heated by superheated steam to higher temperatures. It seems
EMI1.1
The present process is also important for the production of low-smoke powders, because then highly nitrated celluloses can also be obtained, which provide highly concentrated solutions of low viscosity, which at the same time means a significant reduction in production costs, on the one hand due to the increased yield of nitrated product and the Possibility of more frequent regeneration of the nitriding mixture, on the other hand due to the low consumption of solvents and saving of mechanical force when pressing out the viscous solutions from the usual molds.
EMI1.2
<Desc / Clms Page number 2>
However, the present proceedings were not simply given;
because it could not be ruled out that with the known method it is the oxidizing effect of the air that leads to the result described. However, such an effect is out of the question in the present method, which also has an advantage in that any undesirable effect of oxygen, such as browning of the cellulose, is excluded by the increased temperature.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE199885D | 1907-04-04 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AT37030B true AT37030B (en) | 1909-04-26 |
Family
ID=5758817
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT37030D AT37030B (en) | 1907-04-04 | 1908-08-31 | Process for the pretreatment of cellulose for the purpose of subsequent nitration. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (1) | AT37030B (en) |
-
1908
- 1908-08-31 AT AT37030D patent/AT37030B/en active
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