WO2016066019A1

WO2016066019A1 - Safe visual recognition-based method for standard measurement/calculation of daytime tunnel entrance section illumination, and system thereof

Info

Publication number: WO2016066019A1
Application number: PCT/CN2015/091963
Authority: WO
Inventors: 胡江碧; 郭达; 任仁; 陈尚江; 李然; 李晓宇; 张元峰; 张晓芹; 马文倩; 王猛; 高林熹; 高小娟; 刘峰
Original assignee: 北京工业大学; 贵州高速公路集团有限公司
Priority date: 2014-10-26
Filing date: 2015-10-15
Publication date: 2016-05-06
Also published as: CN104533441A; CN104533441B

Abstract

Provided are a safe visual recognition-based method for standard measurement/calculation of daytime tunnel entrance section illumination, and a system for implementing the safe visual recognition-based method for standard measurement/calculation of daytime tunnel entrance section illumination, said method comprising: (a) parameters of the light environment inside the tunnel entrance section are set; (b) a feature location inside the tunnel is determined, and the average road surface brightness L of the feature location is measured; (c) a target is placed at the feature location inside the tunnel; a driver is made to drive at different speeds from outside the tunnel toward the target; the visual recognition distances D at which the driver discovers the target while driving at the different speeds are obtained; the road surface brightness L₂₀at the location at which the driver discovers the target is measured; the values of the brightness reduction factor K being L and L₂₀are obtained; (d) the average road surface brightness L at the tunnel entrance section is reset; (b) and (c) are repeated, and a plurality of sets of different visual recognition distances D and corresponding brightness reduction factors K is obtained; (e) the Sigmoid function model is used to calculate and fit the data of a plurality of sets of D and K, and the relational model formula (I) of D and K is obtained; (f) the safe stopping sight distance D₀ of the maximum speed limit of the tunnel is substituted into the model formula, to arrive at the minimum brightness reduction factor K₀ of the daytime tunnel entrance section.

Description

Daylight tunnel entrance section lighting standard calculation method and system based on security visual recognition

Technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of road tunnel illumination, in particular to a method and a system for calculating a lighting standard of a daytime tunnel entrance section based on safety visual recognition.

Background technique

The purpose of highway tunnel lighting is to create a good light environment for safe and efficient tunnel traffic operation, ensure tunnel visibility and driver visibility, meet the driver's need to quickly obtain a large amount of information from the environment, and prevent visual information from being insufficient. Causing a traffic accident. The lighting conditions of the tunnel entrance section during the day have a direct impact on the driver's visual characteristics. When the lighting level design is unreasonable, the light environment inside and outside the tunnel will change drastically, and the “black hole effect” will appear, which will cause the driver to appear visual hysteresis, which will lead to driving difficulties and tension and take the wrong driving behavior, which will easily induce traffic accidents. . In response to this problem at home and abroad, the design of the illumination of the entrance section during the day is proposed, but there are also problems.

There are many problems in the lighting design of the entrance section of the daytime tunnel at home and abroad. If only the brightness index is considered, and the characteristics of the light source and the light source are not considered, the design index is too single, which often fails to meet the actual needs of the driver under the different color temperature and color rendering index characteristics, and reduces the tunnel operation. The level of security services. The method of studying the illumination source characteristics of the entrance section of the tunnel and the means of visually identifying the small target mostly adopt static detection means, which constrains the reliability of the research results. The lighting standard of the tunnel entrance section under certain design speed or speed limit has not been properly detected. The calculation method makes the lighting design of the tunnel can not effectively eliminate the safety hazard caused by the black hole effect. In order to improve the safety, stability and comfort of road tunnels, it is necessary to find a method and system for measuring the illumination standards of different light source characteristics in the tunnel entrance section during the actual driving process, especially for the daytime tunnel entrance section.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to solve the above technical defects existing in the prior art, and provide a method for calculating a tunnel entrance section illumination standard based on visual security, which has multiple indicators, dynamic measurement, high reliability, and meets the actual needs of the driver. The invention also provides a system for realizing a compact and easy-to-implement method for calculating a tunnel entrance section illumination standard based on visual security. The system provides various optical environment variables and can dynamically measure these variables, thereby overcoming the traditional calculation. Single system indicator, low reliability of static detection, Technical defects that do not meet the actual driving needs.

In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides a method for calculating a daylight tunnel entrance section illumination standard based on security visual recognition, the method comprising the following steps: (a) setting a light environment in a tunnel entrance section The parameter includes setting a color temperature in the tunnel to be T ₀ , setting a color rendering index to Ra _0, and an average brightness in the tunnel entrance segment to be L; (b) determining a feature position in the tunnel, wherein the feature position in the tunnel is from the feature location At the beginning of the tunnel, the brightness of the road surface remains unchanged, and the average road surface brightness L of the characteristic position in the tunnel is measured; (c) the target object is placed at the characteristic position in the tunnel, so that the driver can drive from outside the tunnel at different speeds. The motor vehicle travels toward the target to obtain the visual distance D required for the driver to find the target at different speeds, and measures the road surface brightness L ₂₀ at which the driver finds the target. luminance reduction coefficient K L L _{20 is} the ratio of; (d) resetting the tunnel entrance average surface brightness L, and repeating steps (b) and (c), thereby acquiring a plurality of sets corresponding to different average surface brightness visually recognized From D and the corresponding brightness reduction coefficient K; (e) according to the obtained multiple sets of viewing distance D and the corresponding brightness reduction coefficient K, using the Sigmoid function model to calculate and fit the data of multiple sets of D and K, The relationship model between D and K is

(f) Substituting the safe parking line of sight D ₀ at the design maximum speed limit rate of the tunnel into the model formula to obtain the minimum brightness reduction factor K ₀ required for the day tunnel entrance section.

Further, after the step (f), the following steps are further performed to further correct the minimum brightness reduction coefficient K ₀ required for the day tunnel entrance segment: (g) setting the tunnel entrance segment color temperature to T ₀ and color rendering The index is Ra ₀ ; (h) determining the feature position in the tunnel, the feature position in the tunnel is that the brightness of the light in the tunnel remains unchanged from the feature position, and the target object is placed at the feature position in the tunnel. The motor vehicle is parked at a safe parking distance D ₀ from the target; (i) the driver is allowed to enter the motor vehicle cab, and the average road surface brightness L of the tunnel entrance section is adjusted to be small to large. The driver finds the minimum static brightness value L _f required for the target, and simultaneously measures the average road surface L ₂₀ at the safe parking distance D ₀ outside the tunnel opening, and obtains the static minimum brightness reduction factor K _f as L and L. a ratio of ₂₀ ; (j) resetting at least one of the color temperature and the color rendering index of the tunnel entry segment, and repeating steps (h) and (i) to obtain a static minimum luminance reduction corresponding to the color temperature and the color rendering index Coefficient K _f , the color temperature is T ₀ , coloration refers to The static minimum brightness reduction factor K _f corresponding to the number Ra ₀ is the reference J, and the static minimum brightness reduction factor K _f corresponding to the color temperature and the color rendering index is compared with J, and the color temperature corresponding to the color rendering index is obtained. The visual correction coefficient a; the minimum brightness reduction coefficient K _0d of the tunnel entrance section under different light environments is obtained as the product of a and K ₀ .

According to a second aspect of the present invention, a system for implementing a daylight tunnel entrance section lighting standard estimation method based on security visual recognition includes a tunnel entrance section subsystem including an adjustable output installed in a tunnel entrance section a lighting device for setting a tunnel light environment; a test subsystem comprising a motor vehicle, a target object, an in-hole brightness measuring device, an external beam brightness measuring device, a color temperature measuring device, a color rendering index measuring device, The speed measuring device and the distance measuring device are composed for dynamic testing and static testing and data acquisition thereof; and a data computing subsystem including a computer system for fitting and processing the collected data.

The method and system of the present invention considers the safety standard of driving and visual recognition, and combines the visual recognition characteristics of the driver in the actual dynamic driving process to obtain the lighting standard that satisfies the driver's safety visual recognition requirements in different light environments, in order to realize Safe, comfortable and reasonable light environment setting for the entrance section of the tunnel during the day. This method makes up for the blank of the lighting indicators of the tunnel entrance section from the perspective of driving visual recognition requirements; on the other hand, it can help create a good, reliable and safe visual environment to ensure that the driver can safely and comfortably approach and cross at the design speed. And through the tunnel, reduce the risk of tunnel traffic and the energy and cost of tunnel lighting. By calculating the lighting standard that meets the driver's continuous dynamic visual recognition requirements under different light environments in which the natural light source and the artificial light source are coupled to the tunnel entrance, the lighting energy saving and traffic safety of the tunnel entrance section can be achieved.

DRAWINGS

Further objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will be made apparent by the following description of the embodiments of the invention.

1 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of a method for measuring a daylight tunnel entrance section illumination standard based on security visual recognition;

2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a method for measuring a daylight tunnel entrance section illumination standard based on a security view;

3 is a flow chart of a method for calculating a daylight tunnel entrance section lighting standard based on security visualization;

Figure 4 is a flow chart of a method for measuring the illumination standard of a daytime tunnel entrance section based on security visualization.

Reference numeral

100 tunnel entrance section 101 tunnel entrance 102 characteristic location within the tunnel 103 target 104 machine Motor train

105 Outer-of-tunnel feature location 106 Lighting 107 Roadway middle line 108 Roadway edge line

109 Roadway dividing line 110 Location point.

detailed description

In the following description of the specific embodiments, specific embodiments of the invention are described with reference to the drawings. In the figures, the same reference numerals are used to refer to the same or similar parts, or the same or similar steps.

Embodiment 1

1 and 2 are schematic diagrams showing an embodiment of a method for estimating a daylight tunnel entry segment illumination standard based on a security view provided by the present invention. The object of the present invention is to provide a lighting standard measurement method for a daytime tunnel entrance section, to calculate a ratio of road surface brightness between the daytime tunnel entrance section 100 and the tunnel outside the tunnel in different light environments, that is, the brightness reduction inside and outside the tunnel. The coefficient, in turn, can provide a reference for the lighting design of the tunnel entrance section according to the driving design requirements of different tunnels to ensure the driver's driving safety.

During the daytime tunnel entrance section 100, the light environment is complex, both natural light and artificial light. In order to characterize the 100 light environment of the tunnel entrance section, color temperature, color rendering index and average road surface brightness are used as light environment parameters. A characteristic surface can be selected to represent the tunnel entrance. The light environment within segment 100, the location of which is located at the beginning of the stable portion of the optical environment within the tunnel.

As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, according to the method of the present invention, the light environment parameter of the tunnel entrance section is first set. In this embodiment, the values of the color temperature, the color rendering index, and the average road surface brightness in the tunnel entrance section are set. . Then, the characteristic position 102 in the tunnel is determined. Specifically, the brightness in the tunnel is measured by using a luminance meter, and the brightness value at the road surface is measured from the tunnel opening 101 to each interval of 1 m in the tunnel. When the detected brightness value does not change any more. The location is recorded, which is the in-tunnel feature 102. The cross section of the road where the feature 102 in the tunnel is located is a critical section of the boundary between the light environment inside and outside the tunnel, and this feature section is taken as the position where the object 103 is placed.

Then, the average brightness of a region within the in-tunnel feature 102 is used as a representative value of the road surface brightness. The brightness of the plurality of position points 110 spaced horizontally by 1 m on the roadway boundary line 109, the roadway edge line 108, and the roadway intermediate line 107 between the adjacent lighting devices 106 within the feature position 102 within the tunnel, respectively, is measured. The average road surface brightness is recorded and further calculated, and the average road surface brightness is a road surface brightness representation value of the feature position 102 within the tunnel. Specifically, the in-tunnel area selected to calculate the average road surface brightness is a section of the in-tunnel direction measured by the position of the in-tunnel feature 102. Specific measurement distance example For example, the distance between two adjacent lighting devices in the tunnel.

Then, a target is placed at the cross section of the road where the location of the feature 102 in the tunnel is located, and the driver drives the motor vehicle 104 to enter the tunnel at different driving speeds, and the target in the tunnel entrance section is visually recognized by the tunnel outside the driving process. The object 103 collects the visual distance D of the driver at different driving speeds, that is, the distance from the target when the target is found.

According to the embodiment of the invention, the driver sits in the motor vehicle with an average height of about 1.2 m. The running speed of the driver's driving and the position of the vehicle when the target is found are recorded by the non-contact speed meter of the motor vehicle, that is, the position is the out-of-tunnel feature position 105, and the distance from the out-of-tunnel feature position 105 to the feature position 102 in the tunnel is measured. That is, the distance D is measured, and the method of measuring the visual distance by using the non-contact speed meter is to trigger the non-contact speed meter when the driver finds the target, and record the next position when the driver passes the feature position 102. When the target position is passed, the non-contact speed meter is triggered again, and another position is recorded, and the difference between the two positions is the viewing distance D.

Then, the light environment change in the tunnel is set to different brightness, and the driver drives the motor vehicle 104 to enter the tunnel at different driving speeds, and the target object 103 in the tunnel entrance segment is visually recognized by the tunnel outside during the driving process, and the collection is different. The driver's viewing distance D in the light environment and at different driving speeds.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, the color rendering index is 70, and the higher the apparent color index of the experimental table is, the closer it is to the sunlight, the more favorable it is to visual recognition, that is, the higher the better. In this embodiment, a lower color rendering index 70 is selected, taking into account the most unfavorable extreme conditions, and the actual produced lamps are usually not lower than the color rendering index of 70, and thus are superior to the extreme case of the embodiment. The color rendering index and color temperature in this test are selected as the measured values. This is because the general lamp will deviate from the factory-calibrated color temperature and color rendering index after actual installation. The method of measuring the color rendering index and the color temperature is similar to the average brightness, and the average value can be measured after measuring multiple points.

In order to eliminate the difference between the drivers, multiple drivers of different age groups, different driving ages and different visual power segments (within the normal visual range) are selected to drive the motor vehicle 104 at different speeds. Repeat the above test to obtain and record multiple groups. data. After analysis, the driver visually recognizes the difference between the brightness difference inside and outside the hole and the driver's own driving feeling. Therefore, the driver's perception of the small target is less correlated with the running speed of the vehicle. It is not necessary to consider the influence of the running speed, so that a calculation model of the viewing distance D and the brightness reduction coefficient K can be established by using a plurality of sets of data, and a reasonable brightness reduction coefficient is calculated by the model.

As shown in FIG. 3, the implementation steps of the method for calculating the daylight entry segment illumination standard based on the security view of the present invention are specifically given. The specific steps are as follows:

Step 201: setting a light environment parameter in the tunnel, wherein the light environment parameter is a color temperature, a color rendering index, and an average road surface brightness, and setting a light environment illumination in the tunnel to a color temperature T ₀ , a color rendering index Ra _{0 ,} and a tunnel The average road surface brightness L of the entrance section. In the embodiment of the present invention, the measured color temperature and the color rendering index can be measured by using a spectroradiometer, and the average road surface brightness L of the tunnel entrance section can be measured by using a luminance meter or an illuminometer, and the illumination is used, and the average illumination is used. The relationship between the average brightness, that is, the average illuminance conversion factor, is used to obtain the brightness.

Step 202: Determine a feature position 102 in the tunnel, where the feature position 102 in the tunnel is a critical section of the boundary between the light environment inside and outside the tunnel, that is, from the ambient brightness in the tunnel from the location, and the characteristic position in the tunnel is measured. Average road surface brightness L.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, the method for determining the feature position in the tunnel is to measure the brightness value at the road surface from the tunnel hole to a specific distance (for example, 1 m) in the tunnel, when the detected brightness value is no longer When the position is recorded when the change occurs, the position is the feature position 102 in the tunnel. And the cross section of the road where the feature location is located is the critical section of the boundary between the light environment inside and outside the tunnel.

Step 203, placing the target object in the in-tunnel feature position 102, causing the driver to drive from the out-of-tunnel driving vehicle to the target object in the tunnel at different speeds, and collecting the respective viewing distance D for the target object 103 at each speed. For the convenience of measurement, the driving speed can be measured by using a non-contact speed meter installed on a motor vehicle. And measuring the distance D ₀ from the safe parking distance D ₀ of the tunnel opening, the average brightness L ₂₀ measured from the field of view of the hole at a distance of 1.50 m from the ground, and the brightness reduction factor K is the ratio of L to L ₂₀ .

According to the embodiment of the present invention, for example, the driver is required to drive the motor vehicle 104 from the outside of the tunnel to the direction of the target in the tunnel, and visually recognize the target in the tunnel during driving, so that it can be easily and quickly The target was found to be a criterion. When the driver finds the target, the vehicle position data can be collected, and the specific position of the motor vehicle 104 (ie, the extra-tunnel feature position 105) is marked by triggering the non-contact speed meter installed on the motor vehicle 104; when the motor vehicle 104 is traveling When the position of the object 103 is reached, the specific position of the motor vehicle 104 at this time (the intra-tunnel feature position 102) is again marked; the distance between the two positions is calculated, which is the visual distance D.

Step 204: Change the average road surface brightness of the light environment illumination in the tunnel, and repeat steps 202 and 203 to obtain a corresponding viewing distance D and a corresponding brightness reduction coefficient K of the plurality of different average road surface brightnesses.

Step 205, the data of the plurality of sets of viewing distance D and the corresponding brightness reduction coefficient K obtained in step 204 are fitted to the two sets of information by using the Sigmoid function model, and the parameter learning is performed by using the BFGS method in the quasi-Newton method. The relationship model formula of D and K, such as the relational model formula:

Step 206 _: Substituting the parking line of sight D ₀ of the tunnel at the maximum speed limit speed into the above formula (1), and calculating the minimum brightness reduction coefficient K ₀ required by the tunnel. Through the above calculation, the minimum brightness reduction coefficient at the maximum speed limit speed of the tunnel is satisfied, and the brightness value in the tunnel is set thereby, thereby ensuring the safety of the tunnel entrance section.

Under actual road conditions, most of the obstacles on the road are composed of irregular polyhedrons. The minimum height of the vehicle chassis from ground is between 0.10 and 0.20 m. The maximum obstacle height causing the vehicle to tip over on the road is 18 cm. When the height is greater than 18 cm, the driver must take dodge measures. According to the most unfavorable principle and in combination with the recommendation in the CIE 2004 Tunnel Lighting Guide, the object in the present embodiment of the present invention employs, for example, a gray cube having a reflectance of 20% and a shape of 20 cm × 20 cm × 20 cm.

Embodiment 2

Referring to FIG. 1 , FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 , based on the present embodiment, the method for calculating the illumination standard of the daylight tunnel entrance segment based on the visual security of the present invention can further calculate the minimum brightness reduction coefficient K under different light environments of the entrance section of the daytime tunnel. _0d , further comprising a static measuring step, further correcting a minimum brightness reduction coefficient K ₀ required for the day tunnel entrance segment, the static measuring step comprising the following steps,

Step 207, setting a tunnel light environment, including setting a color temperature of the tunnel light environment to be T ₀ and a color rendering index to be Ra ₀ ;

Step 208, determining a feature location 102 in the tunnel, placing the target object 103 at the feature location 102 in the tunnel, stopping the vehicle at a safe parking distance D ₀ from the target, the safe parking distance D _o Corresponding to the designed maximum speed limit speed of the tunnel;

Step 209, the driver is allowed to enter the cab of the motor vehicle 104 to perform a static test, and the average road surface brightness L of the tunnel entrance section 100 is adjusted to be small to large, and the driver is required to find the target object 103. The minimum static brightness value L _f , and simultaneously measure the average brightness L ₂₀ measured from the field of view of the hole at a distance of 1.50 m from the ground at 20 °, and obtain the static minimum brightness reduction factor K _f as the ratio of L to L ₂₀ .

In the present embodiment of the invention, the driver is seated upright in the motor vehicle 104 with a head height of, for example, 1.2 m. The step of measuring the brightness outside the hole in the embodiment of the present invention uses an external beam brightness measuring device, the hole The external brightness measuring device can be a light intensity detector, which can be erected at a safe parking distance from the tunnel opening 101, 1.5 at a distance from the ground, and facing the field of view of the tunnel opening at 20°.

Step 2010, resetting at least one of the color temperature and the color rendering index in the tunnel, and repeating steps 208 and 209 to obtain a static minimum brightness reduction coefficient K _f corresponding to different color temperatures and color rendering indexes, and setting the color temperature to T ₀ . CRI Ra ₀ corresponding to the minimum static luminance reduction factor K _f as a reference J, different color temperature and color rendering index corresponding to the minimum static luminance as compared with the reduction factor K _f J, to obtain different color temperature and color rendering index Corresponding visual correction factor a.

In step 2011, the minimum brightness reduction coefficient K _0d of the daytime tunnel entrance section in different light environments is obtained as the product of a and K ₀ .

Through the embodiment of the present invention, the dynamic and static tests are performed under different light environments, and the minimum brightness reduction coefficient that satisfies the safe parking line of sight D ₀ with different color rendering indexes and color temperatures is determined, and the driver is determined. The minimum brightness reduction factor for the security view required by the tunnel during the day provides a reliable setting for the light environment for the safe viewing of the tunnel safety of the vehicle.

Embodiment 3

The model established according to the first embodiment of the present invention can be used for a calculation method of the brightness reduction coefficient based on the viewing distance (the distance between the motor vehicle 104 and the object 103 when the driver can find the object 103), and the following is Example of model specific application:

It is used to calculate the brightness reduction factor K of the safety of the entrance section of the tunnel when the driver of the motor vehicle travels during the daytime in a province. The expressway tunnel of a province has a total length of 555m, the design speed and the maximum speed limit are 80km/h, and the light color environment of the tunnel entrance section is color temperature 5700K, color rendering index 70, asphalt concrete pavement is paved in the tunnel. At present, the number of pilots employed in road visual cognition in the world has not reached consensus. From the published international papers, there are generally 4-8, up to 15, and the present embodiment of the present invention randomly draws Six motor vehicle drivers measure the road surface brightness in different tunnels, and require the driver to drive the motor vehicle from the outside of the tunnel to the tunnel at a certain speed, and visually recognize the front object 103 during driving, so that it can be easily The quick discovery target 103 is a criterion for judging the driver's visibility of the target object 103.

During the visual recognition process, the visual information of the driver when driving on the test section and the light environment information of the tunnel hole are respectively collected, and then the brightness reduction factor of the entrance section of the daytime tunnel is calculated according to the model of the present invention. The driver visually recognizes the target in the tunnel under different tunnel entrance segment brightness reduction factors, and collects 22 samples, of which 15 are valid samples, as shown in Table 1.

Table 1 summarizes the dynamic visual recognition results of the daytime entry segment to establish a Sigmoid function model between the brightness reduction factor and the visual recognition distance. The model is

The parking distance D = 1010m with the highest speed limit of 80km/h is designed into the model, and the minimum brightness reduction factor can be calculated: 0.045. Therefore, it is recommended that the tunnel entrance section brightness reduction factor be above 0.045 to ensure the daytime tunnel entrance section. Driving safety, if the tunnel changes to the limit speed in the future, the minimum brightness reduction factor can also be obtained by the model between the brightness reduction factor and the viewing distance, see Table 2.

Table 2 brightness reduction factor corresponding to the highest maximum speed limit

Embodiment 4

Based on the third embodiment of the present invention, the present invention further determines the color temperature and performs static visual recognition to obtain a visual correction coefficient a, as shown in Table 3.

Table 3 visual correction factor

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a minimum brightness reduction coefficient corresponding to different maximum speeds in different light environments is obtained. The results are shown in Table 4. The reduction factor is applicable to free-flow traffic conditions.

Table 4 Minimum brightness reduction factor corresponding to different light environments and different maximum speed limits

Embodiment 5

The present invention also provides a system for implementing a daylight tunnel entry section lighting standard measurement method based on visual security, comprising a tunnel entry section subsystem including an adjustable output power installed in the tunnel entrance section 100. a lighting device for setting a tunnel light environment; a test subsystem comprising a motor vehicle 104, a target object 103, an in-hole brightness measuring device, an out-of-hole brightness measuring device, a color temperature measuring device, a color rendering index measuring device, The speed measuring device and the distance measuring device are composed for dynamic testing and static testing and data acquisition thereof; and the data computing subsystem includes a computer system for fitting and processing the test data.

In the embodiment of the present invention, in the tunnel entrance section subsystem, the lighting device may It is set as a variety of lighting fixtures, and the color temperature, color rendering index and brightness of the light environment parameters are adjusted by the lighting fixtures. For the simplification of the measuring step, the color temperature measuring device and the color rendering index measuring device are spectroscopic illuminometers, and the distance measuring device and the speed measuring device are integrated into one, which is a non-contact speed meter, which simplifies the system; the road surface brightness in the tunnel The measuring device is a luminance meter or an illuminometer. When the illuminance is counted, the brightness is obtained by obtaining a relationship between the average brightness and the average illuminance, that is, an average illuminance conversion coefficient.

For a bus, the visibility of the passenger car is low, and it is more difficult for the driver to visually recognize the target 103 in the same environment. In the embodiment of the present invention, the motor vehicle 104 is selected according to the most unfavorable principle, for example. small truck.

In order to more effectively measure the out-of-hole brightness of the tunnel opening, so that the measured data is more representative, the position of the tunnel external brightness measuring device in the embodiment of the present invention is further described as a safe parking distance D ₀ from the tunnel opening. At a height of 1.5 m from the ground, the external brightness measuring device is facing the field of view of the tunnel opening, and the brightness measuring device may be a light intensity detector or a brightness meter or other instrument.

The invention not only considers the light environment information in the tunnel, but also comprehensively considers the dynamic factors of the driver. The minimum brightness reduction coefficient of the entrance section of the daytime tunnel can be effectively measured by the calculation method of the invention, which not only improves the safety of the driver of the daytime tunnel entrance section, but also provides the energy-saving operation and road traffic safety research of the tunnel illumination. Reference.

The drawings are only schematic and are not drawn to scale. Although the present invention has been described in connection with the preferred embodiments, it is understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein.

Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the <RTIgt; The description and the examples are to be considered as illustrative only, and the true scope and spirit of the invention are defined by the claims.

Claims

A method for calculating the illumination standard of a daytime tunnel entrance section based on security visual recognition, comprising the following steps:

(a) setting the light environment parameters in the tunnel entrance section, setting the color temperature in the tunnel to T 0 , setting the color rendering index to Ra 0 and the average brightness in the tunnel entrance section to be L;

(b) determining a feature position in the tunnel, the feature position in the tunnel, the feature position in the tunnel is that the road surface brightness in the tunnel remains unchanged from the feature position, and measuring the average road surface brightness of the feature position in the tunnel L;

(c) placing a target at a characteristic position in the tunnel, causing the driver to drive the vehicle from the outside of the tunnel to the target at different speeds, thereby obtaining the driver's need to find the target at different speeds. Observing the distance D, and measuring the road surface brightness L 20 at the position where the driver finds the target object, and obtaining the brightness reduction coefficient K as the value of L and L 20 ;

(d) resetting the average road surface brightness L of the tunnel entrance section, and repeating steps (b) and (c), thereby obtaining a plurality of sets of different average road surface brightness corresponding to the viewing distance D and the corresponding brightness reduction factor K;

(e) According to the acquired multiple sets of visual distance D and the corresponding brightness reduction coefficient K, the Sigmoid function model is used to calculate and fit the data of multiple sets of D and K, and the relationship model between D and K is obtained as

(f) Substituting the safe parking line of sight D 0 at the design maximum speed limit rate of the tunnel into the model formula to obtain the minimum brightness reduction factor K 0 required for the day tunnel entrance section.
The method for calculating a daylight tunnel entrance section illumination standard based on the security visual recognition according to claim 1, wherein after the step (f), there is the following step of further minimizing the minimum brightness required for the daytime tunnel entrance section. The correction factor K 0 is corrected:

(g) setting the color temperature of the tunnel entrance section to T 0 and the color rendering index to Ra 0 ;

(h) determining a feature position in the tunnel, the feature position in the tunnel is that the brightness of the light in the tunnel remains unchanged from the feature position, and the target object is placed at the feature position in the tunnel, and the vehicle is parked at a distance The safe parking line of sight D 0 at the maximum speed limit speed of the target;

(i) causing the driver to enter the cab of the motor vehicle, adjusting the average road surface brightness L of the tunnel entrance section from small to large, and recording the minimum static average road surface brightness value required by the driver to find the target object L f , and simultaneously measure the average road surface brightness value L 20 at the safe parking distance D 0 outside the tunnel opening, and obtain the static minimum brightness reduction factor K f as the ratio of L to L 20 ;

(j) resetting at least one repeating steps color temperature and color rendering index of the tunnel inlet section (h) and (I), thereby acquiring a different color temperature and color rendering index corresponding to the minimum static luminance reduction coefficient K f, the The color temperature is T 0 , the static minimum brightness reduction factor K f corresponding to the color rendering index Ra 0 is the reference J, and the static minimum brightness reduction factor K f corresponding to the color temperature and the color rendering index is compared with J, and the difference is obtained. The visual correction coefficient a corresponding to the color temperature and the color rendering index is obtained by finding the product of the minimum luminance reduction factor K 0d of the tunnel entrance section in different light environments as a and K 0 .
The method for calculating a daylight tunnel entrance section illumination standard based on security visual recognition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the feature position in the tunnel is determined by measuring the road surface from the tunnel mouth to each interval of 1 m in the tunnel. The brightness value, when the detected brightness value no longer changes, the corresponding position is the intra-tunnel feature position; the target object is placed in the cross section of the road where the feature position in the tunnel is located or the boundary of the light environment On the critical section.
The method for calculating a daylight tunnel entrance section illumination standard based on security visual recognition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the average road surface brightness of the tunnel entrance section is an average brightness of road surface brightness within a section of the characteristic position in the tunnel. value.
The lighting standard calculation method based on the security tunnel entrance daytime visibility of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein said step of measuring the brightness outside the cave L 20 comprises, from the tunnel entrance safe stopping sight D 0, A brightness measuring device is set at a height of 1.5 m from the ground, and the direction of the tunnel opening is 20°, and the brightness L 20 outside the hole is measured.
The method for calculating a daylight tunnel entrance section illumination standard based on safety visual recognition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the step of measuring the visual distance D is performed by using a non-contact speed meter installed in a motor vehicle. When the driver finds the target, the non-contact speedometer is triggered, a position is recorded, and another position is recorded when the driver reaches the position of the target, and the distance difference between the two positions is the visual distance D. .
The method according to claim 1, wherein the color temperature and color rendering are detected by a spectroradiometer; and the average brightness of the tunnel entrance section passes through the brightness. The measurement is performed or the illuminance meter is used for detection, and the relationship between the average illuminance and the brightness is used to obtain the brightness; the external brightness L 20 of the measurement hole is a light intensity detector.
The method for calculating a safety visual-based daylight tunnel entrance section lighting standard according to claim 1, wherein the driver is a plurality of persons distributed in different age groups, different normal vision segments, and different driving age segments.
A system for implementing a daylight tunnel entrance section lighting standard measurement method based on visual security, comprising:

a tunnel entrance section subsystem, the tunnel entry section subsystem comprising an adjustable output power illumination device installed in the tunnel entrance section for setting a tunnel light environment;

a test subsystem comprising a motor vehicle, a target object, an in-hole brightness measuring device, an out-of-hole brightness measuring device, a color temperature measuring device, a color rendering index measuring device, a speed measuring device, and a distance measuring device, for dynamic Test and static testing and their data collection;

A data computing subsystem that includes a computer system for fitting and processing the collected data.
The system for implementing a daylight tunnel entrance section lighting standard estimation method based on visual security according to claim 9, wherein in the tunnel segment subsystem, the lighting device can be set as various lighting fixtures, through the lighting fixture Adjusting the color temperature and color rendering index of the light environment parameter; wherein the color temperature measuring device and the color rendering index measuring device are spectroradiometers; and the in-hole brightness measuring device is a brightness meter or an illuminometer; The motor vehicle is a passenger car; the distance measuring device and the speed measuring device are non-contact speed meters; the tunnel inlet segment subsystem includes an opening, and the position of the outer brightness measuring device is safely parked from the opening The viewing distance D0 is 1.5 m above the ground, and the external brightness measuring device is facing the tunnel opening 20°; the external brightness measuring device is a light intensity detector.