CN101938878A - Automatic control method for tunnel LED lighting based on intelligent expert illuminance curve - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of lighting equipment in a tunnel, and relates to an automatic control method for tunnel LED lighting based on an intelligent expert illuminance curve. The method comprises the following steps: 1) detecting brightness outside the tunnel to obtain a brightness value outside the tunnel, and compensating the brightness value to obtain the brightness at an inlet section; 2) dividing transition sections, and setting an initial brightness reference value of each section based on the brightness at the inlet section; 3) establishing an expert database, reasoning input information such as tunnel length, tunnel height, the brightness outside the tunnel, running speed, traffic flow and traffic modes, and adjusting the corresponding brightness reference value of each section; 4) carrying out smooth processing on brightness distribution of the transition sections; 5) generating a complete dynamic brightness demand curve; and 6) realizing brightness feedback adjustment on the overall LED tunnel lamps according to the brightness demand curve and part of brightness detection values in the tunnel. The automatic control method of the invention can prolong service life of the lamps in the tunnel, reduce maintenance cost and save energy consumption.

Description

Tunnel LED illumination autocontrol method based on the intelligent expert illumination curve

Technical field

The invention belongs to tunnel intraoral illumination equipment technical field, particularly a kind of tunnel illumination intelligence control method.

Background technology

For a long time, conventional products such as the high-pressure sodium lamp that tunnel illumination is continued to use always, fluorescent lamp high-pressure mercury lamp, Halogen lamp LED are because harmful substance such as mercurous, and in the tunnel, must switch on throughout the year and light, power consumption greatly, more and more the incompatibility people are to the pursuit of environmental protection and energy saving, and people press for the lighting source of seeking novel energy-conserving and environment-protective.

The LED lamp is as a kind of novel solid light source, and is promptly energy-conservation, the life-span is long, utilance is high.Also having a superior characteristic is exactly the instantaneous controllability of brightness.This characteristic can not only make that energy consumption is lower, the life-span is longer, also can make light decay lower.Design tunnel LED lighting apparatus, should consider following some:

1, outside the hole brightness to the influence of energy consumption

Brightness is a parameter the most basic of tunnel illumination design outside the hole, normally the noon in summer in 7-8 month fine day record, design of Lighting all will be according to this parameter, but brightness was subjected to season outside the hole, time, climatic influences, intrinsic brilliance is worth much smaller than this, therefore in the time in 1 year 90%, brightness causes excessive illumination and waste of electric energy all less than this value outside the hole.There are some researches show that annual power demand on daytime only accounts for 22.7% of design power,, then, then can save 77.3% power on daytime by carrying out the adjustment of brightness according to demand if brightness is controlled.Traditional high-pressure sodium lamp can only be accomplished light modulation very among a small circle, and makes grade form of segmentation light modulation usually, and the led lamp then has very wide adjustable range, and can realize the adjusting of fast stepless.

2, the LED lamp is as a kind of semiconductor solid state lamp, a very important factor that influences its life-span is exactly its junction temperature, makes its oepration at full load always if therefore can constantly adjust the operate power of light fixture as required, can reduce junction temperature, improve radiating condition, increase useful life.

3, the temperature of LED lamp influences its light decay equally, therefore by carrying out the light decay that brightness regulation can be slowed down the LED lamp according to demand.

4, at present national standard is that segmentation is fixing to brightness requirement in the tunnel, and brightness lacks transition between each section, so the softening brightness curve helps the improvement of the eyes comfortableness of driver in the tunnel, more helps safe driving.

Therefore, if can comprise brightness in brightness outside the hole, the hole, vehicle flowrate flow velocity etc. according to detected parameters for tunnel in real time, and according to these parameters and the dynamic illumination curve that corresponds to actual needs that generates of national standard, then according to this curve, all light fixtures in the tunnel are carried out the brilliance control adjustment, make the actual illumination in the tunnel meet this demand curve, then can optimize the energy-saving safety operating of tunnel intraoral illumination greatly.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is directed to the existing tunnel Lighting Control Assembly, can't carry out the shortcoming of the brightness in On-line Control and the adjustment tunnel, propose a kind of tunnel LED illumination autocontrol method fully according to the brightness needs of reality.Adopt method provided by the invention that the LED illuminator is carried out intelligent decision and control, on the one hand can energy efficient, can also prolong the useful life of light fixture on the one hand and reduce light decay, can also improve fail safe on the other hand.

For this reason, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:

A kind of tunnel LED illumination autocontrol method based on the intelligent expert illumination curve comprises the following steps:

1) detects brightness outside the hole, obtain brightness value outside the hole, obtaining the brightness of entrance after this brightness value reduction;

2) changeover portion is divided into two or more transition sections,, sets the preliminary fiducial value of brightness of each changeover portion, interlude, outlet section based on the brightness of entrance;

3) set up an experts database, information to brightness outside the length of tunnel, tunnel height, hole of input, road speed, the magnitude of traffic flow and mode of transportation is carried out reasoning, adopt forward chaining reasoning control strategy, adjust the luminance reference value of corresponding entrance, each transition section, interlude and outlet section;

4) in expert system, the eyes accommodation curve according to the CIE standard utilizes formula L _Tr=L _Th(1.9+t) ^-1.4, from entrance, in the tunnel all the brightness of transition section or part transition section divide L _TrCarry out soft and smooth processing, in the formula, The speed of a motor vehicle is v, and S is displacement, the length in corresponding tunnel, L _ThThe soft and smooth luminance reference value for the treatment of for entrance;

5) generate complete dynamic brightness demand curve by expert system;

6) according to the brightness demand curve, set the set-point that feedback regulation is carried out in the brightness of each LED Tunnel Lamp position, realize the brightness feedback of integral LED Tunnel Lamp is regulated according to part brightness detected value in the hole.

Seem as preferred enforcement side, this control method is the 5th) after the step generated the brightness demand curve, also comprise following feedfoward control mode: with the position in the tunnel was parameter, substitution brightness demand curve obtains the average illumination E of correspondence position _Av, again with the lamp locker of the corresponding tunnel construction sections in this position every S and average illumination E _AvSubstitution luminous flux formula

In the formula, usage factor η, light fixture pattern of rows and columns N, maintenance factor M, the road width W is a constant, tries to achieve the average flux φ of the light fixture of required calculating location, again according to the full luminous flux of the light fixture of this position, calculate the light modulation percentage of this place's light fixture, thereby determine the size of the controlled quentity controlled variable of this place's light fixture, feedfoward control is carried out in the brightness of each light fixture.

The present invention is directed to the tunnel illumination system, adopt the LED light fixture to redesign, replace and transform, a kind of employing method of expert system has been proposed, detect parameters such as brightness in brightness outside the hole, the hole, vehicle flowrate flow velocity, and, generate the illumination demand curve in the dynamic tunnel in conjunction with the tunnel illumination demand curve of CIE standard.Adopt a kind of the feedforward then in conjunction with the control strategy of feedback, according to the illumination demand curve that generates, the illumination of all light fixtures in the tunnel is controlled and regulated, make the actual illumination needs of following that illumination in the tunnel can be real-time, optimize the energy-saving safe operation of illuminator, prolong the useful life of light fixture and reduced light decay, and can save energy consumption greatly.

Description of drawings

The tunnel LED illuminating system structure chart that Fig. 1 embodiment of the invention is used.

Brightness demand curve after the soft and smooth processing of Fig. 2 process CIE.

Fig. 3 expert system block diagram.

Whole tunnel illumination feedforward of Fig. 4 and feedback control principle figure.

Embodiment

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.

In order to solve tunnel illumination energy-saving safety optimal control problem, the present invention builds the tunnel illumination supervisory control system according to Fig. 1, comprises center monitoring main frame, brightness detection unit, vehicle flowrate flow monitoring unit, environment temperature sensor, communication bus, zone controller, single lamp control power supply of band communication bus, LED light fixture.The center monitoring main frame adopts industrial computer, Operation Centre monitoring and control management software and communication interface software, and the detected parameters of vehicle flowrate flow rate detection system, luminance meter and temperature sensor by communication bus, sends the center monitoring main frame to.The center monitoring main frame passes through communication interface, the Region control instruction is issued to each zone controller, respectively all light fixtures of system are controlled by the communication bus of zone controller again, carry out light modulation, and can (bright lamp be turned off the light, fault to the state of every desk lamp tool, illumination is given etc.) inquire about, and be presented on the software supervision interface.

The present invention proposes under this system platform, realize a kind of generation method of the tunnel internal illumination demand curve based on expert system, this method is by brightness outside the online detected hole under this platform, brightness in the hole, vehicle flowrate, information such as wagon flow speed, in conjunction with the standard-required of country for tunnel illumination, according to the related content about throwing light in " highway tunnel ventilation illumination Design standard ", set up an experts database, length of tunnel to input, the tunnel height, brightness outside the hole, road speed, the magnitude of traffic flow, and information such as mode of transportation carries out reasoning, determines corresponding entrance, changeover portion, the luminance reference value of interlude and outlet section.Then, adopt a kind ofly to make brightness curve more level and smooth, thereby satisfy the requirement of human eye procedure of adaptation comfort level in conjunction with the soft and smooth method of the curve of CIE accommodation curve.After the illumination demand curve generates, the lamp brightness regulating and controlling method that the present invention also adopts feedforward to combine with feedback, according to the illumination demand curve of trying to achieve, the brightness of all light fixtures in the tunnel is regulated, make the brightness in the tunnel meet this illumination curve.Since brightness outside the hole, brightness in the hole, and the vehicle flowrate flow velocity is the parameter of a dynamic change, so the brightness regulation process of the generation of whole illumination curve and light fixture is a dynamic process.

From two aspects control method of the present invention is elaborated below.

(1) adopts intelligent expert system to generate the illumination demand curve, adopt the soft and smooth illumination demand curve of CIE accommodation curve.

Concrete steps are as follows:

1) adopt luminance sensor directly brightness L20 (S) outside the detected hole to be transferred to the center monitoring main frame by communication bus, obtain accurately brightness value outside the hole, this detected value is as the control decision foundation of center monitoring main frame.

At entrance, according to formula

Lth＝k·L20(S)(1)

Calculate the brightness of entrance.Wherein k is a reduction coefficient.

Standard only provided " two-way traffic one-way traffic " vehicle flowrate greater than 2400/h and less than 700/h and " two-way traffic one-way traffic " at vehicle flowrate reduction coefficient under the different designs speed of a motor vehicle during greater than 1300/h with less than 360/h.Therefore wherein listed reduction coefficient can not cover all different situations.The reduction coefficient that does not provide in the middle scope is calculated according to interpolation method.

According to the highway tunnel illumination design specification changeover portion is divided into three transition section ladders, promptly changeover portion 1, changeover portion 2 and changeover portion 3.And in every section transition section of separating, every section luminance reference value is respectively:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{L}_{\mathrm{tr}1}=0.3L_{\mathrm{th}}\\ L_{\mathrm{tr}2}=0.1L_{\mathrm{th}}\\ L_{\mathrm{tr}3}=0.035L_{\mathrm{th}}\end{array}\right.---\left(2\right)$

In the complete lighting process in whole tunnel, interlude is an essential part.The basic task of interlude illumination is still the assurance stopping sight distance, and the illumination level of interlude is relevant with factors such as air transmission coefficient (and ventilation condition), road speed and the volume of traffic.The brightness Ltr of middle transition section can be according to the tabulation value in the standard under normal ventilation condition.According to the brightness settings of standard outlet section is that 5 times of interlude get final product.This part is determined is the theoretical value of preliminary brightness, also needs follow-up expert system dynamically to adjust.

2) according to the related content about throwing light in " highway tunnel ventilation illumination Design standard JTJ026.1-1999 ", set up an experts database, structure as shown in Figure 3, and information such as the outer brightness of the length of tunnel, tunnel height, hole of input, road speed, the magnitude of traffic flow and mode of transportation are carried out reasoning, adjust the luminance reference value of corresponding entrance, each transition section, interlude and outlet section.Because tunnel segment provides the luminance reference value, therefore, Luminance Distribution is stair-stepping, therefore can adopt the soft and smooth method of following curve, makes brightness curve level and smooth.

At changeover portion, based on the luminance reference value, according to the eyes accommodation curve of CIE standard (" city illumination design " book of writing by Li Tienan of publishing in January, 2007 referring to China Machine Press), utilize the formula (3) can soft and smooth changeover portion accommodation curve.

L _tr＝L _th(1.9+t) ^-1.4(3)

This curve be with time t as parameter, suppose that the speed of a motor vehicle is v, S is displacement, the order

Substitution following formula (3), then can be converted into the displacement be the curve of parameter to this curve.The length in the corresponding tunnel of shift length, based on aforementioned luminance reference value, from entrance, whole transition sections or part transition section in the tunnel, as the intersegmental brightness step portion of preceding two transition, substitute with the accommodation curve after this conversion, the length of these substitution curves is chosen, more to help soft and smooth curve is principle, thereby can become level and smooth brightness demand curve to stair-stepping brightness demand curve.Fig. 2 carries out the curve of example after soft and smooth to whole transition section.

Brightness expert system in tunnel is made up of N bar rule, in N bar rule, M notion (being also referred to as the fact) appears altogether, be total to M the fact, each is true to a numbering, from numbering from 1 to M, we do not store true notion in rule objects, the numbering of having only this fact, the conclusion of same rule also is the numbering of true notion, true data with rule are represented with constant.

Some the rules that brightness expert system in tunnel is made up of factors such as pattern, mode of transportation, the speed of a motor vehicle, vehicle flowrates, amount to M notion (promptly true), each is true to a numbering, in rule objects, knowledge base does not store true notion, only store the numbering of this fact, program has the mode of numbered sequence to express production rule, and the fact is then represented with constant.

Inference machine is the core actuator that implementation issue is found the solution, and it is the program that knowledge is made an explanation, according to the semanteme of knowledge, to the knowledge that finds by the certain strategy execution that makes an explanation, and outcome record in the suitable space of dynamic base.

3) system adopts forward chaining reasoning control strategy, and it is a process of releasing new conclusion from the known fact step by step, and its job step is: the rule of 1. collecting present case and being satisfied.If a more than rule part is satisfied, application collision is cleared up the highest rule of policy selection priority so, and deletes remaining rule; 2. carry out the operation of the THEN part of selected rule, till problem is resolved, calculate the length of each section in the tunnel, and select corresponding brightness value according to the condition of input.The part rule is expressed as follows:

Rule 1:

If: brightness is less than 52cd/m2 outside the hole

Then: pattern is " night "

Rule 2:

If: vehicle flowrate is greater than 700/h

Then: vehicle flowrate is bigger

Rule 3:

If: vehicle flowrate is smaller or equal to 700/h

Then: vehicle flowrate is less

Rule 4:

If: pattern is " night ", and vehicle flowrate is bigger, and mode of transportation is " two-way traffic one-way traffic ", and the speed of a motor vehicle is smaller or equal to 100km/h, greater than 80km/h

Then: tunnel brightness is 9cd/m2

Rule 5:

If: pattern is " night ", and vehicle flowrate is bigger, and mode of transportation is " two-way traffic one-way traffic ", and the speed of a motor vehicle is smaller or equal to 80km/h, greater than 60km/h

Then: tunnel brightness is 4.5cd/m2

Rule 6:

If: brightness is greater than design brightness outside the hole

Then: brightness outside the hole=design brightness

Rule 7:

If: brightness is less than design brightness outside the hole, and pattern is " daytime "

Then: brightness outside the hole=actual measurement brightness

......

Rule N-1:

If: brightness is greater than 52cd/m2 outside the hole

Then: be " daytime " pattern

Rule N:

If: pattern is " daytime ", and mode of transportation is " two-way traffic one-way traffic ", and the speed of a motor vehicle is 100km/h, and vehicle flowrate is greater than 2400/h,

Then: k=0.045, interlude brightness is 9cd/m ²

4) determine the luminance reference value of each section of tunnel by experts database, and adopt the soft and smooth brightness demand curve of CIE accommodation curve, generate complete dynamic brightness demand curve by expert system at last.

(2), employing feedovers and feed back the control strategy that combines, and makes the brightness of actual light fixture generation can meet brightness degree demand curve.

The control principle block diagram as shown in Figure 4.

Behind the given illumination demand curve, " the highway tunnel ventilation illumination Design standard JTJ026.1-1999 " according to above-mentioned has the average illumination formula:

$E_{\mathrm{av}}=\frac{\mathrm{\η}\·\mathrm{\φ}\·M\·N}{W\·S}---\left(4\right)$

E _AvBe average illumination, φ is a luminous flux, and η is a usage factor, and N is light fixture pattern of rows and columns, and M is a maintenance factor, and W is the road width, S be lamp locker every, can obtain:

$\mathrm{\φ}=\frac{W\·S\·E_{\mathrm{av}}}{\mathrm{\η}\·W\·N}---\left(5\right)$

η, N, M, W constant normally in the tunnel, and S as lamp locker every, different sections in the tunnel and different, given brightness demand curve is for being the continuous curve of abscissa with the length of tunnel.With the position in the tunnel is parameter, and substitution brightness demand curve obtains the E of correspondence position _Av, again with the lamp locker of the corresponding tunnel construction sections in this position every S and E _AvSubstitution formula (5) can be tried to achieve the average flux φ of the light fixture of required calculating location, according to the full luminous flux of the light fixture of this position, calculates the light modulation percentage of this place's light fixture, thereby determines the size of the controlled quentity controlled variable of this place's light fixture again.Therefore, can calculate the needed adjusting brightness of each light fixture by through type (5), carry out feedfoward control.Because feedfoward control is to calculate on the basis of mean value, and the actual power grade of light fixture may be different, therefore, this feedfoward control has certain deviation, on this basis, by the brightness detector of a plurality of nodes in the tunnel, brightness in the tunnel that feedback regulator comparison illumination demand curve and actual detected arrive is revised the brightness of light fixture.Thereby, guarantee that the intrinsic brilliance in the tunnel meets the brightness demand curve.

Present embodiment has also adopted the technological means of feedfoward control in order to reach better control effect.In the practical application, it also is feasible removing this link of feedfoward control.

Claims (2)

1. based on the tunnel LED illumination autocontrol method of intelligent expert illumination curve, comprise the following steps:

1) detects brightness outside the hole, obtain brightness value outside the hole, obtaining the brightness of entrance after this brightness value reduction;

2) changeover portion is divided into two or more transition sections,, sets the preliminary fiducial value of brightness of each changeover portion, interlude, outlet section based on the brightness of entrance;

3) set up an experts database, information to brightness outside the length of tunnel, tunnel height, hole of input, road speed, the magnitude of traffic flow and mode of transportation is carried out reasoning, adopt forward chaining reasoning control strategy, adjust the luminance reference value of corresponding entrance, each transition section, interlude and outlet section;

4) in expert system, the eyes accommodation curve according to the CIE standard utilizes formula L _Tr=L _Th(1.9+t) ^-1.4, from entrance, to the Luminance Distribution L of whole transition sections in the tunnel or part transition section _TrCarry out soft and smooth processing, in the formula, V is the speed of a motor vehicle, and S is displacement, the length in corresponding tunnel, L _ThThe soft and smooth luminance reference value for the treatment of for entrance;

5) generate complete dynamic brightness demand curve by expert system;

6) according to the brightness demand curve, set the set-point that feedback regulation is carried out in the brightness of each LED Tunnel Lamp position, realize the brightness feedback of integral LED Tunnel Lamp is regulated according to part brightness detected value in the hole.

2. the tunnel LED illumination autocontrol method based on the intelligent expert illumination curve according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, this control method is the 5th) step generated the brightness demand curve after, also comprise following feedfoward control mode: with the position in the tunnel is parameter, substitution brightness demand curve obtains the average illumination E of correspondence position _Av, again with the lamp locker of the corresponding tunnel construction sections in this position every S and average illumination E _AvSubstitution luminous flux formula

In the formula, usage factor η, light fixture pattern of rows and columns N, maintenance factor M, the road width W is a constant, tries to achieve the average flux φ of the light fixture of required calculating location, again according to the full luminous flux of the light fixture of this position, calculate the light modulation percentage of this place's light fixture, thereby determine the size of the controlled quentity controlled variable of this place's light fixture, feedfoward control is carried out in the brightness of each light fixture.

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