CN114946776B

CN114946776B - Method for releasing natural enemies of insects

Info

Publication number: CN114946776B
Application number: CN202210751363.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 蓝木香; 杨和生; 杨期和; 刘惠娜
Original assignee: Jiaying University
Current assignee: Jiaying University
Priority date: 2022-06-29
Filing date: 2022-06-29
Publication date: 2023-04-18
Anticipated expiration: 2042-06-29
Also published as: CN114946776A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for releasing natural enemies of insects, which relates to releasing equipment for agricultural biological control, and comprises the following operation steps: the method is different from the prior art that the track is laid in an orchard to be launched, unmanned control fixed-point positioning launching of natural enemies is achieved, the storage device has a storage function and can set time to slide back and forth to push out a culture card for outdoor cultivation, the launching device receives the culture card to launch the culture card in a surrounding mode along the track, a certain regional target can be accurately targeted, plane GPS positioning application is popularized at present, and an operator can accurately position a launching area in a wireless mode and bring the launching device to the region to launch the culture card.

Description

Method for releasing natural enemies of insects

Technical Field

The invention relates to agricultural biological control throwing equipment, in particular to a method for throwing natural enemies of insects.

Background

In the field of plant protection, chemical control is still the main mode for resisting plant diseases and insect pests at present mainly because the chemical control is low in investment cost and high in efficiency, but long-term application of chemical pesticides can cause pests such as aphids, citrus fruit flies and the like to generate resistance to the pesticides, so that the control effect is influenced; also the application of chemical pesticides in large quantities can create a series of environmental and health problems. In order to reduce the damage to the environment and achieve the purpose of high-efficiency pest elimination, the pest elimination needs to be carried out by means of the natural law, namely biological control, namely a method for utilizing one kind of organism to deal with another kind of organism, the biological control utilizes the interrelation among biological species to inhibit one kind of organism or another kind of organism, the greatest advantage of the biological control is that the biological control does not pollute the environment, and the biological control cannot be compared with the non-biological pest control methods such as pesticides and the like.

At present, the modes of putting natural enemies of pests in China mainly include two modes: (1) Manually throwing, namely throwing the carried natural enemy into the field by hands by walking in the field; (2) The method comprises the following steps of putting natural enemies into the pest box or the pest card, fixing the pest box or the pest card at a certain position in the field, climbing out of the pest box when the natural enemies are mature, entering the field, and putting the natural enemies into the field at a fixed point.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects, the invention provides the method for throwing the natural enemies of the insects, which can evenly throw the natural enemies in the areas with serious plant diseases and insect pests, and adopts a machine to throw, thereby greatly reducing the use of labor force and simultaneously improving the throwing efficiency and quality.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a method for releasing natural enemies of insects comprises the following steps:

s1: and (3) dividing the area: setting 1 mu of planar land as unit control areas, and arranging a channel between the two unit control areas;

s2: laying a track: dividing the unit control area in the step S1 into 10 m-10 m area blocks through criss-cross designed sub-tracks, wherein each area block can accommodate 10-15 fruit trees, a main track is laid on the channel, and the main track is communicated with the sub-tracks;

s3: installation of the device: the device comprises a natural enemy culture and storage device and a natural enemy throwing-in device, wherein the natural enemy culture and storage device is installed at the middle position of the channel in the step S1, and the natural enemy throwing-in device is arranged on the track in the step S2 and can slide in the track;

s4: analyzing and confirming the throwing area: determining the area block with the most serious insect pest in the step S2 through artificial observation or unmanned aerial vehicle observation;

natural enemy cultivates storage device is including storing up worm case (3) and slip ejecting mechanism, slip ejecting mechanism installs store up worm case (3) lower extreme position is last, slip ejecting mechanism is including drive division, supporting part and control part, the supporting part is installed on the drive division, the control part with be the electric connection relation between the drive division:

the bearing part comprises a bearing plate (4), a sliding groove (11) and a push block (12) are arranged on the bearing plate (4), the push block (12) is arranged in the middle of the bearing plate (4), and the push block (12) and the sliding groove (11) are arranged in a staggered mode;

the driving part comprises a driving motor (5), a screw rod (6), a mounting seat (7), a sliding block (8), a sliding rod (9) and a driven block (10), the driving motor (5) is mounted on the mounting seat (7), the screw rod (6) is arranged on the power output end of the driving motor (5), the screw rod (6) and the sliding rod (9) are arranged on the mounting seat (7) in parallel, the sliding block (8) is arranged on the screw rod (6) in a sliding manner, the driven block (10) is arranged on the sliding rod (9) in a sliding manner, and the bearing plate (4) is mounted on the sliding block (8) and the driven block (10);

the control part comprises a timer and a control module;

the insect storage box (3) is provided with a push plate part, the push plate part is arranged on the sliding direction of the sliding push-out mechanism, the push plate part comprises a turning sheet (13) and a pulley (14), one end of the turning sheet (13) is rotatably connected to the insect storage box (3), the pulley (14) is arranged at the other end of the turning sheet, the pulley (14) is arranged on the sliding groove (11) in a sliding manner, and the push plate part can only be turned over from the inside to the outside of the insect storage box (3);

the natural enemy throwing device comprises a control part integrated box (18), an electromagnet (31), an inductor (19), a second driving part (20), a loading plate (21), a shielding top (22), a wheel (23), a turning wheel (32) and a recovery guide rail (24), wherein the natural enemy throwing device is provided with a first end (25) and a second end (26) which are opposite to each other, the control part integrated box (18), the electromagnet (31), the inductor (19) and the second driving part (20) are in electric connection relation, the wheel (23) is connected with the second driving part (20), the second driving part (20) drives the natural enemy throwing device to move, the control part integrated box (18), the electromagnet, the second driving part (20) and the wheel (23) are arranged at the bottom of the loading plate (21), the shielding top (22) is arranged on the upper end face of the loading plate (21), the inductor (19) is arranged at any one of the first end (25) or the second end (26), the recovery guide rail (24) is arranged at the other end of the turning wheel (32), and the inductor (19) is arranged at the other end of the same sliding wheel (32).

In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, a plurality of culture cards are stacked in the natural enemy culture storage device.

In a further preferable aspect of the present invention, in step S3, the natural enemy releasing device takes the culture card every 7 to 8 days and releases the culture card around the designated area.

In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, 1000 to 1500 administration subjects are uniformly distributed on the culture card, and the administration subject male-female ratio is 1.

According to a further preferable scheme of the invention, the insect storage box has a refrigeration function, and an end cover and a shielding plate are arranged at the upper end of the insect storage box.

According to a further preferable aspect of the present invention, the natural enemy cultivation and storage device is provided with a recovery groove at an upper and lower sliding portion of the sliding push-out mechanism, and a tail end of the recovery guide rail is guided into the recovery groove.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the invention provides a method for releasing natural enemies of insects, which is different from the prior art that tracks are laid in an orchard to be implemented and transported for releasing.

2. The device can set time to slide back and forth to push out the culture card for culture and release, because the pupae stuck on the insect plate are in a dormant state due to low temperature in the insect storage box, after being pushed out of the insect storage box, the pupae start to recover activity, culture eclosion is carried out at an external temperature, and prey and food can be searched for survival and breeding after cocoons are broken.

3. The throwing device is similar to an intelligent trolley bearing throwing type.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall layout structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a natural enemy culture and storage device according to the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the natural enemy throwing device.

Wherein the labels shown in the figures are: 1. a unit management and control area; 2. culturing the card; 3. a pest storage box; 4. a carrier plate; 5. a drive motor; 6. a screw rod; 7. a mounting seat; 8. a slider; 9. a slide bar; 10. a driven block; 11. a chute; 12. a push block; 13. turning over the sheet; 14. a pulley; 15. an end cap; 16. a shield plate; 17. a recovery tank; 18. a control part integration box; 19. an inductor; 20. a second driving section; 21. a loading plate; 22. covering the top; 23. a wheel; 24. recovering the guide rail; 25. a first end; 26. a second end; 27. a channel; 28. dividing tracks; 29. a region block; 30. a total track; 31. an electromagnet; 32. and a turning wheel.

Detailed Description

The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "inside" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships where products of the present invention are conventionally placed in use, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or the element to which the present invention is directed must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, e.g., as being either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

Examples

Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, a preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a method for releasing natural enemies of insects, which includes the following steps:

s1: and (3) dividing the area: 1 mu of plane land is set as a unit control area 1, and a channel 27 is arranged between the two unit control areas 1;

s2: laying a track: dividing the unit management and control area 1 in the step S1 into 10m by 10m area blocks 29 by criss-cross design of sub-tracks 28, wherein each area block 29 can accommodate 10-15 fruit trees, a main track 30 is laid on the channel 27, and the main track 30 is communicated with the sub-tracks 28;

s3: installation of the device: the device comprises a natural enemy culture storage device and a natural enemy throwing device, wherein the natural enemy culture storage device is arranged in the middle of the channel 27 in the step S1, and the natural enemy throwing device is arranged on the track in the step S2 and can slide in the track;

s4: analyzing and confirming the throwing area: the area block 29 with the most serious insect pest in step S2 is determined by human observation or unmanned aerial vehicle observation.

The invention is mainly suitable for the premise that:

(1) And (3) putting applicable objects: mango trees, citrus trees, guava trees, carambola trees, longan trees, lute trees and phellodendron trees;

(2) For an object: citrus fruit fly, aphid, whitefly, pine moth, pieris rapae;

(3) And (3) putting the object: wasp, jifeng, hornet, trichogramma, and nibea;

the fruit tree is selected according to the most common natural enemies of insects at present, the applicable objects are small fruit trees, the height range of the fruit trees is 2-8m, and the fruits are high in sweetness, difficult to store and easy to attract insects.

In step S3, a plurality of culture cards 2 are stacked in the natural enemy culture storage device, 1000-1500 thrown objects are uniformly distributed on the culture cards 2, and the ratio of male to female of the thrown objects is 1 or 2.

In step S3, the natural enemy throwing device takes the culture card 2 every 7 to 8 days and throws the culture card around the designated area, that is, the pushed culture card 2 is incubated for 7 to 8 days on the bearing plate 4, and then the throwing device takes the culture card for throwing.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the natural enemy culture and storage device comprises an insect storage box 3 and a sliding push-out mechanism, wherein the sliding push-out mechanism is arranged at the lower end of the insect storage box 3, the insect storage box 3 is a small temperature control box and has a refrigeration function (namely a temperature adjustable function), and as known from the internet literature, parasitic bee pupae can ensure activity and is in a dormant state without hatching at a certain temperature, so that the bee pupae stored in the box can not hatch by adjusting the temperature in the insect storage box 3, the hatching emergence rate of the bee pupae is highest under the outdoor temperature of 25 +/-1 ℃, the environment shaded under the conventional fruit forest is relatively suitable, and the time from hatching to emergence cycle is about one week, so that the time for placing after pushing-out is set, and enough time is left for releasing;

store up worm case 3 upper end and be equipped with end cover 15 and shield 16, shield 16 is made by shading cloth and support, and shading cloth all sells on the market, can prevent that the device from being drenched by the sun or rain, also can avoid being pushed out the pupa of hatching and wet, natural enemy cultivates storage device and is in the slip ejecting mechanism is equipped with accumulator 17 to the below that slides, and end cover 15 is similar to the refrigerator door, has airtight effect, prevents that air conditioning from scattering out too fast, cultivates moreover that card 2 also can seal lower port after being pushed to the lower extreme, and 3 overall structure of storage worm case puts into the lower extreme for the upper end and releases.

The sliding push-out mechanism comprises a driving part, a bearing part and a control part, wherein the bearing part is installed on the driving part, the control part is electrically connected with the driving part, electronic components such as a timer, a control plate block and an editable plate block are arranged on the control part, the driving part can be controlled to be started after a long time, and the starting is carried out after 8 days according to the hatching period:

in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the driving portion includes a driving motor 5, a lead screw 6, a mounting seat 7, a slider 8, a sliding rod 9 and a driven block 10, the driving motor 5 is mounted on the mounting seat 7, the lead screw 6 is disposed on a power output end of the driving motor 5, the lead screw 6 and the sliding rod 9 are disposed on the mounting seat 7 in parallel, the slider 8 is slidably disposed on the lead screw 6, the driven block 10 is slidably disposed on the sliding rod 9, and the bearing plate 4 is mounted on the slider 8 and the driven block 10;

in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the insect storage box 3 is provided with a push plate part, the push plate part is arranged on the sliding push mechanism, the bearing part comprises a bearing plate 4, the bearing plate 4 is a metal plate, the bearing plate 4 is provided with a chute 11 and a push block 12, the push block 12 is arranged at the middle position of the bearing plate 4, the push block and the chute 11 are arranged in a staggered manner, the push plate part comprises a turning sheet 13 and a pulley 14, one end of the turning sheet 13 is rotatably connected to the insect storage box 3, the other end is provided with the pulley 14, the pulley 14 is arranged on the chute 11 in a sliding manner, the push plate part can only be pushed out from the inside of the insect storage box 3 and cannot be pushed into the box from the outside, so that when the bearing plate 4 pushes out a new culture card 2 in a reciprocating manner, the push plate part can push the old culture card 2 (which has been almost completely eclosion the culture card and has been separated from the culture card 2) on the bearing plate 4 to the ground, and a collection box can be arranged on the ground, so that the culture card 2 can return to the recovery groove 17, the culture card can be conveniently used next time, and the push plate part can only be overturned from the inside of the insect storage box 3 to the outside.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the natural enemy throwing device includes a control integrated box 18, an electromagnet 31, an inductor 19, a second driving unit 20, a carrying plate 21, a shielding top 22, wheels 23, a turning wheel 32 and a recovery guide rail 24, wherein in a use process, water and food can be put on the carrying plate 21, the food can be sugar water or honey to supplement physical strength and food for incubated parasitic bees, the natural enemy throwing device is provided with a first end 25 and a second end 26 which are opposite, the control integrated box 18, the electromagnet 31, the inductor 19 and the second driving unit 20 are electrically connected, the wheels 23 and the second driving unit 20 are connected, the natural enemy throwing device is driven to move by the second driving unit 20, the control integrated box 18, the electromagnet, the second driving unit 20 and the wheels 23 are arranged at the bottom of the carrying plate 21, the shielding top 22 is arranged on an upper end face of the carrying plate 21, the inductor 19 is arranged on one of the first end 25 or the second end 26, the control integrated box 18, the second driving unit 20 and the wheels 23 are arranged on the same guide rail 24, and the other guide rail 24 is arranged in the sliding guide rail 17.

The operation principle of the natural enemy releasing device is as follows: the natural enemy throwing device is driven to throw in a specified coordinate position through manual wireless connection input instructions, a groove is formed in the upper side face of a loading plate 21 of the natural enemy throwing device, the concave portion can be matched with the width of a bearing plate 4, a sensor 17 is arranged on the convex extending portion of the groove, when the natural enemy throwing device returns to an initial position (namely returns to the position of a natural enemy culture storage device), the groove is clamped into one end of the bearing plate 4, when the sensor 19 senses that the throwing device contacts the bearing plate 4, braking is stopped, at the moment, the electromagnet 31 is electrified and has attractiveness, the electromagnet 31 magnetically attracts the bearing plate 4 to move along the bearing plate 4, when the bearing plate 4 pushes out a new culture card 2, the new culture card 2 pushes down the loading plate 21 to replace an old position, the old culture card 2 slides down to a recovery groove 17 formed in the lower portion under the recovery guide rail 24, when the natural enemy throwing device receives the new culture card 2, the electromagnet 31 is powered off, the natural enemy throwing device is braked again, the new culture card 2 moves along the track, the track and is thrown in a mode, the direction-changing wheel 32 rotates and is installed on the track, and the loading plate 21, and the natural enemy throwing device can bend and can bend to block the natural enemy moving under the track.

With the description of the embodiment, the method for releasing the natural enemies of the insects is different from the prior art that tracks are laid in an orchard to be implemented, and the natural enemies are transported and released; the device related in the invention can set time to slide back and forth to push out the culture card for culture and release, because the pupa which is stuck on the insect plate is in a dormant state at low temperature in the insect storage box, after the pupa is pushed out of the insect storage box, the pupa starts to restore activity, culture eclosion is carried out at an external temperature, and prey and food can be searched for survival and breeding after cocoons are broken; the throwing device is similar to an intelligent trolley bearing throwing type, and generally, the intelligent trolley bearing throwing device is simple in structure, strong in practicability and low in investment cost, and can realize unmanned fixed-point positioning throwing of natural enemies.

The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are also within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for releasing natural enemies of insects is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1: and (3) dividing the area: 1 mu of plane land is set as a unit control area (1), and a channel (27) is arranged between the two unit control areas (1);

s2: laying a track: dividing the unit management and control area (1) in the step S1 into 10 m-10 m area blocks (29) through criss-cross designed sub-tracks (28), wherein each area block (29) can accommodate 10-15 fruit trees, a main track (30) is laid on the channel (27), and the main track (30) is communicated with the sub-tracks (28);

s3: installation of the device: the device comprises a natural enemy culture storage device and a natural enemy throwing device, wherein the natural enemy culture storage device is arranged at the middle position of the channel (27) in the step S1, and the natural enemy throwing device is arranged on the track in the step S2 and can slide in the track;

s4: analyzing and confirming the throwing area: determining the area block (29) with the most serious insect pest in the step S2 through human observation or unmanned aerial vehicle observation;

the control part comprises a timer and a control module;

2. The method for releasing natural enemies of insects as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S3, a plurality of culture cards (2) are stacked in the natural enemy culture storage device.

3. The method for releasing natural enemies of insects as claimed in claim 2, wherein in step S3, the natural enemy releasing device takes the culture card (2) to release the culture card around the designated area every 7-8 days.

4. The method for releasing natural enemies of insects as claimed in claim 2, wherein 1000-1500 releasing objects are uniformly distributed on the culture card (2), and the releasing object has a male-female ratio of 1.

5. The method for releasing the natural enemies of the insects as claimed in claim 1, wherein the insect storage tank (3) has a refrigerating function, and an end cover (15) and a shielding plate (16) are arranged at the upper end of the insect storage tank (3).

6. The method for releasing the natural enemies of the insects as claimed in claim 1, wherein the natural enemy culture and storage device is provided with a recovery groove (17) above and below the sliding push-out mechanism in a sliding manner, and the tail end of the recovery guide rail (24) is guided into the recovery groove (17).