US20090154909A1 - Liquid-heating device for electric household appliance - Google Patents

Liquid-heating device for electric household appliance Download PDF

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Publication number
US20090154909A1
US20090154909A1 US12/088,961 US8896106A US2009154909A1 US 20090154909 A1 US20090154909 A1 US 20090154909A1 US 8896106 A US8896106 A US 8896106A US 2009154909 A1 US2009154909 A1 US 2009154909A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
channel
main body
liquid
complementary element
outlet
Prior art date
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Abandoned
Application number
US12/088,961
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English (en)
Inventor
Pascal Meyer
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SEB SA
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SEB SA
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Application filed by SEB SA filed Critical SEB SA
Assigned to SEB SA reassignment SEB SA ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MEYER, PASCAL
Publication of US20090154909A1 publication Critical patent/US20090154909A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
    • A47J31/00—Apparatus for making beverages
    • A47J31/44—Parts or details or accessories of beverage-making apparatus
    • A47J31/54—Water boiling vessels in beverage making machines
    • A47J31/542—Continuous-flow heaters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
    • A47J31/00—Apparatus for making beverages
    • A47J31/44—Parts or details or accessories of beverage-making apparatus
    • A47J31/4403—Constructional details
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
    • A47J36/00—Parts, details or accessories of cooking-vessels
    • A47J36/24—Warming devices
    • A47J36/2483—Warming devices with electrical heating means

Definitions

  • This invention relates in general to the field of electric household appliances. More particularly, it concerns domestic appliances requiring the heating of a liquid, and more particularly the heating of water, to a temperature lower than that at which it changes to the gaseous phase. Citable among these devices are electric coffee makers, espresso machines and hot beverage dispensers, which require water to be produced rapidly, at a temperature higher than 60° and lower than the boiling temperature of the liquid.
  • the invention relates to a liquid-heating device for an electric household appliance, comprising a main body associated with a complementary element covering one face of the main body, creating a liquid circulation channel between the complementary element and main body, which has two ends forming a inlet designed to be connected to a liquid reservoir and an outlet designed for discharging the heated liquid, said complementary element having a heating resistor disposed in order to enable the heating of liquid travelling along the channel.
  • liquid-heating device manufacturers have developed heating devices having various architectures for arranging the liquid circulation channel in relation to the heating resistor.
  • a liquid-heating device of the type defined above is known from the document FR-A-2 855 359, and is provided with a main body having a low thermal inertia, lower than that of aluminium.
  • This device is particularly advantageous because, due to the low inertia thereof, the main body stores a very small amount of the heat produced by the resistor. The thermal efficiency of this heating device is thus improved while reducing heat losses.
  • the purpose of this invention is to propose a heating device which enables at least some of the aforesaid disadvantages to be mitigated and which, in particular, has less tendency to become scaled when heating liquids to temperatures close to boiling.
  • the device of the invention which is otherwise consistent with the generic definition thereof provided in the preamble set forth above, is substantially characterised in that said channel has a minimum cross-sectional liquid flow area situated distant from said outlet and within closer proximity to the outlet of the channel than to the inlet thereof.
  • the flow rate of the liquid is relatively slow, which enables the progressive heating thereof over a considerable length of the channel (at least equal to the length of the channel). Then, at the location of the minimum cross-sectional area and at with a constant flow of liquid, the flow rate of the liquid increases due to the constriction associated with the minimum cross-sectional area.
  • the location of the constriction formed in the channel is chosen so as to be positioned in a hot area of the channel, i.e., in proximity to the outlet thereof. It is in fact in the hot area that the vapour bubbles form and that the scale is deposited.
  • the pressure of the liquid against the hot walls of the channel is then increased, thereby resulting in a reduction in the amount of vapour generated and/or more rapid evacuation of these vapour bubbles, which become less corrosive for the material.
  • Increasing the velocity of the water in the hot area of the channel is accompanied by a reduction in the amount of scale being deposited on the walls of the channel.
  • the heat exchange between the walls of the channel and the liquid is improved because there is better thermal conduction with a liquid/wall interface than with a vapour/wall interface.
  • the temperature at which vapour is created in the channel is increased compared to what it is in the case of a heating device which does not have any minimum cross-sectional area forming a constriction in the channel in the hot area. It is thus possible to increase the heating power of the resistor without necessarily generating more vapour than in the devices of the prior art. Consequently, the speed with which the liquid is heated can be increased without necessarily producing a scaling area.
  • the device can be arranged for the device to comprise a channel portion which becomes progressively constricted as it approaches the channel outlet, this constricted portion being situated within closer proximity to the outlet of the channel than to the inlet thereof, between said minimum cross-sectional liquid flow area and said channel inlet.
  • the temperature of the progressively constricted area can, on average, be increased without necessarily creating a vapour-generating area.
  • the minimum cross-sectional area can belong to a channel portion of constant minimum cross section over the entire length thereof, this channel portion of constant minimum cross section being immediately contiguous with said constricted portion.
  • the cross-sectional areas of the channel when moving towards the channel outlet, becomes progressively constricted along the constricted portion until becoming minimum and constant over the entire length of the channel portion of constant minimum cross section.
  • the heating resistor is likewise possible to arrange for the heating resistor to be screen-printed onto a face of the complementary element opposite the main body. This embodiment enables optimum heat exchange between the resistor and the complementary element, thereby equally improving the efficiency of the device.
  • the distance separating said minimum cross-sectional area of the channel from the outlet is at least one tenth of the total length of the channel, as measured between the inlet and outlet thereof.
  • This embodiment makes it possible to reduce the pressure exerted by the heated liquid on the wall of the channel in proximity to the outlet, which is a slightly cooled area due to the proximity of the outlet to the exterior of the device.
  • This widening of the cross-sectional area of the channel in proximity to the outlet is designed so as to not create any area promoting the occurrence of vapour via cavitation.
  • the minimum cross-sectional area is less than half of a maximum cross-sectional fluid flow area in the channel, preferably less than a quarter of this maximum cross-sectional area and preferably less than a fifth of this maximum cross-sectional area.
  • the velocity of the liquid at a given location in the channel is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area of the channel at this location.
  • the minimum cross-sectional area should be at least equal to half of the maximum cross-sectional area, and preferably equal to a fifth of this maximum cross-sectional area, thereby making it possible to ensure ideal conditions for carrying away possible scale particles which might have formed along the channel in proximity to the areas of constricted cross section.
  • This distance between the complementary element and the main body corresponds to the depth of the channel.
  • the shallower the depth of the channel the more the fluid pressure against the complementary element will tend to build up, thereby promoting heat exchange at this location while preventing the creation of vapour therein.
  • the complementary element prefferably be a tube inside of which the main body is disposed, and for the channel to be in the form of a spiral wound about the main body, the turns of this spiral closest to one another being situated in proximity to the location where said minimum cross-sectional area is located.
  • the main body can be flat and for the channel to be in the form of a flat spiral.
  • This embodiment can be used for certain appliances requiring planar heating devices due to space requirement issues.
  • the inlet to this device can be located at the centre of the spiral and outlet at the periphery, or vice versa. At any event, it should be ensured that the minimum cross-sectional area is situated in closer proximity to the outlet than to the inlet, for example, by modifying the relative spacing between two consecutive turns of the spiral and/or by modifying the depth of the channel as stated above.
  • the channel can also be arranged for the channel to be formed by a groove made in said main body.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exploded perspective view of the heating device in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal sectional view of the heating device of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal sectional view of the single main body mounted inside the device of FIGS. 1 and 2 .
  • the invention relates to a liquid-heating device.
  • This device comprises a main body 1 of substantially cylindrical shape, and a tubular-shaped complementary element 3 holding a heating resistor 2 .
  • the main body 1 is dimensioned to be inserted into the complementary element 3 forming a sleeve.
  • a leak-proof area between the main body and the complementary element is formed at each end of the tube 3 .
  • a channel 4 is formed between these leak-proof areas and between the internal face of the complementary element 3 and the main body 1 .
  • This channel 4 is the space existing between the main body 1 and the complementary element 3 , and running between the inlet of the channel and the outlet thereof.
  • a first end of this groove 10 terminates in a first opening forming the outlet 6 communicating with the exterior of the device via a first tube 14 a.
  • a second end of this groove 10 terminates in a second opening forming the inlet 5 communicating with the exterior of the device via a second tube 14 b.
  • Each of these tubes 14 a and 14 b extends towards the exterior of the device in order to be connected to a water supply system for the heating appliance.
  • the second tube 14 b is typically connected to a cold water supply reservoir and the first tube 14 a is connected to a hot water dispenser equipped with a spigot.
  • the fluid can flow either by gravity, by placing the reservoir above the heating device, or by means of a forced flow using a pump placed between the cold water reservoir and the device 11 .
  • the groove formed on the main body in order to define the channel 4 has a variable depth and width, depending on the location inside the channel 4 .
  • the channel has substantially four successive portions in the direction in which the liquid flows.
  • a first channel portion into which the inlet 5 opens has a maximum cross-sectional fluid flow area Smax (visible in FIG. 3 ). This maximum cross-sectional area is the largest along the entire length of the channel 4 .
  • a second channel portion 7 is defined immediately downstream from the first portion, in order to enable progressive constriction of the cross-sectional fluid flow area of the channel. This second portion 7 is called the constricted portion.
  • a third channel portion 8 is defined immediately downstream from the second portion, in order to define a minimum cross-section fluid circulation area 5 min, where 5 min is the smallest cross-sectional fluid flow area along the entire length of the channel.
  • a fourth cross-sectional channel area immediately downstream from the third portion connects this third portion to the outlet while progressively widening the cross-sectional fluid flow area.
  • the first portion accounts for 50% of the total length of the channel, the constricted portion 7 approximately 15% of this length, the minimum cross-sectional channel area portion 8 approximately 25%, and the fourth portion approximately 10%.
  • the constant minimum cross-sectional flow area 5 min is 4 times smaller than the maximum cross-sectional area Smax, thereby enabling the fluid velocity to be increased by a factor of 4. This makes it possible to prevent the creation of bubbles in the channel and increases the heat exchange between the liquid and the complementary element carrying the heating resistor 2 .
  • the channel is anticipated to facilitate the evacuation of bubbles which are detrimental to proper heat exchange.
  • the depth of and width of the groove are varied.
  • the channel has a width of approximately 4 mm and depth Dmax of 3 mm, thereby creating a maximum cross-sectional area of 12 mm 2 .
  • the width of the channel is approximately 1.5 mm and the depth Dmin thereof is approximately 2 mm, thereby creating a minimum cross-sectional area of 3 mm 2 .
  • the channel is shaped such that the width and depth thereof evolve along a regular, progressive and continuous curve, thereby reducing head losses.
  • the screen-printed heating resistor 2 is formed on the face 9 of the complementary element 3 which is opposite the main body 1 .
  • This resistor 2 is designed to supply an evenly distributed and uniform heating power over the entire length of the channel 4 , in order to enable the liquid flowing inside the channel to heat up along the entire transit thereof.
  • the resistor 2 heats in a substantially uniform manner over the entire length thereof.
  • the resistor 2 consists of two resistive circuits 2 a , 2 b mounted in parallel between two supply terminals 15 a , 15 b , which are also screen-printed. These resistive circuits are wound in spirals on the face 9 of the complementary element and terminals 15 a , 15 b are disposed so as to enable electrical contact with metal blades typically made of copper.
  • one or more layers of an insulating material are screen-printed onto the complementary element, then a conductive paste in a particular pathway, and a layer for forming the supply terminals 15 a , 15 b , and finally one or more layers of an insulating material.
  • the available heating power can be of the order of 2000 W.
  • the thickness of the sleeve-like complementary element is reduced to a maximum in order to promote conductive heat transfers from the resistor to the liquid in the channel.
  • a material should be chosen for making the complementary element which has high thermal conductivity, e.g., greater than 40.
  • Thermal conductivity (Cth) is understood to mean the ratio of the value of the coefficient of thermal conductivity (X) of the material of the complementary element divided by the value of the thickness (e) thereof expressed in millimetres.
  • the complementary element transmits heat energy from the heating resistor to the liquid very quickly, because the thickness thereof is very small, of the order of 1 to 3 millimetres, and because the constituent material thereof, which is aluminium, copper or stainless steel, has a high degree of thermal conductivity.
  • the main body is made of a plastic material, or more generally speaking of a material having low thermal inertia Ith, which, at any event, is lower than that of aluminium, which is of the order of 2.30, so as to store only a small portion of the heating energy.
  • the hot area of the main body which is a critical design area, is rendered mechanically stronger due to the small width of the channel and the greater surface density of the groove-forming blades. It is to be noted that these blades can be wider in the hot area, in proximity to the channel outlet, than in the rest of the device.
  • This novel channel shape likewise enables improved heat exchange with the channel water and therefore noticeable cooling of the main body in the hottest area.
  • the main body which is generally made of mechanically strong but costly food-grade PPS, can now be made of a filled polyamide, the mechanical strength of which is lower but the cost of which is less.
  • a temperature sensor 16 such as a thermistor, visible in FIG. 1 , is advantageously attached to the face 9 of the complementary element, and is hooked up to an electronic circuit by means of two terminals 16 a , 16 b .
  • This electronic circuit controls the electric power supply to the resistive tracks, whereby the complementary element is kept at a predetermined temperature when the water is circulating.
  • a fusible area to be created in the resistor, at the surface of the complementary element. In this way, in the event that the resistor overheats, the fusible area melts, thereby interrupting the power supply to the resistor and cutting off the heat.
  • the user turns on the heating device with an operating control, which causes the liquid to begin circulating inside the channel and the resistor to heat up.
  • the temperature increase slope inside the channel is of the order 30° C. per second versus 5° C. per second as measured on certain devices of the prior art.
  • the heating device is preheated very quickly and the liquid heated to between 80 and 99° C. can be reliably delivered within a few seconds, by regulating the liquid flow rate and the heating power.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
  • Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
US12/088,961 2005-10-06 2006-10-04 Liquid-heating device for electric household appliance Abandoned US20090154909A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0510239A FR2891720B1 (fr) 2005-10-06 2005-10-06 Dispositif de chauffage de liquide pour appareil electromenager.
FR0510239 2005-10-06
PCT/FR2006/002235 WO2007039683A1 (fr) 2005-10-06 2006-10-04 Dispositif de chauffage de liquide pour appareil electromenager

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20090154909A1 true US20090154909A1 (en) 2009-06-18

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US12/088,961 Abandoned US20090154909A1 (en) 2005-10-06 2006-10-04 Liquid-heating device for electric household appliance

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (1) US20090154909A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1945074B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4906865B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR101002473B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101282671B (fr)
AT (1) ATE442072T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2006298641B2 (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0616953A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE602006009133D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2335234T3 (fr)
FR (1) FR2891720B1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2380022C1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007039683A1 (fr)

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WO2016162895A1 (fr) * 2015-04-10 2016-10-13 Iacobucci Hf Aerospace S.P.A. Dispositif de chauffage
US20160363344A1 (en) * 2015-06-15 2016-12-15 Shu-Lien Chen Liquid heating device
US9523514B2 (en) 2012-09-21 2016-12-20 Access Business Group International Llc Selective water temperature component for use with water treatment systems
US9648983B2 (en) 2012-05-15 2017-05-16 Bleckmann Gmbh & Co. Kg Helical dynamic flow through heater
US10368689B2 (en) 2010-07-16 2019-08-06 Societe Des Produits Nestle S.A. Advanced heating device
US10702094B2 (en) 2016-07-25 2020-07-07 Gruppo Cimbali S.P.A. Device for continuous heating of fluids
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FR2939628B1 (fr) * 2008-12-12 2010-12-31 Cie Mediterraneenne Des Cafes Module pour machine de preparation de boissons.
MX2013006177A (es) * 2010-12-02 2013-09-06 Nestec Sa Sensor termico de baja inercia en una maquina de bebidas.
KR101137528B1 (ko) 2011-11-18 2012-04-20 한국기계연구원 카트리지형 인라인 히터 및 이를 이용한 작동유체 온도 제어 시스템
FR2995069B1 (fr) * 2012-08-30 2018-12-07 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Dispositif de chauffage electrique de fluide pour vehicule automobile
CN103976651A (zh) * 2014-01-14 2014-08-13 宁波金阳光电热科技有限公司 带防爆体的高传热分系数石英加热管
RU2017125538A (ru) * 2014-12-24 2019-01-24 Нестек С.А. Одноразовое теплообменное устройство и система, включающая такое устройство
EP3236815B1 (fr) * 2014-12-24 2022-04-27 Société des Produits Nestlé S.A. Dispositif de transfert de chaleur et système intégrant un tel dispositif
CH711680B1 (fr) * 2015-10-23 2022-01-14 Gotec Sa Module de chauffage pour pompe à liquide, ensemble d'alimentation en liquide chaud et machine de production de boisson chaude.
CN106813375B (zh) * 2015-12-01 2020-11-06 青岛海尔智能技术研发有限公司 热水器及用于热水器的管道电加热装置
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AU2006298641A1 (en) 2007-04-12
AU2006298641B2 (en) 2010-02-25
CN101282671A (zh) 2008-10-08
CN101282671B (zh) 2011-02-16
JP2009511102A (ja) 2009-03-19
RU2380022C1 (ru) 2010-01-27
FR2891720B1 (fr) 2007-12-14
BRPI0616953A2 (pt) 2011-07-05
KR101002473B1 (ko) 2010-12-17
DE602006009133D1 (de) 2009-10-22
JP4906865B2 (ja) 2012-03-28
WO2007039683A1 (fr) 2007-04-12
EP1945074B1 (fr) 2009-09-09
EP1945074A1 (fr) 2008-07-23
ATE442072T1 (de) 2009-09-15
KR20080078637A (ko) 2008-08-27
RU2008118005A (ru) 2009-11-20
ES2335234T3 (es) 2010-03-23
FR2891720A1 (fr) 2007-04-13

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