JPH09279994A - Tunnel portal and lighting system thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve traffic function and an appearance by forming a contour of a portal into an arch shape on the portal wall of the tunnel portal forming the portal wall nearly vertical against the ground, coloring the inner territory more deeply than the outer territory, and hence treating the surface so that the contour of the portal seems to spread from the inner part of the tunnel toward the outer part. SOLUTION: This tunnel portal 10 is a face wall type in which the portal wall 20 is formed vertically against the ground E, and belongs to an arching type in which the upper part is formed into an arch. The contour 30 of the portal is formed into an arch, and the portal wall 20 is formed with arch-like slits 40, 50 having larger radius of curvature than the radius of curvature forming the portal contour 30. The portal wall 20 is formed with slits 70 radially extending from the portal contour 30. Special decorative plates are used for the tunnel portal 10 so as to be surface-treated into a natural stone masonry tone, the masonry is changed from the inside to be small sizes → medium sizes →large sizes, and the coloring is changed to be deep → light based on green color.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a tunnel gate, and more particularly to a tunnel gate excellent in traffic functionality and scenic beauty.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, the following three main roles of a tunnel gate (tunnel tip opening) are listed. It receives earth pressure on the back slope and stabilizes the ground, rockfalls,
Basic role as a structure, such as protecting roads from avalanches. The role of ensuring visual safety, such as ensuring the adaptability of the driver's eyes by reducing the difference between light and dark, and eliminating glare due to the decrease in the brightness of the face wall. The role to alleviate the psychological tension when entering the dark area at high speed and to harmonize with the scenery around the tunnel.

With regard to the above, it is necessary to select the gate at an appropriate position so as to prevent accidents due to the occurrence of natural disasters due to natural and weather conditions. It is no exaggeration to say that is the biggest issue in road tunnel planning in general,
As measures against this, change the illumination from the tunnel to the center of the tunnel, provide a projecting type (described later) of a tunnel type with a natural lighting section, and study the alignment of the approach road. Has been done. With regard to the above, in order to reduce the driver's psychological oppressiveness, it is considered to select the tunnel type in consideration of psychological effects and to harmonize with the surrounding landscape.

Conventionally, as the gate type, as shown in FIG. 12, a wing type, an arch wing type, a bamboo split type, a bell mouth type and the like are known. The former two shown in (a) and (b) of the figure are so-called face-wall type, and the wall of the gate is formed substantially vertically to the ground. On the other hand, FIG.
The latter two shown in (d) are called protruding type. Among the characteristics of each gate type, the face wall type has the advantage that it can be constructed cheaply because the excavation extension is shorter than the protruding type, but in particular, the wing type has a large wall area and a device to reduce volatility (wall surface However, there is a drawback that it is easy to feel pressure when driving, though it is heavy. On the other hand, the protruding type has a merit that it does not feel visually uncomfortable because the wall area of the tunnel concrete is small, and that it fits well with the topography around the wellhead, but at the time of construction, formwork, bar arrangement, etc. However, there is a drawback in that it is time-consuming and costly.

[0005]

By the way, as described above, the tunnel must firstly improve the traffic functionality. For that purpose, in order to reduce the psychological oppressive feeling of the driver, it is effective to improve the approachability by a guiding effect as a sensation of being sucked. Then, when the present inventors conducted various experiments, they obtained an experimental result that the bell mouth type shown in FIG. 3D is highly evaluated as a tunnel type with high traveling approach (inductivity). . Then, as a result of consideration of the reason, the present inventors have found that it is due to the bellmouth type shape characteristic that the hollow area inside the tunnel is widened. However, the protruding type such as the bell mouth type has a drawback that the construction cost is high as described above, and therefore the face wall type is still the mainstream at present.

In recent tunnels, it is required to design not only functionality but also landscape beauty. Then, when the present inventors conducted various experiments, they obtained the result that the projecting type was evaluated higher than the face wall type in view of the landscape in harmony with the surrounding environment. However, since the tunnel itself is an expensive civil engineering structure, it does not cost much for the beauty of the landscape, and at present, the face wall type is often used. However, this face wall type has a problem in that the concrete surface is exposed more in the tunnel gate, which makes it difficult to adapt to the surrounding natural environment.

[0007] In general, after dusk, the visibility of traffic by the driver is remarkably reduced, and the accidents are most frequent. For this reason, it has been customary in the past to turn on the wellhead lighting to clarify the existence of the tunnel and alert the driver. However, in the past, the purpose was to only approach the visibility of the gate in the daytime as much as possible, so that the entire gate was illuminated and the pressure was felt as in the daytime.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a tunnel gate and a tunnel gate illuminating device which are excellent in traffic functionality and beautiful in view while being a face wall type. Has an aim.

[0009]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a tunnel gate in which the wall surface of the tunnel is formed substantially vertical to the ground. It is characterized by the surface treatment that makes the contour of the gate widen.

In the tunnel gate according to the first aspect of the present invention, since the surface of the wall of the tunnel is treated to make the contour of the tunnel widen from the inside of the tunnel to the outside, it is sucked even though it is a face wall type. It excels in running approach (guidance effect) as a sensation.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a tunnel gate.
In the tunnel gate described above, the gate contour is formed in an arch shape, and an arch-shaped section line formed by a radius of curvature larger than a radius of curvature forming the gate contour is formed on the wall surface of the gate. However, it is characterized in that a coloring process is performed to make the inner region darker than the outer region divided by the dividing line.

In the tunnel gate according to the second aspect of the present invention, on the wall surface of the gate, an arch-shaped section line is formed outside the arch-shaped gate outline, and the inner area is darker than the outer area. Although it is a face wall type, it produces a sense of perspective in the tunnel approaching direction, and excels in traveling approachability.

The tunnel gate according to claim 3 is the same as that of claim 2.
In the tunnel gate described, on the wall surface of the tunnel, instead of or in addition to the coloring treatment, a natural masonry-like surface makeup treatment is applied, and the surface makeup treatment is performed by the dividing line. The feature is that the stones in the inner region are formed to be smaller than the divided outer region.

In the tunnel gate according to the third aspect, when the surface makeup treatment is performed in a natural masonry manner, the stone in the inner area is made smaller than the outer area of the lane marking, so that it is a face wall type. However, there is a sense of perspective in the direction of approach to the tunnel, which is excellent in traveling approach.

The tunnel gate lighting device according to claim 4 is:
It is a tunnel gate illuminating device which illuminates the tunnel gate of Claim 2 or 3, Comprising: The wavelength is 34
It is characterized in that near-ultraviolet rays of 0 to 400 nm are irradiated, and the coloring treatment is performed with a special fluorescent paint that is colorless when the near-ultraviolet rays are not irradiated and emits fluorescence upon irradiation. The near-ultraviolet light is called black light.

In the tunnel gate lighting device according to the fourth aspect, by irradiating the surface of the special fluorescent paint with a black light in a dark portion, an illumination effect that is gentle to the eyes and fantastic is exhibited.

[0017]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION An embodiment of the tunnel gate according to the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 11. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a landscape of a tunnel gate in the daytime. As shown in the figure, the tunnel gate 10 according to the present embodiment is a face wall type in which the tunnel wall surface 20 is formed substantially vertically with respect to the ground E. It belongs to the arch wing type in that the upper part is formed in an arch shape. The tunnel contour 30 of the tunnel gate 10 is formed in an arch shape, and the arch wall surface 20 is formed with an arch-shaped slit having a larger radius of curvature than that of the tunnel contour 30. (Partition line)
40 and 50 are formed. In addition, slits (section lines) 70 that radially extend from the tunnel contour 30 are formed on the tunnel wall surface 20.

As described above, the inventors of the present invention have found that it is the bell mouth type that is excellent in traveling approach, because it is because the empty area inside the tunnel is widened. It was decided to reflect the mouse-shaped shape characteristics in the face wall type tunnel gate 10. Here, the shape difference between the bellmouth type and the face wall type is shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, in the bellmouth type shown by the broken line H, the hollow area in the tunnel is widened as compared with the face wall type shown by the dashed line M. With this configuration, the driver can get a feeling of being sucked into the tunnel at the time of entering the tunnel, and can obtain high traveling approach (inductivity).

The bellmouth type hollow widening image is
As means to be applied to the face wall type tunnel 10, the tunnel wall surface 20
It is effective to devise the processing of. Therefore, the inventors of the present invention consider the surface treatment of the tunnel wall surface 20 such that the tunnel contour 30 is widened from the inside of the tunnel to the outside, and the widening of the wall surface 20 as shown in FIG. 4 is performed. Created an image design. In the figure, (a) is radial,
(B) is a circle, (c) is a tornado, and slits (section lines) S are provided.

Further, in the present embodiment, from the viewpoint of landscape,
The following configuration was adopted in consideration of harmony with the surrounding environment.
That is, a tunnel gate (face wall type) where a concrete surface is exposed as an artificial structure is subjected to natural stone valley surface treatment using a special decorative template, and a portion indicated by a symbol G in FIG. It is colored with a greenish color. Here, in order to more effectively generate the bellmouth-type hollow widening image, as shown in FIG. 5, the masonry is changed from the hollow side to small → medium → large, and the color is based on green. After that, I decided to change from dark to light.

As the special decorative template, what is called SK Art Texture Stone (SK Kaken) is used. That is, spraying is applied to the surface of the paper frame where the joints have been sharpened.
It consists of basement coating, sumi-brushing, formworking, surface coating, demolding, and top coating. Further, since natural stone, ceramics, and ceramics are used as an aggregate and an arbitrary color can be adjusted at the time of blending, it has a feature that it is easy to match with nature and does not discolor. In addition, since the degree of unevenness is 2 to 3 mm, when the black light is irradiated at night as described later, the unevenness does not cause shade and the illuminance is not reduced (this thickness is adjusted by the spraying amount). Possible).

Here, as the special decorative template, the S
In addition to K-Art Texture Stone, we also considered using Mold Star (Tokai Rubber), but we did not use it for the following reasons. That is, the mold star is
The mold is made of Styrofoam, the reinforcement is assembled, and then concrete is poured. When this mold is used, a so-called white flower phenomenon occurs, so that there is a problem in color expression and there is a drawback that colored painting is required as a post-treatment. Also,
Approximately 50 mm on the surface due to the use of Styrofoam formwork
Unevenness occurs to some degree (if you custom order the formwork, unevenness can be avoided to some extent, but the cost will increase). For this reason, when the black light is irradiated, there is a problem that the shadow due to the unevenness is generated and the illuminance thereof is reduced. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the SK art texture stone is adopted because it is easily colored by the special fluorescent paint and is sufficiently irradiated with black light.

Further, in the present embodiment, as countermeasures for the tunnel 10 after dusk, not only improvement of visibility, which is a conventional problem, but also clarification of the existence of the tunnel in consideration of aesthetics, The following configuration was adopted with the goal of comfortable tunnel entry. That is, without disturbing the daytime landscape, the gate 1
We chose a method to make 0 emit light, and the emission form was conscious of the beauty of the landscape, and we decided not to make it strange.

As a light emitting method, (a) a light emitting diode,
(B) Color light up, (c) Black light,
Six (d) neon, (e) fluorescent lamp Andon, and (f) electroluminescence were planned. this house,
(A) and (f) had a problem in terms of economic efficiency, and (d) and (e) had a problem in view of landscape and novelty.

Therefore, although (b) and (c) were candidates, the target (relief) was simply illuminated by an illuminator (b), while the target was fluorescent-coated in the dark part. On the other hand, by projecting a black light, the target appears in a fluorescent color (C).
Is excellent in that it can emit light in an arbitrary area without disturbing the daytime landscape. Therefore, after all, (c) was adopted. By adopting (c), clarifying the existence of the gate through the psychological relaxation effect of the fantastic illumination,
A comfortable tunnel entry can be realized. further,
It is expected that it will contribute to regional revitalization as a landmark because of its novel luminescent form.

The black light used in this embodiment has a wavelength of 34, which has a photochemical action and a fluorescent action by blocking visible light by using an ultraviolet-transmitting blue-violet filter for the outer bulb.
It is a light source that emits near-ultraviolet rays of 0 to 400 nm (particularly, a wavelength of around 365 nm is suitable). Near ultraviolet rays
Although it is invisible, it can be used as a light source for special lighting and flaw detection devices in combination with phosphors of each color because it makes the phosphors and fluorescent paints emit light well. Also, the black light is
The surface emission is low in brightness, and it emits almost no visible light.
Make a fantastic impression. As described above, since the black light has a fantastic light emission form, the glare impairs traffic safety, that is, there is no obstruction of visibility due to the light emission brightness. In addition, various fantastic light sources such as LE
Among D, EL (electro luminescence), optical tube, optical fiber, neon sign, etc., the equipment cost is the lowest and maintenance is easy.

As the special fluorescent paint applied to the wall surface 20 of the tunnel, for example, "Lumilight Color" (trademark) manufactured by Shin Loihi Co., Ltd. was used. FIG. 2 shows a state of being colored with the paint and being irradiated with the black light. The coloring was based on a yellowish green color (reference numeral Y) having a high emission brightness and a light blue color.
In this case, the light emission luminance is higher when gradation is not applied. In the figure, the light blue arch line indicated by symbol B has the effect of adding sharpness, and by locating this line on the lining line, the approach inducibility is improved, and further,
The drawing work becomes the easiest. With these configurations, it was possible to create a bamboo split-type tunnel-like gate, which is highly evaluated for its beautiful scenery and functions in terms of design at night (when illuminated). Further, as shown in the same figure, on the landscape side, since the light emitting area is one third or less of the gate area, no strangeness is felt. It should be noted that the emission brightness in this example can be expected to be 0.1 to 0.5 Cd / m ² .

The specifications of the special fluorescent paint are as follows. The phosphor of the raw material is an inorganic substance, and the specifications are determined by the material used to make it into a paint, but the resin system can be made from water-based to fluorine (same for overcoating). Normally, urethane resin and acrylic silicone are the mainstream. As for the durability, the raw material phosphor is semi-permanent and depends on the resin used.

[0029] Here, conventionally, there is no precedent for using a black light and a fluorescent paint that fantastically shines in a tunnel gate, so that it is safe in an actual environment (natural light, headlights, wellhead lighting, etc.). The following experiments were conducted in order to secure high visibility and evaluate the emission brightness. 6 to 8 show general diagrams of the test facility. As shown in FIG.
Three points are selected from the light emitting area of the tunnel, six test pieces P of 0.9 m square are prepared, and this is used as a pseudo tunnel.
As in the actual design, a special fluorescent paint was applied to this pseudo-gate so that the lining part Pa emits a blue color and the other Pb emits a green color. Three 400 W blacklight floodlights L were installed on each of the left and right tunnel gates.

While setting the test equipment as described above,
The specific test setting items are described below. (1) Outdoor environment to be set In the case of dusk In the case of complete sunset (2) Additional conditions When the lighting is not turned on When the wellhead lighting is turned on (height 8 at a distance of 15 m from the tunnel
m lighting (symbol R in FIG. 8 is installed) When the headlight is lit downward (see FIG. 8) When the headlight is lit upward (see FIG. 8) (3) Viewpoint At intervals of 25, 50, 75 m from the gate However, the road alignment was set as the normal direction to the gate.

FIG. 9 shows a list of the above test cases. Further, a check sheet is shown in FIG. Seven people participate in the test, and during the test, the participants sensuously score, according to the check sheet of FIG. 10, whether the emission luminance of the illumination for each test CASE is appropriate. Before the test, participants are asked to observe the light emission form of the black light illumination in the dark part of the room and memorize the light emission brightness with high visibility evaluation. Then, the evaluation was carried out on the assumption that the light emitting state was regarded as a reference value, and the light emitting state was evaluated at 3 points out of 5 steps.

FIG. 11 is a list of average values of data obtained from the above seven participants. As shown in the figure, the evaluation average value for the emission brightness of the test pieces in all CASEs is 3.0 for both green and blue. By comprehensively analyzing these data, it was confirmed that effective luminescence can be visually recognized.

Since the special fluorescent paint fades into infrared rays, it is better not to directly expose it to sunlight, but as a countermeasure against this, coating with various protective clear paints is effective. Also, dust on the surface of the fluorescent paint is expected to be contaminated due to dust in the tunnel, but this can be dealt with by regular maintenance.

[0034]

According to the tunnel gate of claim 1,
Since the surface of the tunnel wall is treated to make the contour of the tunnel widen from the inside to the outside of the tunnel, it is a face wall type, but it is excellent in running approach (guidance effect) as a feeling of being sucked. The effect can be obtained.

According to the tunnel gate of claim 2, in the wall surface of the gate, an arch-shaped section line is formed outside the arch-shaped gate outline, and the inner region is darker than the outer region. Therefore, even though it is a face wall type, it is possible to obtain an effect that a sense of perspective is generated in the tunnel approaching direction and the traveling approachability is excellent.

According to the tunnel gate of claim 3, when the surface makeup treatment is performed in a natural masonry manner, the stones in the inner area are smaller than the outer area of the dividing line. However, it is possible to obtain an effect that a sense of perspective is generated in the tunnel approaching direction and the traveling approachability is excellent.

According to the tunnel gate lighting device of the fourth aspect, by irradiating the surface of the special fluorescent paint with black light in a dark portion, a fantastic illumination effect is exhibited. Since the visible light is near-ultraviolet light, which is almost zero, it is easy on the eyes and does not obstruct the visibility due to the emission brightness.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view showing an embodiment of a tunnel gate according to the present invention and showing a daytime landscape.

FIG. 2 is a front view showing a night view showing an embodiment of a tunnel gate illuminated by a tunnel gate lighting device according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a difference in shape between a bell mouth type and a face wall type.

FIG. 4 is a view showing an embodiment of a tunnel gate according to the present invention, and is a view in which the wall surface of the gate is subjected to a surface treatment in which the tunnel contour appears to widen from the inside of the tunnel to the outside.

FIG. 5 is a front view showing an embodiment of the tunnel gate according to the present invention and enlarging a part of the wall surface of the gate.

FIG. 6 is a front view showing the entire test equipment of the tunnel gate lighting apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a front view illustrating a state of the same test.

FIG. 8 is a side view of the same.

FIG. 9 is a list of test cases in the same test.

FIG. 10 is a check sheet used in the same test.

FIG. 11 is a table showing the results of the same test.

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a tunnel gate type.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10 Tunnel Gate 20 Wall Surface 30 Gate Outline 40 Dividing Line (Slit) 50 Dividing Line (Slit) E Ground

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[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] July 30, 1996

[Procedure amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] Figure 9

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

FIG. 9 is a test case list view table in the same test.

[Procedure amendment 2]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] FIG.

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

11 is a diagram table showing the results of the test.

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. In a tunnel gate (10) in which a tunnel wall (20) is formed substantially perpendicular to the ground (E), the tunnel wall (20) is provided with a tunnel from the inside to the outside. A tunnel gate with a surface treatment that makes the gate contour (30) look wider. 2. The tunnel gate (10) according to claim 1, wherein the gate contour (30) is formed in an arch shape, and the gate wall (20) is provided with the gate contour (30). An arch-shaped section line (40, 50) formed by a larger radius of curvature than the formed radius of curvature is formed, and the inner area is darker than the outer area sectioned by the section line (40, 50). A tunnel gate characterized by being colored. 3. The tunnel gate (10) according to claim 2, wherein, in addition to or in addition to the coloring treatment, the tunnel wall surface (20) has a natural masonry surface finish. A tunnel gate, characterized in that the surface decoration treatment is performed so as to form stones in an inner region smaller than an outer region divided by the division lines (40, 50). 4. A tunnel gate lighting device for illuminating the tunnel gate (10) according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the wavelength is 340 to 400 nm on the wall surface (20) of the tunnel.
In addition to irradiating the near-ultraviolet ray, the coloring treatment is performed with a special fluorescent paint that is colorless when the near-ultraviolet ray is not irradiated and emits fluorescence upon irradiation.