CN1640349B - 用于冲泡盛在料包中的咖啡粉的咖啡机 - Google Patents

用于冲泡盛在料包中的咖啡粉的咖啡机 Download PDF

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CN1640349B
CN1640349B CN2005100057161A CN200510005716A CN1640349B CN 1640349 B CN1640349 B CN 1640349B CN 2005100057161 A CN2005100057161 A CN 2005100057161A CN 200510005716 A CN200510005716 A CN 200510005716A CN 1640349 B CN1640349 B CN 1640349B
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詹尼·雷莫
阿瑟·施梅德
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Saeco International Group SpA
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
    • A47J31/00—Apparatus for making beverages
    • A47J31/06—Filters or strainers for coffee or tea makers ; Holders therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
    • A47J31/00—Apparatus for making beverages
    • A47J31/40—Beverage-making apparatus with dispensing means for adding a measured quantity of ingredients, e.g. coffee, water, sugar, cocoa, milk, tea
    • A47J31/407—Beverage-making apparatus with dispensing means for adding a measured quantity of ingredients, e.g. coffee, water, sugar, cocoa, milk, tea with ingredient-containing cartridges; Cartridge-perforating means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
    • A47J31/00—Apparatus for making beverages
    • A47J31/06—Filters or strainers for coffee or tea makers ; Holders therefor
    • A47J31/0657—Filters or strainers for coffee or tea makers ; Holders therefor for brewing coffee under pressure, e.g. for espresso machines
    • A47J31/0668—Filters or strainers for coffee or tea makers ; Holders therefor for brewing coffee under pressure, e.g. for espresso machines specially adapted for cartridges
    • A47J31/0673—Means to perforate the cartridge for creating the beverage outlet
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
    • A47J31/00—Apparatus for making beverages
    • A47J31/24—Coffee-making apparatus in which hot water is passed through the filter under pressure, i.e. in which the coffee grounds are extracted under pressure
    • A47J31/34—Coffee-making apparatus in which hot water is passed through the filter under pressure, i.e. in which the coffee grounds are extracted under pressure with hot water under liquid pressure
    • A47J31/36—Coffee-making apparatus in which hot water is passed through the filter under pressure, i.e. in which the coffee grounds are extracted under pressure with hot water under liquid pressure with mechanical pressure-producing means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
    • A47J31/00—Apparatus for making beverages
    • A47J31/24—Coffee-making apparatus in which hot water is passed through the filter under pressure, i.e. in which the coffee grounds are extracted under pressure
    • A47J31/34—Coffee-making apparatus in which hot water is passed through the filter under pressure, i.e. in which the coffee grounds are extracted under pressure with hot water under liquid pressure
    • A47J31/36—Coffee-making apparatus in which hot water is passed through the filter under pressure, i.e. in which the coffee grounds are extracted under pressure with hot water under liquid pressure with mechanical pressure-producing means
    • A47J31/3604—Coffee-making apparatus in which hot water is passed through the filter under pressure, i.e. in which the coffee grounds are extracted under pressure with hot water under liquid pressure with mechanical pressure-producing means with a mechanism arranged to move the brewing chamber between loading, infusing and ejecting stations
    • A47J31/3623—Cartridges being employed
    • A47J31/3628—Perforating means therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
    • A47J31/00—Apparatus for making beverages
    • A47J31/24—Coffee-making apparatus in which hot water is passed through the filter under pressure, i.e. in which the coffee grounds are extracted under pressure
    • A47J31/34—Coffee-making apparatus in which hot water is passed through the filter under pressure, i.e. in which the coffee grounds are extracted under pressure with hot water under liquid pressure
    • A47J31/36—Coffee-making apparatus in which hot water is passed through the filter under pressure, i.e. in which the coffee grounds are extracted under pressure with hot water under liquid pressure with mechanical pressure-producing means
    • A47J31/3666—Coffee-making apparatus in which hot water is passed through the filter under pressure, i.e. in which the coffee grounds are extracted under pressure with hot water under liquid pressure with mechanical pressure-producing means whereby the loading of the brewing chamber with the brewing material is performed by the user
    • A47J31/3676—Cartridges being employed
    • A47J31/369—Impermeable cartridges being employed
    • A47J31/3695—Cartridge perforating means for creating the hot water inlet
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
    • A47J31/00—Apparatus for making beverages
    • A47J31/44—Parts or details or accessories of beverage-making apparatus
    • A47J31/4492—Means to read code provided on ingredient pod or cartridge
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
    • A47J31/00—Apparatus for making beverages
    • A47J31/44—Parts or details or accessories of beverage-making apparatus
    • A47J31/4496—Means to produce beverage with a layer on top, e.g. of cream, foam or froth
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F24C7/00—Stoves or ranges heated by electric energy
    • F24C7/02—Stoves or ranges heated by electric energy using microwaves

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Abstract

用于冲泡盛于料包中的粉咖啡的咖啡机，包括：适于容纳料包的冲泡腔，用于冲穿料包的至少一个冲孔件，和把冲泡水供入冲泡腔中的泵。为了避免制备好的咖啡在其表面上出现泡沫，咖啡机含有用于限制单位时间内由泵供入冲泡腔的水量的装置。这个装置保证：冲泡水流过基本上是不增压的料包。

Description

用于冲泡盛在料包中的咖啡粉的咖啡机
技术领域
本发明涉及用于冲泡盛在料包中的咖啡粉的咖啡机，所述咖啡机包括：适于容纳咖啡粉料包的冲泡腔，至少一个用于冲穿咖啡粉料包的装置，和把热冲泡水供入冲泡腔的泵。
背景技术
这种咖啡机主要在家庭中使用，即是为家用而设计的。与具有研磨整粒咖啡豆的研磨器的传统咖啡机相比，上述咖啡机的主要优点在于：通过使用预装填的咖啡粉料包就可制备高质量等级的咖啡饮料，尤其当咖啡粉是最佳地研磨的并以气密方式保留在料包中时是如此。此外，这种咖啡机较少受到咖啡粉的污染。
为冲泡盛在料包中的咖啡粉，使用了手动操作的或半自动的及全自动的咖啡机。通常，在手动操作的咖啡机中，料包被插入料包支持器中，而支持器又被插入咖啡机中。在半自动咖啡机中，料包被插入料包支持器中或直接插入机器的冲泡腔中，从而利用中心杠杆机构手动地封闭冲泡腔。然而，在全自动咖啡机中，料包被从料包仓中移出并自动地插入冲泡腔；在冲泡操作之后，料包从冲泡腔中移出并在操作者没有任何介入的情况下被丢弃入废物容器中。
上述所有这些种类的咖啡机通常包括中空的所谓冲泡尖锥，它设置有用于把冲泡水注入料包的径向流出开口，冲泡尖锥还适于分别冲穿料包的底部和盖子。还知道在手动操作的咖啡机中，料包支持器设置有位于出口格栅上的多个凸起；当冲泡水刚从料包的相对侧注入料包中时，这些凸起就拆开了料包的盖子，并且在由受压的冲泡水产生的液体过压影响下料包被压向这些凸起。在随后的冲泡操作期间，冲泡水通过冲泡尖锥被注入料包中，结果是冲泡水在压力下流过盛在料包中的咖啡粉并通过由凸起生成的开口而流出料包。
与它是手动操作的咖啡机还是半自动机或全自动机的事实无关，咖啡机被构造成并适合于所述料包，以产生其表面上有泡沫的咖啡饮料；该泡沫通常被认为是优良的咖啡饮料的特征。
即使曾做出很大努力来保证已制备好的咖啡饮料在其表面上具有持久的泡沫，在某些国家中还是需求：利用这些咖啡机也能制备过滤咖啡意义上的传统咖啡。还使用了“柔和咖啡”的表述来代替“过滤咖啡”的表述。
美国专利Nr.5,325,765公开了含有不渗透的可穿破底板的饮料过滤料包，所述底板在其一个端部具有预定的形状和开口。自支承的可浸湿过滤元件被配置在该底板中。它与底板中的开口密封地结合并具有不同于并小于预定形状底板的形式，因此过滤元件从底板分出并把底板分成两个密封的腔，即：用于储存要制作的饮料的提取物的第一腔；和饮料通入的第二空腔，所述饮料是通过液体与提取物混合制成后从过滤器流出而通入第二空腔的。另外，它包括与底板中的开口密封地结合的不渗透的可穿破盖子，以制成不渗透的料包。为了提取咖啡粉，利用上及下冲孔件在料包的两侧冲孔。下冲孔件是偏心布置的，使得它延伸进入位于底板与过滤元件之间的第二腔而不损伤过滤元件。受压的冲泡水通过上冲孔件而被供入料包中。它穿过咖啡粉及过滤元件并进入第二腔。由此，它流过下冲孔件进入饮料料包。
美国专利Nr.3,537,384公开了蒸汽及水制备机，特别是用于制备咖啡及荼饮料的机器。它包括泵单元及后续的煮水器。提供了用于容纳咖啡粉的可拆卸过滤头。泵被构造成每转中排放恒定体积的水，而与过滤头的内阻力无关，导致预定温度的精确预定量的水被供输通过盛在过滤头中的咖啡粉。通过改变泵的流量和/或煮水器的热量输出，冲泡水的温度被称作改变成，使得可制备传统的咖啡饮料或是浓咖啡饮料，因为通过不同温水平溶解了不同的调味剂。特别是，要注意：对于制备浓咖啡饮料必须使用温度110℃的蒸汽，以便特别是溶解含在咖啡粉中的苦调味剂。
美国专利Nr.4,583,449公开了用于有选择地制作普通咖啡或浓咖啡的煮咖啡壶。它包括在冷水源入口与冲泡单元之间延伸的水流动通路。流动通路被分成：含有压力泵的第一分支；和含有阀的第二分支，所述阀在浓咖啡制作模式中适于关闭或被关闭。它还包括控制装置，用于根据要制作的咖啡的形式来致动阀和/或泵。流动通路对用于制作浓咖啡和普通咖啡的水是公用的，并仅在泵附近被分隔成含有泵的第一流动通路分支和构成经过泵的旁路的第二流动通路分支。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供用于冲泡盛于料包中的咖啡粉的咖啡机，利用所述料包不仅可制备浓咖啡饮料，还可以制备普通咖啡饮料，后一个在其表面上没有泡沫而在口味上相应于普通过滤咖啡。
为满足这个及其它的目的，本发明提供了用于冲泡盛于料包中的咖啡粉的咖啡机，它包括：适于容纳咖啡粉料包的冲泡腔，至少一个用于冲穿咖啡料包的装置，和把热冲泡水供入冲泡腔中的泵。另外，提供了用来限制单位时间内供入冲泡腔中的冲泡水量的装置，使得冲泡水流过容纳于基本上不增压的冲泡腔中的粉咖啡料包。
由于提供的装置把单位时间内供入冲泡腔中的冲泡水量限制成冲泡水流过容纳于基本上不增压的冲泡腔中的粉咖啡料包，可以基本上避免在咖啡饮料的表面上生成泡沫。较好的是，在冲泡操作开始前料包的盖子及底部被冲穿孔。
附图说明
在下面随着参考各附图将进一步描述根据本发明的咖啡机的实施例，其中：
图1显示具有打开的冲泡腔的咖啡机的示意图；和
图2显示具有封闭的冲泡腔的咖啡机的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1及2示意地显示了根据本发明的咖啡机的各主要元件，即：普通水箱1，泵2，煮水器3，节流阀4，冲泡腔5，饮料出口6，控制单元7和选择开关8。所有这些元件都安装在示意地标示的外罩G内部。大柄咖啡杯17被显示位于饮料出口下方，杯17用来接纳制备好的咖啡饮料。要被放入冲泡腔5并盛有研磨咖啡的料包以标号20标示。在本例子中，料包20的底部22设置有孔25，孔25被设在料包20底部22内部的薄金属片26所覆盖。因为这样一种料包主要适合于制备过滤咖啡，在下面它被称为过滤料包20，而没有任何孔、具有整体底部的传统料包被称为浓咖啡料包。
冲泡腔5包括上封闭板件11和下料包支持器12。料包支持器12的内轮廓基本上对应于过滤料包20的外轮廓。在各附图中，封闭件板11及料包支持器12被显示于剖视图中。料包支持器12可在垂直方向上移动，如双向箭头18所示。没有显示用于上下移动料包支持器的装置以及可能装设的用于料包进给及移动的装置，因为它们的结构在专业人员中是熟知的。
在封闭板件11的下表面和料包支持器1 2的底部两者中都分别设置有冲孔件13及15。从而，上冲孔件13用于料包20的盖子21的冲孔，而下冲孔件15用于料包20的底部22的冲孔。冲孔件13及15两者分别位于封闭板件11及料包支持器12底部的中央。此外，冲孔件13及15两者分别含有锥形前部，锥形前部分别含有一些槽14及16，通过这些槽，冲泡水可分别地流入料包20中和制备好的咖啡饮料可流出料包20。
选择开关8用于选择要制备的咖啡饮料。字母“E”标示浓咖啡，而字母“F”标示过滤咖啡。选择开关在电路上与控制单元7连接。控制单元7操作上经导线9与泵2相连并经导线10与节流阀4相连。节流阀被插入从泵2延伸到封闭板件11的管路19中。此外，设置了利用导线10a在电路上连接于控制单元7的传感器28。传感器28用于检测及读取标签或标记27，标签或标记27设在料包20上并含有关于料包20的种类和/或内含物的信息。这样一种标签或标记27，例如可由印在料包20上的条形码组成；然而，其它种类标记也是可能的，例如电子形式的。应明白的是传感器28及标签或标记27是彼此匹配的，以便能使传感器28读取标签或标记27并将含于其中的信息传递至控制单元7。在使用唯一的料包20并设置这样一种标签或标记27的情况下，可以省去选择开关8，因为料包20的种类已自动地被传感器28所识别，因此，控制单元7影响到咖啡机的某些操作参数，例如泵2的输出率、节流阀4的调节量等。
使用用来制备无泡沫咖啡-称为过滤咖啡-的冲泡操作按下如步骤进行：
选择开关8被手动地转至位置“F”并把料包20插入料包支持器12中。然后，支持器12向上朝封闭板件11移动。当完成这个向上移动(见图2)时，料包盖21和料包底部22-即薄金属片26-都被冲孔。一旦到达上端部位置，封闭板件11不仅封闭了冲泡腔5，而且还靠料包支持器12的顶端面沿着环形接触区域挤压料包盖21，由此相对于料包20的底部22液密封料包20的上部分。冲泡腔5刚被封闭，泵2就被启动。单位时间内供入冲泡腔5的冲泡水量受到限制，当与浓咖啡的冲泡操作相比时，被限制至这种程度：冲泡水流过基本上不受压的料包20。流量限制率由预选的储存值或根据包含在料包20的标签或标记27中的数码来确定。流量限制可通过减小泵2的流量或通过调节节流阀4来实现。对于减小泵2的流量，在交流电驱动泵的情况下，可使用相控调节器或射频脉冲控制器。作为替代的方法，可改变泵2的工作频率。应该明白：实际上只采取一种措施来减小单位时间内流过冲泡腔5的冲泡水的流量，即或者设置用于减小泵2流量的装置，或者设置节流阀4用来减小有效的流通截面面积。还应明白：可设置用来减小单位时间内流过冲泡腔5的冲泡水的流量的其它装置。
在任何情况下，先前提到的用来减小单位时间内流过冲泡腔5的冲泡水的流量的装置保证了：所述流量，即使没有反压力，也被减小至不超过每小时12升，较好是每小时8升。
此外重要的是料包20的盖子21和料包20的底部22都被冲穿，即在冲泡操作开始之前设置了孔，以保证不产生液体压力，液体压力会导致在饮料中产生泡沫。
如在各附图可进一步看到的，过滤料包20设置有上过滤元件23及下过滤元件24。这种过滤元件23、24有利于冲泡水恒定流过过滤料包20并防止盛在料包20中的咖啡粉通过冲出的孔漏出。每个过滤元件23、24设置有指向料包20内部的凹口，所述凹口分别位于料包20的盖子21及底部22的被冲孔区域，而一旦料包盖子21及底部22被冲穿，冲孔件13、15就延伸入料包20中。为了保证当封闭冲泡腔5时料包20的底部22被可靠地冲穿，设置了薄金属片26，薄金属片26与料包本身的材料相比具有低的延展性及低的抗拉伸强度，因此在位于料包支持器12底部的下冲孔件15的作用下它容易被撕开。
为制备传统的浓咖啡，选择开关8被手动地转至位置“E”。在这种工作模式中，冲泡水在高压下流过传统的浓咖啡料包。在此情况下，词语“浓咖啡”将表示其顶部具有泡沫层的咖啡饮料，而与用于制备所述咖啡饮料的冲泡水的量无关。为制备过滤咖啡，较好的是使用与制备浓咖啡不同的料包。除了料包底部的结构不同外，还有咖啡粉掺和物、咖啡粉量和/或研磨的程度可能不同。此外，在过滤咖啡料包的情况下，在过滤元件23、24中的切口是较大的和/或它们的数量增加了，因此过滤元件23、24对流经该处槽的冲泡水不构成液体阻力。
作为对本文先前讨论过的实施例的替代物，所述咖啡机可含有更广泛的特性：例如，可根据要制备的咖啡饮料的种类而提供在冲穿料包盖子之后冲穿料包底部的装置。在要制备浓咖啡的情况下，浓咖啡料包底部只是在料包内部建立起一定的液体压力之后被冲穿，因为如同已熟知的，这个措施有利于泡沫的生成。
另一方面，在浓咖啡料包的情况下，其底部在第一阶段只是部分地被下冲孔件所冲穿，即达到这种程度：所述冲孔件的端头刚穿透料包底部，但冲孔件15的槽16没有与浓咖啡料包内部连通。用这种方法，在冲泡操作的第一阶段期间，可在浓咖啡料包内部建立起液体的过压。
另一方面，在借助过滤料包来冲泡咖啡饮料之中，在实际的冲泡操作开始之前，过滤料包的盖子及底部被冲穿，以便避免在过滤料包内部的液体过压，液体过压会有利于生成泡沫。
已知根据本发明的咖啡机名称为“浓咖啡机”；它适于制备过滤咖啡饮料和特别是浓咖啡饮料。所述咖啡机可被构造成手动操作的机器，具有可手动地插入所述机器中的料包支持器，或被构造成半自动的或全自动的咖啡机。
为实现上述各措施，例如位于料包支持器12底部的下冲孔件15可垂直地调节。其高度位置的调节可在公共控制单元7的控制下利用电动机或电磁铁来完成。

Claims (12)

1.用于冲泡盛于料包中的咖啡粉的咖啡机，它包括：适于容纳所述咖啡粉料包的冲泡腔；至少一个用于冲穿所述咖啡粉料包的装置；和把热冲泡水供入所述冲泡腔中的泵；其特征在于，还包括选择性地限制单位时间内供入所述冲泡腔中的冲泡水量的装置，该装置使冲泡水基本上不增压地流过位于所述冲泡腔中的所述咖啡粉料包以产生无泡沫咖啡，或者使冲泡水在高压下流过位于所述冲泡腔中的所述咖啡粉料包以产生浓咖啡。
2.根据权利要求1的咖啡机，其特征在于：用于限制冲泡水量的所述装置限制单位时间内供入所述冲泡腔中的冲泡水量不超过每小时12升。
3.根据权利要求1的咖啡机，其特征在于：设置了用于冲穿料包底部以及料包盖子的至少两个冲孔件，从而设置了用于在利用所述泵把冲泡水供至料包之前通过所述冲孔件冲穿所述料包的所述底部及所述盖子的装置。
4.根据权利要求1的咖啡机，其特征在于：所述冲泡腔包括料包支持器和封闭板件，所述料包支持器及所述封闭板件的每个都设置有冲孔件，从而所述咖啡机还包括使所述料包支持器与所述封闭板件彼此相互从所述冲泡腔的开启状态移动至其关闭状态的装置，从而当封闭所述冲泡腔时，利用所述冲孔件使容纳于所述冲泡腔中的所述料包在其盖子处及其底部处被冲穿。
5.根据权利要求4的咖啡机，其特征在于：所述封闭板件及所述料包支持器两者设置有位于中央的冲孔件。
6.根据权利要求4的咖啡机，其特征在于：所述封闭板件或所述料包支持器设置有位于中央的冲孔件。
7.根据权利要求1的咖啡机，其特征在于：用于限制单位时间内供入所述冲泡腔中的冲泡水量的装置包括用于限制所述泵流量的装置。
8.根据权利要求7的咖啡机，其特征在于：所述泵是用交流电驱动的，从而用于限制所述泵流量的所述装置包括相控调节器、射频脉冲控制器或变频控制器。
9.根据权利要求1的咖啡机，其特征在于：用于限制单位时间内供入所述冲泡腔中的冲泡水量的装置包括可调节的节流阀，所述节流阀被插入从所述泵向所述冲泡腔延伸的管路中，用于改变所述管路的有效横截面流通面积。
10.根据权利要求9的咖啡机，其特征在于：设置了连接于控制单元的手动操作的选择开关，从而所述控制单元可操作地连接于所述泵和/或所述节流阀以限制单位时间内供至所述冲泡腔的冲泡水量。
11.根据权利要求4的咖啡机，其特征在于：当封闭所述冲泡腔时，所述封闭板件适于抵靠所述料包支持器的端面沿着环形座区域挤压所述料包。
12.根据权利要求10的咖啡机，还包括：用于解码设在所述料包上的标签或标记的至少一个传感器，从而所述传感器可操作地连接于所述控制单元以便根据所述标签或标记的信息内容来限制单位时间内供至所述冲泡腔的冲泡水量。
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