CN103874770A - Biomarker compositions and methods - Google Patents

Biomarker compositions and methods Download PDF

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CN103874770A
CN103874770A CN201280049340.2A CN201280049340A CN103874770A CN 103874770 A CN103874770 A CN 103874770A CN 201280049340 A CN201280049340 A CN 201280049340A CN 103874770 A CN103874770 A CN 103874770A
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epcam
vesica
pcsa
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K·布朗
T·波洛斯基
D·斯佩特茨勒
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Caris Life Sciences Luxembourg Holdings SARL
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Abstract

Biomarkers can be assessed for diagnostic, therapy-related or prognostic methods to identify phenotypes, such as a condition or disease, or the stage or progression of a disease, select candidate treatment regimens for diseases, conditions, disease stages, and stages of a condition, and to determine treatment efficacy. Circulating biomarkers from a bodily fluid can be used in profiling of physiological states or determining phenotypes. These include nucleic acids, protein, and circulating structures such as vesicles, and nucleic acid-protein complexes.

Description

Biomarker combinations thing and method
Cross reference
The application requires the U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.61/521 submitting on August 8th, 2011,333; The No.61/523 that on August 15th, 2011 submits to, 763; The No.61/526 that on August 23rd, 2011 submits to, 623; The No.61/529 that on August 31st, 2011 submits to, 726; The No.61/534 that on September 13rd, 2011 submits to, 352; 61/537,462 of submission on September 21st, 2011; The No.61/542 that on October 3rd, 2011 submits to, 639; The No.61/551 that on October 26th, 2011 submits to, 674; The No.61/559 that on November 14th, 2011 submits to, 676; The No.61/612 that on March 16th, 2012 submits to, 111; With the No.61/619 submitting on April 3rd, 2012,803; This application is all incorporated herein as a reference by quoting.
The application is that the part of the International Patent Application PCT/US2012/042519 of submission on June 14th, 2012 continues, and this international patent application requires the U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.61/497 submitting on June 16th, 2011,895; The No.61/499 that on June 20th, 2011 submits to, 138; The No.61/501 that on June 27th, 2011 submits to, 680; The No.61/506 that on July 8th, 2011 submits to, 019; The No.61/506 that on July 11st, 2011 submits to, 606; The No.61/506 that on July 11st, 2011 submits to, 598; The No.61/507 that on July 14th, 2011 submits to, 989; The No.61/511 that on July 25th, 2011 submits to, 455; The No.61/523 that on August 15th, 2011 submits to, 763; With the No.61/526 that on August 23rd, 2011 submits to, 623 rights and interests, are all incorporated herein this application as a reference by quoting.
The part of the International Patent Application PCT/US2012/041387 submitting in the application or on June 7th, 2012 continues, and this international patent application requires the U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.61/494 submitting on June 7th, 2011,196; The No.61/494 that on June 7th, 2011 submits to, 355; With the No.61/507 submitting on July 14th, 2011,989 rights and interests; This application is all incorporated herein as a reference by quoting.
The part of the International Patent Application PCT/US2012/025741 submitting in the application or on February 17th, 2012 continues, and this international patent application requires the No.61/446 of U.S. Provisional Patent Application submission on February 24th, 2011,313; The No.61/501 that on June 27th, 2011 submits to, 680; The No.61/471 that on April 4th, 2011 submits to, 417; The No.61/523 that on August 15th, 2011 submits to, 763; With the No.61/445 submitting on February 22nd, 2011,273 rights and interests; This application is all incorporated herein as a reference by quoting.
The part of the International Patent Application PCT/US2011/048327 submitting in the application or on August 18th, 2011 continues, and this international patent application requires the No.61/374 of U.S. Provisional Patent Application submission on August 18th, 2010,951; The No.61/379 that on September 2nd, 2010 submits to, 670; The No.61/381 that on September 9th, 2010 submits to, 305; The No.61/383 that on September 15th, 2010 submits to, 305; The No.61/391 that on October 8th, 2010 submits to, 504; The No.61/393 that on October 15th, 2010 submits to, 823; The No.61/411 that on November 9th, 2010 submits to, 890; The No.61/414 that on November 17th, 2010 submits to, 870; The No.61/416 that on November 23rd, 2010 submits to, 560; The No.61/421 that on December 10th, 2010 submits to, 851; The No.61/423 that on December 15th, 2010 submits to, 557; The No.61/428 that on December 29th, 2010 submits to, 196 rights and interests; This application is all incorporated herein as a reference by quoting.
The part of the International Patent Application PCT/US2011/026750 submitting in the application or on March 1st, 2011 continues, this application is claimed to be the U.S. Patent application series No.12/591 submitting on November 12nd, 2009,226 part continuation application, it requires the No.61/114 of U.S. Provisional Application submission on November 12nd, 2008,045; The No.61/114 that on November 12nd, 2008 submits to, 058; The No.61/114 that on November 13rd, 2008 submits to, 065; The No.61/151 that on February 9th, 2009 submits to, 183; The No.61/278 that on October 2nd, 2009 submits to, 049; The No.61/250 that on October 9th, 2009 submits to, 454; With the No.61/253 submitting on October 19th, 2009,027 rights and interests; And this application also requires the No.61/274 of U.S. Provisional Application submission on March 1st, 2010,124; The No.61/357 that on June 22nd, 2010 submits to, 517; The No.61/364 that on July 15th, 2010 submits to, 785 rights and interests; All applications are all incorporated herein as a reference by quoting.
The part of the International Patent Application PCT/US2011/031479 submitting in the application or on April 6th, 2011 continues, and this international patent application requires the No.61/321 of U.S. Provisional Patent Application submission on April 6th, 2010,392; The No.61/321 that on April 6th, 2010 submits to, 407; The No.61/332 that on May 6th, 2010 submits to, 174; The No.61/348 that on May 25th, 2010 submits to, 214; The No.61/348 that on May 26th, 2010 submits to, 685; The No.61/354 that on June 11st, 2010 submits to, 125; The No.61/355 that on June 16th, 2010 submits to, 387; The No.61/356 that on June 21st, 2010 submits to, 974; The No.61/357 that on June 22nd, 2010 submits to, 517; The No.61/362 that on July 8th, 2010 submits to, 674; The No.61/413 that on November 12nd, 2010 submits to, 377; The No.61/322 that on April 9th, 2010 submits to, 690; The No.61/334 that on May 13rd, 2010 submits to, 547; The No.61/364 that on July 15th, 2010 submits to, 785; The No.61/370 that on August 2nd, 2010 submits to, 088; The No.61/379 that on September 2nd, 2010 submits to, 670; The No.61/381 that on September 9th, 2010 submits to, 305; The No.61/383 that on September 15th, 2010 submits to, 305; The No.61/391 that on October 8th, 2010 submits to, 504; The No.61/393 that on October 15th, 2010 submits to, 823; The No.61/411 that on November 9th, 2010 submits to, the No.61/416 that on November 23rd, 890 and 2010 submits to, 560 rights and interests; All applications are all incorporated herein as a reference by quoting.
Background of invention
For comprising biomolecules such as the situation of cancer and the biomarker of disease, as protein, peptide, lipid, RNA, DNA and their variant and modification.
The evaluation of particular organisms mark (for example DNA, RNA and protein) can be provided for the biological marking of diagnosis, prognosis or treatment diagnosis (theranosis) situation or disease.Biomarker can detect in body fluid, comprises Circulating DNA, RNA, protein and vesica.Circulating biological mark comprises protein (such as PSA and CA125) and nucleic acid (such as SEPT9DNA and PCA3 messenger RNA(mRNA) (mRNA)).Circulating biological mark can be relevant to circulating vesica.Vesica is the structure that the film that comes off from cell is sealed, and is found in multiple body fluid, comprises blood, blood plasma, serum, milk, ascites, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and urine.Vesica can be used as protein, RNA, DNA, virus and the transporting carrier of Protein virus and participates in the communication between cell.MicroRNA is the short rna that regulation and control messenger RNA(mRNA) is transcribed and degraded.MicroRNA has been found and has been observed it as the component in the vesica coming off from tumour cell in body fluid.To contributing to detect disease or its severity, determine the susceptibility of disease and treat decision-making with the analysis of the circulating biological mark (comprising vesica and/or microRNA) of disease-related.
The vesica existing in biological sample provides the source of biomarker, and for example, described mark is present in vesica interior (vesica useful load) or is present on the surface of vesica.The feature (for example definite, the useful load of size, surface antigen, cell source) of vesica also can provide the result output of diagnosis, prognosis or treatment diagnosis.Still the demand that exists the biomarker to can be used for test-and-treat disease to identify.The feature of microRNA, protein and other biomarker and the vesica relevant to vesica can provide diagnosis, prognosis or treatment diagnosis.
The invention provides the method and system for characterize phenotype as the biomarker of the indication of disease or progression of disease by detection.Described biomarker can be circulating biological mark, includes but not limited to that vesica mark, protein, nucleic acid, mRNA are or/and microRNA.Biomarker can be nucleic acid-protein complex.
Summary of the invention
Herein disclosed is the method and composition for characterize phenotype by analysis cycle biomarker (vesica, microRNA or the protein that exist such as biological sample).Characterize the determining of prognosis, disease stage or situation stage, pharmaceutical efficacy, physiological situation, organ danger that experimenter or individual phenotype can include but not limited to diagnosis, disease or the situation of disease or situation tired or organ rejection, disease or progress, with the relevant cognation for the treatment of of disease or situation or specifically physiology or biological aspect.
In one aspect, the invention provides a kind of method, it comprises: (a) biological sample is contacted with one or more reagent, wherein said one or more reagent are one or more biomarkers in associative list 5 specifically; (b) existence or the level of one or more biomarkers in biological sample described in the contact detection based on biological sample and described one or more reagent; (c) identify and comprise the existence of described one or more biomarkers that detect in described biological sample or the biological marking of level.The method may further include compares the described biological marking with reference to the biological marking, wherein by this relatively for characterizing cancers.The biological marking of described reference can be from not cancered experimenter.Can be from this experimenter with reference to the biological marking.For example, can, from experimenter's non-malignant sample, as normal adjacent tissue, or in for some time process, take from experimenter's different samples with reference to the biological marking.Sign can comprise existence or the risk of identifying cancer in experimenter, or identifies that the cancer in experimenter is metastatic or invasive.Described comparison step can comprise determines that whether the biological marking is with respect to changing to some extent with reference to the biological marking, provides thus prognosis, diagnosis or the treatment diagnosis of cancer to determine.
In some embodiments, described one or more biomarkers comprise and are selected from following protein: A33, ABL2, ADAM10, AFP, ALA, ALIX, ALPL, ApoJ/CLU, ASCA, ASPH (A-10), ASPH (D01P), AURKB, B7H3, B7H3, B7H4, BCNP, BDNF, CA125 (MUC16), CA-19-9, C-Bir, CD10, CD151, CD24, CD41, CD44, CD46, CD59 (MEM-43), CD63, CD63, CD66eCEA, CD81, CD81, CD9, CD9, CDA, CDADC1, CRMP-2, CRP, CXCL12, CXCR3, CYFRA21-1, DDX-1, DLL4, DLL4, EGFR, Epcam, EphA2, ErbB2, ERG, EZH2, FASL, FLNA, FRT, GAL3, GATA2, GM-CSF, Gro-α, HAP, HER3 (ErbB3), HSP70, HSPB1, hVEGFR2, iC3b, IL-1B, IL6R, IL6Unc, IL7R α/CD127, IL8, INSIG-2, integrin, KLK2, LAMN, mammary gland globin, M-CSF, MFG-E8, MIF, MISRII, MMP7, MMP9, MUC1, Muc1, MUC17, MUC2, Ncam, NDUFB7, NGAL, NK-2R (C-21), NT5E (CD73), p53, PBP, PCSA, PCSA, PDGFRB, PIM1, PRL, PSA, PSA, PSMA, PSMA, RAGE, RANK, RegIV, RUNX2, S100-A4, seprase/FAP, SERPINB3, SIM2 (C-15), SPARC, SPC, SPDEF, SPP1, STEAP, STEAP4, TFF3, TGM2, TIMP-1, TMEM211, Trail-R2, Trail-R4, TrKB (poly), Trop2, Tsg101, TWEAK, UNC93A, VEGFA, wnt-5a (C-16) and combination thereof.Described one or more biomarkers can further comprise the protein that is selected from CD9, CD63, CD81, PCSA, MUC2, MFG-E8 and combination thereof.In some embodiments, the described biological marking is used for characterizing cancers, for example, and prostate cancer.
In other embodiments, described one or more biomarkers comprise that one or more are selected from following microRNA: miR-148a, miR-329, miR-9, miR-378*, miR-25, miR-614, miR-518c*, miR-378, miR-765, let-7f-2*, miR-574-3p, miR-497, miR-32, miR-379, miR-520g, miR-542-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-1206, miR-663, miR-222 and combination thereof.Described one or more biomarkers can also be selected from hsa-miR-877*, hsa-miR-593, hsa-miR-595, hsa-miR-300, hsa-miR-324-5p, hsa-miR-548a-5p, hsa-miR-329, hsa-miR-550, hsa-miR-886-5p, hsa-miR-603, hsa-miR-490-3p, hsa-miR-938, hsa-miR-149, hsa-miR-150, hsa-miR-1296, hsa-miR-384, hsa-miR-487a, hsa-miRPlus-C1089, hsa-miR-485-3p, hsa-miR-525-5p and combination thereof.In embodiments, described one or more biomarkers are selected from miR-588, miR-1258, miR-16-2*, miR-938, miR-526b, miR-92b*, let-7d, miR-378*, miR-124, miR-376c, miR-26b, miR-1204, miR-574-3p, miR-195, miR-499-3p, miR-2110, miR-888 and combination thereof.The described biological marking can be for characterizing cancers, for example, and prostate cancer.
In other embodiment again, described one or more biomarkers comprise and are selected from following protein: A33, ADAM10, AMACR, ASPH (A-10), AURKB, B7H3, CA125, CA-19-9, C-Bir, CD24, CD3, CD41, CD63, CD66e CEA, CD81, CD9, CDADC1, CSA, CXCL12, DCRN, EGFR, EphA2, ERG, FLNA, FRT, GAL3, GM-CSF, Gro-α, HER3 (ErbB3), hVEGFR2, IL6Unc, integrin, mammary gland globin, MFG-E8, MMP9, MUC1, MUC17, MUC2, NGAL, NK-2R (C-21), NY-ESO-1, PBP, PCSA, PIM1, PRL, PSA, PSIP1/LEDGF, PSMA, RANK, S100-A4, seprase/FAP, SIM2 (C-15), SPDEF, SSX2, STEAP, TGM2, TIMP-1, Trail-R4, Tsg101, TWEAK, UNC93A, VCAN, XAGE-1 and combination thereof.Described one or more biomarkers may further include the protein that is selected from EpCAM, CD81, PCSA, MUC2, MFG-E8 and combination thereof.In some embodiments, the described biological marking is used for characterizing prostate cancer.
In some embodiments, described one or more biomarkers are selected from let-7d, miR-148a, miR-195, miR-25, miR-26b, miR-329, miR-376c, miR-574-3p, miR-888, miR-9, miR1204, miR-16-2*, miR-497, miR-588, miR-614, miR-765, miR92b*, miR-938, let-7f-2*, miR-300, miR-523, miR-525-5p, miR-1182, miR-1244, miR-520d-3p, miR-379, let-7b, miR-125a-3p, miR-1296, miR-134, miR-149, miR-150, miR-187, miR-32, miR-324-3p, miR-324-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-378, miR-378*, miR-384, miR-451, miR-455-3p, miR-485-3p, miR-487a, miR-490-3p, miR-502-5p, miR-548a-5p, miR-550, miR-562, miR-593, miR-593*, miR-595, miR-602, miR-603, miR-654-5p, miR-877*, miR-886-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-140-3p, miR-192, miR-196a, miR-2110, miR-212, miR-222, miR-224*, miR-30b*, miR-499-3p, miR-505* and combination thereof.Described Bio-imprinting can be for characterizing prostate cancer, as the existence for distinguishing prostate cancer and other prostatic disorder.
In other embodiments again, described one or more biomarkers comprise and are selected from following protein: A33, ADAM10, ALIX, AMACR, ASCA, ASPH (A-10), AURKB, B7H3, BCNP, CA125, CA-19-9, C-Bir (flagellin), CD24, CD3, CD41, CD63, CD66e CEA, CD81, CD9, CDADC1, CRP, CSA, CXCL12, CYFRA21-1, DCRN, EGFR, EpCAM, EphA2, ERG, FLNA, GAL3, GATA2, GM-CSF, Gro α, HER3 (ErbB3), HSP70, hVEGFR2, iC3b, IL-1B, IL6Unc, IL8, integrin, KLK2, mammary gland globin, MFG-E8, MMP7, MMP9, MS4A1, MUC1, MUC17, MUC2, NGAL, NK-2R (C-21), NY-ESO-1, p53, PBP, PCSA, PIM1, PRL, PSA, PSMA, RANK, RUNX2, S100-A4, seprase/FAP, SERPINB3, SIM2 (C-15), SPC, SPDEF, SSX2, SSX4, STEAP, TGM2, TIMP-1, TRAIL R2, Trail-R4, Tsg101, TWEAK, VCAN, VEGF A, XAGE and combination thereof.Described one or more biomarkers may further include the protein that is selected from EpCAM, CD81, PCSA, MUC2, MEG-E8 and combination thereof.In some embodiments, the described biological marking is used for characterizing cancers, for example, and prostate cancer.
Described one or more biomarkers can be to be selected from hsa-miR-451, hsa-miR-223, hsa-miR-593*, hsa-miR-1974, hsa-miR-486-5p, hsa-miR-19b, hsa-miR-320b, hsa-miR-92a, hsa-miR-21, hsa-miR-675*, hsa-miR-16, hsa-miR-876-5p, hsa-miR-144, hsa-miR-126, hsa-miR-137, hsa-miR-1913, hsa-miR-29b-1*, hsa-miR-15a, hsa-miR-93, the microRNA of hsa-miR-1266 and combination thereof.The described biological marking can be for characterizing prostate cancer, as for distinguishing cancer and non-cancer sample, as differentiation prostate cancer and non-prostate cancer illness.
In one embodiment, described one or more biomarkers comprise that one or more are selected from the protein of CD9, CD63, CD81, MMP7, EpCAM and combination thereof.Described one or more biomarkers can be the protein that is selected from STAT3, EZH2, p53, MACC1, SPDEF, RUNX2, YB-1, AURKA, AURKB and combination thereof.Described one or more biomarkers can be the protein that is selected from PCSA, Muc2, Adam10 and combination thereof.Described one or more biomarkers can comprise MMP7.The described biological marking is for detection of cancer, for example, and mammary cancer or prostate cancer.
In another embodiment, described one or more biomarkers comprise the protein that is selected from alkaline phosphatase (AP), CD63, MyoD1, neuronspecific enolase, MAP1B, CNPase, statin (Prohibitin), CD45RO, Heat shock protein 27, collagen protein II, ln B1/b1, Gail, CDw75, bcl-XL, ln-s, ferritin, CD21, ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF-6) and combination thereof.Described one or more biomarkers can comprise and are selected from CD56/NCAM-1, Heat shock protein 27/hsp27, CD45RO, MAP1B, MyoD1, CD45/T200/LCA, CD3 ζ, ln-s, bcl-XL, Rad18, Gail, thymidylate synthetase, alkaline phosphatase (AP), CD63, MMP-16/MT3-MMP, cyclin C, neuronspecific enolase, SIRP a1, ln B1/b1, amyloid-beta (APP), SODD (silencer of death domain), CDC37, Gab-1, E2F-2, CD6, mastocyte Chymotrypsin, the protein of γ glutamyl cysteine synthetase (GCS) and combination thereof.For example, described one or more biomarkers can comprise the protein that is selected from alkaline phosphatase (AP), CD56 (NCAM), CD-3 ζ, Map1b, 14.3.3Dan, filamin, thrombospondin and combination thereof.The described biological marking can be for characterizing cancers.For example, the described biological marking can be for distinguishing prostate cancer and other prostatic disorder.The described biological marking can also be used for distinguishing prostate cancer and other cancers, for example, and lung cancer, colorectal carcinoma, mammary cancer and the cancer of the brain.
Described one or more biomarkers can comprise Ago2.Described one or more biomarkers may further include one or more microRNAs.In one embodiment, described one or more microRNAs can be one or more microRNAs in table 5.For example, described one or more microRNAs can be selected from miR-22, miR-16, miR-148a, miR-92a, miR-451, let7a and combination thereof.Described microRNA can be compound with Ago2.The described biological marking can be for characterizing prostate cancer, as for distinguishing prostate cancer and non-cancer sample.
In another embodiment, described one or more biomarkers comprise the protein that is selected from ADAM-10, BCNP, CD9, EGFR, EpCam, IL1B, KLK2, MMP7, p53, PBP, PCSA, SERPINB3, SPDEF, SSX2, SSX4 and combination thereof.For example, described one or more biomarkers can comprise the protein that is selected from EGFR, EpCAM, KLK2, PBP, SPDEF, SSX2, SSX4 and combination thereof.Described one or more biomarkers can also comprise the protein that is selected from EpCAM, KLK2, PBP, SPDEF, SSX2, SSX4 and combination thereof.
In one aspect of the method, the invention provides a kind of method, it comprises: (a) biological sample is contacted with one or more reagent, wherein said biological sample comprises one or more microcapsule bubbles, and further wherein said one or more reagent comprise the first reagent and second reagent of one or more biomarkers in specific binding table 5; (b) existence or the level of one or more microcapsule bubbles described in the contact detection based on biological sample and described the first and second reagent; (c) identify and comprise the existence of described one or more microcapsule bubbles that detect in described biological sample or the biological marking of level.The method may further include compares the described biological marking with reference to the biological marking, wherein by this relatively for characterizing cancers.The biological marking of described reference can be from not cancered experimenter.Can be from this experimenter with reference to the biological marking.For example, can, from experimenter's non-malignant sample, as normal adjacent tissue, or in for some time process, take from experimenter's different samples with reference to the biological marking.Sign can comprise existence or the risk of identifying cancer in experimenter, or identifies that the cancer in experimenter is metastatic or invasive.Described comparison step can comprise determines that whether the biological marking is with respect to changing to some extent with reference to the biological marking, provides thus prognosis, diagnosis or the treatment diagnosis of cancer to determine.
In one embodiment, described the first reagent comprises trapping agent, and the second reagent comprises detection agent.Described the first and second reagent can comprise antibody, fit or its combination.In one embodiment, described trapping agent ties in substrate, for example, and the hole of microtitre flat board, planar array, microballon, column material etc.Described detection agent can be carried out to mark to promote its detection.Described mark can be fluorescent mark, radio-labeling, enzyme labelling etc.Described detection agent is mark directly or indirectly.Herein by the technology further describing for catching and detecting.
Trapping agent and detection agent can be selected from table 38,40-44,50,51,55-67 and 72-74 one or more trapping agents and the detection agent pair in any.The present invention also considers to use multiple trapping agents and detection agent pair.In one embodiment, described one or more trapping agent and detection agent are to comprising the bonding agent pair of mammary gland globin-MFG-E8, SIM2-MFG-E8 and NK-2R-MFG-E8.In another embodiment, one or more trapping agents and detection agent are to comprising the bonding agent pair of integrin-MFG-E8, NK-2R-MFG-E8 and Gal3-MFG-E8.In another embodiment again, one or more trapping agents and detection agent are to comprising the trapping agent of AURK3, A33, CD63, Gro-α and integrin; Detection agent with MUC2, PCSA and CD81.Described one or more trapping agent and detection agent are to comprising the detection agent of AURKB, CD63, FLNA, A33, Gro-α, integrin, CD24, SSX2 and SIM2; And the detection agent of MUC2, PCSA, CD81, MFG-E8 and EpCam.Described one or more trapping agent and detection agent are to comprising the bonding agent pair of EaCam-MMP7, PCSA-MMP7 and EpCam-BCNP.Described one or more trapping agent and detection agent are to comprising the bonding agent pair of EpCam-MMP7, PCSA-MMP7, EpCam-BCNP, PCSA-ADAM10 and PCSA-KLK2.In another embodiment, described one or more trapping agent and detection agent are to comprising the bonding agent pair of EpCam-MMP7, PCSA-MMP7, EpCam-BCNP, PCSA-ADAM10, PCSA-KLK2, PCSA-SPDEF, CD81-MMP7, PCSA-EpCam, MFGE8-MMP7 and PCSA-IL-8.In another embodiment again, described one or more trapping agents and detection agent are to comprising the bonding agent pair of EpCam-MMP7, PCSA-MMP7, EpCam-BCNP, PCSA-ADAM10 and CD81-MMP7.Unless otherwise noted, bonding agent disclosed herein is to comprising " target of trapping agent "-" target of detection agent " and " target of detection agent "-" target of trapping agent ".
In one embodiment, described one or more trapping agent and detection agent are to comprising in ADAM-10, BCNP, CD9, EGFR, EpCam, IL1B, KLK2, MMP7, p53, PBP, PCSA, SERPINB3, SPDEF, SSX2 and SSX4 one or more trapping agent.Described to may further include the detection agent of EpCam.Described to comprising the detection agent of PCSA.The described biological marking can be for characterizing prostate cancer, as the microcapsule bubble for detection of coming off from prostate cancer cell, for distinguishing prostate cancer and non-cancer sample, for by cancer staging or classification, or for diagnosis, prognosis or treatment diagnosis are provided.
In another embodiment, described one or more trapping agent and detection agent are selected from EpCAM-EpCAM to comprising, EpCAM-KLK2, EpCAM-PBP, EpCAM-SPDEF, EpCAM-SSX2, EpCAM-SSX4, EpCAM-ADAM-10, EpCAM-SERPINB3, EpCAM-PCSA, EpCAM-p53, EpCAM-MMP7, EpCAM-IL1B, EpCAM-EGFR, EpCAM-CD9, EpCAM-BCNP, KLK2-EpCAM, KLK2-KLK2, KLK2-PBP, KLK2-SPDEF, KLK2-SSX2, KLK2-SSX4, KLK2-ADAM-10, KLK2-SERPINB3, KLK2-PCSA, KLK2-p53, KLK2-MMP7, KLK2-IL1B, KLK2-EGFR, KLK2-CD9, KLK2-BCNP, PBP-EpCAM, PBP-KLK2, PBP-PBP, PBP-SPDEF, PBP-SSX2, PBP-SSX4, PBP-ADAM-10, PBP-SERPINB3, PBP-PCSA, PBP-p53, PBP-MMP7, PBP-IL1B, PBP-EGFR, PBP-CD9, PBP-BCNP, SPDEF-EpCAM, SPDEF-KLK2, SPDEF-PBP, SPDEF-SPDEF, SPDEF-SSX2, SPDEF-SSX4, SPDEF-ADAM-10, SPDEF-SERPINB3, SPDEF-PCSA, SPDEF-p53, SPDEF-MMP7, SPDEF-IL1B, SPDEF-EGFR, SPDEF-CD9, SPDEF-BCNP, SSX2-EpCAM, SSX2-KLK2, SSX2-PBP, SSX2-SPDEF, SSX2-SSX2, SSX2-SSX4, SSX2-ADAM-10, SSX2-SERPINB3, SSX2-PCSA, SSX2-p53, SSX2-MMP7, SSX2-IL1B, SSX2-EGFR, SSX2-CD9, SSX2-BCNP, SSX4-EpCAM, SSX4-KLK2, SSX4-PBP, SSX4-SPDEF, SSX4-SSX2, SSX4-SSX4, SSX4-ADAM-10, SSX4-SERPINB3, SSX4-PCSA, SSX4-p53, SSX4-MMP7, SSX4-IL1B, SSX4-EGFR, SSX4-CD9, SSX4-BCNP, ADAM-10-EpCAM, ADAM-10-KLK2, ADAM-10-PBP, ADAM-10-SPDEF, ADAM-10-SSX2, ADAM-10-SSX4, ADAM-10-ADAM-10, ADAM-10-SERPINB3, ADAM-10-PCSA, ADAM-10-p53, ADAM-10-MMP7, ADAM-10-IL1B, ADAM-10-EGFR, ADAM-10-CD9, ADAM-10-BCNP, SERPINB3-EpCAM, SERPINB3-KLK2, SERPINB3-PBP, SERPINB3-SPDEF, SERPINB3-SSX2, SERPINB3-SSX4, SERPINB3-ADAM-10, SERPINB3-SERPINB3, SERPINB3-PCSA, SERPINB3-p53, SERPINB3-MMP7, SERPINB3-IL1B, SERPINB3-EGFR, SERPINB3-CD9, SERPINB3-BCNP, PCSA-EpCAM, PCSA-KLK2, PCSA-PBP, PCSA-SPDEF, PCSA-SSX2, PCSA-SSX4, PCSA-ADAM-10, PCSA-SERPINB3, PCSA-PCSA, PCSA-p53, PCSA-MMP7, PCSA-IL1B, PCSA-EGFR, PCSA-CD9, PCSA-BCNP, p53-EpCAM, p53-KLK2, p53-PBP, p53-SPDEF, p53-SSX2, p53-SSX4, p53-ADAM-10, p53-SERPINB3, p53-PCSA, p53-p53, p53-MMP7, p53-IL1B, p53-EGFR, p53-CD9, p53-BCNP, MMP7-EpCAM, MMP7-KLK2, MMP7-PBP, MMP7-SPDEF, MMP7-SSX2, MMP7-SSX4, MMP7-ADAM-10, MMP7-SERPINB3, MMP7-PCSA, MMP7-p53, MMP7-MMP7, MMP7-IL1B, MMP7-EGFR, MMP7-CD9, MMP7-BCNP, IL1B-EpCAM, IL1B-KLK2, IL1B-PBP, IL1B-SPDEF, IL1B-SSX2, IL1B-SSX4, IL1B-ADAM-10, IL1B-SERPINB3, IL1B-PCSA, IL1B-p53, IL1B-MMP7, IL1B-IL1B, IL1B-EGFR, IL1B-CD9, IL1B-BCNP, EGFR-EpCAM, EGFR-KLK2, EGFR-PBP, EGFR-SPDEF, EGFR-SSX2, EGFR-SSX4, EGFR-ADAM-10, EGFR-SERPINB3, EGFR-PCSA, EGFR-p53, EGFR-MMP7, EGFR-IL1B, EGFR-EGFR, EGFR-CD9, EGFR-BCNP, CD9-EpCAM, CD9-KLK2, CD9-PBP, CD9-SPDEF, CD9-SSX2, CD9-SSX4, CD9-ADAM-10, CD9-SERPINB3, CD9-PCSA, CD9-p53, CD9-MMP7, CD9-IL1B, CD9-EGFR, CD9-CD9, CD9-BCNP, BCNP-EpCAM, BCNP-KLK2, BCNP-PBP, BCNP-SPDEF, BCNP-SSX2, BCNP-SSX4, BCNP-ADAM-10, BCNP-SERPINB3, BCNP-PCSA, BCNP-p53, BCNP-MMP7, BCNP-IL1B, BCNP-EGFR, BCNP-CD9, the bonding agent pair of BCNP-BCNP and combination thereof.As listed in this section, described to comprising " target of trapping agent "-" target of detection agent ".Described biomarker can be for characterizing prostate cancer.
In one embodiment, described one or more trapping agent and detection agent are to comprising trapping agents one or more in EpCAM, KLK2, PBP, SPDEF, SSX2, SSX4, EGFR; Detection agent with EpCam.The described biological marking can be for characterizing prostate cancer.
As described in, can use multiple trapping agents and detection agent to detecting one or more described microcapsule bubbles.In one embodiment, described one or more trapping agent and detection agent are to comprising multiple following trapping agent: SSX4 and the EpCAM of being selected from; SSX4 and KLK2; SSX4 and PBP; SSX4 and SPDEF; SSX4 and SSX2; SSX4 and EGFR; SSX4 and MMP7; SSX4 and BCNP1; SSX4 and SERPINB3; KLK2 and EpCAM; KLK2 and PBP; KLK2 and SPDEF; KLK2 and SSX2; KLK2 and EGFR; KLK2 and MMP7; KLK2 and BCNP1; KLK2 and SERPINB3; PBP and EGFR; PBP and EpCAM; PBP and SPDEF; PBP and SSX2; PBP and SERPINB3; PBP and MMP7; PBP and BCNP1; EpCAM and SPDEF; EpCAM and SSX2; EpCAM and SERPINB3; EpCAM and EGFR; EpCAM and MMP7; EpCAM and BCNP1; SPDEF and SSX2; SPDEF and SERPINB3; SPDEF and EGFR; SPDEF and MMP7; SPDEF and BCNP1; SSX2 and EGFR; SSX2 and MMP7; SSX2 and BCNP1; SSX2 and SERPINB3; SERPINB3 and EGFR; SERPINB3 and MMP7; SERPINB3 and BCNP1; EGFR and MMP7; EGFR and BCNP1; MMP7 and BCNP1 and combination thereof.In preferred embodiments, described detection agent comprises EpCAM detection agent.In some embodiments, described detection agent is identified one or more in the protein in four transmembrane proteins, CD9, CD63, CD81, CD63, CD9, CD81, CD82, CD37, CD53, Rab-5b, annexin V, MFG-E8 or table 3.In another embodiment, one or more in described detection agent identification CD9, CD63, CD81, PSMA, PCSA, B7H3, EpCam, ADAM-10, BCNP, EGFR, IL1B, KLK2, MMP7, p53, PBP, SERPINB3, SPDEF, SSX2 and SSX4.While using multiple trapping agent, described test can be used single detection agent multiplexing.Or various trapping agents can match from different detection agents.The described biological marking can be for characterizing prostate cancer.
In one embodiment, described one or more trapping agent and detection agent are to comprising the bonding agent pair that is selected from EpCam-EpCam, EpCam-KLK2, EpCam-PBP, EpCam-SPDEF, EpCam-SSX2, EpCam-SSX4, EpCam-EGFR and combination thereof.EpCAM can be the target of detection agent.The described biological marking can be for characterizing prostate cancer.
In one embodiment, described one or more trapping agent and detection agent are to comprising the bonding agent of EpCam-EpCam.
In one embodiment, described one or more trapping agent and detection agent are to comprising the bonding agent of EpCam-KIK2.
In one embodiment, described one or more trapping agent and detection agent are to comprising the bonding agent of EpCam-PBP.
In one embodiment, described one or more trapping agent and detection agent are to comprising the bonding agent of EpCam-SPDEF.
In one embodiment, described one or more trapping agent and detection agent are to comprising the bonding agent of EpCam-SSX2.
In one embodiment, described one or more trapping agent and detection agent are to comprising the bonding agent of EpCam-SXX4.
In one embodiment, described one or more trapping agent and detection agent are to comprising the bonding agent of EpCam-EGFR.
In embodiments of the present invention, described biological sample comprises body fluid.Suitable body fluid includes but not limited to peripheral blood, serum, blood plasma, ascites, urine, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), phlegm, saliva, marrow, synovia, aqueous humor, amniotic fluid, earwax, milk, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, seminal fluid, prostatic fluid, examine amber liquid (cowper ' s fluid) or the liquid of ejaculating in advance, women penetrates liquid, sweat, movement, hair, tear, capsule liquid, hydrothorax and ascites fluid, pericardial fluid, lymph, food gruel, chyle, bile, interstitial fluid, menses, purulence, sebum, vomitus, vaginal secretions, mucous membrane secretory product, just rare, pancreatic juice, nasal lavage fluid, segmental bronchus aspirated liquid, blastochyle, Cord blood, or its any derivative.For example, biological sample can comprise urine, blood or blood derivatives (for example, serum or blood plasma), or its any derivative.
In some embodiments of the inventive method, one or more circulating biological marks that described biological sample comprises tissue sample, discharges from the cell of tissue sample or from these cells, or its any derivative.For example, can carry out method of the present invention and identify the biological marking for tissue sample.Described biological sample can comprise cell cultures matter sample, for example, and the substratum that described sample can comprise cultured cells and/or comprise the circulating biological mark discharging from these cultured cells.Described tissue sample or culture samples can be cancer samples, maybe can comprise tumor sample or tumour cell.
In the method for the invention, described biological sample can comprise one or more microcapsule bubbles.Described biological sample also can be made up of one or more microcapsule bubbles.In some embodiments, one or more biomarkers are relevant to one or more microcapsule bubbles.One or more microcapsule bubbles can have the diameter of 10nm to 2000nm, for example, and 20nm to 1500nm, 20nm to 1000nm, 20nm to 500nm, or 20nm to 200nm.
Can use disclosed herein or methods known in the art from sample, to separate one or more microcapsule bubbles.In embodiments, one or more microcapsule bubbles stand that size exclusion chromatography, density gradient centrifugation, differential centrifugation, nanometer film ultrafiltration, immunosorption are caught, affinity purification, affinity capture, affine selection, immunoassay, ELISA, microfluidic separation, flow cytometry or its combination.
One or more microcapsule bubbles can be contacted to one or more reagent.In some embodiments, described one or more pack are containing nucleic acid, DNA molecular, RNA molecule, antibody, antibody fragment, fit, class peptide, zDNA, peptide nucleic acid(PNA) (PNA), lock nucleic acid (LNA), lectin, peptide, arborescence, membrane protein labelling agent, chemical compound or its combination.For example, bonding agent can be antibody or fit.One or more bonding agents can be for catching and/or detect one or more microcapsule bubbles.In one embodiment, one or more bonding agents are in conjunction with one or more surface antigens on one or more microcapsule bubbles.One or more surface antigens can comprise one or more protein.
These one or more protein can be any useful biomarkers on target vesica, as disclosed herein those.In one embodiment, one or more protein comprise the vesica mark of one or more cell-specifics or cancer specific, for example, and the protein in CD9, CD63, CD81, PSMA, PCSA, B7H3, EpCam or table 4 or 5.One or more protein can also comprise general vesica mark, for example, one or more in the protein of four transmembrane proteins (tetraspanin), CD9, CD63, CD81, CD63, CD9, CD81, CD82, CD37, CD52, Rab-5b, annexin V, MFG-E8 or table 3.In one embodiment, one or more protein comprise table 3-5 one or more protein in arbitrary.For example, described one or more protein can comprise one or more in CD9, CD63, CD81, PSMA, PCSA, B7H3, EpCam, ADAM-10, BCNP, EGFR, IL1B, KLK2, MMP7, p53, PBP, SERPINB3, SPDEF, SSX2 and SSX4.
Described one or more reagent can be for catching one or more microcapsule bubbles.The microcapsule bubble of catching can be for further assessment.For example, can evaluate the useful load in microcapsule bubble.Microcapsule bubble useful load comprises one or more nucleic acid, peptide, protein, lipid, antigen, carbohydrate and/or proteoglycan.Described nucleic acid can comprise one or more DNA, mRNA, microRNA, snoRNA, snRNA, rRNA, tRNA, siRNA, hnRNA or shRNA.In one embodiment, one or more biomarkers comprise the useful load in one or more microcapsule bubbles of catching.For example, one or more biomarkers can comprise mRNA useful load.One or more biomarkers can also comprise microRNA useful load.One or more biomarkers can also comprise protein useful load, for example, and inner membrane protein matter or soluble protein.
Method of the present invention can be carried out in vitro, for example, uses external biological sample or cell cultures matter sample.
In further embodiment, the cancer of analyzing can be lung cancer, comprise that nonsmall-cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer (comprise small cell carcinoma (oat-cell carcinoma), mix minicell/large cell carcinoma and plyability small cell carcinoma), colorectal carcinoma, mammary cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, pancreas cancer (pancreas cancer), the cancer of the brain, kidney, ovarian cancer, cancer of the stomach (stomach cancer), skin carcinoma, osteocarcinoma, cancer of the stomach (gastric cancer), mammary cancer, carcinoma of the pancreas (pancreatic cancer), glioma, glioblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, corpora mammillaria kidney, neck squamous cell cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, myelomatosis or noumenal tumour.
In embodiments, the cancer characterizing by the inventive method comprises acute lymphoblastic leukemia; Acute myelogenous leukemia; Adrenocortical carcinoma; AIDS associated cancer; AIDS associated lymphoma; Anus cancer; Appendix cancer; Astrocytoma; Atypia teratoblastoma/rhabdoid tumor; Rodent cancer; Bladder cancer; Brain stem glioma; Cerebral tumor (comprising primitive neuroectodermal tumor and pineocytoma on the pineal gland parenchymal tumor, curtain of brain stem glioma, central nervous system atypia teratoblastoma/rhabdoid tumor, central nervous system embryonal tumor, astrocytoma, craniopharyngioma, one-tenth ependymoblastoma, ependymoma, medulloblastoma, medulloepithelioma, moderate differentiation); Mammary cancer; Tumor of bronchus; Burkitt's lymphoma; The cancer that original site is not clear; Carcinoid tumor; The cancer knurl that original site is not clear; Central nervous system atypia teratoblastoma/rhabdoid tumor; Central nervous system Embryo tumour; Cervical cancer; Childhood cancer; Chordoma; Lymphocytic leukemia; Chronic lymphocytic leukemia; Chronic bone marrow proliferation disorder; Colorectal carcinoma; Colorectal cancer; Craniopharyngioma; Cutaneous T cell lymphoma; Internal secretion islet cell tumor; Carcinoma of endometrium; Become ependymoblastoma; Ependymoma; The esophageal carcinoma; Esthesioneuroblastema (esthesioneuroblastoma); Ewing's sarcoma; Extracranial germ cell knurl; Extragonadal germ cell tumor; Cholangiocarcinoma; Carcinoma of gallbladder; (stomach) cancer of stomach; Gastrointestinal associated cancers tumour; Patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors; Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST); Gestational trophoblastic tumor; Neurospongioma; Hairy cell leukemia; Head and neck cancer; Heart cancer; Hodgkin lymphoma; Hypopharyngeal carcinoma; Intraocular melanoma; Islet cell tumor; Kaposi's sarcoma; Kidney; Langerhans cell histiocytosis; Laryngocarcinoma; Lip cancer; Liver cancer; Malignant fibrous histiocytoma osteocarcinoma; Medulloblastoma; Medulloepithelioma; Melanoma; Merkel cell carcinoma; Merkel cell skin carcinoma; Mesothelioma; Hide idiopathic transitivity squamous neck cancer; Oral carcinoma; Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome; Multiple myeloma; Multiple myeloma/plasma cell tumor; Cutaneous T cell lymphoma; Myelodysplastic syndrome; Myeloproliferative tumour; CARCINOMA OF THE NASAL CAVITY; Nasopharyngeal carcinoma; Neuroblastoma; Non-Hodgkin lymphoma; Nonmelanoma skin cancer; Nonsmall-cell lung cancer; Mouth cancer; Oral carcinoma; Oropharynx cancer; Osteosarcoma; Other brain and tumor of spinal cord; Ovarian cancer; Epithelial ovarian cancer; Ovarian germ cell tumors; The low pernicious potential tumor of ovary; Carcinoma of the pancreas; Papillomatosis; Paranasal sinus cancer; Parathyroid carcinoma; Pelvic cancer; Penile cancer; Pharynx cancer; The pineal gland parenchymal tumor of moderate differentiation; Pineocytoma; Pituitary tumor; Plasma cell tumor/multiple myeloma; Pleura pulmonary blastoma; Primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma; Primary hepatocyte hepatocarcinoma; Prostate cancer; The rectum cancer; Kidney; Nephrocyte (kidney) cancer; Renal cell carcinoma; Respiratory cancer; Retinoblastoma; Rhabdosarcoma; Sialisterium cancer; S é zary syndrome; Small cell lung cancer; Carcinoma of small intestine; Soft tissue sarcoma; Squamous cell carcinoma; Squamous neck cancer; Stomach (stomach) cancer; Primitive neuroectodermal tumor on curtain; T cell lymphoma; Carcinoma of testis; Laryngocarcinoma; Thymic carcinoma; Thymoma; Thyroid carcinoma; Transitional cell carcinoma; Renal plevis and ureteral transitional cell carcinoma; Trophoblastic tumor; Carcinoma of ureter; Urethral carcinoma; Uterus carcinoma; Sarcoma of uterus; Carcinoma of vagina; Carcinoma vulvae;
Figure BPA0000186429140000151
macroglobulinemia; Or Wilm ' s tumour.For example, described cancer can be prostate cancer, lung cancer, the cancer of the brain, mammary cancer, colorectal carcinoma or ovarian cancer.In preferred embodiments, described cancer is prostate cancer.
Method of the present invention can be carried out in vitro, for example, uses external biological sample or cell cultures matter sample.
In one aspect, the invention provides the reagent that carries out either method of the present invention.For example, the invention provides and carry out described method with reagent.In a related aspect, the invention provides test kit, it comprises the reagent that carries out either method of the present invention.Reagent can be binding reagents, includes but not limited to the antibody of one or more biomarkers or fit.For example, reagent can be can associative list 3-5,9-11, the bonding agent of 16-27,29,31-32,37-38,40-47,49-52,54-67 and 69-74 at least one biomarker in any.In some embodiments, in connection with the direct mark of agent or be configured to carry out indirect labelling.
In one aspect of the method, the invention provides PCSA+, Muc2+, the Adam10+ vesica of separation.In related aspect, the invention provides MMP7+ vesica.The present invention further provides Ag02+ vesica.This vesica can contain useful load, and it comprises one or more and be selected from the microRNA of table 5.For example, described microRNA can be selected from miR-22, let7a, miR-141, miR-182, miR-663, miR-155, mirR-125a-5p, miR-548a-5p, miR-628-5p, miR-517*, miR-450a, miR-920, hsa-miR-619, miR-1913, miR-224*, miR-502-5p, miR-888, miR-376a, miR-542-5p, miR-30b*, miR-1179 and combination thereof.This vesica can also contain useful load, and it comprises one or more messenger RNA(mRNA)s (mRNA) that are selected from table 5.For example, described mRNA can be selected from table 20-24.
Be incorporated to by reference
All publication, patents and patent applications of mentioning in this specification sheets are all incorporated herein by reference, and its degree of quoting is as each single open, patent or patent application all specifically and individually show to be incorporated to by reference.
Accompanying drawing summary
Figure 1A has described and has identified that the biological marking that comprises nucleic acid is to characterize the method for phenotype.Figure 1B has described the biological marking of identifying vesica or vesica colony to characterize the method for phenotype.
Fig. 2 A-F describes the method that characterizes phenotype by the biological marking of assessment vesica in detail.Fig. 2 A is the sketch that is coated with the planar substrates of capture antibody, and described capture antibody is caught the vesica of expressing this protein.Described capture antibody is for vesicle protein matter (it has or do not have specificity to the vesica (" disease vesica ") that is derived from sick cell).Described detection antibody is combined with the vesica of catching and fluorescent signal is provided.Described detection antibody can detect the antigen relevant to vesica conventionally, or the detection antigen relevant to cell source or disease (as cancer).Fig. 2 B is the sketch that is coated with the pearl of capture antibody, and described capture antibody is caught the vesica of expressing this protein.Described capture antibody is for vesicle protein matter (it has or do not have specificity for the vesica (" disease vesica ") that is derived from sick cell).Described detection antibody is combined with the vesica of catching and fluorescent signal is provided.Described detection antibody can detect the antigen relevant to vesica conventionally, or the detection antigen relevant to cell source or disease (as cancer).Fig. 2 C is the example of screening scheme, and it can be by using pearl as shown in Figure 2 B to implement in multiple mode.Fig. 2 D shows and catches or detect vesica to characterize the explanatory view of phenotype.Fig. 2 E shows for assessment of vesica useful load to characterize the illustrative approach of phenotype.Fig. 2 F shows the illustrative approach that characterizes phenotype for catching and detect vesica and optionally assessing useful load.
Fig. 3 describes the computer system that can use in exemplary more of the present invention in detail.
Fig. 4 describes the method that uses detection to describe result from the method based on pearl of experimenter's vesica in detail.The quantity of the pearl catching under given intensity is the indication of vesica with what kind of frequency detection of expression protein under described intensity.For given pearl, the intensity of signal is stronger, detects protein expression more.The figure illustrates by normal patient being combined in a curve cancer patients is combined in another curve, and use biometrics to analyze the normalized figure that distinguishes described curve and obtain.To the data normalization being obtained by each individuality to consider the difference by the quantity of the pearl that detecting instrument was read, these data are added and, and then normalization method is to consider the different sample numbers in each colony.
Fig. 5 has illustrated by assessment TMPRSS2-ERG and has expressed and use EpCam catching the prostate cancer cell source vesica from blood plasma.The vesica of VcaP purifying is incorporated in normal plasma, then hatches together with being coated with the Dynal magnetic bead of EpCam or isotype control antibodies.By direct isolation of RNA on Dynal pearl.Use from the equal-volume RNA of each sample and carry out RT-PCR and the analysis of Taqman subsequently.
Fig. 6 has described the histogram that uses miR-21 that CD9 pearl catches or miR-141 to express.The 1ml blood plasma, the LNCaP of 250ng/ml or the Dynal pearl of normal purifying vesica and CD9 coating that derive from patients with prostate cancer are hatched.By isolation of RNA in described pearl and pearl supernatant liquor.In addition, a sample (#6) is not caught for comparing.The expression that uses qRT-PCR to measure microRNA, and the mean CT-number of more each sample.CD9 catches the detection that has improved miR-21 and miR-141 in prostate cancer sample.
Fig. 7 A has illustrated and has used the vesica that MoFlo XDP carries out to separate and identify.Fig. 7 B has illustrated the facs analysis of VCaP cell and with CD9, B7H3, PCSA and PSMA antibody staining exosome.Fig. 7 C has illustrated compared with overall vesica colony, has obtained the different mode that miR expresses in airflow classification B7H3+ or PSMA+ vesica colony.
Fig. 8 A-H is the vesica detecting in sample, wherein uses existence or the level of the desirable vesica of microballoon Platform evaluation.Fig. 8 A is the schematic diagram that the filter method of use based on post separates vesica from blood plasma, and the vesica of wherein said separation uses microballoon platform to assess subsequently.Fig. 8 B is due to the schematic diagram that causes the contracting of vesica mould such as the such high speed centrifugation of ultracentrifugation.Fig. 8 C is the schematic diagram that uses laser detection to detect being incorporated into the vesica of microballoon.Fig. 8 D represents to detect the example in conjunction with the prostate gland source vesica of substrate.Catch microcapsule bubble with PCSA, the PSMA or the B7H3 specificity trapping agent that tie in substrate.Carry out the vesica that mark is caught thus with fluorescently-labeled CD9, CD63 and the specific detection agent of CD81.Fig. 8 E has illustrated the dependency of the positive vesica of CD9 of use microballoon platform (Y-axle) or flow cytometry (X-axle) detection.In order to calculate intermediate value fluorescence intensity (MFI), with the anti-CD9 antibody capture vesica tying in microballoon, and use fluorescently-labeled CD9, CD63 and the specific detection antibody test of CD81.Fig. 8 F has illustrated the dependency of PCMA, PCSA or the positive vesica of B7H3 of use microballoon platform (Y-axle) or BCA analysis of protein (X-axle) detection.In order to calculate MFI, with tying in B7H3, the PSMA of microballoon or the antibody capture vesica of PCSA, and use fluorescently-labeled CD9, CD63 and the specific detection antibody test of CD81.Fig. 8 G has illustrated the similar platform that uses the positive vesica of microballoon analyzing and testing CD81 with substance or multiple mode.Vesica uses the anti-CD81 antibody capture tying in microballoon, and uses fluorescently-labeled CD9, CD63 and the specific detection antibody test of CD81.Fig. 8 H has illustrated the similar performance that uses microballoon analyzing and testing B7H3, CD63, CD9 or EpCam with substance or multiple mode.With tying in the antibody capture vesica of B7H3, CD63, CD9 or the EpCam of microballoon, and use fluorescently-labeled CD9, CD63 and the specific detection antibody test of CD81.
Fig. 9 A describes the ability of the biological marking differentiation normal prostatic of vesica and PCa sample in detail.Cancer markers comprises EpCam and B7H3.General vesica mark comprises CD9, CD81 and CD63.Prostate specific mark comprises PCSA.PSMA can equally with PCSA use.It is found that described test has 96% sensitivity and 95% specificity for PCa contrast normal specimens.Fig. 9 B shows the average fluorescent strength (MFI) of the vesica mark of Fig. 9 A in normal and patients with prostate cancer in Y-axis.
Whether Figure 10 is the schematic diagram for the decision tree of vesica prostate cancer analysis, positive for prostate cancer for determining sample.
Figure 11 has shown the result detecting with respect to the PSA level of use raising for the vesica detection analysis of prostate cancer according to described decision tree.
Figure 12 has illustrated the level of the miR-145 from the vesica of contrast and PCa sample separation.
Figure 13 A-13E describes in detail and uses microRNA to confirm the false negative from the Diagnosis of prostate cancer based on vesica.Figure 13 A describes the miR using in vesica in detail and analyzes false negative is converted to the schematic diagram of true positives, has improved thus sensitivity.Figure 13 B describes the miR using in vesica in detail and analyzes false positive is converted into the schematic diagram of true negative, improves thus specificity.The normalization method level of miR-107 (Figure 13 C) and miR-141 (Figure 13 D) illustrates for the false positive (FP) of the true negative (TN) of the true positives (TP) of described vesica diagnositc analysis gained, described vesica diagnositc analysis gained, described vesica diagnositc analysis gained and the false negative (FN) of described vesica diagnositc analysis gained in Y-axis.MiR-107 and miR-141 can be in the schemes shown in Figure 13 A and Figure 13 B.Figure 13 E shown and used different sample groups, compared with not suffering from the patient of prostate cancer, and the Taqman qRT-PCR checking of the miR-107 improving in the blood plasma cMV of patients with prostate cancer.
Figure 14 A-D has illustrated the KRAS order-checking in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) clone and patient's sample.Sample comprises the genomic dna obtaining from clone (Figure 14 B) or from patient's tissue sample (Figure 14 D), or the cDNA that obtains of RNA useful load in the vesica coming off from clone (Figure 14 A) or patient's plasma sample (Figure 14 C).
Figure 15 A-B has illustrated the immunoprecipitation from the microRNA of human plasma.Figure 15 A has shown the average miR-16 amount detecting in the various parts of human plasma." (Beads) " is the content that uses the miR-16 precipitating for the antibody co-immunization of Argonaute2 (Ago2), Apo A1 (ApoA1), GW182 and IgG contrast." Dyna " refers to the immunoprecipitation that uses Dynabead Protein G, and " Magna " refers to Magnabind Protein G pearl." supemt " is the amount of the miR-16 that detects in the supernatant liquor of immunoprecipitation.For detailed content, referring to embodiment.Figure 15 B is identical with Figure 15 A, except having detected miR-92a.
Figure 16 has illustrated the airflow classification with the mixture of the anti-PCSA antibody of PE mark and the anti-Ago2 antibody staining of FITC mark.
Figure 17 A-D has illustrated the detection of microRNA in the positive mixture of PCSA/Ago2 in human plasma sample.Plasma sample is from experimenter or the normal control (normally) of suffering from prostate cancer (PrC).Figure 17 A has shown from the miR-22 copy number in the global cycle microcapsule bubble colony of human plasma.Figure 17 B has shown that use carrys out the mixture of sorting source plasma for the antibody of PCSA and Argonaute2 (Ago2).The copy number of isolation of RNA and miR-22 is measured in the colony of the two positive events of PCSA/Ago2.Figure 17 C has shown for each plasma sample by the number of the two positive events of PCSA/Ago2 of Counting by flow cytometry.Figure 17 D shows the result of miR-22 copy number divided by PCSA/Ago2 positive events sum for each plasma sample.This has obtained the miR-22 copy number of the two positive mixtures of each PCSA/Ago2.
Figure 18 A-D has illustrated the flow cytometry with the circulation microcapsule bubble (cMV) of anti-CD9 and/or anti-PCSA dyeing.Figure 18 A has illustrated the cMV that uses the traget antibody analysed for plasma source of CD9 and PCSA.Figure 18 B has illustrated the enrichment of two positive CD9/PCSA cMV after the dual immunoprecipitation that uses anti-CD9 and anti-PCSA.Two positive colony between comparison diagram 18A and Figure 18 B in the R7 of region.Figure 18 C has illustrated and has used the cMV for the traget antibody analysed for plasma source of PCSA.Figure 18 D has illustrated the enrichment of PCSA positive events after the single immunoprecipitation of the antibody that uses anti-PCSA.Region R4Zhong colony between comparison diagram 18C and Figure 18 D.
Figure 19 A-G has illustrated the level of miR-22 in various different blood plasma parts.Figure 19 A has illustrated the miR-22 copy number in blood plasma that do not change as measured by ABI Taqman detection kit (Assay ID#000398).Figure 19 B has illustrated the miR-22 copy number from the global cycle microcapsule bubble colony of patient's plasma extraction as measured by ABI Taqman detection kit.Figure 19 C has illustrated the miR-22 copy number that uses the parent material discharging from anti-CD9 post to retain at anti-PCSA post.Figure 19 D has illustrated the miR-22 copy number with respect to sample coupling PCSA MFI that the analysis as used based on pearl is measured.Respectively 161.67 and 729.17 for the cancer of dual immunoprecipitation and the mean P CSA MFI signal of normal input blood plasma.Figure 19 E has illustrated the miR-22 copy number in input blood plasma.Figure 19 F has illustrated the miR-22 copy number from the cMV on the anti-PCSA post of being retained in of the input blood plasma of Figure 19 E.Figure 19 G has illustrated the miR-22 copy number with respect to sample coupling PCSA MFI that the analysis as used based on pearl is measured.Respectively 69.17 and 526.5 for the cancer of single IP and the mean P CSA MFI signal of normal plasma.
Figure 20 A-C has illustrated with being derived from the level of PCSA and psma protein and distinguishing PCa and normal (non-PCa) sample to the scoring that separates the miR-22 relevant from the cMV of blood plasma and 1et7a microRNA.Figure 20 A has shown for the graphic representation normal and scoring that cancer sample calculates.Figure 20 B has shown the data of Figure 20 A, wherein will normally be divided into normal group (without prostatic disorder), atypia group, inflammation group and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasm group (high-grade PIN, or HGPIN), and cancer is divided into and is defined as observing the group of waiting for (WW) or cancer.Figure 20 C has shown the ROC curve producing by these data.AUC is 0.77.
Figure 21 A-B has shown the graphic representation for the differential expression of the different sample miR-920 of colony (Figure 21 A) and miR-450a (Figure 21 B).Sample comprises from the PCSA of separating plasma expresses the microRNA cMV.Compare with normal (" normally ") with prostate cancer (" cancer "), miR-920 is mixing expression excessively in disease (, high-grade PIN (" hgpin ") and inflammatory diseases (" inflammation ")).Compared with other, miR-450 lowers in cancer.
Figure 22 A-F has illustrated the point diagram from the fluorescent value that deducts original background of the selected mRNA of the microarray spectrum analysis of vesica mRNA useful load level.In each figure, Y-axis has shown the fluorescent value (original BGsub fluorescence) that deducts original background.X-axis has shown four normal control blood plasma and four point diagrams from the blood plasma of patients with prostate cancer.Shown mRNA is A2ML1 (Figure 22 A), GABARAPL2 (Figure 22 B), PTMA (Figure 22 C), RABAC1 (Figure 22 D), SOX1 (Figure 22 E) and ETFB (Figure 22 F).
Figure 23 A-23B has illustrated the level of miR-141 from the vesica of non-recurrence prostate cancer and metastatic prostate cancer sample separation (Figure 23 A) and miR-375 (Figure 23 B), as shown in X-axis.The miR separating from vesica that used Taqman analyzing and testing.P value is shown in curve below.Y-axis has shown the copy number of the miR detecting.
Figure 24 A-24B has illustrated the microRNA miR-497 that distinguishes lung cancer and normal (non-lung cancer) by blood sample of patient.Y-axle has shown the miR-497 copy number in 0.1ml sample.In Figure 24 A, sea line represents the copy number of 1154 copies.In Figure 24 B, sea line represents 1356 copy number.Figure 24 C is experimenter's operating characteristic (ROC) curve of distinguishing non--small cell lung cancer and normal plasma sample for the miR-497 level by check circulation microcapsule bubble (cMV).Data are corresponding to Figure 24 B.
Figure 25 A is the electron photomicrograph that is incorporated into the derivative microcapsule bubble of Vcap-of slide glass.Figure 25 B is the scanning electron photomicrograph of the derivative microcapsule bubble of Vcap-, and Figure 25 C is the scanning electron photomicrograph that is incorporated into the Vcap microcapsule bubble of the polystyrene bead applying with poly-L-Lysine.Figure 25 D has illustrated according to the blood that is processed into blood plasma describing in detail in sample collection experimental program.
Figure 26 A-E has illustrated microRNA functional analysis.Figure 26 A has shown the synthetic RNA molecule 261-266 of mark and the nucleoprotein complex that contains interested target microRNA 267.Figure 26 B proved in the time being identified by nucleoprotein complex 267, at the cutting of the synthetic RNA molecule at 263 places, Target Recognition site, release mark 265-266 thus.Figure 26 C-E has illustrated the input nucleus albumen composition from various sources.
Figure 27 A-B has shown the group of the vesica mark for distinguishing prostate cancer.In Figure 27 A, catch vesica with the antibody tying separately in mammary gland globin, SIM2 and the NK-2R of different microballon colony.Detect the vesica of catching with the anti-MFG-E8 antibody of PE-mark.Figure 27 A has shown the ROC curves of distinguishing 61 prostate cancers and 68 non-prostate cancer sample generations by the level of the vesica based on detected.AUC is 0.90.On figure, by the some place shown in arrow, sensitivity is 0.85, and specificity is 0.84.In Figure 27 B, catch vesica with the antibody tying separately in integrin, NK-2R and the Gal3 of different microballon colony.Detect the vesica of catching with the anti-MFG-E8 antibody of PE-mark.Figure 27 B has shown that the level by the vesica based on detected distinguishes the ROC curve that 61 prostate cancers and 32 benign prostate samples (for example, suffer from BPH but there is no the male sex of hyperphlogosis) produce.AUC is 0.84.On figure, by the some place shown in arrow, sensitivity is 0.82, and specificity is 0.75.
Figure 28 A-G shown from shown in the miR level that detects in the microcapsule bubble of patient's blood plasma in sample sets.In Figure 28 A-G, y-axle is the C measuring from the TR-PCR of miR tvalue, and the set of x-axle the miR level in following sample sets, from left to right: 1) prostate cancer; 2) high-grade pin (HGPIN); 3) inflammation; With 4) benign prostate illness (for example, BPH).Figure 28 A has shown the level of miR-614.Figure 28 B has shown the level of miR-211.Figure 28 C has shown the level of miR-136.Figure 28 D has shown the level of miR-149.Figure 28 E has shown the level of miR-221*.Figure 28 F has shown the level of miR-329.Figure 28 G has shown the level of miR-26b.
Figure 29 A-B has shown proves that different vesica trapping agents and detection agent distinguish the ROC curve of prostatic ability.In Figure 29 A, trapping agent identification AURKB, A33, CD63, Gro-α and integrin, and detection agent identification MUC2, PCSA and CD81.The AUC of ROC curve is 0.8306, with only 0.59 comparing of PSA.On the outermost ROC that represents vesica mark, indicate some place, sensitivity is 0.815, and specificity is 0.737.In Figure 29 B, trapping agent identification AURKB, CD63, FLNA, A33, Gro-α, integrin, CD24, SSX2 and SIM2, and detection agent identification MUC2, PCSA, CD81, MFG-E8 and EpCam.In this sample sets, the AUC of ROC curve is 0.835, with only 0.60 comparing of PSA.On the outermost ROC that represents vesica mark, indicate some place, sensitivity is 0.823, and specificity is 0.737.
Figure 30 A-C has proved to distinguish the detection of the cMV of the prostate cancer in plasma sample.The specific antibody capture vesica of PCSA, the PSMA tying with pearl or B7H3.The cMV catching with the antibody labeling of PSMA, PCSA, B7H3 or four transmembrane protein CD9, CD63 and the CD81 of PE-mark.Catch for PCSA, the results are shown in Figure 30 A, catch for PSMA, the results are shown in Figure 30 B, catch for B7H3, the results are shown in Figure 30 C.In the drawings, Y-axle has shown the average median fluorescence intensity (MFI) of the antibody that detects.The sample showing on X-axle comprises the positive pond of PCa (" 1Pos Pool "), from patient's negative control pond (" 2Neg Pool ") and the contrast blank (" B1ank ") of not suffering from PCa.The detection agent indicating on X-axle comprises the traget antibody of independent PSMA, PCSA or B7H3, the mixture (" V1-tets ") of the mixture (" mixture ") of the antibody of PSMA, PCSA, B7H3 or the antibody of four transmembrane protein CD9, CD63 and CD81.
Figure 31 A-F has shown proves that 3-mark group vesica trapping agent and detection agent distinguish the ROC curve of prostatic ability.Show the illustrative result of use 3-mark combination differentiation prostate cancer (PCa+) sample and every other sample (PCA-) (referring to table 53).Dark-grey colo(u)r streak (more zigzag line left) is equivalent to heavily substitution performance, and uses 10-folding cross validation to produce more level and smooth black line.Show ROC curve (Figure 31 A that uses diagonal lines linear discriminant analysis to produce; Heavily substitution AUC=0.87; Cross validation AUC=0.86), linear discriminant analysis (Figure 31 B; Heave hand enters AUC=0.87; Cross validation AUC=0.86), SVMs (Figure 31 C; Heavily substitution AUC=0.87; Cross validation AUC=0.86); Gradient based on tree promotes (Figure 31 D; Heavily substitution AUC=0.89; Cross validation AUC=0.84); Lasso trick (Figure 31 E; Heavily substitution AUC=0.87; Cross validation AUC=0.86) and neural network (Figure 31 F; Heavily substitution AUC=0.87; Cross validation AUC=0.72).
Figure 32 A-C has illustrated the performance of the three mark groups that are made up of following mark: 1) Epcam detection agent-MMP7 trapping agent; 2) PCSA detection agent-MMP7 trapping agent; 3) Epcam detection agent-BCNP trapping agent.Sample group is patient age < 75 wherein, blood-serum P SA < 10ng/ml, and the restriction set (N=127) of not carrying out before biopsy.Use in this case the ROC curve display of diagonal lines linear discriminant analysis generation in Figure 32 A.In the figure, arrow represents the thresholding point along curve, its medium sensitivity equal 90% and specificity equal 80%.Another diagram of this thresholding is shown in Figure 32 B, its shown drop on shown in PCA+ on thresholding line either side and the distribution of PCA-sample.The independent impact of Epcam detection agent-MMP7 trapping agent mark is shown in Figure 32 C." PCA, current biopsy " refers to the male sex of the biopsy positive for the first time, and " PCA, before biopsy " refers to observation wait group.
Figure 33 A-B has shown the ROC curve of the ability that proves different vesica trapping agents and detection agent differentiation prostate cancer.Use linear discriminant analysis and 10-folding cross validation or heavily substitution method, in two kinds of situations, measure the performance of 5-mark group.The ROC curve display of model A situation (, the every other patient's sample of all PCa vs.) is in Figure 33 A.Mark group in this situation is by forming below: 1) Epcam detection agent-MMP7 trapping agent; 2) PCSA detection agent-MMP7 trapping agent; 3) Epcam detection agent-BCNP trapping agent; 4) PCSA detection agent-Adam10 trapping agent; With 5) PCSA detection agent-KLK2 trapping agent.In Figure 33 A, top more the line of sawtooth corresponding to heavily substitution method.AUC is 0.90.Use cross validation, the AUC of calculating is 0.87.At the some place of filled arrows indication, use the model of cross validation to obtain 92% sensitivity and 50% specificity.At the some place of filled arrows indication, use the model of cross validation to obtain 82% sensitivity and 80% specificity.The ROC curve display of MODEL C situation (, following for the restriction sample sets described in table 53) is in Figure 33 B.Mark group in this situation is by forming below: 1) Epcam detection agent-MMP7 trapping agent; 2) PCSA detection agent-MMP7 trapping agent; 3) Epcam detection agent-BCNP trapping agent; 4) PCSA detection agent-Adam10 trapping agent; With 5) CD81 detection agent-MMP7 trapping agent.In Figure 33 B, top more the line of sawtooth corresponding to heavily substitution method.AUC is 0.91.Use cross validation, the AUC of calculating is 0.89.At the some place of arrow indication, the model of intersect-checking has obtained 95% sensitivity and 60% specificity.
Figure 34 A-D has shown the level from the microRNA material in the PCSA+ circulation microcapsule bubble of trouble prostate cancer and the benign prostate illness male sex's blood plasma.In Figure 34 A, in various ponds, show the Ct from the Exiqon card for miR-1974 (its overlapping mitochondrial tRNA).Prostate cancer sample has the level higher than this miR of other samples.Figure 34 B shown the copy number of miR in pond, as by the taqman analysis to measure that uses ABI7900.In Figure 34 C, in various ponds, show the Ct from the Exiqon card for miR-320b.Prostate cancer sample has the level of this miR lower than other samples.Figure 34 D shown the copy number of miR-320b in pond, as by the taqman analysis to measure that uses ABI7900.
Figure 35 has shown synthetic miR16 standard substance (10 6-10 1) typical curve detection and detect from human plasma sample's in triplicate miR16.As shown in legend, use 48.48Dynamic Array tMiFC, 96.96Dynamic Array tMiFC, or use ABI7900HT Taqman test (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA), obtain data from Fluidigm Biomark (Fluidigm Corporation, South San Francisco, CA).All levels are measured under multiple condition.
Figure 36 A-D has shown that the cMV of the blood plasma from prostate cancer and optimum contrast (, the non-prostate cancer) male sex that uses flow cytometry analyzes.After mixture mark with the anti-four transmembrane protein antibody (CD9, CD63, CD81) of mark, the first cMV in gate plasma sample.Then the cMV identifying with the anti-MM P7 antibody of PE-mark and the anti-EpCAM antibody labeling of FITC-mark.Figure 36 has shown the illustrative result of two prostate cancers (Figure 36 C-D) and two contrasts (Figure 36 A-B).Y-axle represents the detection level of MMP7, and X-axle represents the detection level of EpCAM.
Figure 37 A-G has shown and has contrasted individuality from normal (non-cancer), patient with breast cancer, cancer of the brain patient, patients with lung cancer, colorectal cancer patients, adenoma of colon patient, BPH patient (optimum), inflammatory prostate patient (inflammation), the relevant alkaline phosphatase (intestines) (Figure 37 A) of microcapsule bubble of HGPIN patient and patients with prostate cancer, CD-56 (Figure 37 B), CD-3 ζ (Figure 37 C), map1b (Figure 37 D), (14.3.3pan Figure 37 E), the level of filamin (Figure 37 F) and thrombospondin (Figure 37 G), as shown in FIG..Vesica is concentrated, then hatch with antibody array.To carry out fluoroscopic examination with the vesica of the antibodies of range protein.
Figure 38 A-F has shown the result of the immunoprecipitation of CD81, Ago2, IgG and BrdU.Analyze the existence of sedimentary microRNA, described microRNA comprises let-7a (Figure 38 A and Figure 38 B), miR-16 (Figure 38 C and Figure 38 D) and mir-451 (Figure 38 E and Figure 38 F).Analyze to evaluate miRNA:Hsa-Let-7a with ABI miRNA as follows, test ID377, Hsa-miR-16 test, test ID391 and miR-451, test ID1141.
Figure 39 A-C has shown the result that uses the Ago2ELISA of concentrated blood plasma cMV cracking or complete.Figure 39 A has shown that the restructuring Ago2 of the ELISA based on plate in PBS (without cracking) or lysis buffer (cMV of cracking) detects.Figure 39 B has shown the average OD450nm for the endogenous Ago2 of the concentrated blood plasma (cMV) of complete or cracking.Figure 39 C has shown the endogenous Ago2 (ng/mL) estimating in the concentrated blood plasma (cMV) of complete or cracking.
Figure 40 A-B has shown that the Argonaute2 in the positive pond of prostate cancer and the negative pond of prostate cancer expresses.Figure 40 A has shown the titration of encapsulant F127 in the ELISA based on Ago2 plate that uses sample and detection agent thinner 1%BSA+1%F68.Figure 40 A has shown the titration of encapsulant F127 in the ELISA based on Ago2 plate that uses sample and detection agent thinner 1%BSA+1%F127.
Figure 41 has shown and has detected the example from the cMV of the peripheral blood of prostate cancer and normal patient with experimental program.Use anti-MM P7-FITC antibody coupling matter (Millipore anti-MM P7 monoclonal antibody 7B2) to detect cMV.The frequency vs. that the figure illustrates the event of detection detects antibody concentration.
Figure 42 A-J has illustrated the detection of airflow classification and the miR of vesica.Use Beckman Coulter MoFlo XDP, for the albumen relevant to film, as four transmembrane proteins (CD9, CD63, CD81), Ago2 and/or GW182, cMV is dyeed.In Figure 42 A, list flow cytometry method.Figure 42 B has illustrated the plasma extraction thing from normal, prostate gland and bladder cancer patients that carries out airflow classification for four transmembrane proteins (Tet) +/Ago+/GW182-or Tet+/Ago2+/GW182+.Figure 42 C-E has shown the level of the miR-22 detecting in the sample pool from fraction shown in the flow cytometer showed shown in Figure 42 B.Figure 42 C has shown the miR-22 level of various samples in not sorting plasma extraction thing, in its input airflow classification.Figure 42 D has shown the miR-22 level in various samples in Ago2+Tet+GW182-sorting colony.Figure 42 D has shown the miR-22 level in various samples in Ago2+Tet+GW182+ sorting colony.Then, the plasma extraction thing from normal and various cancer patientss for Tet+/Ago2+, Tet+/Ago2-, Tet-/Ago+ sorting.Figure 42 F illustrated for from shown in the sorting gate of the various cMV of analyte capture colony.Figure 42 G-I illustrated for shown in the stream event that detects in various samples of cMV colony.Figure 42 G has shown the vesica that uses four transmembrane protein detection agents to detect, and it is by all cMV that detect in sample.Figure 42 H has shown the vesica that uses Ago2 detection agent to detect.Figure 42 I has shown the vesica that uses four transmembrane proteins and Ago2 detection agent to detect.From the colony of enriched material and sorting, extract RNA, and evaluate miR.Figure 42 J has shown with respect to 6 normal control samples, the relative copy number of miR shown in the every vesica detecting in 10 PCa samples.In Figure 42 J, show the vesica colony of sorting along x-axle, as follows: b) Tet+Ago2+c) Tet-Ago2+d) Tet+Ago2-e) input enriched material (not enrichment).
Figure 43 A-G has illustrated circulation microcapsule bubble in GW182 and human body fluid and the cognation of Ago2.Figure 43 A has shown the Western engram analysis for the Ago2 in Du145 lysate and purifying VCaP exosome.Figure 43 B has shown the immunoprecipitation from the GW182 of human plasma.These data have proved the coimmunoprecipitation of Ago2 and GW182 by Western trace.Figure 43 C-D has illustrated from the immunoprecipitation of the microRNA of human peripheral (IP).By anti-AGO2 (abcam, ab57113, lot number GR29117-1), anti-GW182 (Bethyl Labs, A302-330A) and anti-IgG (Santa Cruz sc-2025) capture antibody and Magnabind Protein G pearl (Thermo Scientific Cat.#21349) coupling.Hatch the pearl of coupling with human plasma.Use ABI Taqman detection kit (ABI_391 and ABI_431) respectively for microRNA (miR-16 and miR-92a) the Isolation and screening RNA selecting.RNA is quantitative for synthetic standards product, and with respect to IgG reference standard.Figure 43 C has shown the level of miR-92a, and Figure 43 D has shown the level of the miR-16 detecting.Figure 43 E-F has illustrated the sandwich ELISA that proves Ago2 dependency in GW182 and human plasma.Figure 43 E has shown that the anti-GW182 of use is as trapping agent (GW182 (Bethyl Labs,) and the anti-Ago2 (abcam of biotinylation A302-330A), ab57113, lot number GR29117-1) as detection agent, use the titration of the sample input of purifying microcapsule bubble and primitive plasma by the ELISA based on dull and stereotyped.By shown signal with respect to no sample (NS) reference standard.Figure 43 F shows the investigation of seven patient's samples, shows the detection from GW182:Ago2 combination in different patients' human plasma.Figure 43 G has illustrated the dependency of Argonaute in GW182 and human urine.Use microballon detection system to study the relation between people GW182 and Argonaute protein family in urine.Use five Infection in Patients ' Urine Samples, with anti-GW182 antibody capture particle, then with anti-pan Argonaute antibody test.Condition comprises original vs. cell+high speed centrifugation (hard spun) urine.
Figure 44 has illustrated and has used anti-EpCAM fit (fit 4; SEQ ID NO.1) detection microcapsule bubble colony.Use for shown in the pearl coupling antibody of microcapsule bubble surface antigen catch the vesica in patient's plasma sample.Detection agent in analyzing as microballon fluorescently-labeled fit 4.The figure illustrates the average median fluorescent value (MFI value) of three prostate cancers (C1-C3) and three normal specimens (N1-N3) in each figure.In each figure, sample is from left to right followed successively by: C1, C2, C3, N1, N2, N3.
Detailed Description Of The Invention
Herein disclosed is for characterising biological sample (as, from cell culture, organism or experimenter's sample) the method and system of phenotype.Can characterize described phenotype by assessing one or more biomarkers.Described biomarker can be associated with vesica or vesica colony, its vesica surface antigen or vesica useful load for existing.As used herein, vesica useful load comprises the entity being packaged in vesica.The biomarker that vesica is relevant can comprise membrane-bound and soluble biomarker.Described biomarker can also be circulating biological mark, for example, such as the nucleic acid of assessing in body fluid (, microRNA) or protein/polypeptide, or its functional fragment.Unless otherwise specified, mention vesica or biomarker component herein and the term " purifying " that uses or " separation " refer to these components purification and separation partially or completely from cell or organism.In addition, unless otherwise specified, the vesica separation that alleged use bonding agent carries out comprises is combined vesica with described bonding agent, and no matter whether this combination makes described vesica separate completely with other biological entities in parent material.
The method that characterizes phenotype by analysis cycle biomarker (as biological nucleic acid mark) is described in the scheme 6100A of Figure 1A, and it is non-limitative illustration example.In first step 6101, obtain biological sample, as body fluid, tissue sample or cell culture.Isolating nucleic acid 6103 from described sample.Described nucleic acid can be DNA or RNA, as microRNA.The biological marking of this phenotype can be provided the assessment of these nucleic acid.By the nucleic acid relevant to target phenotype (as before disease contrast health, treatment and after treatment) is sampled, can measure one or more nucleic acid marks as the indication of phenotype.All respects of the present invention relate to by being evaluated at one or more nucleic acid molecule (as microRNA) that exist in described sample determines the biological marking 6105, and the wherein said biological marking is corresponding to predetermined phenotype 6107.Figure 1B describes the scheme 6100B that uses vesica to determine the biological marking and/or sign phenotype in detail.In one embodiment, obtain biological sample 6102, and from described sample, separated one or more target vesicas 6104, for example, all vesicas, or from the vesica in specific cells source and/or the vesica relevant to particular disease states.Described vesica can analyze 6106 by the existence or the level that characterize the surface antigen associated with described vesica and/or measure the component (" useful load ") existing in described vesica.Unless otherwise specified, term as used herein " antigen " is commonly referred to as biomarker that can combined dose of combination, no matter described bonding agent is antibody, fit, lectin or other bonding agent for described biomarker, and no matter whether these biomarkers cause immunne response in host.Vesica useful load includes but not limited to protein (comprising peptide and polypeptide), nucleic acid (as DNA and RNA), lipid and/or carbohydrate.RNA useful load comprises messenger RNA(mRNA) (mRNA) and microRNA (being also called miRNA or miR herein).Characterize phenotype 6108 according to the biological marking of described vesica.In another illustrative method of the present invention, scheme 6100A implements to characterize phenotype together with 6100B.In such scheme, assess vesica and nucleic acid (as microRNA), thereby characterized described phenotype.
The method according to this invention, can sequentially or assess multiple biomarker simultaneously and characterize phenotype.For example, can, by detect two kinds of vesica surface antigens simultaneously, for example, use the bonding agent of catching vesica simultaneously and detecting vesica, assess the subgroup of vesica.In another example, can assess vesica subgroup by sequence detection vesica surface antigen, for example, catch vesica, and subsequently for useful load (as, mRNA, microRNA or soluble protein) assess caught vesica.In some embodiments, characterize phenotype and comprise that assessing one or more biomarkers assesses one or more other biological marks with order simultaneously.As limiting examples, can will use the vesica subgroup detecting for the bonding agent that exceedes a kind of surface antigen to carry out sorting, and can assess useful load subsequently, for example, one or more miR.The many variations that those skilled in the art will recognize that order or the assessment of biomarker simultaneously can be for characterizing phenotype.
At another related aspect, the method for finding biomarker is provided herein, it comprises vesica surface marker or the useful load mark in a sample of assessment and described mark and another sample is compared.The mark of distinguishing between described sample can be used as biomarker of the present invention.These samples can be from experimenter or subject group.For example, described group can be, for example, ill vs. normal (not ill), for known response person and the non-reactor of the given treatment of given disease or imbalance.Find that the biomarker of distinguishing described known response person and non-reactor provides biological marking treatment (such as therapeutical agent, as medicine or biological products) being responded about patient's possibility.
Phenotype
Herein disclosed is the product and the method that characterize individual phenotype by analyzing vesica (such as membrane vesicle).Phenotype can be patient's any observable feature or proterties, prognosis, physiological status or the reaction to treatment of susceptibility, disease stage or the situation of for example disease or situation, disease stage or situation stage, disease or situation.Phenotype can be caused by the impact of experimenter's genetic expression and environmental factors and the interaction between these two, and be caused by the outer genetic modification to nucleotide sequence.
Phenotype in experimenter can characterize by one or more vesicas that obtain biological sample from experimenter and analyze described sample.For example, characterize experimenter or individual phenotype and can comprise detection disease or situation (comprising that the commitment before symptom detects), determine prognosis, diagnosis or the treatment diagnosis of disease or situation, or the stage of definite disease or situation or process.Characterizing phenotype can also comprise and identify again to occur, shifts for prediction and the probability analysis, particularly disease of the suitable treatment in specified disease, situation, disease stage or situation stage or treatment effect, progression of disease and spread or palindromia.Phenotype can also be type or the hypotype of uniqueness clinically of situation or disease (for example cancer or tumour).Determining of phenotype can also be the determining of physiological situation, organ desperate situation or organ rejection's (for example transplanting afterwards) assessment.Product as herein described and method allow to assess experimenter on individual basis, and it can be provided in the benefit of the more effective and more economical decision-making in treatment.
In one aspect, the present invention relates to the analysis of biological sample with the identification of organism marking, thereby prediction experimenter possibility responds to the treatment of disease or imbalance.Characterize phenotype and comprise and predict described experimenter's respondent/without respondent's state, wherein respondent responds to the treatment of disease and reactionless to described treatment without respondent.Can in described experimenter, analyze vesica and with known, treatment be responded or responseless previous experimenter's vesica analysis compares.If the biological marking of the vesica in described experimenter and the known previous experimenter that described treatment is responded are more approaching, described experimenter can characterize or be predicted as the respondent of described treatment.Similarly, if the biological marking of the vesica in described experimenter with more approaching to the unresponsive experimenter before this of described treatment, described experimenter can characterize or be predicted as described treatment without respondent.Described treatment can be for any suitable disease, imbalance or other situation.Described method can be used for wherein and respondent/without in the known any disease situation of the biological marking of the relevant vesica of respondent's state.
Term used in the present invention " phenotype " can refer to contribute to any proterties or the feature of the biological marking of vesica, and this biology marking uses method of the present invention and identifies.For example, phenotype can be the mark that patient may respond to treatment, or more broadly its diagnosis, prognosis or treatment diagnosis that can be the biological marking of the sample survey based on for available from experimenter is determined.
In some embodiments, described phenotype comprises disease or situation, as listed in Table 1 those.For example, described phenotype can comprise the existence of tumour, vegetation or cancer or the possibility of generation tumour, vegetation or cancer.The cancer that is detected or assessed by product as herein described or method includes but not limited to mammary cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, colorectal carcinoma, hyperplastic polyp, adenoma, colorectal carcinoma, high grade dysplasia (high grade dysplasia), low dysplasia (low grade dysplasia), hyperplasia of prostate, prostate cancer, melanoma, carcinoma of the pancreas, the cancer of the brain (for example glioblastoma), hematologic malignancies, hepatocellular carcinoma, cervical cancer, carcinoma of endometrium, head and neck cancer, the esophageal carcinoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), renal cell carcinoma (RCC) or cancer of the stomach.Described colorectal carcinoma can be CRC Dukes B or CRC Dukes C-D.Described hematologic malignancies can be B cell lymphocytic leukemia, B cell lymphoma-DLBCL, B cell lymphoma-DLBCL-germinal center sample, B cell lymphoma-DLBCL-activating B cell sample and burkitt's lymphoma.
Described phenotype can be situation before cancerating, such as actinic keratosis, atrophic gastritis, leukodermia, erythroplasia, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, preleukemia, cystic fibrosis, cervical atypical hyperplasia, cervical atypism hyperplasia, xeroderma pitmentosum, Barrett esophagus, colorectal polyp or likely develop into other abnormal structure's growth or focus of malignant tumour.Also provide such as the transformant virus infection of HIV and HPV the phenotype that can assess according to the present invention.
The cancer characterizing by method of the present invention can include but not limited to, cancer knurl, sarcoma, lymphoma or leukemia, gonioma, blastoma or other cancer.Cancer knurl includes but not limited to, epithelial tumor, squamous cell tumor squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell neoplasms rodent cancer, transitional cell papilloma and cancer, adenoma and gland cancer (body of gland), adenoma, gland cancer, leather bag stomach nesidioblastoma (linitis plastica insulinoma), glucagonoma, gastrinoma, vasoactive intestinal peptide tumor, cholangiocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, adenocystic carcinoma, carcinoid of appendix knurl, prolactinoma, pyknocytoma, permitted special Lay Schwann Cells adenoma (hurthle cell adenoma), renal cell carcinoma, grawitz's tumor (grawitz tumor), multiple endocrine adenomas, uterine endometrium adenoma, annex and appendages of skin tumour, mucoepidermoid tumor, capsule, mucus and serous tumor, cystadenoma, pseudomyxoma peritonei, conduit, leaflet and medullary substance tumour, acinic cell tumor, combined epithelial tumour, fertile pungent tumour (warthin ' s tumor), thymoma, specialization sexual gland tumour, sex cords mesenchymoma, thecoma, granulosa cell tumor, arrhenoblastoma, sustenticular cell leydig cell tumor of testis, glomus tumor, chromaffinoma, pheochromocytoma, angioneuromyoma, mole and melanoma, melanocytic nevus, malignant melanoma, melanoma, NM, dysplastic nevus, pernicious mole property melanoma, superficial spreading melanoma and pernicious acra lentigo melanoma.Sarcoma includes but not limited to, Askin ' s tumour, botryoid sarcoma (botryodies), chondrosarcoma, ewing's sarcoma, malignant hemangioendothelioma, malignant schwannoma, osteosarcoma, soft tissue sarcoma, it comprises: alveolar soft part sarcoma, angiosarcoma, cystosarcoma phyllodes, dermatofibrosarcoma, fibroma durum, short desmoplastic small round cell knurl, epithelioid sarcoma, the outer chondrosarcoma of bone, the outer osteosarcoma of bone, fibrosarcoma, hemangiopericytoma, angiosarcoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, lymphangiosarcoma, lymphosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, neurofibrosarcoma, rhabdosarcoma and synovial sarcoma.Lymphoma and leukemia include but not limited to, lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma, B cell prolymphocytic leukemia, lymphoma lymphoplasmacytic (lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma) (such as
Figure BPA0000186429140000291
macroglobulinemia), splenic marginal zone lymphoma, plasma cell myeloma, plasmoma, monoclonal immunoglobulin storage disorders, heavy chain disease, also be called the lymphadenomatous extranodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma of malt, nodositas marginarium B cell lymphoma (nmzl), follicular lymphoma, lymphoma mantle cell, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, mediastinum (thymus gland) large B cell lymphoid tumor, intravascular large B cell lymphoma, lymphoma primary effusion, burkitt's lymphoma/leukemia, T cell prolymphocytic leukemia, T cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia, aggressive NK chronic myeloid leukemia, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, lymphoma extranodal NK/Tcell, nose type, enteropathy-type T cell lymphoma, liver splenic t-cell lymphoma, parent cell NK cell lymphoma, mycosis fungoides/Sai Zeli syndrome (sezary syndrome), primary cutaneous CD30 positive T cell lymphoproliferative disease, lymphoma primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell, lymphomatoid papulosis, angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma, lymphoma peripheral T cell, non-designated, primary cutaneous type, hodgkin lymphoma classical type (epiloia, cell mixing, rich lymphocyte, lymphocyte exhausts or non-exhausting) and Nodular lymphocyte be principal mode Hodgkin lymphoma.Germinoma includes but not limited to, gonioma, dysgerminoma, spermocytoma, non-gonioma sexual reproductive cell knurl, embryonal carcinoma, endodermal sinus tumor, choriocarcinoma, teratoma, polyembryoma and gonadoblastoma.Blastoma includes but not limited to, the nephroblastoma, medulloblastoma and retinoblastoma.Other cancer includes but not limited to, lip cancer, laryngocarcinoma, pharynx cancer, tongue cancer, salivary-gland carcinoma, cancer of the stomach, gland cancer, thyroid carcinoma (oblongata and papillary thyroid carcinoma), kidney, carcinoma of renal parenchyma, cervical cancer, carcinoma of uterine body, carcinoma of endometrium, choriocarcinoma, carcinoma of testis, urinary system cancer, melanoma, cerebral tumor is (as glioblastoma multiforme, astrocytoma, meningioma, medulloblastoma and peripheral neuroectodermal tumor), carcinoma of gallbladder, bronchogenic carcinoma, multiple myeloma, rodent cancer, teratoma, retinoblastoma, melanoma of choroid, spermocytoma, rhabdosarcoma, craniopharyngioma (craniopharyngeoma), osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, myosarcoma, liposarcoma, fibrosarcoma, ewing's sarcoma and plasmoma.
In further embodiment, the cancer of analyzing can be lung cancer, it comprises that nonsmall-cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer (comprise small cell carcinoma (oat-cell carcinoma), minicell/maxicell mixed carcinoma and plyability small cell carcinoma), colorectal carcinoma, mammary cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, carcinoma of the pancreas, the cancer of the brain, kidney, ovarian cancer, cancer of the stomach, skin carcinoma, osteocarcinoma, the cancer of stomach, mammary cancer, carcinoma of the pancreas, glioma, glioblastoma multiforme, hepatocellular carcinoma, papillary carcinoma kidney, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, leukemia, lymphoma, myelomatosis or noumenal tumour.
In embodiments, described cancer comprises acute lymphoblastic leukemia; Acute myelogenous leukemia; Adrenocortical carcinoma; AIDS associated cancer; AIDS associated lymphoma; Anus cancer; Appendix cancer; Astrocytoma; Atypia teratoblastoma/rhabdoid tumor; Rodent cancer; Bladder cancer; Brain stem glioma; Cerebral tumor (comprising primitive neuroectodermal tumor and pineocytoma on the pineal gland parenchymal tumor, curtain of brain stem glioma, central nervous system atypia teratoblastoma/rhabdoid tumor, central nervous system embryo's sample knurl, astrocytoma, craniopharyngioma, one-tenth ependymoblastoma, ependymoma, medulloblastoma, medulloepithelioma, moderate differentiation); Mammary cancer; Tumor of bronchus; Burkitt's lymphoma; Carcinoma of unknown primary site; Carcinoid tumor; Original site is failed to understand tumour; Central nervous system atypia teratoblastoma/rhabdoid tumor; Central nervous system Embryo tumour; Cervical cancer; Childhood cancer; Chordoma; Lymphocytic leukemia; Chronic lymphocytic leukemia; Chronic bone marrow proliferation disorder; Colorectal carcinoma; Colorectal carcinoma; Craniopharyngioma; Cutaneous T cell lymphoma; Internal secretion islet cell tumor; Carcinoma of endometrium; Become ependymoblastoma; Ependymoma; The esophageal carcinoma; Esthesioneuroblastema; Ewing's sarcoma; Extracranial germ cell knurl; Extragonadal germ cell tumor; Cholangiocarcinoma; Carcinoma of gallbladder; (stomach) cancer of stomach; Gastrointestinal associated cancers tumour; Patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors; Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST); Gestational trophoblastic tumor; Neurospongioma; Hairy cell leukemia; Head and neck cancer; Heart cancer; Hodgkin lymphoma; Hypopharyngeal carcinoma; Intraocular melanoma; Islet cell tumor; Kaposi's sarcoma; Kidney; Langerhans cell histiocytosis; Laryngocarcinoma; Lip cancer; Liver cancer; Malignant fibrous histiocytoma osteocarcinoma; Medulloblastoma; Medulloepithelioma; Melanoma; Merkel cell carcinoma; Merkel cell skin carcinoma; Mesothelioma; Hide idiopathic transitivity squamous neck cancer; Oral carcinoma; Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome; Multiple myeloma; Multiple myeloma/plasma cell tumor; Cutaneous T cell lymphoma; Myelodysplastic syndrome; Myeloproliferative tumour; CARCINOMA OF THE NASAL CAVITY; Nasopharyngeal carcinoma; Neuroblastoma; Non-Hodgkin lymphoma; Nonmelanoma skin cancer; Nonsmall-cell lung cancer; Mouth cancer; Oral carcinoma; Oropharynx cancer; Osteosarcoma; Other brain and tumor of spinal cord; Ovarian cancer; Epithelial ovarian cancer; Ovarian germ cell tumors; The low pernicious potential tumor of ovary; Carcinoma of the pancreas; Papillomatosis; Paranasal sinus cancer; Parathyroid carcinoma; Pelvic cancer; Penile cancer; Pharynx cancer; The pineal gland parenchymal tumor of moderate differentiation; Pineocytoma; Pituitary tumor; Plasma cell tumor/multiple myeloma; Pleura pulmonary blastoma; Primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma; Primary hepatocyte hepatocarcinoma; Prostate cancer; The rectum cancer; Kidney; Nephrocyte (kidney) cancer; Renal cell carcinoma; Respiratory cancer; Retinoblastoma; Rhabdosarcoma; Sialisterium cancer; S é zary syndrome; Small cell lung cancer; Carcinoma of small intestine; Soft tissue sarcoma; Squamous cell carcinoma; Squamous neck cancer; Stomach (stomach) cancer; Primitive neuroectodermal tumor on curtain; T cell lymphoma; Carcinoma of testis; Laryngocarcinoma; Thymic carcinoma; Thymoma; Thyroid carcinoma; Transitional cell carcinoma; Renal plevis and ureteral transitional cell carcinoma; Trophoblastic tumor; Carcinoma of ureter; Urethral carcinoma; Uterus carcinoma; Sarcoma of uterus; Carcinoma of vagina; Carcinoma vulvae;
Figure BPA0000186429140000311
macroglobulinemia or the nephroblastoma.Method of the present invention can be used for characterizing these and other cancer.Therefore, diagnosis, prognosis and the treatment diagnosis of one of cancer disclosed herein can be provided the sign of phenotype.
Described phenotype can also be inflammatory diseases, Immunological diseases or autoimmune disease.For example, described disease can be inflammatory bowel (IBD), Crohn disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), pelvic inflammation, vasculitis, psoriatic, diabetes, autoimmune hepatitis, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, type i diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematous (SLE), Hashimoto thyroiditis, Graves disease, ankylosing spondylitis, Siogrens disease, CREST syndrome, scleroderma, rheumatosis, organ rejection response, primary sclerosing cholangitis or Sepsis.
Described phenotype can also comprise cardiovascular disorder, for example atherosclerosis, congestive heart failure, vulnerable plaque, apoplexy or local asphyxia.Described cardiovascular disorder or situation can be hypertension, stenosis, angiemphraxis or thrombosis event.
Described phenotype can also comprise sacred disease, for example multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's disease (PD), alzheimer's disease (AD), schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, dysthymia disorders, autism, prion disease, Pick's disease, dull-witted, Huntington Chorea (HD), mongolism, cerebrovascular disease, Rasmussen encephalitis, viral meningitis, neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematous (NPSLE), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, creutzfeldt-Jacob disease, Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker disease, Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, ischemical reperfusion injury (for example apoplexy), cerebral trauma, infected by microbes or chronic fatigue syndrome.Described phenotype can also be the situation such as fibromyalgia, chronic neuropathic pain model or peripheral nerve pathologic pain.
Described phenotype can also comprise infectious diseases, for example bacterium, virus or yeast infection.For example, described disease or situation can be Whipple's disease, prion disease, liver cirrhosis, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, HIV, hepatitis, syphilis, meningitis, malaria, tuberculosis or influenza.Can assess virus protein (for example HIV or HCV sample particle) in vesica thus characterize virus status.
Described phenotype can also comprise perinatal period or relevant situation (for example aura eclampsia or premature labor), metabolic trouble or the situation (for example metabolic trouble relevant with iron metabolism or situation) of gestation.The iron that for example, can be determined in vesica is adjusted element (hepcidin) thereby sign sideropenia.Described metabolic trouble or situation can also be diabetes, inflammation or perinatal period situation.
Other diseases and imbalance that method of the present invention can be evaluated by the candidate's biology marking that comprises one or more biomarkers for characterizing these diseases and imbalance and sign.Therefore, characterize phenotype the diagnosis of one of disease disclosed herein and imbalance, prognosis or treatment diagnosis can be provided.
In each embodiment of the present invention, can comprise one or more biomarkers of one of several different mark classifications for the biological marking of any illness disclosed herein or disease, wherein said classification comprises following one or more: 1) disease specific mark; 2) cell-or tissue-specific biological mark; 3) vesica-Specific marker (for example, general vesica biomarker); 4. vasculogenesis-specific biological mark; With 5) immunomodulatory biomarker.Disclose the example of all these marks herein, and they are known to persons of ordinary skill in the art.In addition, be accredited as the effective biomarker known in the art of tool in specified disease or illness and be suitable for use as the target in the compositions and methods of the invention.In further embodiment, such biomarker can be all vesica surface markers, or the combination of vesica surface marker and vesica useful load mark (, the molecule of vesica parcel).In addition, as described herein, the biological sample of assessing can be any biofluid, maybe can comprise the single component (for example, vesica, nucleic acid, protein or its mixture) existing in such biofluid.
Experimenter
One or more vesicas (as multiple vesica) the biological sample that can obtain from experimenter by analysis are determined one or more phenotypes of experimenter.Experimenter or patient can include but not limited to Mammals, for example ox, bird, dog, horse, cat, sheep, pig or primate (comprising people and inhuman primate).Experimenter can also comprise: for example, due to important Mammals, the siberia tiger of becoming in imminent danger; Or there is the animal farm breeds animal of human consumption (for example for) of economic implications, or the mankind are there is to the animal (for example as pet or at the zoo domesticated animal) of social effect.The example of this type of animal includes but not limited to: zoophagous animal, for example cat and dog; Pig, comprises and raises pig, porker and wild boar; Ruminating animal or ungulate, for example ox, bull, sheep, giraffe, deer, goat, wild ox, camel or horse.In addition, also comprise in imminent danger or at the zoo in the bird raised; And bird, and more particularly domestic bird, that is, and poultry, for example turkey and chicken, duck, goose, guinea fowl.Also comprise domestic pig and horse (comprising horse racing).In addition, the any animal species relevant with business activity is also all included, the for example animal relevant with other activity with agricultural, water industry, the selection of conventional enforcement disease surveillance, diagnosis and therapy for the safety of economic productivity and/or food chain in described industry.
Described experimenter can suffer from disease or the situation of preexist, for example cancer.Or described experimenter can not suffer from the situation of any known preexist.Described experimenter can also be reactive, for example reactive to the treatment right and wrong of cancer to treatment the right and wrong existing or past.
Sample
The biological sample that derives from described experimenter can be any body fluid or biofluid.For example, described biological sample can include but not limited to peripheral blood for any biofluid, serum, blood plasma, ascites, urine, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), phlegm, saliva, marrow, synovia, aqueous humor, amniotic fluid, earwax, milk, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, seminal fluid (comprising prostatic fluid), examine amber liquid or the liquid of ejaculating in advance, women penetrates liquid, sweat, movement, hair, tear, capsule liquid, hydrothorax and ascites fluid, pericardial fluid, lymph liquid, food gruel, chyle, bile, interstitial fluid, menses, fester, sebum, vomitus, vaginal secretions, mucous membrane secretory product, just rare, pancreatic juice, nasal lavage fluid, broncho-pulmonary aspirated liquid or other irrigating solution.Biological sample can also comprise segmentation cavity, Cord blood or parent circulating (it can be fetal origin or maternal source).Described biological sample can also be tissue sample or biopsy sample, therefrom can obtain vesica and other circulating biological mark.For example, can cultivate the cell that derives from sample, and from described culture, separate vesica (referring to embodiment).In each embodiment, can by these biological samples directly assess biomarker disclosed by the invention and/or the biological marking (as, to nucleic acid or the existence of polypeptide biomarker or its functional fragment or the evaluation of level), it makes in all sorts of ways, such as, from blood, blood plasma, in serum or any aforementioned biological sample, extract nucleic acid molecule, use protein or antibody array to identify polypeptide (or functional fragment) biomarker, and in this area, become known for identifying and other array of assessment nucleic acid and peptide molecule, order-checking, PCR and protein technique.In addition, can first separate or these samples of enrichment in one or more compositions of existing, and further process to assess existing or level of selected biomarker, for example, assess the given biological marking.For example, can be before microcapsule bubble being carried out to somatotype for protein and/or biological nucleic acid mark, from sample separation microcapsule bubble.
Table 1 has been listed the illustrative example of disease, situation or biological condition, and the respective list of the biological sample that can analyze vesica wherein.
Table 1: for various diseases, situation or biological condition, the example of the biological sample of analyzing for vesica
Figure BPA0000186429140000341
Figure BPA0000186429140000351
Method of the present invention can be used for using blood sample or blood derivatives to characterize phenotype.Blood derivatives comprises blood plasma and serum.Blood plasma is the liquid ingredient of whole blood, and accounts for 55% of total blood volume.It is mainly made up of a small amount of mineral substance, salt, ion, nutritive substance and protein in water and solution.In whole blood, red corpuscle, white corpuscle and platelet suspension are in blood plasma.Serum refers to the blood plasma (, whole blood deducts cell and thrombin) of fibrinogen not or other thrombin.
Described biological sample can obtain by third party, such as a side of analysis who does not carry out described biomarker, is no matter direct assessment to biological sample or by one or more vesicas that derive from described biological sample are carried out to somatotype.For example, the patient's that described sample can be originated by sample clinician, doctor or other health care management personnel obtain.Or described biological sample can be obtained by the same side who analyzes vesica.In addition, the biological sample of analyzing under aseptic condition, file (as, freezing) or store.
The volume of the biological sample of analyzing for biomarker can be in the scope of 0.1-20mL, for example, lower than approximately 20,15,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1 or 0.1mL.
Humoral sample can be used as the sample that characterizes phenotype.For example, can assess to provide to the biomarker in sample diagnosis, prognosis and/or the treatment diagnosis of disease.Described biomarker can be circulating biological mark, such as circulating protein matter or nucleic acid.Described biomarker also can with vesica or vesica cluster correlation.Method of the present invention can be applicable to assess one or more vesicas, and one or more can be present in the different vesica colony in biological sample or experimenter.In biological sample, the analysis of one or more biomarkers can be used for determining whether to obtain other biological sample to analyze.For example, can contribute to determine whether to obtain biopsy sample to the analysis of one or more vesicas in humoral sample.
Sample from patient can gather under the condition for analysis subsequently at other target entity that keeps circulating biological mark and wherein comprised.In one embodiment, use CellSave Preservative Tubes (Cell Save Preservative Tube) (Veridex, North Raritan, NJ), PAXgene Blood DNA Tubes (Blood DNA Tubes) (QIAGEN GmbH, Germany) one or more and in RNAlater (QIAGEN GmbH, Germany) are processed described sample.
CellSave Preservative Tubes (CellSave pipe) is aseptic vacuum test tube.Each pipe comprises solution, and described solution comprises Na2EDTA and cell preservatives.EDTA adsorbs calcium ion, can reduce or eliminate thus coagulation of blood.Described preservatives keeps the form of epithelial cell and other cell and cell-surface antigens to express.Described acquisition and processing is implemented in description in the scheme that can provide according to manufacturers.Each pipe is through emptying to extract vein whole blood, and it carries out according to standard bloodletting program known to those of skill in the art.CellSave pipe is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,466,574; 5,512,332; 5,597,531; 5,698,271; 5,985,153; 5,993,665; 6,120,856; 6,136,182; 6,365,362; 6,551,843; 6,620,627; 6,623,982; 6,645,731; 6,660,159; 6,790,366; 6,861,259; 6,890,426; 7,011,794; 7,282,350; 7,332,288; In 5,849,517 and 5,459,073, it is incorporated to herein in full with way of reference separately.
Described PAXgene Blood DNA pipe (PAXgene pipe) is the plastic vacuum pipe for gathering the whole blood that separate nucleic acid uses.The transportation that this pipe can be used for blood collection, whole blood sample and storage and to the separating of the nucleic acid that wherein comprised, as DNA or RNA.Blood enters in the valve tube that comprises additive with the bloodletting scheme collection of standard.Described acquisition and processing is implemented in description in the scheme that can provide according to manufacturers.PAXgene pipe is disclosed in U.S. Patent application No.5,906,744; 4,741,446; In 4,991,4,991,104, it is all incorporated to herein with way of reference separately in full.
Described RNAlater RNA Stabilization Reagent (RNAlater) is for carrying out direct stabilization to the RNA of tissue.RNA may be unsettled in the sample of results.Water-based RNAlater reagent infiltration tissue and other biological sample, the RNA that stable and protection wherein comprised thus.This protection contributes to guarantee that downstream analysis is reflected in the rna expression feature in this tissue or other sample.After collection, immediately described sample is immersed in the RNAlater reagent of proper volume.Described acquisition and processing is implemented in description in the scheme that can provide according to manufacturers.According to manufacturers, described reagent keeps RNA to reach 1 day most at 37 ℃, and at 18-25 ℃ 7 days or at 2-8 ℃ 4 weeks, thus allow without liquid nitrogen or dry ice, sample is processed, transports, stored and transports.Described sample also can be placed at-20 ℃ or-80 ℃, the storage of for example filing.The sample of preserving can be used for analyzing the RNA of any type, includes but not limited to total RNA, mRNA and microRNA.RNAlater also can be used for gathering the sample that can be used for DNA, RNA and protein analysis.RNAlater is disclosed in U.S. Patent application No.5, and in 346,994, it is respectively incorporated to herein in full with way of reference.
Except as otherwise noted, otherwise described biological sample of the present invention is interpreted as the sample that comprises contain another biological sample separation, that exhaust, enrichment, derivatives that separate or other processing.As limiting examples, can separate the composition of patient's sample or cell culture and be resuspended to damping fluid for further analysis from patient's sample or cell culture.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the derivative composition suspending in damping fluid be can the method according to this invention the biological sample of assessment.Described composition can be any useful biological entities disclosed herein or known in the art, includes but not limited to circulating biological mark, vesica, protein, nucleic acid, lipid or carbohydrate.Described biological sample can be biological entities, includes but not limited to circulating biological mark, vesica, protein, nucleic acid, lipid or carbohydrate.
Vesica
Method of the present invention can comprise one or more vesicas of assessment, and it comprises assessment vesica colony.As used herein, vesica is the membrane vesicle coming off from cell.Vesica or membrane vesicle include but not limited to: circulation microcapsule bubble (cMV), microcapsule bubble, exosome, nano vesicle, dendritic cell born of the same parents ectosome (dexosome), bubble, blister, Prostasomes, particulate, tube chamber intracellular vesicle, membrane-bound fragment, endosome vesica in tube chamber, endosome sample vesica, exocytosis vesica, endosome vesica, the vesica of endosome, apoptotic body, many vesicas body, secretion vesica, phospholipid capsule bubble, liposome vesicle, argosome, texasome, secresome, resistance to body (tolerosome), melanosome, the vesica of cancer-bodies (oncosome) or exocytosis.In addition, although vesica can produce by different cell processes, method of the present invention is not limited to or depends on any mechanism, as long as these vesicas are present in biological sample and can characterize by method disclosed by the invention.Unless otherwise specified, otherwise use the method for the vesica of a certain kind to can be applicable to the vesica of other type.Vesica comprises ball-like structure, and it has the double-layer of lipoid that is similar to cytolemma around inner chamber, and described inner chamber is called as the soluble component of useful load can include time.In some embodiments, method of the present invention has been used exosome, and it is the little secretion vesica of diameter 40-100nm.For the summary of membrane vesicle (comprising type and character) referring to Thery etc., Nat Rev Immunol.2009 August; 9 (8): 581-93.The properties of dissimilar vesica comprises the character in table 2:
Table 2: vesica character
Figure BPA0000186429140000381
Abbreviation: phosphatidylserine (PPS); Electron microscopy (EM)
Vesica comprises that the film coming off is in conjunction with particle, or claims " particulate ", and it stems from plasma membrane or inner membrance.Vesica can discharge into extracellular environment from cell.Discharge that the cell of vesica includes but not limited to be derived from or derived from ectoderm, entoderm or mesoblastic cell.Can there is heredity, environment and/or other variation or variation arbitrarily in described cell.For example, described cell can be tumour cell.Vesica can reflect any variation of derived cell, and reflect therefrom cells of origin (as, there is the cell of various genetic mutations) in variation.In a kind of mechanism, when the fragment of cytolemma is spontaneously caved in and during finally by exocytosis, vesica generates (for example, referring to Keller etc., Immunol.Lett.107 (2): 102-8 (2006)) in cell.Vesica also comprises the structure of the cell source of bilayer lipid membrane institute combination, it is separated by turn up (foaming) given prominence to and the sealing of plasma membrane part is produced, or any cell inner membrance by the membrane bound protein that comprises various tumours source generates in conjunction with the output of imitated vesicle structure, wherein said membrane bound protein comprises the surface bonding molecule that is derived from host's circulation, this molecular selectivity ground is in conjunction with tumour source protein matter and be included in the molecule in vesica chamber, and it includes but not limited to microRNA or intracellular protein that tumour is derivative.Bubble and bubble at Charras etc., Nature Reviews Molecular and Cell Biology, p.730-736 the 9th volume Chapter 11, have further description in (2008).From tumour cell come off enter circulation or body fluid in vesica can be referred to as " circulating tumor source vesica ".In the time that this vesica is exosome, it can be called as circulating tumor source exosome (CTE).In some cases, vesica can be derived from specific cells source.CTE, as cell source specificity vesica, generally has one or more unique biomarkers, its allow described CTE or cell source specificity vesica for example from body fluid separate and some time separate in specificity mode.For example, use cell or tissue Specific marker with identification of cell source.Herein disclosed is the example of these cell or tissue Specific markers and its and can further see that tissue-specific gene is expressed and regulation and control (TiGER) databases (Tissue-specific Gene Expression and Regulation Database), it can be available from bioinfo.wilmer.ihu.edu/tiger/; Liu etc. (2008) TiGER:a database for tissue-specific gene expression and regulation.BMC Bioinformatics.9:271; Tissue distribution database (TissueDistributionDB), can be available from genome.dkfz-heidelberg.de/menu/tissue_db/index.html.
Vesica can have the diameter that exceedes about 10nm, 20nm or 30nm.Vesica can have the 40nm of exceeding, 50nm, 100nm, 200nm, 500nm, 1000nm, 1500nm, 2000nm or exceed the diameter of 10,000nm.Vesica can have the diameter of about 20-2000nm, about 20-1500nm, about 30-1000nm, about 30-800nm, about 30-200nm or about 30-100nm.In some embodiments, described vesica has lower than 10,000nm, 2000nm, 1500nm, 1000nm, 800nm, 500nm, 200nm, 100nm, 50nm, 40nm, 30nm, 20nm or the diameter lower than 10nm.The term " about " using in the time mentioning numerical value herein means to belong in the scope of specified numerical value higher or lower than the variation of described numerical value 10%.The typical sizes of various types of vesicas is shown in table 2.Can assess vesica to measure the diameter of single vesica or multiple vesicas.For example, can measure the diameter range of vesica colony or the mean diameter of vesica colony.Vesica diameter can use method assessment as known in the art, as, such as the such imaging technique of electron microscopy.In one embodiment, use optical particle detection (optical particle detection) to measure the diameter of one or more vesicas.The United States Patent (USP) 7,751,053 that is entitled as " Optical Detection and Analysis of Particles " of for example, authorizing referring on July 6th, 2010; And the United States Patent (USP) 7,399,600 that is entitled as " Optical Detection and Analysis ofParticles " of mandate on July 15th, 2010.
In some embodiments, in the case of do not have the separation in advance of biological sample, purifying or concentrated directly from described biological sample analysis vesica.For example, the vesica amount in sample itself can provide the biological marking, and it provides determining of diagnosis, prognosis or treatment diagnosis.Or, can before analysis, from sample, separate, catch, vesica in purifying or concentrating sample.As described, the separation that uses herein, catch or purifying comprises that the part of separating with other component in sample separates, part is caught or partial purification.Vesica separates can use various technology implementation as herein described, as, chromatogram, filtration, centrifugal, flow cytometry, affinity capture (as, capture plane or pearl) and/or use micro-fluidic technologies.
Can assess vesica if exosome is to provide phenotype to characterize by vesica feature and reference are compared.In some embodiments, assessed the surface antigen on vesica.Described surface antigen can provide the anatomy origin of vesica and/or the indication of cell, and other phenotype information, as neoplastic state.For example, the surface antigen assess patient sample that wherein exists for indication colorectum source and cancer (as, body fluid, such as blood, serum or blood plasma) in the vesica of discovery.Described surface antigen can comprise any informedness biological entities that can detect on vesica film surface, and it includes but not limited to surface protein, lipid, carbohydrate and other membrane component.For example, can represent that to the positive detection of the colon source vesica of expressing tumour antigen described patient suffers from colorectal carcinoma.Accordingly, method of the present invention can be used for any disease or the situation that sign is relevant to anatomy or origin of cell, and it is by assessment, for example, completes available from the disease specific of one or more vesicas of experimenter and cell-specific biomarker.
In another embodiment, assess to provide phenotype to characterize to one or more vesica useful loads.The useful load of vesica is included in detectable any informedness biological entities in situation about being encapsulated in described vesica, it includes but not limited to protein and nucleic acid, as, genomic or cDNA, mRNA or its functional fragment, and microRNA (miR).In addition, method of the present invention relates to and detects vesica surface antigen (carry out or gets rid of vesica useful load) so that phenotype sign to be provided beyond vesica useful load.For example, can use for the specific bonding agent of vesica surface antigen (as antibody or fit) and identify vesica, and the vesica that can further assess combination is to identify one or more useful load components that wherein disclose.According to described herein, there is target surface antigens or have target effective load vesica level can with reference to comparing to characterize phenotype.For example, and with reference to contrast, cancer relevant surfaces antigen or vesica useful load (as Tumor-assaciated mRNA or microRNA) crossing in sample express can indicate as described in the existence of cancer in sample.According to the selection of required target sample and target sample and the desirable comparison with reference to sample, the biomarker of assessing can exist or not exist, improve or reduce.The unrestricted example of target sample comprises: disease; Treatment/not treatment; Different time points, as in longitudinal research; And the unrestricted example with reference to sample: non-disease; Different time points; And sensitivity or resistance to candidate therapeutic.
MicroRNA
Can in biological sample or the vesica available from this class biological sample, assess various biomarker molecules.MicroRNA comprises a class biomarker of assessing by method of the present invention.Also the microRNA that is called in this article miRNA or miR is the short rna chain that is about 21-23 Nucleotide.MiRNA is by genes encoding, and it is transcribed by DNA but does not translate becomes protein and therefore comprise non-coding RNA.MiR processes the short loop-stem structure for being called front miRNA (pre-miRNA) by the primary transcript that is called former miRNA (pri-miRNA), and is finally processed into obtained strand miRNA.Front miRNA is generally formed on the structure of going back to self in autologous complementary region.These structures are processed by nuclease DIcer subsequently in animal, or are processed by DCL1 in plant.Ripe miRNA molecule and one or more messenger RNA(mRNA)s (mRNA) molecular moiety ground are complementary and can bring into play the function that regulation protein is translated.Can be openly obtaining in available database, such as www.microRNA.org, www.mirbase.org or www.mirz.unibas.ch/cgi/miRNA.cgi through the miRNA sequence of identifying.
Conventionally according to UNC " mir-[numeral] " and give numbering to miRNA.The numbering of miRNA is set according to its order of discovery with respect to the miRNA kind of identifying before this.For example, if the last miRNA announcing is mir-121, next found miRNA will be named as mir-122, etc.In the time that miRNA is found from known miRNA homology from different organisms, its name can provide [organism identifier]-mir-[numeral] the optional organism identifier symbol of form.Identifier comprises for homo sapiens's hsa with for the mmu of mouse.For example, people's homologue of mir-121 can be described as hsa-mir-121, and mouse homologue can be described as mmu-mir-121 and rat homologue can be described as mo-mir-121 etc.
Ripe microRNA is given prefix " miR " conventionally, and gene or precursor miRNA are given prefix " mir ".For example, mir-121 is the precursor of miR-121.In the time that the miRNA of difference gene or precursor are formed to identical ripe miRNA, described gene/precursor can be described by the suffix of numbering.For example, mir-121-1 and mir121-2 can refer to be formed to different genes or the precursor of miR-121.Letter suffix is for indicating the mature sequence being closely related.For example, mir-121a and mir-121b can be formed to respectively the miRNA miR-121a and the miR-121b that are closely related.In situation of the present invention, any microRNA (miRNA or miR) that uses prefix mir-* or miR-* to censure is herein considered to contain precursor and/or ripe kind, unless clearly stated separately.
Sometimes observe two kinds of ripe miRNA sequences and stem from identical precursor.When one of sequence is than another kind more when horn of plenty, " * " suffix can be used for the more uncommon variant of indication.For example, miR-121 should be main product, and miR-121* is the more uncommon variant of finding on the relative arm of precursor.If unidentified go out main variant, can distinguish described miR by the suffix of the variant for from precursor 5 ' arm " 5p " and for the suffix " 3p " of the variant from 3 ' arm.For example, miR-121-5p stems from 5 ' arm of precursor, and miR-121-3p stems from 3 ' arm.In more uncommon situation, 5p and 3p variant are called as respectively justice (" s ") and antisense (" as ") form.For example, miR-121-5p can be described as miR-121-s, and miR-121-3p can be described as miR-121-as.
Above-mentioned UNC has occurred in time to develop and has been general guidance but not absolute regulation.For example, the let-of miRNA and lin-family continue to use these titles to refer to.Mir/miR convention for precursor/mature form is still governing principle, and should consider context is to determine which kind of form that refers to.The further details of miR name is found in www.mirbase.org or Ambros etc., A uniform system for microRNA annotation, RNA9:277-279 (2003).
Mirnas of plant is followed different UNCs, and it is described in Meyers etc., Plant Cell.200820 (12): in 3186-3190.
In gene regulating, relate to a large amount of miRNA, and miRNA is a part for ever-increasing non-coding RNA classification, it is considered to the main level of Gene Handling now.In some cases, miRNA can disturb translation by the regulatory site embedding in 3 of its said target mrna '-UTR, thereby has caused checking of translation.Target identification relates to the complementary base of the seed region (the 2-8 position of described miRNA5 ' end) of target site and this miRNA matches, although the levels of precision of seed complementarity is not measured exactly and can be by 3 ' and match and change.In other cases, miRNA and siRNA (siRNA) are brought into play function similarly, and the mRNA sequence that is incorporated into complete complementary is to destroy target transcript.
The sign of multiple miRNA shows that they affect various procedures, comprise early development, cell proliferation and necrocytosis, apoptosis and metabolism of fat.For example, shown that some miRNA (such as lin-4, let-7, mir-14, mir-23 and bantam) plays a crucial role in cytodifferentiation and tissue development.Other miRNA it is believed that because the room and time expression pattern of they difference has similar important effect.
Can available from the miRNA database of miRBase (www.mirbase.org) comprise deliver miRNA sequence and annotation can searching database.Further information about miRBase is found in following article, each article is incorporated to herein in full by reference: Griffiths-Jones etc., miRBase:tools for microRNA genomics.NAR200836 (Database Issue): D154-D158; Griffiths-Jones etc., miRBase:microRNA sequences, targets and gene nomenclature.NAR200634 (Database Issue): D140-D144; And Griffiths-Jones, S.The microRNA Registry.NAR200432 (Database Issue): D109-D111.Representative miRNA was contained in the 16th phase (Release16) of miRBase, and it can obtain from June, 2010.
According to described herein, the known participation cancer of microRNA and Other diseases and can assess for characterizing the phenotype in sample.For example, referring to, Ferracin etc., Micromarkers:miRNAs in cancer diagnosis and prognosis, Exp Rev Mol Diag, in April, 2010, the 10th volume, the 3rd phase, 297-308 page; Fabbri, miRNAs molecular biomarkers of cancer, Exp Rev Mol Diag, in May, 2010, the 10th volume, the 4th phase, 435-444 page.The technology that separates and characterize vesica and miR it is known to those skilled in the art that.Except method provided herein, other method is found in the U.S. Patent No. 7 that is entitled as " METHODS FOR ASSESSING RNA PATTERNS " of authorizing on February 15th, 2011, 888, 035, and on November 30th, 2010 submit to be entitled as " METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR ISOLATING, STORING, AND ANALYZING VESICLES " international patent application No.PCT/US2010/058461 and on January 13rd, 2011 submit to the PCT/US201I/021160 that is entitled as " DETECTION OF GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS ", each application is incorporated to herein in full by reference.
Circulating biological mark
Circulating biological mark is included in detectable biomarker in body fluid (as blood, blood plasma, serum).The example of circulation biomarker for cancer comprises the prostate specific antigen (PSA) of serum cardiac troponin T (cTnT), prostate cancer and the CA125 of ovarian cancer.Circulating biological mark of the present invention comprises the arbitrarily suitable biomarker that can detect in body fluid, and it includes but not limited to protein, nucleic acid (as DNA, mRNA and microRNA), lipid, carbohydrate and metabolite.Circulating biological mark can comprise the biomarker not combining with cell, such as membrane-bound, be embedded in part in membrane-bound fragment, biological composite or be free on the biomarker in solution.In one embodiment, circulating biological mark is the biomarker relevant to one or more vesicas that exist in patient's biological liquid.
Identify the circulating biological mark for characterizing various phenotypes.For example,, referring to Ahmed N etc., Proteomic-based identification of haptoglobin-1precursor as a novel circulating biomarker of ovarian cancer.Br.J.Cancer2004; Mathelin etc., Circulating proteinic biomarkers and breast cancer, the Gynecol Obstet Fertil.2006 7-8 month; 34 (7-8): 638-46.2006 electronic publishing on July 28; Ye etc., Recent technical strategies to identify diagnostic biomarkers for ovarian cancer.Expert Rev Proteomics.2007 February; 4 (1): 121-31; Camey, Circulating oncoproteins HER2/neu, EGFR and CAIX (MN) as novel cancer biomarkers.Expert Rev Mol Diagn.2007 May; 7 (3): 309-19; Gagnon, Discovery and application of protein biomarkers for ovarian cancer, Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol.2008 February; 20 (1): 9-13; Pasterkamp etc., Immune regulatory cells:circulating biomarker factories in cardiovascular disease.Clin Sci (Lond) .2008 August; 115 (4): 129-31; Fabbri, miRNAs molecular biomarkers of cancer, Exp Rev Mol Diag, in May, 2010, Vol.10, No.4,435-444 page; PCT patent publication No. WO/2007/088537; United States Patent (USP) 7,745,150 and 7,655,479; U.S. Patent Publication No. 20110008808,20100330683,20100248290,20100222230,20100203566,20100173788,20090291932,20090239246,20090226937,20090111121,20090004687,20080261258,20080213907,20060003465,20050124071 and 20040096915, each open being incorporated to by reference in full herein.
Vesica enrichment
Can be before analyzing and/or during separation, purifying, concentrated or additionally enrichment vesica or vesica colony.Unless otherwise specified, mention vesica or biomarker component herein and the term " purifying " that uses or " separation " or similar term intention comprise these components from the part of cell or organism or purification and separation completely.The analysis of vesica can comprise the amount of one or more vesica colonies of quantitative biological sample.For example, can carry out quantitatively the heterogeneous population of vesica, or can be separated by the heterogeneous population of vesica the vesica colony (for example there is particular organisms marker profile, the specific biological marking or be derived from the vesica colony of specific cell type) of homogeneous, and carry out quantitatively.As described herein, vesica analysis can also comprise quantitatively or detect qualitatively one or more specific biomarkers distribution or biological markings of vesica.
Vesica for example can store and file in biofluid storehouse (bio-fluid bank), and fetches as required for analyzing.In addition, vesica can also be by being separated and obtained by the biological sample of collection or storage in the experimenter of live body or death before.In addition, vesica can be by according to King etc., and the biological sample of collecting described in Breast Cancer Res7 (5): 198-204 (2005) separates and obtains.Vesica can be obtained by the sample separation of filing or store.Or vesica can obtain and without storing or filing sample and analyzing by separating in biological sample.In addition, third party can obtain or store described biological sample, or obtains or store described vesica for analyzing.
The vesica colony of enrichment can be obtained by biological sample.For example, can catch with size exclusion chromatography, density gradient centrifugation, differential centrifugation, nanometer film ultrafiltration, immunosorption, affinity purification, microfluidic separation or their combination come concentrated from biological sample or separate vesica.
Can use size exclusion chromatography (example gel infiltration post), centrifugal or density gradient centrifugation and filter method.For example, can pass through differential centrifugation, anionresin and/or gel permeation chromatography (for example, in U.S. Patent No. 6,899,863 and 6,812, described in 023), sucrose density gradient, organoid electrophoresis (for example, in U.S. Patent No. 7,198, described in 923), Magnetic activated cell sorting art (MACS) or nanometer film ultrafiltration and concentration device separate vesica.Can also use the various combinations of separation or concentration method.
High-abundance proteins matter (for example albumin and immunoglobulin (Ig)) may hinder vesica separating from biological sample.For example, can come to separate vesica from biological sample by the system of having utilized Multiple Antibodies, described antibody for example, be specific for existing rich in protein in biological sample (blood).This system can be removed some protein once, shows thus more low-abundance material, the specific vesica of for example cell source.
Such system can be for for example, separating vesica from biological sample (blood, cerebrospinal fluid or urine).In addition can also pass through at J Proteome Res2004 such as Chromy; The removal method of the high-abundance proteins matter described in 3:1120-1127 strengthens the separation of vesica in biological sample.In another embodiment, can also be according to Zhang etc., Mol Cell Proteomics2005; Use glycopeptide described in 4:144-155 is caught removal serum protein, and strengthens the separation of Xiang Pao in biological sample.In addition, can be as Proc Natl Acad Sci U SA such as Pisitkun, 2004; Described in 101:13368-13373 by differential centrifugation, then contact to separate for example, vesica from biological sample (urine) with the antibody of the epi-position for tenuigenin or anti cytoplasmic.
Can also be by using sonication (for example, by applying ultrasonic wave), stain remover, other film activator or their any combination to strengthen separation or the enrichment of vesica in biological sample.For example, ultrasonic energy can be applied to potential tumor sites, and be not limited by theory, can increase the release of vesica in tissue, thereby can analyze or assess the vesica colony from the enrichment of biological sample by one or more methods disclosed herein.
Sample preparation
By the method (separation as affine in antibody) of detection circulating biological mark described herein, can use if desired various concentrated or separable programmings to optimize the consistence of acquired results.These steps can comprise stirring (such as vibration or vortex), different isolation technique (such as based on polymkeric substance as the separation of PEG) and filter and other step during be concentrated into different levels.Those skilled in the art should understand, and these processing can be carried out containing each different steps of the sample of vesica at test pack.In one embodiment, described sample self (as, body fluid, such as blood plasma or serum) carry out vortex.In some embodiments, after one or more sample preparation steps (separating as, vesica) are carried out, described sample is carried out to vortex.Can in some or all suitable sample preparation steps, stir as required.Additive be can in each different step, introduce to improve described processing, for example, gathering or the degraded of target organism mark controlled.
Also can be as required by using sample described in various different agent treated to optimize described result.These reagent comprise additive for controlling gathering or for regulating the additive of pH or ionic strength.Control the additive of assembling comprise encapsulant (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), milk or (without BSA encapsulant; Production code member SG02, Surmodics, Eden Prairie, MN)), chaotropic agent (example hydrochloric acid guanidine) and stain remover or tensio-active agent.Available ionic detergent comprises sodium lauryl sulphate (SDS, Sodium Lauryl Sulphate BP/USP (SLS)), laureth sodium sulfate (SLS, Zetesol NL (SLES)), Texapon Special (ALS), Cetrimonium Bromide (cetrimonium bromide), cetrimonium chloride (cetrimonium chloride), cetrimonium stearate (cetrimonium stearate) etc.Available nonionic (zwitter-ion) stain remover comprises polyoxyethylene glycol, polysorbate20 (being also called polysorbas20), other polysorbate class (as 40,60,65,80 etc.), Triton-X (as X100, X114), 3-[(3-courage amido propyl) dimethylamino]-1-propanesulfonic acid (CHAPS), CHAPSO, Septochol, Sodium desoxycholate, NP-40, glucosides class, octyl group-glucosinolate, maltoside etc.In some embodiments, Pluronic F-68 (a kind of tensio-active agent that reduces platelet aggregation that shows) be used to separate and/or detection period between pack processing containing the sample of vesica.F68 can use under 0.1% to 10% concentration, for example, and 1%, 2.5% or 5% concentration.Can use various acid, alkali, buffer reagent or salt to regulate pH and/or the ionic strength of described solution, it includes but not limited to, salt solution (TBS), sodium phosphate, Repone K, potassiumphosphate, Trisodium Citrate and salt solution-Trisodium Citrate (SSC) buffer reagent of sodium-chlor (NaCl), phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (PBS), tris buffering.In some embodiments, add NaCl, for example 1%, 2.5% or 5% ultimate density with 0.1% to 10% concentration.In some embodiments, add polysorbas20, for example 0.05%, 0.25% or 0.5% ultimate density with 0.005% to 2% concentration.Comprise inert protein for encapsulant of the present invention, as milk-protein, degreasing dry milk albumen (non-fat dry milk protein), albumin, BSA, casein or serum, such as new-born calf serum (NBCS), lowlenthal serum, rabbit anteserum or salmon serum.Described protein can 0.1% to 10% concentration add, as 1%, 2%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9% or 10% concentration.In some embodiments, BSA adds with 0.1% to 10% concentration, as 1%, 2%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9% or 10% concentration.In one embodiment, process described sample according to the method providing in the U.S. Patent application 11/632946 of submitting on July 13rd, 2005, this application is incorporated to herein in full by reference.Can use commercially available encapsulant, such as SuperBlock, StartingBlock, Protein-Free from Pierce (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Rockford, the branch of IL).In some embodiments, with 0.1% to 10% concentration add SSC/ stain remover (as, there is the 20X SSC of the Triton-X100 of 0.5% polysorbas20 or 0.1%), for example, with 1.0% or 5.0% concentration.
Can use as required the method for various various combination optimum detection vesicas He other circulating biological mark of scheme as herein described and processing.Can be by the various various combination optimum detection schemes of stirring, separation method and additive.In some embodiments, before separating step and afterwards vortex patient sample, and use encapsulant (comprising BSA and/or F68) to process described sample.These processing can reduce the formation of large aggregation or protein or other bioclastic, and therefore more consistent detected result output is provided.
Filter and ultrafiltration
Can collect the retentate that comprises vesica and separate vesica from described biological sample by filtering with filtration module from experimenter's biological sample and from described filtration module, thereby from biological sample, separate vesica.Described method can comprise, filters the biological sample from experimenter, and collect the retentate that comprises vesica from described filtration module by the filtration module that comprises strainer, separates vesica thus from described biological sample.In one embodiment, described strainer is held back the molecule that exceedes approximately 100 kilodaltons.
Described method can further comprise the biological marking of measuring vesica.Described method also can further comprise retentate is applied to multiple substrate, wherein each substrate is coupled to one or more trapping agents, and trapping agent or trapping agent that each subgroup of described multiple substrate comprises another subgroup that is different from described multiple substrate combine.
The method of the biological marking of the vesica in working sample is also provided herein, it comprises: filter from experimenter's the biological sample of suffering from illness by filtration module, collect the retentate that comprises one or more vesicas from described filtration module, and measure the biological marking of described one or more vesicas.In one embodiment, described filtration module comprises the strainer of holding back the molecule that exceedes approximately 100 or 150 kilodaltons.
Method disclosed herein can further comprise the phenotype that characterizes experimenter, and it,, by filtering the biological sample from experimenter with filtration module, collects the retentate that comprises one or more vesicas from described filtration module; Detect the biological marking of described one or more vesicas; And realize according to described biological marking sign patient's phenotype, wherein characterize the sensitivity with at least 70%.In some embodiments, characterize the amount of measuring one or more vesicas with the described biological marking that comprises.In addition, described sign can have approximately 80% to 100% sensitivity.
Method for the multiple analysis of multiple vesica is also provided herein.In some embodiments, described method comprises by filtration module and filters the biological sample from patient; Collect the retentate that comprises described multiple vesica from described filtration module; Described multiple vesica is applied to multiple trapping agent, and wherein said multiple trapping agent is coupled to multiple substrates, and another subgroup difference mark of each subgroup of described multiple substrates and described multiple substrate; Catch at least one subgroup of described multiple vesica; And determine the biological marking at least one subgroup of the described vesica that is hunted down.In one embodiment, each substrate is coupled to one or more trapping agents, and each subgroup of described multiple substrates comprises and compares the combination of different trapping agents or trapping agent from another subgroup of described multiple substrates.In some embodiments, at least one subgroup intrinsic ground mark of described multiple substrates, as comprise one or more marks.Described substrate can be particle or pearl, or its arbitrary combination.In some embodiments, strainer is held back the molecule that exceedes 9,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100,150,200,250,300,350,400,450 or 500 kilodaltons.In one embodiment, described filtration module comprises strainer, and it holds back the molecule that exceedes approximately 100 or 150 kilodaltons.In one embodiment, described filtration module comprise hold back exceed approximately 9,20, the strainer of the molecule of 100 or 150 kilodaltons.
In some embodiments, comprise by filtration module and filter the biological sample from experimenter for the method for the multiple analysis of multiple vesica, wherein said filtration module comprises the strainer of holding back the molecule that exceedes approximately 100 kilodaltons; Collect the retentate that comprises described multiple vesica from described filtration module; Described multiple vesica is applied to multiple trapping agent, and wherein said multiple trapping agent is coupled to microarray; On described microarray, catch at least one subgroup of described multiple vesica; And determine the biological marking at least one subgroup of caught vesica.In some embodiments, strainer is held back the molecule that exceedes 9,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100,150,200,250,300,350,400,450 or 500 kilodaltons.In one embodiment, described filtration module comprises strainer, and it holds back the molecule that exceedes approximately 100 or 150 kilodaltons.In one embodiment, described filtration module comprises strainer, its hold back exceed approximately 9,20, the molecule of 100 or 150 kilodaltons.
Can before separating by filtration, purify described biological sample.Purification comprises optionally removes cell debris and other unwanted materials.For example, can remove cell debris and other compositions that may disturb circulating biological marker detection.Described purification can be undertaken by low-speed centrifugal, all 5,000 × g according to appointment, 4,000 × g, 3,000 × g, 2,000 × g, 1,000 × g or lower.Subsequently the biological sample of the supernatant liquor that comprises described vesica or purification is collected and filtered with from described decontamination of biological sample separation vesica.In some embodiments, biological sample did not purify before by filtering separation vesica.
In some embodiments, do not use high speed centrifugation from sample separation vesica, as ultracentrifugation.For example, separation may not need to use all 100,000 × g according to appointment or higher centrifugal speed.In some embodiments, used the centrifugal speed lower than 50,000 × g, 40,000 × g, 30,000 × g, 20,000 × g, 15,000 × g, 12,000 × g or 10,000 × g from sample separation vesica.
Multiple applicable filter configurations can be for filtering target sample.In some embodiments, for being the filter core based on fiber from the filtration module of biological sample partitioning cycle biomarker.For example, described fiber can be the polymer fiber of hollow, as polypropylene hollow fiber.Can such as the such pumping unit of peristaltic pump, sample fluid (such as biofluid disclosed by the invention) pumping be entered to described filtration module by using, thereby biological sample is introduced in described module.Flow rate pump is variable, and all according to appointment 0.25,0.5,1,1.5,2,2.5,3,3.5,4,4.5,5,6,7,8,9 or 10mL/ minute.Can be according to the configuration of filtration module, for example, size and throughput, regulate flow velocity.
Described filtration module can be film filter module.For example, described film filter module can comprise filter disc film, such as hydrophilic poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) the filter disc film being assemblied in stir chamber instrument (as comprising magnetic stirring apparatus).In some embodiments, described sample is because the pressure gradient of setting up at described filter membrane either side is passed through strainer.
Described strainer can comprise the material with low hydrophobic adsorptivity and/or high water-wet behavior.For example, described strainer can have the mean pore size and the hydrophilic surface that retain vesica and see through most protein, limit protein matter absorption thus.For example, described strainer can comprise select free polypropylene, PVDF, polyethylene, fluorinated ethylene propylene, Mierocrystalline cellulose, Cellulose diacetate, polyvinyl alcohol and ethylene-vinyl alcohol ( kuraray Co., Okayama, Japan) material of group of composition.Other material can be used in strainer includes but not limited to, polysulfones and polyethersulfone.
Described filtration module can have to hold back and exceedes approximately 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 250, 300, the strainer of the molecule of 400 or 500 kilodaltons (kDa), such as having approximately 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 250, 300, 400 or the strainer of the MWCO (weight shutoff value) of 500kDa.Can use the ultra-filtration membrane of the MWCO scope with 9kDa, 20kDa and/or 150kDa.In some embodiments, the filters in filtration module is had an appointment 0.01 μ m to the mean pore size of approximately 0.15 μ m, and in some embodiments, has the mean pore size of approximately 0.05 μ m to approximately 0.12 μ m.In some embodiments, described this filter has the mean pore size of approximately 0.06 μ m, 0.07 μ m, 0.08 μ m, 0.09 μ m, 0.1 μ m, 0.11 μ m or 0.2 μ m.
Described filtration module can be commercially available post, such as being generally used for proteins concentrate or for example, post for separating of protein (, ultrafiltration).Example includes but not limited to, from the post of Millpore (Billerica, MA), such as
Figure BPA0000186429140000501
centrifugal filter, or from
Figure BPA0000186429140000502
the post of (Rockford, IL), such as Pierce Concentrator filter for installation.From the available post of Pierce comprise there is 9kDa, the disposable ultrafiltration centrifugal device of the MWCO of 20kDa and/or 150kDa.These thickeners are by forming with the high-performance regenerated cellulose film of circular cone device welding.Described strainer can be as United States Patent (USP) 6,269, describes in 957 or 6,357,601, and two applications are all incorporated to herein in full by reference.
Can collect the retentate that comprises separated vesica from described filtration module.Can collect this retentate by rinsing described retentate from described strainer.Not bound by theory, select to have the strainer composition of water-wetted surface characteristic and thus the absorption of limit protein matter can be used for collecting more simply described retentate and the use of collection technique harsh or consuming time be down to minimum.
Can further describe as the present invention, subsequently collected retentate is used for to analysis subsequently, such as the biological marking of one or more vesicas in the described retentate of assessment.Can on collected retentate, directly implement described analysis.Or, can before one or more vesicas are analyzed, further concentrate or the collected retentate of purifying.For example, can use that size exclusion chromatography, density gradient centrifugation, differential centrifugation, immunosorption are caught, affinity purification, microfluidic separation or their combination, describe such as the present invention, further concentrate described retentate or from described retentate, further separate vesica.In some embodiments, described retentate can carry out another step filtration.Or, using strainer to separate before vesica, with size exclusion chromatography, density gradient centrifugation, differential centrifugation, immunosorption catch, affinity purification, microfluidic separation or their combination concentrate or separate described vesica.
The combination of strainer can be for concentrated and separating bio mark.For example, can be first by biological sample by thering is approximately 0.01 μ m to approximately 2 μ m, approximately 0.05 μ m filters to approximately 1.5 porositys of μ m or the strainer of pore size, then by sample filtering.For example, exceeding approximately 50 by having to hold back, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 250, 300, the strainer of the molecule of 400 or 500 kilodaltons (kDa) is (such as having approximately 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 250, 300, the strainer of 400 or 500 MWCO (weight shutoff value)) filtration module filtering biological sample before, can be first by thering is approximately 0.01 μ m to approximately 2 μ m, approximately 0.05 μ m filters described biological sample to approximately 1.5 holes of μ m or the strainer in aperture.In some embodiments, the described filters aperture of 0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9,1.0,1.1,1.2,1.3,1.4,1.5,1.6,1.7,1.8,1.9 or 2.0 μ m of having an appointment.Described strainer can be syringe filter.Therefore, in one embodiment, described method is included in filtration module by comprising the strainer of holding back the molecule that exceedes approximately 100 or 150 kilodaltons and filters described biological sample by strainer (such as syringe filter) before filtering described sample, and wherein said syringe filter has the hole that exceedes approximately 1 μ m.In one embodiment, described strainer be the strainer of 1.2 μ M and filter after by described sample by thering is the 7ml of 150kDa cutoff or the thickener post of 20ml.
Described filtration module can be the parts of microfluidic device.The microfluidic device that can also be called " chip lab " system, biomedical microelectromechanical systems (bioMEM) or multi-part integrated system can be used for a point analysis of variance vesica.This type systematic makes the treating processes and other process (process further describing such as the present invention) microminiaturization and the compartmentation that allow vesica combination, biomarker to detect.
Filtration module and assessment can be as Grant, R., Deng, A filtration-based protocol to isolate human Plasma Membrane-derived Vesicles andexosomes from blood plasma, described in J Immunol Methods (2011) 371:143-51 (Epub on June 30th, 2011), this reference is incorporated herein by quoting in full.
Microfluidic device also can separate for vesica by comprising filtration module.For example, microfluidic device can use one or more passages to separate from biological sample with the large young pathbreaker's vesica according to biological sample.Biological sample can be introduced to one or more microfluidic channel, it optionally allows vesica to pass through.Described microfluidic device can further comprise bonding agent or exceed a filtration module for example, to select vesica according to the characteristic of described vesica (, size, shape, deformability, biomarker distribute or the biological marking).
Bonding agent
Bonding agent (also referred to as binding reagents) comprises reagent that can combining target biomarker.Bonding agent can be that target organism mark is specific, and the meaning is that this reagent can be in conjunction with target organisms mark.Target can be any useful organisms mark disclosed herein, biomarker as lip-deep in vesica.In some embodiments, target is single molecule, as single protein, is specific to make bonding agent for this single protein.In other embodiments, target can be component, as have similar epi-position or part family or protein, with make bonding agent to this family maybe the protein of this group be specific.Group of molecules can also be molecule, as protein, DNA or RNA.Bonding agent can be the trapping agent of catching vesica for the component by conjunction with vesica or biomarker.In some embodiments, trapping agent comprises in conjunction with the antibody of the antigen on vesica or its fragment, or fit.Trapping agent can be optionally in conjunction with substrate with for separating of vesica, as further described herein.
Bonding agent is the reagent in conjunction with circulating biological mark (such as the component of vesica or vesica).Described bonding agent can be used as trapping agent and/or detection agent.Trapping agent can in conjunction with and catch circulating biological mark, such as, undertaken by the component in conjunction with vesica or biomarker.For example, described trapping agent can be capture antibody or capture antigen, and it is incorporated into the antigen on vesica.Detection agent can be incorporated into circulating biological mark, helps thus the detection to described biomarker.For example, comprise the antibody isolated with substrate or fit trapping agent can be used for catching the vesica in sample, and comprise the antibody or the fit detection agent that carry mark and can be used for detecting caught vesica by the detection of the marker to detection agent.In some embodiments, use trapping agent and the detection agent assessment vesica of the identical vesica biomarker of identification.For example, can use four transmembrane proteins to catch vesica colony (such as the anti-CD9 antibody that is incorporated into substrate by use), thereby and the vesica that can use fluorescently-labeled anti-CD9 antibody labeling to catch detect the vesica of catching.In other embodiments, use trapping agent and the detection agent assessment vesica of the different vesica biomarkers of identification.For example, can use cell-specific mark to catch vesica colony (such as the anti-PCSA antibody that is incorporated into substrate by use), thereby and the vesica that can use fluorescently-labeled anti-CD9 antibody labeling to catch detect the vesica of catching.Similarly, can use general vesica mark to catch vesica colony (such as the anti-CD9 antibody that is incorporated into substrate by use), thereby and can use the vesica of catching for the fluorescent-labeled antibody mark of cell-specific or disease specific mark to detect the vesica of catching.
The biomarker of bonding agent identification is sometimes called antigen in this article.Unless specially point out in addition, the antigen used herein meaning be comprise can combined dose of combination any entity, and irrelevant with the type of bonding agent or the immunogenicity of biomarker.Antigen further comprises its functional fragment.For example, antigen can comprise protein biomarker that can combined dose of combination, comprises the fragment of protein that can combined dose of combination.
In one embodiment, use the trapping agent that is incorporated into the biomarker on vesica to catch vesica.Further describe according to the present invention, described trapping agent can be coupled to substrate and for separating of vesica.In one embodiment, trapping agent is used for to affinity capture or the separation of the vesica to being present in substrate or sample.
Can after concentrated from biological sample or separation vesica, use bonding agent.For example, before separating or detect and thering is the vesica of the particular organisms marking, can be first separate vesica from biological sample.Can use the bonding agent of described biomarker to separate or detect the vesica with the particular organisms marking.Can from the heterogeneous population of vesica, separate or detect the vesica with the particular organisms marking.Or, can prior separation or enrichment step, use bonding agent to the biological sample that comprises vesica in the case of not carrying out.For example, separate or detect the vesica with the particular organisms marking for direct from biological sample in connection with agent.
Bonding agent can be nucleic acid, protein or can be in conjunction with other molecule of vesica component.Described bonding agent can comprise chemical compound (including but not limited to medicine, labelled reagent), arborescence or their combination of DNA, RNA, monoclonal antibody, polyclonal antibody, Fab, Fab ', single-chain antibody, synthetic antibody, fit (DNA/RNA), class peptide, zDNA, peptide nucleic acid(PNA) (PNA), lock nucleic acid (LNA), lectin, synthetic or natural formation.For example, described bonding agent can be capture antibody.In embodiments of the invention, described bonding agent comprises membrane protein labelling agent.For example, referring to, be disclosed in the membrane protein labelling agent in the U.S. Patent Publication No. US2005/0158708 of Alroy etc.In one embodiment, describe according to the present invention separate or catch vesica, and by one or more membrane protein labelling agent for detection of described vesica.
In some cases, can separate or detect vesica with single bonding agent.In other situation, can separate or detect vesica with the combination of different bonding agents.For example, can with at least 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,25,50,75 or 100 kind of different bonding agent carry out from biological sample, to separate or detect vesica.In addition,, according to hereinafter further describing, can form the biological marking of vesica for one or more different bonding agents of vesica.
Can also carry out multiplexing with different bonding agents.For example, thus can implement separation or the detection more than a kind of vesica colony by separate or detect various vesica colony with different bonding agents.Different bonding agents can from different particle combinations, wherein said different particle is labeled.In another embodiment, can be by the array that comprises different bonding agents for multiple analysis, wherein said different bonding agent is by difference ground mark, or can determine the position on array according to bonding agent.Can the best result of marker or detection method distinguish under ability, complete multiplexing, as described hereinafter.Can be by described bonding agent for detection of vesica, such as for detection of cell source specificity vesica.A kind of bonding agent or multiple bonding agent itself can form bonding agent and distribute, and it provides the biological marking of vesica.One or more bonding agents can be selected from Fig. 2 of the international patent application series No.PCT/US2011/031479 that the denomination of invention submitted on April 6th, 2011 is " for the circulating biological mark of disease ", and this application is all incorporated herein as a reference by quoting.For example, if use 2 kinds, 3 kinds, 4 kinds or more kinds of bonding agent to detect or separate vesica colony at the vesica Difference test of the heterogeneous population of vesica or in separating, the particular combination agent of described vesica colony distributes provides the biological marking of this specific vesica colony.Can use multiple bonding agent to detect vesica in multiple mode.Therefore, described bonding agent also can be used for forming the biological marking of vesica.The described biological marking can be used for characterizing phenotype.
Described bonding agent can be lectin.Lectin is the protein in conjunction with polysaccharide and glycoprotein optionally, and is distributed in widely in plant and animal.For example, can use from the lectin of Snow Lotus Herb lectin (" the GNA ") form of snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis), from the lectin of daffodil lectin (" the NPA ") form of daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus) or from the lectin (Boyd etc. of " blue algae antiviral protein (cyanovirin) " by name of the ellipse spore nostoc of blue green algae (Nostoc ellipsosporum) for separating vesica, Antimicrob Agents Chemother41 (7): 1,521 1530,1997; Hammar etc., Ann N Y Acad Sci724:166 169,1994; Kaku etc., Arch Biochem Biophys279 (2): 298 304,1990).These lectins can be incorporated into the sugared egg with high mannose content from the (Biochemistry34 (16) such as Chervenak: 56855695,1995).High mannose glycoprotein refers to the glycoprotein of seminose-seminose connection with α-1 → 3 or α-1 → 6 seminose-seminose key form.
Described bonding agent can be the material in conjunction with one or more lectins.Lectin is caught the separation that can be applicable to biomarker cathepsin D, and this is because it is for can binding lectin Snow Lotus Herb lectin (GNA) and the glycosylated protein of concanavalin A (ConA).
Use lectin to be described in to catch the method and apparatus of vesica the International Patent Application PCT/US2010/058461 that is entitled as " METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR ISOLATING; STORING, AND ANALYZING VESICLES " submitting on November 30th, 2010; The PCT/US2009/066626 that is entitled as " AFFINITY CAPTURE OF CIRCULATING BIOMARKERS " that on December 3rd, 2009 submits to; The PCT/US2010/037467 that is entitled as " METHODS AND MATERIALS FOR ISOLATING EXOSOMES " that on June 4th, 2010 submits to; And the PCT/US2007/006101 that is entitled as " EXTRACORPOREAL REMOVAL OF MICROVESICULAR PARTICLES " of submission on March 9th, 2007, each application is all incorporated to herein in full by reference.
Bonding agent can be antibody.For example, can separate vesica with one or more antigens that exist on vesica are had to specific one or more antibody.For example, vesica can have CD63 in its surface, and can be for separating of described vesica for antibody or the capture antibody of CD63.Or the vesica that is derived from tumour cell can be expressed EpCam, can use for the antibody of EpCam and CD63 and separate described vesica.Can comprise antibody or the capture antibody for CD9, PSCA, TNFR, CD63, B7H3, MFG-E8, EpCam, Rab, CD81, STEAP, PCSA, PSMA or 5T4 for separating of other antibody of vesica.Can comprise antibody or the capture antibody for DR3, STEAP, epha2, TMEM211, MFG-E8, tissue factor (TF), unc93A, A33, CD24, NGAL, EpCam, MUC17, TROP2 or TETS for separating of other antibody of vesica.
In some embodiments, described trapping agent is the antibody for CD9, CD63, CD81, PSMA, PCSA, B7H3, EpCam, PSCA, ICAM, STEAP or EGFR.Trapping agent also can be used for identifying the biomarker of vesica.For example, trapping agent is if the antibody recognition CD9 for CD9 is as the biomarker of vesica.Can use in some embodiments multiple trapping agent, such as in multiple analysis.Described multiple trapping agent can comprise for one or more the bonding agent in CD9, CD63, CD81, PSMA, PCSA, B7H3, EpCam, PSCA, ICAM, STEAP and EGFR.In some embodiments, described multiple trapping agent comprises the bonding agent for CD9, CD63, CD81, PSMA, PCSA, B7H3, MFG-E8 and/or EpCam.In other embodiment again, described multiple trapping agent comprises the bonding agent for CD9, CD63, CD81, PSMA, PCSA, B7H3, EpCam, PSCA, ICAM, STEAP and/or EpCam.Described multiple trapping agent comprises the bonding agent for TMEM211, MFG-E8, tissue factor (TF) and/or CD24.
Mentioned antibody can be the immunocompetence part of immunoglobulin molecules or immunoglobulin molecules herein,, comprises molecule and the synthetic antibody of the antigen binding site of conjugated antigen specifically that is.Immunoglobulin molecules can be any kind (for example IgG, IgE, IgM, IgD or IgA) or the subclass of immunoglobulin molecules.Antibody includes but not limited to polyclonal antibody, monoclonal antibody, bi-specific antibody, synthetic antibody, humanized antibody or chimeric antibody, single-chain antibody, Fab fragment and F (ab ') 2fragment, Fv or Fv ' partly, the epi-position binding fragment of the fragment that produced by Fab expression library, antiidiotype (anti-Id) antibody or any antibody mentioned above.If antibody is preferentially combined with antigen, and for example there is the cross reactivity lower than approximately 30%, 20%, 10%, 5% or 1% with another kind of molecule, this antibody, or any molecule under normal circumstances, " specifically in conjunction with " antigen (or other molecule).
Bonding agent can also be polypeptide or peptide.Polypeptide uses with the understanding of broad sense, and can comprise subunit amino acid, amino acid analogue or intend the sequence of peptide.Described subunit can connect by peptide bond.Described polypeptide can be the polypeptide of naturally occurring, the natural form processing (for example passing through enzymatic digestion) that has a polypeptide, chemosynthesis or recombinant expressed.Can use the technology of standard to carry out chemosynthesis to the polypeptide for method of the present invention.Described polypeptide can comprise the amino acid (such as p-methylamino acid, C Alpha-Methyl amino acid and N Alpha-Methyl amino acid etc.) of D-amino acid (it has resistance to L-amino acid specific protease), D-and the amino acid whose combination of L-, p amino acid or various other design or non-natural existence, thereby gives specific character.Synthetic amino acid can comprise the ornithine of corresponding Methionin and the nor-leucine of corresponding leucine or Isoleucine.In addition, described polypeptide can have plan peptide bond, for example ester bond, thus preparation has the polypeptide of new property.For example, can generate and introduce reduction peptide bond (, R 1-CH 2-NH-R 2, wherein R 1and R 2for amino-acid residue or sequence) polypeptide.Reduction peptide bond can be introduced as dipeptides subunit.This peptide species has resistance to protease activity, and has in vivo the transformation period of prolongation.Polypeptide can also comprise class peptide (N-replace glycine), and wherein side chain side joint, to the nitrogen-atoms along molecular backbone chain, and is not connected with alpha-carbon as in amino acid.In the application's full text, polypeptide and peptide intention are used interchangeably, that is, in the situation that using term peptide, it can also comprise polypeptide, and in the situation that using term polypeptide, it also can comprise peptide.Term " protein " is also intended to be used interchangeably with term " polypeptide " and " peptide " in whole the application, unless specially pointed out in addition.
Can use bonding agent to separate, catch or detect vesica.Described bonding agent can be the material in conjunction with vesica " house keeping protein (housekeeping protein) " or general vesica biomarker.Described biomarker can be CD63, CD9, CD81, CD82, CD37, CD53, Rab-5b, annexin V or MFG-E8.Four transmembrane proteins, have the membranin family of four membrane spaning domains, can be used as general vesica mark.Described four transmembrane proteins comprise CD151, CD53, CD37, CD82, CD81, CD9 and CD63.In Mammals, identified and exceeded 30 kind of four transmembrane protein, it comprises TSPAN1 (TSP-1), TSPAN2 (TSP-2), TSPAN3 (TSP-3), TSPAN4 (TSP-4, NAG-2), TSPAN5 (TSP-5), TSPAN6 (TSP-6), TSPAN7 (CD231, TALLA-1, A15), TSPAN8 (CO-029), TSPAN9 (NET-5), TSPAN10 (depending on fibroin (Oculospanin)), TSPAN11 (CD151 sample), TSPAN12 (NET-2), TSPAN13 (NET-6), TSPAN14, TSPAN15 (NET-7), TSPAN16 (TM4-B), TSPAN17, TSPAN18, TSPAN19, TSPAN20 (UP1b, UPK1B), TSPAN21 (UP1a, UPK1A), TSPAN22 (RDS, PRPH2), TSPAN23 (ROM1), TSPAN24 (CD151), TSPAN25 (CD53), TSPAN26 (CD37), TSPAN27 (CD82), TSPAN28 (CD81), TSPAN29 (CD9), TSPAN30 (CD63), TSPAN31 (SAS), TSPAN32 (TSSC6), TSPAN33 and TSPAN34.Other common vesica mark comprises the mark of listing in table 3.Can use any these protein as vesica mark.In addition, in the biological marking of candidate of identifying for disease or illness, can select disclosed any mark in this paper or table 3, wherein said one or more selected biomarkers have direct or indirect effect or function in the mechanism that relates to disease or illness.
Table 3: the protein of observing in the vesica from various kinds of cell type
Figure BPA0000186429140000581
Described bonding agent can also be in conjunction be derived from particular cell types (such as tumour cell) or specific cells source vesica material (as, for the bonding agent of tissue factor, EpCam, B7H3, RAGE or CD24).For separating of or detect the bonding agent that the bonding agent of vesica can be the antigen of the Fig. 1 for being selected from the international patent application series No.PCT/US2011/031479 that the denomination of invention submitted on April 6th, 2011 is " for the circulating biological mark of disease ", this application is all incorporated herein as a reference by quoting.The bonding agent of vesica can also be selected from listed those in Fig. 2 of international patent application series No.PCT/US2011/031479.Described bonding agent can be for antigen, such as four transmembrane proteins, MFG-E8, annexin V, 5T4, B7H3, caveolin, CD63, CD9, CAM 120/80, tissue factor, MFG-E8, TMEM211, CD24, PSCA, PCSA, PSMA, Rab-5B, STEAP, TNFR1, CD81, EpCam, CD59, CD81, ICAM, EGFR or CD66.Can be glycoprotein for hematoblastic bonding agent, such as GpIa-IIa, GpIIb-IIIa, GpIIIb, GpIb or GpIX.Bonding agent can be for one or more the antigen that comprises CD9, Erb2, Erb4, CD81, Erb3, MUC16, CD63, DLL4, HLA-Drpe, B7H3, IFNAR, 5T4, PCSA, MICB, PSMA, MFG-E8, Muc1, PSA, Muc2, Unc93a, VEGFR2, EpCAM, VEGFA, TMPRSS2, RAGE, PSCA, CD40, Muc17, IL-17-RA and CD80.For example, bonding agent is can be one or more of CD9, CD63, CD81, B7H3, PCSA, MFG-E8, MUC2, EpCam, RAGE and Muc17.Can use one or more bonding agents (for example for one or more bonding agents of two or more antigens) to separate or detect vesica.Can be according to separating or detecting and select bonding agent used derived from the vesica of particular cell types or the needs of cell source specificity vesica.
Bonding agent can also directly or indirectly be connected with solid surface or substrate.Solid surface or substrate can be bonding agent can be directly or indirectly attached arbitrarily can physical sepn solid, include but not limited to the surface that for example, pearl by microarray and hole, particle (pearl), post, optical fiber, swab, glass and glass modification or functionalization, quartz, mica, diazotizing film (paper or nylon), polyoxymethylene, Mierocrystalline cellulose, cellulose acetate, paper, pottery, metal, metalloid, semiconductor material, quantum dot, coating or particle, other chromatographic material, magnetic-particle provide; Plastics (comprise acrylic acid or the like, polystyrene, vinylbenzene or other material multipolymer, polypropylene, polyethylene, polybutene, Polyurethanes, tetrafluoroethylene (PTFE,
Figure BPA0000186429140000582
) etc.), the surface that provides of polysaccharide, nylon or Nitrocellulose, resin, silicon-dioxide or the material based on silicon-dioxide (comprising silicon and modified silicon), carbon, metal, unorganic glass, plastics, pottery, conductive polymers (comprising such as polypyrrole and the such polymkeric substance of poly-indoles); The surface of microstructure or nanostructure, the surface that for example array of nucleic acid bedding, nanotube, nano wire or nano particle are decorated; Or porous surface or gel, for example methacrylic ester, acrylamide, glycopolymers, Mierocrystalline cellulose, silicate or other fibrous or chain polymer.In addition, as known in the art, can use the passivation of (comprising polymkeric substance, as dextran, acrylamide, gelatin or agarose) that there is various material or the coating of chemical derivatization to carry out coated substrates.These coatings can contribute to array for biological sample.
For example, can be incorporated into solid substrate as hole for separating of the antibody of vesica, for example, as commercially available flat board (deriving from Nunc, Milan, Italy).Can use antibody to apply each hole.In some embodiments, be combined with the solid substrate such as array for separating of the antibody of vesica.Described array can have predetermined interaction of molecules, spatial disposition in conjunction with island, biomolecules, district's band, territory, or in conjunction with island or be distributed in the spatial disposition of the bonding agent in zone of dispersion.In addition, term array can be used in reference to many matrixes of arranging from the teeth outwards in this article, for example can be for having the situation of multiple copies of array on surface.This surface with many arrays can also be called poly array or repeat array.
Array contains addressable part conventionally, and it can detect for example existence of the vesica in sample of entity by binding events.Array can be called microarray.Array or microarray include but not limited to DNA microarray, as cDNA microarray, oligonucleotide microarray and SNP microarray, microRNA array, protein microarray, Antibody microarray, micro-array tissue, cell microarray (also referred to as transfection microarray), chemical compound microarray and carbohydrate array (sugared array).DNA array comprises addressable nucleotide sequence conventionally, and it can be in conjunction with the sequence existing in sample.MicroRNA array, for example, from the MMChips array of University of Louisville or from the business system of Agilent, can be for detection of microRNA.Protein microarray can be for the identification of protein-protein interaction, includes but not limited to identify that the substrate of protein kinase, transcription factor protein activate, or for the identification of the micromolecular target of biological activity.Protein array can comprise the array of the nucleotide sequence of different proteins molecule (antibody conventionally) or combining target protein.In limiting examples, protein array can be for detection of the vesica in its surface with specified protein.Antibody array comprises the some antibody on protein chip, and it detects protein or the other biological material from sample as capture molecules, for example, and from cell or tissue solvent soln.For example, antibody array can be for detection of for example, vesica associated biomolecule mark from body fluid (, serum or urine).Micro-array tissue comprises the tissue core independently with array way assembling, to allow to carry out multiple histologic analysis.Cell microarray, also referred to as transfection microarray, comprises various trapping agents, and as antibody, protein or lipid, it can be with cell interaction to promote catching on addressable point.Due to the similarity between vesica and cytolemma, cellular array can also be used for catching vesica.The array that chemical compound microarray comprises chemical compound, and can be for detection of the protein in conjunction with this compound or other biological material.The array that carbohydrate array (sugared array) comprises carbohydrate, and can be for detection of for example protein in conjunction with sugar moieties.Those skilled in the art will recognize that and can use similar technique or improvement according to the present invention.
Bonding agent can also be combined with particle, for example pearl or microballoon.For example, vesica component is had to specific antibody can be combined with particle, and the particle of antibodies is for separating vesica from biological sample.In some embodiments, described microballoon can be magnetic or fluorescently-labeled.In addition can be solid substrate itself for separating of the bonding agent of vesica.For example, can use latex beads, for example aldehyde/vitriol pearl (Interfacial Dynamics, Portland, OR).
In addition, can also carry out separation vesica with the bonding agent of being combined with magnetic bead.For example, can collect biological sample (for example serum) from patient for colon cancer screening.Described sample can be hatched with together with anti-CCSA-3 (colorectal carcinoma specific antigens) on being coupled to magnetic microballon.Low-density microtrabeculae can be placed in the magnetic field of MACS separator, then uses buffered soln (for example Tris buffer saline) to wash this post.Then, magnetic immuno mixture can be applied on post, and abandon unconjugated nonspecific material.Can reclaim the vesica that CCSA-3 selects by removing post and place it in collection tube from separator.Buffer reagent can be joined on described post, and can be by applying the vesica that magnetic mark is provided with the plunger providing together with this post.Can in IgG elution buffer, dilute the vesica separating, thereby then can microballon be separated with vesica centrifugal mixture.Can be by the pellet resuspended of cell source specificity vesica separating for example, in damping fluid (phosphate buffered saline (PBS)), and carry out quantitatively.Or, due to the strong adsorptive power between cell source specificity vesica and the magnetic microballon of antibody capture, the vesica that can use proteolytic ferment (for example trypsinase) to discharge to catch and without centrifugal.Can together with the cell source specificity vesica of proteolytic ferment and antibody capture, hatch the time that is at least enough to discharge described vesica.
For example, be preferably at least enough to make described bonding agent to be combined time of component of described vesica with the biological sample contact that comprises target vesica for separating of the bonding agent (antibody) of vesica.For example, antibody can contact with biological sample the various time periods by several seconds to a couple of days, includes but not limited to approximately 10 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 3 hours, 5 hours, 7 hours, 10 hours, 15 hours, 1 day, 3 days, 7 days or 10 days.
Bonding agent, if the denomination of invention that on April 6th, 2011 is submitted to be the antibody of the listed antigen-specific of the Fig. 1 of the serial No.PCT/US2011/031479 of international patent application of " for the circulating biological mark of disease ", this application is all incorporated herein as a reference by quoting, or listed bonding agent in Fig. 2 of international patent application series No.PCT/US2011/031479, can be labeled to promote to detect.Suitable marker includes but not limited to magnetic mark thing, fluorescence part, enzyme, chemiluminescence probe, metallic particles, nonmetal colloidal particle, polymeric dye particles, pigment molecule, granules of pigments, electroactive substance, semiconductor nanocrystal or other nano particle (comprising quantum dot or gold grain), fluorophore, quantum dot or radioactively labelled substance.Protein label comprises green fluorescent protein (GFP) and variant (for example, cyan fluorescent protein and yellow fluorescence protein) thereof; And luminescent protein, as luciferase, as described below.Radioactively labelled substance includes but not limited to radio isotope (radionuclide), for example 3h, 11c, 14c, 18f, 32p, 35s, 64cu, 68ga, 86y, 99tc, 111in, 123i, 124i, 125i, 131i, 133xe, 177lu, 211at or 213bi.Fluorescent mark includes but not limited to Rare Earth Chelate (for example, europium inner complex), rhodamine; Fluoresceins, include but not limited to FITC, CF, 6-Fluoresceincarboxylic acid; Rhodamine, includes but not limited to TAMRA; Dansyl; Liz amine (Lissamine); Anthocyanidin; Phycoerythrin; Texas Red; Cy3, Cy5, dapoxyl, NBD, Cadcade Huang, dansyl, PyMPO, pyrene, 7-diethyl amino coumarin 3-carboxylic acid and other coumarin derivativess, Marina Blue tM, Pacific Blue tM, Cascade BlueTM, 2-anthracene sulphonyl, PyMPO, 3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic acid, 2,7-difluoro fluorescein (Oregon Green tM488-X), CF, Texas Red tM-X, Alexa Fluor430,5-carboxyl tetramethyl-rhodamine (5-TAMRA), 6-carboxyl tetramethyl-rhodamine (6-TAMRA), BODIPYFL, bimane and Alexa Fluor350,405,488,500,514,532,546,555,568,594,610,633,647,660,680,700 and 750, and derivative, and other.Referring to, for example, " The Handbook--A Guide to Fluorescent Probes and Labeling Technologies ", can obtain on internet probes.invitrogen.com/handbook by the 10th edition.Described fluorescent marker can be one or more in FAM, dRHO, 5-FAM, 6FAM, dR6G, JOE, HEX, VIC, TET, dTAMRA, TAMRA, NED, dROX, PET, BHQ, Gold540 and LIZ.
Bonding agent is mark directly or indirectly, and for example, described marker is connected with antibody by vitamin H-streptavidin.Or antibody is unmarked, contact with the second antibody of mark afterwards but be combined with target antigen at first antibody subsequently.
For example, various enzyme-substrate markers are available or are disclosed (for example, referring to U.S. Patent No. 4,275,149).The chemically changed of the common catalysis chromophoric substrate of enzyme, it can use various commercial measurements.For example, the colour-change that enzyme can catalytic substrate, it can carry out metric measurement.Or enzyme can change fluorescence or the chemoluminescence of substrate.The example of enzyme labelling thing comprises luciferase (for example Photinus pyralis LUC and bacterial luciferase; U.S. Patent No. 4,737,456), fluorescein, 2,3-dihydro phthalazine diketone, malate dehydrogenase (malic acid dehydrogenase), urase, peroxidase (such as horseradish peroxidase (HRP)), alkaline phosphatase (AP), beta-galactosidase enzymes, glucoamylase, N,O-Diacetylmuramidase, carbohydrate oxidase (such as glucose oxidase, galactose oxidase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)), heterocycle oxydase (such as uriKoxidase and XOD), lactoperoxidase, microperoxisome etc.The example of enzyme-substrate combination includes but not limited to: use the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) of catalase as substrate, wherein catalase oxidation dye precursors (for example O-Phenylene Diamine (OPD) or 3,3 ', 5,5 '-tetramethyl biphenyl amine hydrochlorate (TMB)); Use the alkaline phosphatase (AP) of p-nitrophenyl phosphate as chromophoric substrate; And the beta-D-galactosidase (β-D-Gal) of use chromophoric substrate (for example p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactosidase) or the substrate that fluoresces (4-methyl umbrella shape base-beta-D-galactosidase).
According to separation used or detection method, described bonding agent can for example, be connected with solid surface or substrate (array, particle, hole and mentioned above other substrate).For the method for antibody and the direct chemical coupling of cell surface is known in the art, and can comprise that the antibody that for example uses glutaraldehyde or maleimide to activate carries out coupling.Comprise biotinylation, use the succinimide ester of for example trinitrophenol (TNP) or digoxigenin to carry out these compounds of coupling for the method that uses multistep process to carry out chemical coupling.Can be by for example completing biotinylation with Bio base-N-hydroxy-succinamide.Succinimide group, and preferably reacts with amino group to the condition between about pH8.5 at about pH8.0 higher than 7 effectively in pH value.Can then add vitamin H maleimide to complete biotinylation by for example using dithiothreitol (DTT) to process cell.
Based on the analysis of particle
As the replacement scheme of planar array, use the analysis (as the analysis based on pearl) of particle to use together with bonding agent.For example, antibody or fit easily with commercially available pearl coupling.Referring to, for example, referring to, Fan etc., Illumina universal bead arrays.Methods Enzymol.2006410:57-73; Srinivas etc., Anal.Chem.2011Oct.21, Aptamer functionalized Microgel Particles for Protein Detection; Also referring to about the fit summary paper as therapeutical agent and diagnostic reagent, Brody and Gold, Rev.Mol.Biotech.2000,74:5-13.
Can use the multiparametric analysis or other high throughput testing analyses that utilize pearl, described pearl is coated with cognate ligand and the reporter molecules of the given activity compatible with highly sensitive automatization.In the analytical system based on pearl, can, by the bonding agent for biomarker or vesica, for example, as trapping agent (, capture antibody), be fixed on addressable microballoon.Each bonding agent for each independent binding analysis and dissimilar microballoon (, microballon) coupling and analytical reaction can be carried out on microsphere surface, as shown in Figure 2 B.For the bonding agent of vesica can be and the capture antibody of pearl coupling or fit.There is dyeing microballoon its suitable bonding agent or capture probe of load independently of discrete fluorescence intensity.Producing customization pearl array if desired, the different pearl set of carrying different bonding agents can merged.Then in single reaction container, hatch pearl array to carry out described analysis with sample.Referring to Fig. 8 C-D, it has shown the illustrative method that uses the microballon detection microcapsule bubble with antibodies agent.
Pearl substrate can be provided for connecting the platform of one or more bonding agents, and described bonding agent comprises fit or antibody.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the illustrative approach shown in Fig. 8 C-D can be used fit or use fit alternative antibody together with antibody.For multiplexing, and multiple different pearl set (for example, can be from Illumina, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA or Luminex Corporation, Austin, TX, those that USA buys) can have the specific different bonding agents of different target molecules.Pearl can also be used for different objects, for example, detects and/or separates.For example, pearl can with the fit coupling that detects the existence of given biomarker for (quantitatively or qualitatively), or can also be for separating of the biological sample of selecting (for example, the cell, cell fragment or the vesica that comprise target molecule, described bonding agent is configured to be combined or associate with described target molecule) the middle composition existing.By using commercially available test kit, can be by the various molecules of organ origin and microballon coupling, for example, polystyrene bead.Those skilled in the art will recognize that, analytical test can be used polytype bonding agent.For example, can by pearl with for combination with catch the fit coupling of biomarker, and can be by the antibody of mark for biomarker that further detection be caught.Similarly, pearl can with for combination with catch the antibody coupling of biomarker, and can be by mark fit for further detecting the biomarker of catching.The present invention includes any this useful combination of bonding agent.
One or more bonding agents can use together with any substrate based on pearl, include but not limited to magnetic catching method, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) or laser cell counting art.Magnetic catching method can include, but not limited to cell sorter (MACS) microballon or the magnetic post that use magnetic to activate.Can comprise U.S. patent No.4,551,435,4,795,698,4,925,788,5,108,933,5,186,827,5,200,084 or 5,158,871 for the example of the method based on pearl or particle in the inventive method; 7,399,632; 8,124,015; 8,008,019; 7,955,802; 7,445,844; 7,274,316; 6,773,812; 6,623,526; 6,599,331; 6,057,107; 5,736,330; Or international patent application No.PCT/US2012/42519; Pearl system described in any of PCT/US1993/04145.
Flow cytometry
Can also implement to use particle separation or detection to vesica as pearl or microballoon with flow cytometry.Can carry out sorting with flow cytometry and be suspended in the microscopic particles in fluid stream.When particle by time, they are can be optionally charged and in the time that they leave, can deflect into independently in flow path.Therefore, likely separate the colony from original stock (biological example sample) with speed with pinpoint accuracy.Flow cytometry allows the single celled physics and/or the chemical feature that flow through optics/electronic detecting device to carry out multiparametric analysis simultaneously.The light beam (being generally laser) of monofrequency (color) points on the fluid stream focusing at hydrokinetics.Multiple detectors aim at the point of fluid stream through light beam; One overlaps with this light beam (direct scattering or FSC) and several perpendicular to this light beam (lateral scattering or SSC) and one or more fluorimetric detector.
By each suspended particle scattered beam in some way of light beam, and fluorescence chemical material in the particle light lower than light source with transmitting frequency that can be excited.This combination of scattered light and fluorescence is picked up by detector, and locates the fluctuation of brightness by analyzing each detector (detector of each fluorescence emission peak), likely infers the various factors about the physics and chemistry structure of each individual particle.FSC is relevant to cell size, and SSC depends on the inside complicacy of particulate, for example amount of nuclear shape, cytoplasmic granule thing and the roughness of type or film.Some flow cytometers are only measured with scattering of light without fluorescence.
Flow cytometer can be with several thousand particles of the mode of " in real time " analysis per second, and can separate on one's own initiative and separate the particle with specified properties.They provide in each analysis phase for the setup parameter of a large amount of single cells high throughput automated quantitatively with separate.Flow cytometer can have multiple laser and fluorimetric detector, thereby allows to use multiple marker more accurately it to be specified with the phenotype according to target group.Therefore, flow cytometer (such as polychrome flow cytometer) can be used for detecting one or more vesicas with multiple fluorescent mark or color.In some embodiments, described flow cytometer also can sorting or is separated different vesica colony, such as according to size or according to different marks.
Described flow cytometer can have one or more laser, such as 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 or more kinds of laser.In some embodiments, described flow cytometer can detect more than a kind of color or fluorescent mark, such as at least 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19 or 20 kind of different colours or fluorescent mark.For example, described flow cytometer can have at least 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19 or 20 fluorimetric detectors.
Can be used for detecting or analyze one or more vesicas, include but not limited to MoFlo for sorting or the example that separates the flow cytometer being obtained commercially of different vesica colonies tMxDP Cell Sorter (Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA), MoFlo tMlegacy Cell Sorter (Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA), BD FACSAria tMcell Sorter (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA), BD tMlSRII (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA) and BD FACSCalibur tM(BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA).According to what below further describe, use polychrome or many fluorocytes calculating instrument to can be used for the multiple analysis of vesica.In some embodiments, described flow cytometer can sorting, and therefore exceedes a kind of vesica colony according to one or more feature collection or sorting.For example, two kinds of vesica groups are different in size, thus make vesica in each colony have similar magnitude range and can by difference detect or sorting.In another embodiment, two kinds of different vesica colonies carry out difference mark.
Thereby the data that derive from flow cytometer can be mapped and obtained histogram in the mode of 1 dimension, or observe in 3 dimension modes as scattergram or with newer software in the mode of 2 dimensions.Region on these aspects can be extracted (it is called gate) by a series of sub-collection and be come sequentially to separate.Exist for diagnosing and the specific gate scheme of clinical object, particularly relate to hematology.These figure complete with logarithmic scale conventionally.Because the emission spectrum of different fluorescence dyes is overlapping, so have to compensate by electricity and account form at the signal at detector place.Fluorophore for mark biomarker can comprise Ormerod, Flow Cytometry the 2nd edition, Springer-Verlag, New York (1999) and Nida etc., Gynecologic Oncology2005; Fluorophore described in 4889-894, it is incorporated to herein by reference.
In various embodiments of the present invention, assess the microcapsule bubble colony in biological sample with flow cytometry.If needed, can for example, by using one or more general vesica mark mark vesicas and other particles from sample (, cell debris, protein aggregate etc.) sort out by microcapsule bubble colony.Described general vesica mark can be the mark in table 3.Normally used vesica mark comprises four transmembrane proteins, as CD9, CD63 and/or CD81.The vesica that comprises one or more four transmembrane proteins is sometimes referred to herein as " Tet+ ", to represent that described vesica is the four transmembrane protein positives.Can use method described herein further to assess the microcapsule bubble of sorting.For example, can use the surface antigen on the microcapsule bubble of streaming method or additive method grouping system.In some embodiments, the useful load in the microcapsule bubble of assessment sorting.As illustrative example, can, by the bonding agent through mark of microcapsule bubble population exposed target surface antigens, use the contacted microcapsule bubble of flow cytometry sorting, and assess the useful load in microcapsule bubble.Described useful load can be the other biological entity of polypeptide, nucleic acid (for example, mRNA or microRNA) or needs.As described herein, such assessment is used for characterizing phenotype, for example, and for diagnosis, prognosis or treatment diagnosing cancer.
In one embodiment, airflow classification is used for distinguishing microcapsule bubble colony and other biological mixture.In a limiting examples, use streaming method to detect Ago2+/Tet+ and Ago2+/Tet-particle, with separate respectively Ago2+ vesica with without vesica Ago2+ mixture.
Multiple analysis
Multiple experiment comprises the experiment that can simultaneously measure multiple analytes in single analysis.Can assess vesica and associated biomolecule mark in multiple mode.Different bonding agents can be for multiplexing different circulating biological mark, for example, and microRNA, protein or vesica colony.Can separate or detect different biomarkers with different bonding agents, for example, different vesica colonies.Can use different signal tracers (for example fluorophore, quantum dot or radioactively labelled substance, as described above) the each colony in mark biological sample.Described marker can with the direct coupling of bonding agent, or indirectly for detection of the bonding agent in conjunction with vesica.The Population detecting in multiple analysis depends on the resolving power of marker and the summation of signal, because can produce the signal of summation with the vesica colony of the two or more difference mark of two or more affine combination of elements.
Can carry out at least 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,1l, 12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,25,50,75 or 100 kind of different circulating biological mark multiplexing.For example, cell source is had to specific a kind of vesica colony can be analyzed together from different cell sources being had to specific the second vesica colony, and wherein each colony is with different marker marks.Or the vesica colony with specific biomarker or the biological marking can analyze together from the second vesica colony with different biomarkers or the biological marking.In some cases, can in single analysis, assess hundreds of or thousands of kinds of vesicas.
In one embodiment, for example, by being applied in multiple substrates (pearl) and carrying out multiple analysis comprising more than the multiple vesica of a kind of vesica colony.Each pearl and one or more trapping agent couplings.Multiple pearls are divided into subgroup, and the pearl wherein with identical trapping agent or trapping agent combination forms the subgroup of pearl, thereby makes each subgroup of pearl have the trapping agent or the trapping agent combination that are different from another pearl subgroup.Then, described pearl can be for catching the vesica that comprises the component combining with described trapping agent.Described different subgroup can be for catching different vesica colonies.Then the vesica that, can catch by detecting one or more biomarker analyses.
Flow cytometry can be used in combination based on particle or the analytical procedure based on pearl.Can use multiparameter immune analysis method or other high-throughout determination method (reporter molecules that it uses the pearl coating with homology aglucon compatible with highly sensitive automatic technology and has specific activity).For example, the pearl of the pearl in each subgroup and another subgroup is difference mark.In the analytical system based on particle, for example, can be fixed on addressable pearl or microballoon for bonding agent or the trapping agent (capture antibody) of vesica.For each bonding agent of each single binding analysis (for example immunoassay when bonding agent is antibody) can with the microballoon of completely different type (, microballon) coupling, and binding analysis reacts and occurs on the surface of microballoon.Microballoon can distinguish according to different markers, for example, compare from the another kind of microballoon with different trapping agents, and the microballoon with particular capture agent has different signal marks.For example, microballoon can dye as having discrete fluorescence intensity, thereby makes the fluorescence intensity of the microballoon with particular combination agent be different from the fluorescence intensity of the another kind of microballoon with different bonding agents.Can use different marked difference detects by the biomarker of different trapping agent combinations.
Microballoon can use at least 2 kinds of different markers or dyestuff to carry out mark or dyeing.In some embodiments, use at least 3,4,5,6,7,8,9 or 10 kind of different marker carry out mark to described microballoon.Different microballoons in multiple microballoon can have more than a kind of mark or dyestuff, and wherein each microballoon subgroup has marker or the dyestuff of various different ratioss and composition, thereby allow to detect the different microballoons with different bonding agents.For example, the marker of various different ratioss and composition and dyestuff can allow different fluorescence intensities.Or various different ratioss and composition can be for generation of different detecting patterns to identify bonding agent.Described microballoon can carry out external marking or dyeing, or can have inherent fluorescence or signal mark.Pearl can load their suitable bonding agents individually, and therefore can separate different vesica colonies according to the different bonding agents on the microballoon of difference mark (different bonding agents and its coupling).
In another embodiment, can use planar substrates to carry out multiple analysis, wherein said substrate comprises multiple trapping agent.Described multiple trapping agent can be caught one or more vesica colonies, and detects one or more biomarkers of the vesica of catching.According to what below further describe, planar substrates can be microarray or other substrate.
Bonding agent
Can use bonding agent for the novel components of the vesica antibody of the specific neoantigen of target vesica (for example for) to separate or detect vesica.For example can use, from the different test compounds of the known composition of substrate (array or multiple particle) combination and separate or differentiate that, to the specific neoantigen of target vesica, it can allow only to use small portion space and a large amount of chemistry/structure spaces is fully sampled.The biomarker that the neoantigen of identifying also can be used as described vesica plays a role.For example, the neoantigen of identifying for the specific vesica of cell source can be useful biomarker.
Can represent that for the contact term " agent " that uses of sample or " reagent " any design is used in conjunction with, hybridization, the entity that associates or detect target molecule or help target molecule to detect in other mode, comprise target polypeptides, peptide, nucleic acid molecule, leptin (leptin), lipid or according to described or any other biological entities that can detect known in the art herein.The example of such agent/reagent is well known in the art, and includes but not limited to as herein described or other entities known in the art of general or specific nucleic acid primer, nucleic acid probe, antibody, fit, class peptide, peptide nucleic acid(PNA), lock nucleic acid, lectin, branch-shape polymer (dendrimer), chemical compound.
Can be by identifying bonding agent for test compounds screening vesica homogeneous or heterogeneous colony.Because the composition of each test compounds on substrate surface is known, so this has formed the screening to affinity element.For example, the specific location of test compounds array in substrate addressable locations comprises test compounds, and can be for the identification of one or more bonding agents for vesica.Based on the less variation of core sequence or structure, test compounds can be all incoherent or relevant.Different test compounds for example can comprise, on the variant (shaped body of polypeptide), structure of given test compounds or the upper incoherent test compounds of composition or their combination.
Test compounds can be class peptide, polysaccharide, organic compound, mineral compound, polymkeric substance, lipid, nucleic acid, polypeptide, antibody, protein, polysaccharide or other compound.Described test compounds can be natural or synthetic.Described test compounds such as can comprise, based on multiple key or key combination (acid amides, ester, ether, mercaptan, free radical addition, metal-complexing etc.) thus linearity or heteropolymerization compound, branched structure, ring structure, the cavity configuration of branch or there are multiple connection site of closing on and adding especially fashionable other structure that plays support effect, or formed by them.Can use standard method in this area by test compounds point sample in substrate or to carry out original position synthetic.In addition, it is synthetic to detect useful interaction that described test compounds can be carried out point sample or original position with array mode, for example collaborative combination.
Described test compounds can, for having the polypeptide of known aminoacid sequence, therefore, detect the evaluation that can cause being used as the polypeptide of the known amino acid sequence of bonding agent to the combination of test compounds and vesica.For example, the homogeneous colony of vesica can be applied to (comprise several to 1,000,000 kind has the test polypeptide of variable amino acid length) on the sample application array on slide glass.Described polypeptide can be connected with surface by C-end.The sequence of described polypeptide can be generated at random by 19 seed amino acids (not comprising halfcystine).Association reaction can comprise nonspecific competitor (for example using the excessive bacterioprotein of another kind of dye marker), thereby can measure the specificity ratio in conjunction with target for each polypeptide.Can select to have the polypeptide of high specific and combination.On each point, the identity of polypeptide is known, and can easily identify thus.Once identify, described homogeneous vesica colony (for example cell source specificity vesica) is had to specific neoantigen, in method hereinafter described, can use subsequently these antigens to separate this class cell source specificity vesica.
In addition, can also identify the antibody as vesica bonding agent with array.Test antibody can be connected with array, and for heterogeneous vesica colony screen to identify can for separating of or identify the antibody of vesica.In addition can also screen with antibody array, the vesica colony (for example cell source specificity vesica) of homogeneous., can also identify the colony of homogeneous is had to specific one or more protein biomarkers to separate or to detect the vesica colony of homogeneous except identifying antibody.Can use commercially available platform, it has the test antibody of the preliminary election that is connected in described array or the test antibody that customization is selected.For example, can screen the antibody array from Full Moon Biosystems with the vesica in prostate cancer cell source, it will be bonding agent for the Identification of the antibodies of Bcl-XL, ERCC1, keratin 15, CD81/TAPA-1, CD9, epithelial specific antigen (ESA) and mastocyte Chymotrypsin, and the protein of identifying can be as the biomarker of described vesica.Can in vesica or on vesica, there is or not exist, express deficiency or cross and express, suddenly change or modify in biomarker, and for sign situation.
Can also identify stand-by antibody or the synthetic antibody of making bonding agent by peptide array.Another kind method is to use by antibody phage to show and produce synthetic antibody.The M13 phage library of antibody (for example Fab) is as being presented on the surface of phage particle with the syzygy of coat protein.Each phage particle presents unique antibody, and has sealed the carrier that comprises coding DNA.Can build highly various library, and represent as phage library, it can be for selecting the antibody in conjunction with fixing antigen.Fixing antigen has kept antigen in conjunction with phage, and unconjugated phage is removed by washing.Can be by the infection of the escherichia coli host phage library keeping that increases, and can be by the storehouse of amplification for the selection of other round, thereby antigen finally obtained in conjunction with the dominant colony of clone.At this one-phase, can separate single phage clone and carry out DNA sequencing, thus the sequence of the antibody that decoding presents.By using phage display and other method as known in the art, can produce the high-affinity designerantibodies for vesica.
Analysis based on pearl can also be for the identification of new junction agent to separate or to detect vesica.Test antibody or peptide can with particle coupling.For example, pearl can with antibody or peptide coupling, and for detection of with the protein of quantitatively expressing on the surface of vesica colony, thereby find and select specifically can target from the novel antibody of the vesica of particular organization or tumor type.Any molecule that can make organ source (organic origin) by the specification sheets that uses commercially available test kit to provide according to manufacturers successfully with polystyrene bead coupling.The group of each pearl can be with specific detectable wavelength color development, and each group can be connected with known antibody or peptide, wherein said antibody or peptide can be connected with exosome protein for measuring specifically which pearl, thereby match with the antibody of coupling before or the epi-position of peptide.Described pearl can be discrete fluorescence intensity dyeing, make each pearl with varying strength there are different bonding agents mentioned above.
For example, rule of thumb definite performance analysis scope can be diluted to suitable concentration by the vesicle formation of purifying in analysis buffer.Can prepare the coupling pearl of sufficient volume, and the antibody coupling pearl decile of about 1 μ l to hole neutralization is adjusted to final volume approximately 50 μ l.Once the pearl of antibody coupling be joined in vacuum compatible plate, can wash to guarantee suitable conjugation condition to this pearl.Then, the vesicle formation of appropriate volume can be joined in each hole to be tested and hatch described mixture, for example 15-18 hour.Can use detection antibody dilution solution to prepare the detection antibody of sufficient volume, and hatch 1 hour with described mixture or the required time.Subsequently, before adding detection antibody (vitamin H expression) mixture being formed by streptavidin phycoerythrin, wash described pearl.Then, can wash pearl, and vacuum take-off several times, then use the software providing together with instrument to analyze on suspension array system.Afterwards, can illustrate the identity that can be used for the antigen that optionally extracts vesica from this analysis.
Used imaging system analysis can for detection of and the protein of quantitatively expressing on the surface of vesica, thereby find and select specifically and enrichment from the vesica of particular organization, cell or tumor type.Can use antibody, peptide or cell with the coupling of the multiple carbon coated board of porous.Can list in capture antibody on the carbon working-surface of patterning by use realizes the multiple analytes in hole is measured simultaneously.Then, can, having in the electrode hole of enhancing electricity-Chemiluminescent plate, use the antibody test analyte with reagent mark.Any molecule in organ source can be successfully and the coupling of described carbon coated board.Can go out the protein of expressing on vesica surface by this Analysis and Identification, and can set it as target for select specifically and enrichment from the vesica of particular organization or tumor type.
Described bonding agent can also be fit, and it refers to the nucleic acid of can the molecule outside its complementary sequence being combined.Fitly generally comprise 30-80 nucleic acid and can there is high-affinity for specific target molecule that (Kd reporting is between 10- 11-10 -6mole/l).Can use the Fas lignand system evolution (SELEX) of index concentration to identify fit (Tuerk & Gold, Science249:505-510,1990 for target; Ellington & Szostak, Nature346:818-822,1990), for example, in U.S. Patent No. 5,270,163,6,482,594,6,291,184,6,376,190 and US6, described in 458,539.Nucleic acid library can be contacted with target vesica, and those nucleic acid of being combined with described target specifically remaining nucleic acid (its can not be combined specifically described target) in library is separated.By the nucleic acid amplification separating with produce part enrichment storehouse.The combinations of many wheels, separately and amplification (, selecting) realized one or more the fit evaluations to thering is required activity.Thereby, describe to some extent in 190 in U.S. Patent No. 6,376 for the identification of the another kind of method of fit separation vesica, described document description the combination of peptide by library amplifying nucleic acid and chemosynthesis the frequency of this nucleic acid is increased or reduction.Can also use improved method, for example Laser SELEX or the deSELEX described in the open No.20090264508 of United States Patent (USP).
If term " specific " meaning using about bonding agent is herein that reagent has the higher affinity of other targets of comparison to its target, conventionally there is much higher affinity, be absolute specificity but do not need bonding agent to its target.
Microfluidic device
For separating of or identify that the method for vesica can be used in combination with microfluidic device.Can use microfluidic device to implement all methods that separates or detect as described herein vesica.Also the microfluidic device that can be described as " chip lab " system, biomedical microelectromechanical systems (bioMEM) or multi-part integrated system can be used for a point analysis of variance vesica.This type systematic makes to allow vesica combination, the biological marking to detect and other process microminiaturization and compartmentation.
Microfluidic device can also be used for separating vesica by difference in size or affine selection.For example, microfluidic device can be used for using one or more passages to separate vesica from biological sample from one or more bonding agents of biological sample separation vesica according to size or by use.Biological sample can be incorporated in one or more microfluidic channel, it optionally allows vesica to pass through.Can for example, select according to the character of vesica (size, shape, deformability or the biological marking of vesica).
In one embodiment, the heterogeneous population of vesica can be incorporated in microfluidic device, and can obtain one or more different homogeneous vesica colonies.For example, different passages can have that different size is selected or bonding agent to select different vesica colonies.Therefore, microfluidic device can separate multiple vesica, the biological marking that wherein at least one subgroup of this multiple vesica comprises another subgroup that is different from described multiple vesica.For example, described microfluidic device can separate at least 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,15,20,25,30,40,50,60,70,80,90 or 100 different vesica subgroups, and wherein each vesica subgroup comprises the different biological markings.
In some embodiments, described microfluidic device can comprise one or more passages of the further enrichment or the selection that allow vesica.The vesica colony of enrichment after by first channel be directed in second passage, and it allows required vesica or vesica colony to pass through with further enrichment, for example, by being present in one or more bonding agents in second passage.
Can use the analysis based on array and the analysis based on pearl together with microfluidic device.For example, bonding agent can with pearl coupling, and can in microfluidic device, implement the association reaction between described pearl and vesica.In addition, can also use microfluidic device to carry out multiplexing.Different compartments can comprise the different bonding agents for different vesica colonies, and wherein each colony is the specific vesica of different cell sources colony.In one embodiment, each colony has the different biological markings.Can in microfluidic device, implement the hybridization between microballoon and vesica, and reaction mixture can be delivered in proofing unit by defeated.Described proofing unit (for example two or many laser detection systems) can be the part of described microfluid system, and can identify each pearl or microballoon with laser by the color-code of each pearl or microballoon, and another beam of laser can detect the hybridization signal relevant to each pearl.
Any suitable microfluidic device can be in method of the present invention.Can be used for vesica or include but not limited to be described in U.S. Patent No. 7,591,936 through adaptation for the example of the microfluidic device of vesica, 7,581,429, 7,579,136, 7,575,722, 7,568,399, 7,552,741, 7,544,506, 7,541,578, 7,518,726, 7,488,596, 7,485,214, 7,467,928, 7,452,713, 7,452,509, 7,449,096, 7,431,887, 7,422,725, 7,422,669, 7,419,822, 7,419,639, 7,413,709, 7,411,184, 7,402,229, 7,390,463, 7,381,471, 7,357,864, 7,351,592, 7,351,380, 7,338,637, 7,329,391, 7,323,140, 7,261,824, 7,258,837, 7,253,003, 7,238,324, 7,238,255, 7,233,865, 7,229,538, 7,201,881, 7,195,986, 7,189,581, 7,189,580, 7,189,368, 7,141,978, 7,138,062, 7,135,147, 7,125,711, 7,118,910, 7,118,661, 7,640,947, 7,666,361, 7,704,735, and those devices in International Patent Publication No. WO 2010/072410, each patent or application are incorporated to herein in full by reference.Another example for the disclosed method of the present invention is described in Chen etc., " Microfluidic isolation and transcriptome analysis of serum vesicles; " Lab on a Chip, on December 8th, 2009 DOI:10.1039/b916199f.
Other microfluidic devices for the present invention comprise the device that contains elastomer layer, valve and pump, include but not limited to U.S. patent No.5,376,252,6,408,878,6,645,432,6,719,868,6,793,753,6,899,137,6,929,030,7,040,338,7,118,910,7,144,616,7,216,671,7,250,128,7,494,555,7,501,245,7,601,270,7,691,333,7,754,010,7,837,946; U.S. patent application No.2003/0061687,2005/0084421,2005/0112882,2005/0129581,2005/0145496,2005/0201901,2005/0214173,2005/0252773,2006/0006067; With those disclosed in EP patent No.0527905 and 1065378; Every piece of application is incorporated herein as a reference by quoting.In some cases, many or whole devices are made up of elastomer material.Specific device is designed to carry out thermal cycle reaction (for example, PCR), and such device comprises that one or more elastomer valves are to adjust the flow of solution of cutting by device.Device can comprise the array of reaction site, allows thus to carry out multiple reactions.Therefore, device can, for multiple mode evaluation cycle microRNA, comprise the microRNA separating from vesica.In one embodiment, microfluidic device comprises multiple the first flow passages that form in (a) elastomeric matrices; (b) multiple the second flow passages that form in elastomeric matrices, itself and the array that described multiple the first flow passages intersect with defined reaction site, each reaction site is positioned at the point of crossing place of one of first and second flow passages; (c) place and isolated multiple seperating vales between reaction site along multiple the first and second flow passages, it can activated that the solution at the solution in each reaction site and other reaction site places is separated, wherein seperating vale comprises one or more control channel, and it is every from overlapping with one or more flow passages and intersect; (d) for while activated valve with by device separate reaction site.The various changes of the foundation structure of described device are imagined within the scope of the invention.Can be by using PCR method to detect microRNA in each reaction site.For example, the step that described method can comprise the following steps: (i) provide microfluidic device, described microfluidic device comprises: have by the first end of passage fluid communication with each other and the first fluid passage of the second end; Multiple fluid channels, each fluid channel ends at end wall; Wherein each fluid channel is communicated with from first fluid channel branch and with first fluid passage fluid, and wherein entering the aqueous fluid of one of fluid channel from first fluid passage can be only by first fluid passage effluent fluid passage; With, with the import that first fluid passage fluid is communicated with, this import is used for introducing sample fluid; Wherein each fluid channel is associated with valve, and described valve divides isolation by one end of fluid channel and first fluid passage when closed, forms thus the reaction site separating between valve and end wall; Control channel; Wherein each valve is deflective film, and it deflects in the fluid channel being associated with valve in the time that actuation force is put on to control channel, thus valve cuts out; And wherein, in the time that actuation force puts on control channel, the valve in each fluid channel cuts out, make to produce the reaction site separating in each fluid channel; (ii) sample fluid is introduced in import to sample fluid fill fluid passage; (iii) starting valve is to be divided into sample fluid in the separate section in fluid channel; (iv) nucleic acid in amplification sample fluid; (v) part of analytic sample fluid has produced reaction to determine whether amplification.Sample fluid can contain the nucleic acid target that can increase, for example, microRNA, and condition can be polymerase chain reaction (PCR) condition, to make reaction produce PCR product to be formed.
In one embodiment, digital pcr for detection of the PCR of microRNA, it is described in Brown etc., U.S. patent No.6, 143, 496, denomination of invention is " Method of sampling, amplifying and quantifying segment of nucleic acid, polymerase chain reaction assembly having nanoliter-sized chambers and methods of filling chambers ", with Vogelstein etc., U.S. patent No.6, 446, 706, denomination of invention is " Digital PCR ", at this, two pieces of applications are all incorporated herein as a reference by quoting.In digital pcr, distribute to make the single core acid molecule in sample to locate and concentrate in many regions that separate, the reaction site of microfluidic device described above in sample.The distribution of sample makes to count molecule by the estimation according to Poisson.As a result, various piece will contain " 0 " or " 1 " molecule, or feminine gender or positive reaction.After pcr amplification, can contain PCR end product by counting, quantitative nucleic acid is carried out in the region of positive reaction.In conventional PCR, the quantity of initial copy number and pcr amplification circulation is proportional.But digital pcr is not to depend on amplification cycles number to measure initial sample amount, thereby has eliminated the dependency of the uncertain exponent data to quantitative objective nucleic acid and absolute quantitation is provided.Therefore, described method can provide sensitive method to detect the microRNA in sample.
In one embodiment, for separating of or detect the microfluidic device of vesica and comprise that width is less than approximately 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,35,40,45,50,55 or 60mm or the passage of width between 2-60,3-50,3-40,3-30,3-20 or 4-20mm.Microchannel can have and is less than approximately 10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,45,50,55,60,65 or 70 μ m or the degree of depth between about 10-70,10-40,15-35 or 20-30 μ m.In addition, microchannel has and is less than approximately 1,2,3,3.5,4,4.5,5,5.5,6,6.5,7,7.5,8,8.5,9,9.5 or the length of 10em.Described microfluidic device can have groove on its top board, and its width is less than approximately 40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,65,70,75 or 80 μ m or between about 40-80,40-70,40-60 or 45-55 μ m.The degree of depth of described groove can be less than approximately 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,25,30,35,40,45 or 50 μ m, as between about 1-50,5-40,5-30,3-20 or 5-15 μ m.
Described microfluidic device can have and is connected in channel surface or is present in one or more bonding agents in passage.For example, described microchannel can have one or more trapping agents, such as the trapping agent for EpCam, CD9, PCSA, CD63, CD81, PSMA, B7H3, PSCA, ICAM, STEAP and EGFR.In one embodiment, microchannel surface avidin processing, and can be to injecting in described passage through biotinylated trapping agent (such as antibody) with in conjunction with avidin.In other embodiments, trapping agent is present in the chamber or miscellaneous part of microfluidic device.Trapping agent can also connect the pearl that can handle to move by microfluidic channel.In one embodiment, trapping agent connects magnetic bead.This pearl can be used magnet to handle.
Biological sample can be flowed in described microfluidic device or microchannel, its flow velocity is as at least about 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,25,30,35,40,45 or 50 μ l per minutes, as between about 1-50,5-40,5-30,3-20 or 5-15 μ l per minute.In described microfluidic device, can catch and one or more vesicas of direct-detection.Or the vesica of catching can discharge and leave described microfluidic device before analysis.In another embodiment, one or more captive vesicas of cracking can analytical pyrolysis thing in described microchannel, for example, for checking the useful load in vesica.Can make lysis buffer flow through the vesica that described passage cracking are caught.For example, lysis buffer can be flowed into described device or microchannel, its flow velocity is as at least about 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,25,26,27,28,29,30,35,40,45 or 50ul per minute, as between about 1-50,5-40,10-30,5-30 or 10-35 μ l per minute.Can collect and analyze described lysate, such as one or more biomarkers that carry out RT-PCR, PCR, mass spectrum, Western trace or other and analyze to detect described vesica.
Herein described various separation and detection systems can for separating of or detect circulating biological mark, as vesica, it provides about the diagnosis of these diseases and imbalance, prognosis, disease classification, treatment diagnosis, respondent/without the information of the prediction of respondent's state, diseases monitoring, treatment monitoring etc.The combination of isolation technique within the scope of the invention.In limiting examples, sample can move by chromatographic column, separates vesica, and then vesica can be passed through to microfluidic device with the characteristic based on as electrophoretic mobility size.Can be before these steps, among or use afterwards bonding agent.
Cell and disease specific vesica
Bonding agent disclosed herein can for separating of or detect vesica, for example cell source vesica or there is the vesica of the particular organisms marking.Described bonding agent can be used for from sample separation or detects heterogeneous vesica colony or can be used for from heterogeneous vesica colony's separation or detect homogeneous vesica colony, for example, have the cell source specificity vesica of the particular organisms marking.
Can analyze homogeneous vesica colony (such as cell source specificity vesica) and for characterizing experimenter's phenotype.Cell source specificity vesica is the vesica that is derived from particular cell types, and it can be including but not limited to the cell of particular organization, from cell, circulating tumor cell or the parent of specific target tumor or target disease tissue or the cell of fetal origin.Described vesica can be derived from tumour cell or pneumonocyte, pancreatic cell, gastric cells, intestinal cells, bladder cell, nephrocyte, gonad cell, testicular cell, skin cells, colorectal cell, mammary gland cell, prostatic cell, brain cell, oesophagus cell, liver cell, placenta cells or fetal cell.The vesica of described separation can also be from specific sample type, for example allantois bubble.
The cell source specificity vesica of biological sample can separate with cell source being had to specific one or more bonding agents.Vesica for analysis of disease or situation can separate with the biomarker of this disease or situation being had to specific one or more bonding agents.
Before cell source specificity vesica is carried out to separation and detection, can be according to mentioned above by concentrated vesica, such as by centrifugal, chromatogram or filtration, thereby before the specificity vesica of isolated cell source, obtain heterogeneous vesica colony.Or vesica described before the vesica of isolated cell source is without concentrated, or described biological sample does not carry out enrichment for vesica.
Figure 1B illustrated describe for separating of or the schema of a kind of method 6100B of identification of cell source specificity vesica.First,, in step 6102, obtain biological sample by experimenter.Described sample can derive from third party, or derives from the same side who implements described analysis.Then, in step 6104 from biological sample isolated cell source specificity vesica.In step 6106, analyze subsequently separated cell source specificity vesica, and come identification of organism mark or the biological marking for specific phenotype in step 6108.Described method can be for multiple phenotype.In some embodiments, before step 6104, vesica is concentrated or separated by biological sample, thereby obtain the vesica colony of homogeneous.For example, can separate heterogeneous vesica colony by centrifugal, chromatogram, filtration or other method mentioned above, then use especially for separating of or identify one or more bonding agents of the vesica that is derived from particular cell types.
Can be by using one or more bonding agents that combine with cell source specificity vesica with the specificity of height to carry out the biological sample isolated cell source specificity vesica from experimenter.In some cases, can carry out isolated cell source specificity vesica with single bonding agent.In other situation, can carry out isolated cell source specificity vesica with the combination of bonding agent.For example, can with at least 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,25,50,75 or 100 kind of different bonding agent carry out the vesica in isolated cell source.Therefore, can for example, by identify vesica colony (thering is the vesica of identical bonding agent spectrum) with single one or more bonding agent.
Can be according to one or more bonding agents for selecting these bonding agents for the specificity of the specific target antigen of cell source (for example, to tumour, autoimmune disease, cardiovascular disorder, sacred disease, infection or Other diseases or the relevant cell source of lacking of proper care).Described cell source can be from for diagnosis, prognosis, disease classification, treatment diagnosis, respondent/provide these diseases or the cell of the relevant information of lacking of proper care without the prediction of respondent's state, diseases monitoring, treatment monitoring etc.Described cell source can also carry out to have by oneself can be used for the cell of discovery for biomarker wherein.Can use separately or use in combination unrestricted example take the antigen of isolated cell source specificity vesica, disease specific vesica or tumour-specific vesica if the denomination of invention of submitting on April 6th, 2011 is as shown in Fig. 1 of the serial No.PCT/US2011/031479 of international patent application of " Circulating Biomarkers for Disease ", this application is all incorporated herein as a reference by quoting, and also will be described in this article.Described antigen can comprise the film conjugated antigen that bonding agent can contact.Described antigen can be and the biomarker that characterizes phenotypic correlation.
Those skilled in the art should understand, and the present invention includes any applicable antigen that can be used for separate information vesica.According to what summarize, can select the bonding agent of identified surface antigen and/or its fragment, as antibody, fit and lectin herein.Described bonding agent can be identified the antigen for required cell type or location specific, and/or the identification biomarker relevant to required cell.Described cell can be, for example, tumour cell, other diseased cells, is used as the cell of disease marker, such as the immunocyte of activation etc.Those skilled in the art should understand, and can be used for separating the vesica relevant to these cells for the bonding agent of arbitrary target cell.Those skilled in the art should be further appreciated that bonding agent disclosed herein can be used for detecting target vesica.As unrestricted example, for the bonding agent of vesica biomarker directly or indirectly mark to detect by the vesica of one or more identical or different bonding agent institute combinations.
Can be used in conjunction with to many targets of the bonding agent of cancer, autoimmune disease, cardiovascular disorder, sacred disease, infection or Other diseases or the relevant vesica of lacking of proper care shown in table 4.Can use one of antigen in this table to identify the vesica that is derived from the cell that one of imbalance to listed is relevant.Described bonding agent (as antibody or fit) can be identified epi-position, its fragment of listed antigen, or bonding agent can be for suitable being used in combination arbitrarily.Also can identify other antigen relevant to described disease or imbalance to identify described vesica.Those skilled in the art should understand, and the present invention includes any applicable antibody that can be used for appreciation information vesica for separating, catching or detect, thereby identifies vesica.
Table 4: for the identification of the illustrative antigen of various diseases and imbalance
Figure BPA0000186429140000761
Figure BPA0000186429140000771
Figure BPA0000186429140000781
Figure BPA0000186429140000791
Previous table 4, and other biological mark disclosed herein list is illustrative, and applicant considers in conjunction with disclosed various biomarkers between various various disease states or situation.For example, method of the present invention can be used the various biomarkers between various various disease or illness, and wherein biomarker can be used for providing diagnosis, prognosis or the treatment diagnosis marking.In one embodiment, disclosed herein or vasculogenesis known in the art, inflammatory or Ia antigen (or biomarker) can in method of the present invention to screen the biological sample of the biological marking in identifying.In fact, the various marks that the handiness that applicant evaluates the multiple method of microcapsule bubble colony has promoted to evaluate different syndromes or disease (and in some cases, overlapping mark), the nosetiology of these different syndromes or disease may have specific Cell and organism and learn mechanism, for example, relate to the various cancers for the biomarker of vasculogenesis or immunne response regulation and control or adjusting.The combination of these overlapping biomarkers and tissue or cell-specific biomarker, together with the relevant biomarker of microcapsule bubble, provides a series of powerful tools for implementing method and composition of the present invention.
Use method mentioned above, can carry out the specific vesica in isolated cell source with new junction agent.In addition, can also use the separation method of the Cell binding companion body based on these vesicas or bonding agent to come from the specific vesica in biological sample isolated cell source.These Cell binding companion bodys can include but not limited to peptide, protein, RNA, DNA, fit, cell or the relevant protein of serum, they only in the time there are one or more specific biological marks in conjunction with these vesicas.Can or implement separation or the detection of the specific vesica of cell source in conjunction with the combination of the companion body or bonding agent with the single combination companion body or bonding agent, being used singly or in combination of the described companion body or bonding agent produces the specific separation of cell source or detection.In Fig. 2 of the international patent application series No.PCT/US2011/031479 that the denomination of invention that the unrestricted example of these bonding agents was submitted on April 6th, 2011 is " Circulating Biomarkers for Disease ", provide, this application is all incorporated herein as a reference by quoting.For example, can use one or more bonding agents to separate for characterizing the vesica of mammary cancer, wherein said bonding agent includes but not limited to oestrogenic hormon, progesterone, Herceptin, CCND1, MYC PNA, IGF-1PNA, MYC PNA, SC4 are fit (Ku), AII-7 is fit (ERB2), Gal-3, Saliva Orthana type O-glycan, L-PHA, half lactadherin-9 or their any combination.
Bonding agent can also be according to the i) existence to the specific antigen of cell source specificity vesica tool, ii) to not the existing of the specific mark of the specific vesica tool of cell source, or iii) expression level to the specific biomarker of the specific vesica tool of cell source and for separating of or detect the specific vesica of cell source.Heterogeneous vesica colony can be put on the surface that is coated with specific-binding agent, wherein said bonding agent is designed to get rid of or confirm the cell source feature of vesica.Various bonding agents can be listed in solid surface or substrate as antibody, and can make described heterogeneous vesica colony and described solid surface or substrate contact be enough to occur the interactional time.Then, with the specific binding of described array surface or suprabasil given antibody location or non-binding can be for the identification of the antigen-specific feature given cell source to specific vesica colony., binding events can provide the signal of the vesica of the antigen that has the antibody recognition with combination.On the contrary, shortage binding events can provide the signal of the vesica of the antigen that does not have the antibody recognition with combination.
According to mentioned above, can use magnetic catching method, fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) or laser cell counting to carry out the specific vesica of enrichment or isolated cell source with one or more bonding agents.Magnetic catching method can include but not limited to use magnetic activating cells sorter (MACS) microballon or magnetic post.Operable immunity is affine with the example of magnetic-particle method in U.S. Patent No. 4,551, describes to some extent in 435,4,795,698,4,925,788,5,108,933,5,186,827,5,200,084 or 5,158,871.Can also be according to U.S. Patent No. 7,399, the general method described in 632, carrys out the specific vesica in isolated cell source by using to the combination of the specific antigen of vesica tool.
With respect to biological sample, for separating of or additionally described in enrichment any other proper method of cell source specificity vesica also can be used in combination with the present invention.For example, size exclusion chromatography (example gel infiltration post), centrifugal or density gradient centrifugation and filter method can use with antigen selection Combination of Methods as herein described.Also can be according to Koga etc., Anticancer Research, 25:3703-3708 (2005), Taylor etc., Gynecologic Oncology, 110:13-21 (2008), Nanjee horse, Clin Chem, 2000; 46:207-223 or U.S. Patent No. 7,232, the method described in 653 separates described cell source specificity vesica.
Can separate and/or detect vesica so that diagnosis, prognosis, disease classification, treatment diagnosis, respondent/without the prediction of respondent's state, diseases monitoring, treatment monitoring etc. to be provided.In one embodiment, from suffering from the cellular segregation vesica of disease or imbalance, for example, be derived from the cell of tumour or malignancy, autoimmune disorders position, cardiovascular disorder, sacred disease or infection.In some embodiments, the vesica separating is derived from and these diseases or the relevant cell of lacking of proper care, for example, the immunocyte playing a role in the nosetiology of described disease, and provide diagnosis, prognosis, disease classification, treatment diagnosis, respondent/without the prediction of respondent's state, diseases monitoring, treatment monitoring etc. and these diseases or the relevant information of lacking of proper care to the analysis of described cell.Vesica further can be used for finding new biomarker.As described herein, be tested and appraised the biomarker relevant to vesica, can evaluate the vesica of separation for characterizing phenotype.
In some embodiments, method of the present invention relates to by evaluating from the one or more microcapsule bubble colony existing in individual biological sample and characterizes the existence of cancer in individuality or the possibility that cancer occurs.Can separate microcapsule bubble by one or more methods disclosed herein or this area practice.
By the biomarker Characteristics of microcapsule bubble colony or the biological marking are characterized with diagnosis, prognosis or the treatment diagnosis of comparing to provide test sample with reference to sample, such microcapsule bubble colony can be provided for individually or jointly separately individual disease phenotype and characterize.
Can evaluate vesica colony from for example various biological sample disclosed herein and body fluid.
Biomarker is evaluated
In one aspect of the invention, for example, characterize patient's phenotype by existence, level, amount or the concentration of the one or more circulating biological mark colonies (, circulating vesica, albumen or nucleic acid) in analysis of biological samples and definite sample.In some embodiments, characterize and comprise whether the circulating biological mark of determining in sample changes compared with reference, with reference to being also called standard or contrast.Change can comprise any measurable difference between sample and reference, include but not limited to absolute being or do not exist, quantitatively level, with reference to compared with relative level, for example, the level of the level of the vesica of all existence, house keeper's mark and/or mix level, the reduction of level, the rising of (spiked-in) mark level, cross sequence, the modification (glycosylation, phosphorylation, epigenetic variation) etc. expressed, express deficiency, differential expression, sudden change or other changes.In some embodiments, before measured quantity, purifying or concentrated circulating biological mark from sample." purifying " or " separation " refers to partially or completely purifying or separation unless otherwise noted, as used in this article.In other embodiments, from the direct evaluation cycle biomarker of sample, the purifying before not having or concentrated.Circulating vesica can be cell source specificity vesica or the vesica with the specific biological marking.The biological marking comprises the AD HOC of biomarker, for example, represents to wish the biomarker pattern of the phenotype (as disease phenotype) detecting.The biological marking can comprise one or more circulating biological marks.Can, characterizing phenotype, during as diagnosis, prognosis, treatment diagnosis or predicated response person/without respondent's state, use the biological marking.In some embodiments, the biological marking is for determining physiology or biological condition, as gestation or pregnant stage.The biological marking can also be used for determining the treatment stage of effect, disease or situation or the progress of disease or situation.For example, the amount of one or more vesicas can be directly proportional or inverse ratio to going forward one by one of disease stage or process.The vesica amount detecting also can be used for progress or the reaction of monitoring patient to treatment of monitoring of diseases or situation.
Can be by assessments biomarker that the level of circulating biological mark and reference level or value are compared.Reference point can be specific for physics or end time.For example, reference point can from the same experimenter who carries out sample evaluating, or reference point can derive from representational sample colony (for example, from the sample of normal patient that does not show disease symptoms).Therefore, reference point can provide the threshold measurement value that it can be compared with experimenter's sample reading of the biological marking of analyzing in given sample.The data that can collect according to the many groups sample by corresponding to specific cohort are set this reference point, wherein said cohort include but not limited to age (for example adult of newborn infant, baby, teenager, youth, middle aged adult, old age and different ages), ethnic group/ethnic group, normal people to ill experimenter, smoker, non-smoker, the experimenter that receives treatment to untreated experimenter, there is different treatment times point or its combination of the individual or group of the particular subject of similar diagnosis or treatment.In addition,, by particular individual being measured to the biological marking of difference treatment times point, can monitor reaction or monitoring individual disease for the treatment of or the progress of situation of described individuality to treatment.
Reference point can be based on by identical the sample of patient evaluation to a volume tracing is provided.In some embodiments, provide with the reference point of setting up for this patient before and better compared from the frequent detection of the biological marking in experimenter's sample.Use such time course to measure and allow doctor to evaluate more accurately experimenter's disease stage or progress, and therefore know that better treatment determines.In some cases, while comparing experimenter's self the biological marking along with the time, the variation of the biological marking reduces, therefore allow to limit personalized threshold value for this experimenter, for example, the threshold value of diagnosing.Change that to make each individuality be that the optimized analysis of disease or physiological status plays himself longitudinally effect of contrast in temporal patient.As illustrative example, consider along with being derived from the vesica level of prostatic cell in time measurement experimenter blood.In blood samples of patients, the surge (spike) of the level of the derivative vesica of prostate gland can represent the hyper-proliferative of prostatic cell, for example, and because prostate cancer causes.
Can, for the unaffected individuality (thering is different ages, ethnic background and sex) without specific phenotype, set up reference point by the target organism marking of measuring in unaffected individuality.For example, the reference point of reference group can be as the baseline that detects one or more circulating biological mark colonies in test subject.If have the level similar to described reference point or value from experimenter's sample, described experimenter can be accredited as and not suffer from described disease, or the low possibility of described disease occurs.
Or, can, for the individuality with particular phenotype, set up reference point or level by the amount of measuring one or more vesica colonies in the individuality with described phenotype.In addition, can be for the index of specific phenotype establishment value.For example, different disease stages can have different values, such as deriving from the individuality with the various disease stage.Can be by experimenter's value and described index comparison, and can determine diagnosis or the prognosis of described disease, for example wherein stage or the process of experimenter's level and the maximally related disease of this index.In other embodiments, created the index of value for curative effect.For example, can set up the individual vesica level of suffering from specified disease, and indicate for this individuality which type for the treatment of be effective.Described level can be for creating the value that compare with experimenter's value, and can process or treatment for this individual selection, for example, and by may be that treatment is respondent or non-respondent from experimenter described in described horizontal forecast.
In some embodiments, can separate or detect circulating biological mark with the antigen of the biomarker of target particular cancers specifically, thereby determine reference point for the individuality that not affected by described particular cancers.As limiting examples, can use with for uninfluenced individuality described constructed inspection suffer from the individuality of different steps colorectal carcinoma and non-cancer polyp, and can measure the circulating vesica level of each group.In some embodiments, described level is defined as coming from the mean value ± standard deviation of at least two independent experiments to repeat at least in duplicate or in triplicate.Can use statistical test to carry out comparison between these groups to determine the statistical significance of distinguishing viewed biomarker.In some embodiments, statistical significance is determined in operation parameter statistical test.Described parametric statistical test can include but not limited to, fractional factorial design, variance analysis (ANOVA), t check, method of least squares, Pearson are relevant, simple linear regression, non-linear regression, multivariate linear regression or Multiple Non Linear Regression.Or described parametric statistical test can comprise one-way analysis of variance, two-way analysis of variance or replicate measurement variance analysis.In other embodiments, use nonparametric statistics check to determine statistical significance.The example includes but not limited to, Wilcoxen signed rank test (Wilcoxon signed-rank test), graceful-Whitney check (Mann-Whitney test), Kruskal-Wallis check, friedman's test (Friedman test), Spearman Rank correlation coefficient (Spearman ranked order correlation coefficient), Kendall Tau analysis and non parametric regression check.In some embodiments, statistical significance is determined under the p value lower than 0.05,0.01,0.005,0.001,0.0005 or 0.0001.Also can proofread and correct p value for multiple comparisons, for example, use that Bang Fulangni proofreaies and correct (Bonferroni correction), it improves one's methods or other technology known to those of skill in the art, as Hochberg proofreaies and correct, Holm-Bonferroni proofreaies and correct,
Figure BPA0000186429140000841
correction, Dunnett ' s proofread and correct or Tukey ' s multiple comparisons.In some embodiments, for carrying out comparing after the check from the biomarker of each colony, after ANOVA, carried out Tukey ' s and proofreaied and correct.Utilize multivariate modeling technique to build sorter by described or technology known in the art herein, comprise thereby can evaluate the biological marking that exceedes a kind of mark.
Can also set up reference point for the recurrence monitoring of disease (or deterioration stage) in MS, be used for the treatment of reaction monitoring or for predicated response person/non-respondent's state.
In some embodiments, use artificial vesica (being also called synthetic vesica herein) to measure the reference point of vesica.Method for the preparation of artificial vesica is known to those skilled in the art, as used liposome.Can use the method being disclosed in US20060222654 and US4448765 to prepare artificial vesica, it is incorporated to herein in full by reference.Can use markers with known to build artificial vesica is beneficial to catch and/or detect.In some embodiments, before processing, artificial vesica is mixed in body sample.Can during processing, follow the tracks of the level (for example, use and filter or other separation method disclosed herein) of complete synthetic vesica so that the contrast of the vesica amount of initial sample to processing sample to be provided.Similarly, artificial vesica mixes in sample before or after can managing in an arbitrary point step.In some embodiments, artificial vesica is for calibrating the equipment for vesica separation and detection.
Artificial vesica can and use the feasibility of contrast with test analysis (such as the analysis based on pearl) through preparation.Described artificial vesica and described pearl and with detect antibodies.Therefore aminoacid sequence/conformation that, described artificial vesica comprises each antibodies.Described artificial vesica can comprise protein purification or the synthetic peptide sequence of antibodies.Described artificial vesica can be the pearl that can make biomolecules be attached thereto, as polystyrene bead.If described pearl has available carboxylic group, described protein or peptide can be incorporated into described pearl via available amino group, such as using carbodiimide coupling.
In another embodiment, described artificial vesica can be the polystyrene bead that is coated with avidin, and vitamin H is placed in selected protein or peptide when synthetic or by vitamin H-maleimide chemical reaction.The proteins/peptides being placed on pearl can be mixed under the peculiar ratio of the application that will use described artificial vesica, and subsequently with described pearl coupling.These artificial vesicas can play a role as the connection of catching pearl and detect between antibody subsequently, provide therefrom contrast working properly in order to show the component of described analysis.
Described value can be quantitative value or value qualitatively.Described value can be directly the measuring of vesica level (for example mass/volume), or is indirect measurement, such as the amount of specific biological mark.Described value can be quantitative, for example numerical value.In other embodiments, described value for qualitatively, for example, does not have the vesica of vesica, low-level vesica, medium level, high-caliber vesica or its modification.
Reference point can be stored in database, and can for example, for example, according to the amount of the level of circulating biological mark or amount (total amount of vesica or microRNA) or vesica or microRNA special group (the specific vesica of cell source or microRNA or from the microRNA of vesica with the particular organisms marking) and as the diagnosis with reference to for disease or situation, prognosis, treatment diagnosis, disease classification, diseases monitoring, treatment monitoring, respondent/without the prediction of respondent's state.In an illustrative example, the method for determining cancer diagnosis is taken in.Be assessed and be stored in database from vesica or other circulating biological marks suffered from or do not suffer from the reference subject of described cancer.Described reference subject provides the biological marking of the described cancer of indication or another state (as state of health).Subsequent analysis compares from the sample of test subject and by the biological marking in the biological marking of microRNA and described database.If described experimenter's the biological marking is more closely relevant to the reference point of indication cancer, can make the diagnosis of cancer.On the contrary, if described experimenter's the biological marking is more closely relevant to the reference point of indication state of health, can determine that described experimenter does not suffer from described disease.Those skilled in the art should understand, and this example is nonrestrictive and can be expanded for assessment of other phenotype, as Other diseases, prognosis, treatment diagnosis, disease classification, diseases monitoring, treatment monitoring or respondent/non-respondent's status predication etc.
Can, by detecting circulating biological mark (as, vesica), comprise the biomarker relevant to vesica, as surface antigen or useful load, and be identified for characterizing the biological marking of phenotype.Can in vesica, assess useful load, for example, protein or RNA material, as mRNA or microRNA.Or, in the situation that useful load not being separated from vesica, the useful load in sample is analyzed to characterize described phenotype.Exist many analytical technologies to can be used for assessing vesica.In some embodiments, can identify according to mass spectrometry, flow cytometry, immunocytochemical stain, Westerrn trace, electrophoresis, chromatogram or x radiocrystallography for methods known in the art the level of vesica.For example, can be according to Clayton etc., Journal of Immunological Methods2001; Described in 163-174, use flow cytometry to identify and quantitative measurment vesica, described document is incorporated herein by reference in full.According to the level that can determine with bonding agent vesica mentioned above.For example, the bonding agent of vesica can be labeled, then certification mark thing the amount for definite sample vesica.As described above, described bonding agent can be incorporated into substrate, such as array or particle.Or, directly mark vesica.
Electrophoretic tag or eTag can be for measuring the amount of vesica.ETag is the little fluorescence molecule being connected with nucleic acid or antibody, and is designed to respectively and a kind of specific nucleic acid sequence or protein bound.After eTag is combined with its target, use the combining eTag of enzyme to cut from target.In the signal being produced by the eTag discharging (being called " report thing ") and sample, the amount of target nucleic acid or protein is proportional.Can identify eTag report thing by capillary electrophoresis.Unique charge-to-mass ratio (, its electric charge is divided by its molecular weight) of each eTag report thing shows it on capillary electrophoresis reading with specific peak.Thus, by by eTag target in the particular organisms mark of vesica, can measure amount or the level of vesica.
Can for example, determine vesica level by heterogeneous vesica colony (the total vesica colony in sample).Or, by the vesica colony of homogeneous or in fact the vesica colony of homogeneous determine vesica level, such as the level of specific cells source vesica, as the vesica from prostate cancer cell.In other embodiment again, measure the level of the vesica for example, with specific biomarker or biomarker combinations (prostate cancer being had to specific biomarker).Measure vesica level and can be combined with the biomarker of definite vesica or biomarker combinations enforcement.Or, can be before determining the biomarker of vesica or biomarker combinations or measure afterwards the amount of vesica.
Can analyze in multiple mode the mensuration of vesica amount.For example, can measure for example, amount more than a kind of vesica colony (thering are the different cell source specificity vesicas of different biomarkers or biomarker combinations), as disclosed herein those.
Conventionally use the performance of statistics means assessment diagnosis or related check.Can assess by measuring sensitivity, specificity and calculation of correlation the performance of described sign.For example, level that can evaluating objects circulating biological mark is to characterize phenotype, as detected disease.Measure described analysis for the sensitivity and the specificity that detect described disease.
True positives is to have feature (as disease or imbalance) correctly to be differentiated the experimenter for feature as described in having.False positive is accredited as by described test the experimenter who has described feature and do not have described feature undeservedly.True negative is correctly accredited as the experimenter without described feature without described feature by described test.False negative is have described feature and be accredited as undeservedly the people without this feature by described test.The ability that these classifications are distinguished in described test provides the tolerance of test performance.
The specificity of test is defined as true negative number divided by actual negative (, true negative and false positive sum) number.Specificity is that how many experimenters are correctly differentiated negative measuring.It is all actual negative that 100% specificity means that described test identifies, and for example, whole healthy personages should be identified as health.Lower specificity shows that more feminine gender can be confirmed as the positive.
The sensitivity of test is defined as true positives number divided by actual positive (, true positives and false negative sum) number.Sensitivity is that how many experimenters are correctly differentiated positive measuring.100% sensitivity mean described test identify whole actual positive-for example, whole ill personages should be identified as ill.Lower sensitivity shows that the more positive can be defined as feminine gender mistakenly.
The accuracy of test is defined as the number of true positives and true negative divided by all true positives and false positive and all true negative and false negative sum.It provides one sensitivity and specificity are measured to the numerical value combining.
Under specific identification threshold value, determine sensitivity, specificity and accuracy.For example, the common threshold that prostate cancer (PCa) detects is the prostate specific antigen (PSA) of 4ng/mL in serum.The PSA level that is equal to or higher than described threshold value be considered to for PCa be positive and under any level be considered to negative.Along with changes of threshold, sensitivity and specificity also change.For example, along with the threshold value that detects cancer improves, specificity improves, and this is that it has caused false positive still less because be more difficult to take experimenter as the positive.Meanwhile, sensitivity will reduce.Experimenter's performance curve (ROC curve) is along with changes of threshold, the schematic diagram of the True Positive Rate (being sensitivity) of Dual classification system to false positive rate (, 1-specificity).Described ROC curve display sensitivity and specificity how to change along with changes of threshold.The area under curve (AUC) of ROC curve provides the total count value of the test performance of indication on the gamut of threshold value.Described AUC equals classification the positive sample of selecting is at random classified as to the probability higher than the random cloudy shape sample of selecting.0.5 AUC shows that described test has the probability of 50% suitable classification, and it is equivalent to without identification power (toss a coin also have 50% correct classification probability).1.0 AUC means that described test is suitably to whole experimenter's classifications (classification).AUC is equal to Wilcoxon rank test.
According to the biological marking of the present invention can for so that few 50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69 or 70% sensitivity (for example, with at least 71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86 or 87% sensitivity) characterize phenotype.In some embodiments, described phenotype with at least 87.1,87.2,87.3,87.4,87.5,87.6,87.7,87.8,87.9,88.0 or 89% sensitivity characterize, for example at least 90% sensitivity.Described phenotype can with at least 91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99 or 100% sensitivity characterize.
Can be for so that few 50 according to the biological marking of the present invention, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96 or 97% specificity (for example, with at least 97.1, 97.2, 97.3, 97.4, 97.5, 97.6, 97.7, 97.8, 97.8, 97.9, 98.0, 98.1, 98.2, 98.3, 98.4, 98.5, 98.6, 98.7, 98.8, 98.9, 99.0, 99.1, 99.2, 99.3, 99.4, 99.5, 99.6, 99.7, 99.8, 99.9 or 100% specificity) characterize experimenter's phenotype.
Can be for so that few 50% sensitivity and at least 60,65,70,75,80,85,90,95,99 or 100% specificity according to the biological marking of the present invention; At least 55% sensitivity and at least 60,65,70,75,80,85,90,95,99 or 100% specificity; At least 60% sensitivity and at least 60,65,70,75,80,85,90,95,99 or 100% specificity; At least 65% sensitivity and at least 60,65,70,75,80,85,90,95,99 or 100% specificity; At least 70% sensitivity and at least 60,65,70,75,80,85,90,95,99 or 100% specificity; At least 80% sensitivity and at least 60,65,70,75,80,85,90,95,99 or 100% specificity; At least 85% sensitivity and at least 60,65,70,75,80,85,90,95,99 or 100% specificity; At least 86% sensitivity and at least 60,65,70,75,80,85,90,95,99 or 100% specificity; At least 87% sensitivity and at least 60,65,70,75,80,85,90,95,99 or 100% specificity; At least 88% sensitivity and at least 60,65,70,75,80,85,90,95,99 or 100% specificity; At least 89% sensitivity and at least 60,65,70,75,80,85,90,95,99 or 100% specificity; At least 90% sensitivity and at least 60,65,70,75,80,85,90,95,99 or 100% specificity; At least 91% sensitivity and at least 60,65,70,75,80,85,90,95,99 or 100% specificity; At least 92% sensitivity and at least 60,65,70,75,80,85,90,95,99 or 100% specificity; At least 93% sensitivity and at least 60,65,70,75,80,85,90,95,99 or 100% specificity; At least 94% sensitivity and at least 60,65,70,75,80,85,90,95,99 or 100% specificity; At least 95% sensitivity and at least 60,65,70,75,80,85,90,95,99 or 100% specificity; At least 96% sensitivity and at least 60,65,70,75,80,85,90,95,99 or 100% specificity; At least 97% sensitivity and at least 60,65,70,75,80,85,90,95,99 or 100% specificity; At least 98% sensitivity and at least 60,65,70,75,80,85,90,95,99 or 100% specificity; At least 99% sensitivity and at least 60,65,70,75,80,85,90,95,99 or 100% specificity; Or be essentially 100% sensitivity and at least 60,65,70,75,80,85,90,95,99 or 100% specificity characterize experimenter's phenotype (for example, based on microRNA level or further feature), for example, the level based on circulating biological mark or further feature.
Can be for so that few 60 according to the biological marking of the present invention, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96 or 97% accuracy (for example, with at least 97.1, 97.2, 97.3, 97.4, 97.5, 97.6, 97.7, 97.8, 97.8, 97.9, 98.0, 98.1, 98.2, 98.3, 98.4, 98.5, 98.6, 98.7, 98.8, 98.9, 99.0, 99.1, 99.2, 99.3, 99.4, 99.5, 99.6, 99.7, 99.8, 99.9 or 100% accuracy) characterize experimenter's phenotype.
In some embodiments, can be for so that few 0.60 according to the biological marking of the present invention, 0.61, 0.62, 0.63, 0.64, 0.65, 0.66, 0.67, 0.68, 0.69, 0.70, 0.71, 0.72, 0.73, 0.74, 0.75, 0.76, 0.77, 0.78, 0.79, 0.80, 0.81, 0.82, 0.83, 0.84, 0.85, 0.86, 0.87, 0.88, 0.89, 0.90, 0.91, 0.92, 0.93, 0.94, 0.95, 0.96 or 0.97 AUC is (for example, with at least 0.971, 0.972, 0.973, 0.974, 0.975, 0.976, 0.977, 0.978, 0.978, 0.979, 0.980, 0.981, 0.982, 0.983, 0.984, 0.985, 0.986, 0.987, 0.988, 0.989, 0.99, 0.991, 0.992, 0.993, 0.994, 0.995, 0.996, 0.997, 0.998, 0.999 or 1.00 AUC) characterize experimenter's phenotype.
In addition, can with at least 50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98 or 99% degree of confidence be identified for measuring the confidence level of specificity, sensitivity, accuracy or AUC.
Measuring of other correlated performance comprises positive and negative likelihood ratio [positive LR=sensitivity/(1-specificity); Negative LR=(1-sensitivity)/specificity].These measure the test performance that also can be used for estimating the method according to this invention.
Classification
The biological marking according to the present invention can be used for sample classification.Identification analytical technology it is known to those skilled in the art that.For example, can classify sample as or be predicted as respondent or the non-respondent for the given treatment for given disease or imbalance.Multiple statistical discriminant technique it is known to those skilled in the art that.In supervised learning method, use statistical classification methods analyst from the sample sets of two or more groups.One or more biomarkers that can find to can be used for setting up the sorter of distinguishing described two or more groups, for example, one group forms the biomarker of the biological marking.Thereby can analyze subsequently new sample can be associated described fresh sample described sorter with in described two or more groups one group.Conventional supervised classifier includes but not limited to neural network (multilayer perceptron), SVMs, k next-door neighbour algorithm, gauss hybrid models, Gaussian processes, naive Bayesian method (naive Bayes), decision tree and RBF (RBF) sorter.Linear classification comprises expense snow linear discriminant (Fisher ' s linear discriminant), logistic regression, Naive Bayes Classifier, perceptron and SVMs (SVM).Comprise quadratic classifier, k next-door neighbour algorithm, strengthen algorithm, decision tree, random forest method, neural network, pattern recognition, Bayesian network (Bayesian networks) and hidden Markov model (Hidden Markov models) for other sorter of the present invention.Technician should be appreciated that, these and other sorter (comprise disclosed herein or known in the art those changes and improvements) is conceived within the scope of the present invention.
Can comprise that the multivariate model of the existence of one or more biomarkers or the biological marking of level comprises following for evaluating:
linear discriminant analysis (LDA)
LDA is the sorting technique of fully understanding, and its situation for the general normal distribution that wherein predictor is followed can be carried out well.Described method can be used as the more benchmark of complicated approach.
diagonal lines linear discriminant analysis (DLDA)
DLDA is independently discriminatory analysis form of supposition predictor, and one may not remain really and suppose.But in the time that training dataset is too little so that can not correctly estimate the covariance between predictor, the DLDA model of matching can surpass more complicated model all the time completely.
shrink barycenter discriminatory analysis (SCDA)
The method is commonly referred to " PAM " (for forecast analysis of microarray) in mRNA microarray group.The method is similar to other methods for discriminatory analysis, but uses the more variance estimation of strong (stablizing).
sVMs (SVM)
SVM is popular machine learning kind.In the time that predictor is not easy to change into multivariate normal distribution, SVM is usually better than traditional statistics method.Final SVM model can be expressed in the mode very identical with LDA model.
gradient based on tree promotes (GBM)
The method produces binary decision tree, and the tree that use " lifting " is carried out a little less than combining with weighting scheme, to form stronger set.
lasso trick (Lasso)
The method is used " lasso trick " penalized maximum likelihood method to carry out matching Logic Regression Models.The method tends to select a kind of representational mark from one group of height correlation mark, thereby the coefficient of residue mark is returned to null value.
Can use " training " collection of sample to build sorter and use independently sample " test " to collect the performance of testing described model and estimate sorter.In this area, can estimate estimated performance by other technologies, as intersection-proof method.One takes turns intersection-checking relates to data sample is divided into complementary subset, a subset (training set) is analyzed, and other subsets (checking collection or test set) are verified to this analysis.In order to reduce variability, can use distinct portions to carry out the intersect-checking of many wheels, and described the result is averaged on these are taken turns.Intersection-the checking of common type comprises following:
intersect-the checking of K-folding
Sample sets is divided into k-part.A part is as test set, and remainder is as training set.Each in these parts is used once as test set, and this process is repeated to (or k folding) k time.The performance of sorter model is averaged these iteration.10-folding cross validation is common, although size, computational resource etc. are selected other numbers per sample.
intersect-the checking of 2-folding
This is the simple form of k-folding checking, wherein data is divided into the group of two equal sizes, and by the each group of training and testing for alternate wheel.
stay one (leave one out) cross validation
In the method, from extracting simple sample out for the group testing, and remaining sample is used for to training.If each sample uses once as test sample, the method is the form of k-folding cross validation, and wherein the number of iteration equals the number of sample.
repeat randomly sub-sampled checking
In the method, extract random subset for training and for every test set of taking turns test.As a result, in whole proof procedure, each sample may be used for test and train when difference.
Use the classification that measure of supervision carries out conventionally to implement by following method:
For solve supervised learning given problem (as, study distinguish two kinds of biological aspects), conventionally consider various different steps:
1. obtain training set.This can comprise, for example, and from suffering from or the experimenter of do not take a disease disease or imbalance, knownly responding or unresponsive experimenter, its disease have development or the sample without experimenter of development etc. for treatment.Described training sample is for " training " described sorter.
2. the input " feature " of determining learning function (learned function) represents.The accuracy of described learning function depends on how to represent input object.Generally input object is transformed into proper vector, it comprises the multiple features for described object factory.Due to the cause of dimension disaster (curse of dimensionality), the number of feature should be not excessive; But should be even as big as the output that calculates to a nicety.Described feature can comprise one group of biomarker, all as described herein those.
3. determine structure and the corresponding learning algorithm of learning function.Select learning algorithm, for example, artificial neural network, decision tree, Bayes classifier or SVMs.Described learning algorithm is used for setting up this sorter.
4. set up described sorter.Learning algorithm moves the training set being collected.Can by optimize the Asia of described training set collection (be called checking collection) performance or pass through cross validation and adjust the parameter of described learning algorithm.After parameter adjustment and study, can be in the upper performance of measuring described algorithm of the test set of primary sample (it separates with described training set).
Once determine as mentioned above sorter, it can be used for sample classification, for example, the experimenter's who analyzes with method of the present invention sample.For example, can use suffer from and the reference subject of disease of not taking a disease in the data of target circulation biomarker level set up sorter as described training set and test set.Circulating biological marker levels seen in sample from test subject is assessed and described sorter suffers from or do not suffer from described disease for described experimenter is categorized as.The another example of lifting, can use found for specified disease respond or unresponsive reference subject in the data of target vesica biomarker level set up sorter as described training set and test set.Vesica biomarker level seen in sample from test subject is assessed and described sorter is suffered from or do not suffer from described disease for described experimenter is categorized as.
Also can be by unsupervised learning method for the present invention.Clustering procedure is a kind of unsupervised learning method, and wherein clustering algorithm carries out association by series of samples in the situation that of applying marking not.The most similarly sample is classified into " group ".New sample can be categorized in group and thus and sort out with its tightst other associated member.The known a large amount of clustering algorithms of those skilled in the art can be used for the present invention, such as hierarchical clustering method.
The biological marking
Obtain the biological marking according to the present invention by assessment vesica colony, comprise vesica associated biomolecule mark and/or the circulating biological mark of surface and useful load, comprise microRNA and protein.The biological marking that is derived from experimenter can be used for characterizing described experimenter's phenotype.The biological marking can further comprise the level of one or more other biomarkers, for example, and circulating biological mark or the biomarker relevant to target vesica.The biological marking of target vesica can comprise the specific antigen or the biomarker that are present on described vesica.The described biological marking also can comprise one or more antigens or biomarker, and it is carried as the useful load in vesica, comprises the microRNA of testing.The described biological marking can comprise one or more antigens of being present on vesica (it has one or more biomarkers that detect in vesica) or the combination of biomarker.The described biological marking can further comprise the out of Memory about vesica except biomarker.These information can comprise in vesica size, circulating half-life, metabolic half life and body or external given activity.The described biological marking can comprise described biomarker or for setting up the further feature of sorter.
In some embodiments, directly in biological sample, detect microRNA.For example, the RNA in body fluid can use commercially available test kit to separate, such as mirVana test kit (Applied Biosystems/Ambion, Austin, TX), MagMAX tMrNA separating kit (Applied Biosystems/Ambion, Austin, TX) and QIAzol Lysis Reagent and RNeasy Midi test kit (Qiagen Inc., Valencia CA).Can be according to below describing the particular types that uses array or round pcr to measure microRNA.
In some embodiments, the microRNA useful load of vesica is assessed to characterize phenotype.Can purifying or concentrated described vesica, then definite described biological marking.For example, separable cell source specificity vesica measure its biological marking.Or, can be without purifying in advance or the direct biological marking from sample determination vesica concentrated in the situation that.The biological marking of the present invention can be diagnosed for diagnosis, prognosis or the treatment of determining disease or situation, or similar measuring as herein described.The biological marking can also be used for determining the treatment stage of effect, disease or situation or the process of disease or situation or respondent/non-respondent's state.In addition, the biological marking can be for determining physiological status, for example gestation.
Can in vesica or the vesica feature of vesica itself assess to determine the biological marking.Described feature can be for the stage of diagnosis, detection or definite disease or process, the treatment meaning of disease or situation, or for characterizing physiological status.Timeliness assessment, circulating vesica transformation period, the metabolic half life of vesica or the activity of vesica that these features include but not limited to the size of the level of vesica or amount, vesica, the vesica transformation period is changed.
One or more protein or peptide (for example providing protein imprinted), nucleic acid (for example, as described in the RNA marking or the DNA marking), lipid (for example lipid marking) or their combination are provided the biomarker that can comprise in the biological marking.In some embodiments, the described biological marking (for example can also comprise the type of the medicine that is present in vesica or drug metabolite or amount, provide the medicine marking), because these medicines can by described biological sample available from experimenter take in, this has produced the vesica of the metabolite that carries described medicine or described medicine.
The biological marking also can comprise one or more biomarkers expression level, existence, do not exist, sudden change, varient, number of copies variation, brachymemma, repetition, modification or molecule association.Genetic variant or nucleotide variants refer to variation or the change at specific gene seat of gene or cDNA sequence, and it includes but not limited to, nucleotide base disappearance, insertion, inversion and displacement in coding and non-coding region.Disappearance can be a part or the disappearance in a region or the disappearance of complete genome sequence of the nucleotide sequence of the disappearance of mononucleotide base, described gene.Insertion can be the insertion of one or more nucleotide bases.Described genetic variant can be present in untranslated region, exon, intron or the exon/intron connecting zone of transcriptional control region, mRNA.Described genetic variant can cause or not cause the genetic transcription thing splicing form of terminator codon, frameshit, aminoacid deletion, change or the aminoacid sequence of change.
In embodiments, the biological nucleic acid mark the nucleic acid useful load in vesica carries out the assessment of nucleotide variants.Described biological nucleic acid mark can comprise one or more RNA materials, for example, mRNA, miRNA, snoRNA, snRNA, rRNA, tRNA, siRNA, hnRNA, shRNA, enhanser RNA (enhancer RNA) are (eRNA) or its combination.Similarly, can assess DNA useful load to form the DNA marking.
The RNA marking or the DNA marking also can comprise the outer genetic modification of sudden change, or are present in RNA in vesica or the genetic variant analysis of DNA.Outer genetic modification comprises DNA methylation pattern.For example, referring to Lesche R. and Eckhardt F., DNA methylation markers:a versatile diagnostic tool for routine clinical use.Curr Opin Mol Ther.2007 June; 9 (3): 222-30, it is incorporated to herein in full by reference.Therefore, biomarker can be the methylation state of DNA fragmentation.
The biological marking can comprise one or more miRNA markings that combine with one or more other markings (including but not limited to the mRNA marking, the DNA marking, protein imprinted, the peptide marking, the antigen marking or their any combination).For example, the described biological marking can comprise one or more miRNA biomarkers and one or more DNA biomarkers, one or more mRNA biomarkers, one or more snoRNA biomarkers, one or more protein biomarkers, one or more peptide biomarkers, one or more antigen biomarkers, one or more antigen biomarkers, one or more lipid biomarkers or their arbitrary combination.
The biological marking can comprise the combination ability of one or more bonding agents (for example in conjunction with) of one or more antigens or bonding agent, in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 of the international patent application series No.PCT/US2011/031479 that is " Circulating Biomarkers for Disease " such as the denomination of invention of listing in respectively submission on April 6th, 2011, this application is all incorporated herein by quoting, or herein other places describe those.The described biological marking can further comprise one or more other biomarker, for example, such as but not limited to miRNA, DNA (single stranded DNA, complementary DNA or noncoding DNA) or mRNA.The biological marking of vesica can comprise one or more antigens (for example, as shown in Fig. 1 of international patent application series No.PCT/US2011/031479), one or more bonding agents (for example, as shown in Fig. 2 of international patent application series No.PCT/US2011/031479) and for example, combination for one or more biomarkers (as shown in Fig. 3-60 of international patent application series No.PCT/US2011/031479) of situation or disease.The described biological marking can comprise one or more biomarkers (for example miRNA) and cancer cells is had to specific one or more antigens (for example,, as shown in Fig. 1 of international patent application series No.PCT/US2011/031479).
In some embodiments, vesica for present method has the biological marking that is specific to described cell source, and for obtaining the specific diagnosis of disease specific or biological aspect, prognosis or the treatment associated biomolecule marking (it is that cell source is representational).In other embodiments, vesica has for given disease or the specific biological marking of physiological situation, it is different from for diagnosing, prognosis, by stages, the biological marking of cell source that characterizes for the treatment of relativity determination or physiological status.The biological marking also can comprise the combination of cell source specificity and nonspecific vesica.
The biological marking can be for assessment of Case definition, the monitoring of the existence of for example disease, staging, disease surveillance, disease classification or detection, transfer, recurrence or the progress of disease.The biological marking also can, clinically for relating to the decision-making of the pattern for the treatment of, comprise Results.The biological marking can be further clinically for making treatment decision-making, comprises whether implementing operation, or should use which kind for the treatment of standard (for example preoperative or postoperative) together with operation.As illustrative example, the biological marking of circulating biological mark of the aggressive form of indication cancer may need more radical surgical measure and/or more radical treatment plan to treat described patient.
The biological marking can be used for the treatment of relevant diagnosis, thereby the test that can be used for diagnosing the illness or select correct treatment plan is provided, for example, treatment diagnosis is provided.Treatment diagnosis comprises diagnostic test, and it provides the therapy of morbid state or the ability for the treatment of of affecting.Treatment diagnostic test is to provide respectively diagnosis or the similar mode of prognosis that treatment diagnosis is provided with diagnosis or prognosis test.The treatment dependence test of any desired form has been contained in the treatment diagnosis using herein, and it comprises prospective medicine, personalized medicine, synthetic medicine, pharmacodiagnosis (pharmacodiagnostics) and Dx/Rx partner (Dx/Rx partnering).Treatment dependence test can for the drug reaction in predicting and evaluating individual subjects, that is, provide personalized medical treatment.Predict drug response can determine whether experimenter is possible respondent or the non-respondent of possibility of candidate therapeutic agent, for example, and before described experimenter is exposed to described treatment or additionally processes with described treatment.Assessment drug reaction can be monitored the reaction to medicine, for example, monitors the shortage of experimenter's improvement or improvement in one period after begin treatment.Treatment dependence test can be used for for Therapeutic selection experimenter, and described experimenter may benefit from especially described treatment or the early stage or objective indication with treatment effect is likely provided especially in individual subjects.Therefore, the biological marking disclosed herein can be indicated and should be changed treatment to select treatment more likely, has avoided thus delaying the great cost of useful treatment and has avoided using Financial cost and the ailing cost of invalid medicine.
Treatment dependent diagnostic can also be used for clinical diagnosis and the management to various diseases or imbalance, and described disease or imbalance include but not limited to relative disease and autoimmunization relative disease in cardiovascular disorder, cancer, infectious diseases, Sepsis, sacred disease, central nervous system relative disease, blood vessel.Treatment dependent diagnostic also contributes to the prediction to drug toxicity, drug resistance or drug reaction.Can develop the arbitrarily suitably treatment dependence test of diagnostic test form, it includes but not limited to (for example) immunohistochemistry testing method, clinical chemistry, immunoassay, technology, nucleic acid test or body formation method based on cell.Treatment dependence test may further include but be not limited to, and contributes to treat the test of definite test, monitor therapy toxotest or the reaction to treatment.Therefore, the biological marking can be used for prediction or monitors the reaction of experimenter for treatment.After starting, remove or changing particular treatment, can measure the biological marking to experimenter at different time points.
In some embodiments, make according to the amount of one or more components of the variation of the amount of one or more components of biomarker (, target microRNA, vesica and/or biomarker), particular organisms mark or the biomarker that detects for described component mensuration or the prediction whether experimenter responds to treatment.In another embodiment, monitor experimenter's situation by measuring biomarker in different time points.Determine situation process, disappear or recur.Also can in one section of time-histories, measure the reaction to treatment.Therefore, the invention provides the state of monitoring of diseases or the method for other medical condition in experimenter, it comprises from the biological marking of biological sample separation and detection from described experimenter, detect the particular organisms marking component total amount or detect the biological marking (such as the existence of biomarker, do not exist or expression level) of one or more components.The described biological marking can be used for monitoring the state of described disease or situation.
Can also identify the biological marking of one or more new vesicas.For example, can separate one or more vesicas from the experimenter of response medicine treatment or treatment plan, and with compared with (as to pharmacological agent or responseless another experimenter for the treatment of plan).Can determine the difference between the biological marking, and be respondent or the non-respondent to specific medicine or treatment plan for the identification of other experimenters.
In some embodiments, the biological marking is for determining whether specified disease or situation have resistance for medicine.If experimenter has resistance to medicine, doctor without by valuable time waste in this pharmacological agent.For obtaining the early stage checking to medicament selection or treatment plan, determine the biological marking for the sample that derives from experimenter.Whether the described biological marking has the biomarker relevant to drug resistance for assessment of the disease of particular subject.This determine can make doctor that crucial time and patient's economic resources are put in effective treatment.
In addition, the biological marking can whether suffer from disease for assessment of experimenter, whether in the risk in there is disease or for assessment of stage or the process of disease.For example, whether the biological marking can suffer from prostate cancer or colorectal carcinoma for assessment of experimenter, or described other cancers herein.In addition, the biological marking can for example, for determining the stage of disease or situation, colorectal carcinoma.
In addition, measure can be for characterizing phenotype for the amount of for example, amount to vesica (heterogeneous vesica colony) and one or more homogeneous vesica colonies (for example having the vesica colony of the identical biological marking).For example, the total amount to vesica in sample (, acellular type specific) is measured and determining of existence to one or more different cell source specificity vesicas can be used for characterizing phenotype.According to what hereinafter further describe, can according to normal subjects with have target phenotype experimenter relatively come definite threshold or reference point or amount, and settle the standard according to determined threshold value or reference point.Different standards can be for characterizing phenotype.
A kind of standard can be the amount based on heterogeneous vesica colony in sample.In one embodiment, general vesica mark (for example CD9, CD81 and CD63) can be for the amount of vesica in working sample.And if can detect the described level of the expression level of CD9, CD81, CD63 or its combination higher than threshold level, meet described standard.In another embodiment, if the level of CD9, CD81, CD63 or its combination, lower than threshold value or reference point, meets described standard.Whether the amount that in another embodiment, described standard can be based on vesica is higher than threshold value or reference point.Another kind of standard can be based on thering is the particular organisms marking the amount of vesica.If there is the amount of vesica of the described particular organisms marking lower than threshold value or reference point, meet described standard.In another embodiment, if the amount of vesica with the described particular organisms marking is higher than threshold value or reference point, meet described standard.In addition the amount of vesica that, standard can also be based on being derived from particular cell types.If described amount, lower than threshold value or reference point, meets described standard.In another embodiment, if described amount, higher than threshold value, meets described standard.
In limiting examples, consider measure the vesica from prostatic cell by detection of biological mark PCSA or PSCA, and if the level of the PCSA detecting or PSCA higher than threshold level, meet standard.Threshold value can be the level from identical mark in compared with control cells system or contrast experimenter's sample.Another kind of standard can be based on being derived from cancer cells or comprise one or more cancer specific biomarkers the amount of vesica.For example, can measure biomarker B7H3, EpCam or both, and if the level of the B7H3 detecting and/or EpCam meets standard higher than threshold level or in pre-determined range.If described amount, below or above threshold value or reference point, meets described standard.Standard can be also the reliability of result, for example, meet quality control method or value.The B7H3 detecting in test sample and/or the amount of EpCam exceed the amount of these marks in control sample and can indicate cancer to be present in described test sample.
As described, can by the analysis of multiple markers in addition in conjunction with whether meeting standard with assessment.In illustrative example, by detect in general vesica mark CD9, CD63 and CD81 one or more, one or more prostatic epithelium mark and one or more cancer markers (as B7H3 and/or EpCam) including PCSA and PSMA, whether the biological marking is suffered to prostate cancer for assessment of experimenter.Compare with the sample that contrasts individuality of not suffering from prostate cancer, shown the existence of prostate cancer in described experimenter from the higher level of mark in experimenter's sample.In some embodiments, assess described multiple markers in multiple mode.
Technician should understand, and these rules based on meeting described standard can be applicable to suitable biomarker arbitrarily.For example, described standard can be applicable to vesica feature, such as amount, the microRNA of existence or the amount of other circulating biological mark of the vesica useful load biomarker of the vesica amount with the particular organisms marking of the vesica amount, the existence that exist, existence, etc.Can measure the ratio of suitable biomarker.As illustrative example, described standard can be the ratio of ratio, a kind of circulating biological mark and the another kind of circulating biological mark of the ratio of ratio, vesica surface protein and the microRNA of vesica surface protein and another kind of vesica surface protein, a kind of vesica colony and another kind of vesica colony, etc.
Can be according to the phenotype that meets multiple useful standard and characterize experimenter.In some embodiments, at least one standard is for each biomarker.In some embodiments, use at least 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,15,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90 or at least 100 kinds of standards.For example, with regard to the sign of cancer, when described experimenter is diagnosed as while suffering from cancer, can use multiple different standard: 1) whether from the amount of microRNA in experimenter's sample higher than reference point; 2) whether the amount of the microRNA in cell type specificity vesica (, being derived from the vesica of specific tissue or organ) higher than reference point; Or 3) whether there is the amount of microRNA in the vesica of one or more cancer specific biomarkers higher than reference point.If the amount of microRNA is lower than described reference point or identical with it, can application class like rule.Described method may further include quality control method, thereby meets described quality control method for experimenter provides result at described sample.In some embodiments, if but meeting described standard quality control leaves a question open, and described experimenter reappraises.
In other embodiments, for the assess and determine of multiple biomarker single measuring, and described tolerance and reference point compare.As an example, can comprise to the test of prostate cancer the level that the level of PSA is multiplied by the miR-141 in blood sample.If the long-pending threshold value that exceedes of described level, meets described standard, this shows the existence of cancer.The another example of lifting, for the identical marker of multiple bonding agent portability of general vesica mark, as, identical fluorophore.Detected marker level and threshold value can be compared.
Beyond the multiple biomarker of same type, can be by standard application in the biomarker of multiple types.For example, the level of one or more circulating biological marks (as RNA, DNA, peptide), vesica, sudden change etc. and reference can be compared.The heterogeneity of the biological marking can have different standards.As limiting examples, can comprise that for the biological marking of diagnosing cancer a kind of miR material crossing compared with reference expressed and the expression deficiency of vesica surface antigen compared with another reference.
Can be by relatively amount, the structure of vesica or any out of Memory feature of vesica of vesica are determined the biological marking.Can use the structure of transmission electron microscopy (for example referring to Hansen etc., Journal of Biomechanics31, Supplement1:134-134 (1) (1998)) or scanning electron microscopy assessment vesica.Can using method and the multiple various combination of technology or the analysis of one or more vesicas is determined to experimenter's phenotype.
The biological marking can include but not limited to the existence of biomarker or do not exist, copy number, expression level or activity level.Other useful biological marking composition comprises the existence of sudden change (for example impact transcribes or the sudden change of translation product activity, such as displacement, disappearance or insertion mutation), varient or the posttranslational modification of biomarker.The posttranslational modification of protein biomarker includes but not limited to the acidylate of described biomarker, acetylize, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, deacetylation, alkylation, methylate, amidation, biotinylation, γ-carboxylated, glutamy amination, glycosylation, glycyl, hydroxylation, heme part covalently bound, iodate, isoprenylation, esterified, prenylation, GPI grappling forms, myristoylation, farnesylation, spiceleaf acyl group spiceleaf acidylate, Nucleotide or derivatives thereof covalently bound, ADP-ribosylation, flavine connects, oxidation, palmitoylation, Pegylation, phosphatidylinositols covalently bound, phosphopantetheine, how sialylated, Pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid forms, by the proline(Pro) racemization of prolyl isomerase, the aminoacid addition (for example arginyl) of tRNA mediation, sulfation, sulfate group adds on tyrosine or selenizing.
Method as herein described can also be for the identification of the biological marking relevant with disease, situation or physiological status.The described biological marking can also be used for determining whether experimenter suffers from cancer or whether in there is the risk of cancer.Experimenter in risk in there is cancer can comprise the experimenter of possibility susceptible or have the experimenter of front symptom commitment disease.
Can also utilize the biological marking that the resolution of diagnosis or treatment is provided for Other diseases, described Other diseases includes but not limited to autoimmune disease, inflammatory bowel, cardiovascular disorder, neurological disorder (as, alzheimer's disease), Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, Sepsis, pancreatitis or the denomination of invention of submitting on April 6th, 2011 be listed any disease in Fig. 3-58 of the serial No.PCT/US2011/031479 of international patent application of " Circulating Biomakers for Disease ", situation or symptom, this application is introduced by reference of text at this.
The described biological marking can also be used for identifying given pregnant state or disadvantageous pregnant result (for example mongolism being had to the specific miRNA marking), for example preeclampsia, premature labor, premature rupture of fetal membrane, intrauterine growth retardation or habitual abortion from peripheral blood, Cord blood or amniotic fluid.The described biological marking can also be used to indicate fetus, pre-implantation embryos or the neonatal health condition of mother, all etap.
The biological marking can be for the diagnosis of front symptom.In addition, the described biological marking can be for detection of disease, the stage of determining disease or process, determine disease palindromia, confirm methods for the treatment of, determine effect or the evaluation individual physiological state relevant with age or environmental exposure of methods for the treatment of.
The biological marking of monitoring vesica also can be used for identifying experimenter's toxic exposure, and it includes but not limited to expose in early days or be exposed to situation unknown or unidentified toxic agent.Do not fettered by the particular theory of any mechanism of action, vesica can come off from damaging cells, and in this course the specific inclusion of cell is carried out to compartmentation, comprises film component and the cytoplasmic inclusion swallowing up.The cell that is exposed to toxic agents/chemical preparations may increase vesica come off discharge toxic agents or its metabolite, cause thus the vesica level improving.Therefore, monitoring vesica level, the biological marking of vesica or the individual reaction to genotoxic potential agent of the two permission assessment.
By detecting one or more specific antigenss, bonding agent, biomarker or their any combination, can be by vesica and/or other biomarker of the present invention for the identification of drug-induced toxicity or the state of damaged organ.The variation of the level of vesica, the biological marking of vesica or the two can be exposed to for monitoring individual acute, chronic or occupational the situation of multiple toxic agents, and described toxic agents includes but not limited to medicine, microbiotic, technical chemistry goods, toxicity microbiotic metabolite, herbal medicine, daily-use chemical product and by natural formation or naturally synthesize the chemical substance being produced by other organism.In addition, the biological marking can be for the identification of situation or disease, and it comprises the cancer of unknown origin, also referred to as the cancer (CUP) of not clear original site.
Thereby can be as previously described separate vesica from biological sample and obtain heterogeneous vesica colony.Then, heterogeneous vesica colony is contacted with the substrate that is coated with specific-binding agent, described bonding agent is designed to get rid of or identifies the antigen-specific feature given cell source to specific vesica colony.In addition,, according to mentioned above, the biological marking of vesica can be associated with the cancerous state of cell.The compound that suppresses cancer in experimenter can cause can be in time or therapeutic process by vesica is carried out to the variation that series of separate is monitored, the variation of the biological marking of for example vesica.Can monitor the variation of vesica level or the vesica level with the particular organisms marking.
In one aspect, the phenotype that characterizes experimenter comprises the method for determining the response of experimenter's possibility or not responding treatment.Method of the present invention also comprises definite can be used for the predicting response of patient's possibility or the new biological marking not responding.One of response treatment or several experimenter (respondent) and that identical treatment is not responded or several experimenter (non-respondent) can carry out their the detecting of vesica.Can detect to identify the biological marking of vesica, it is categorized into patient respondent or the non-respondent of goal treatment.In certain aspects, existence, amount and the useful load of vesica have been analyzed.The useful load of vesica comprises, for example, and internal protein, nucleic acid (as, miRNA), lipid or carbohydrate.
Respondent and not in non-respondent, whether the existence of the biological marking not can be used for treatment diagnosis.Can analyze the sample from respondent for following one or more: the biomarker in amount, these vesicas of vesica amount, unique vesica subgroup or kind, the biological marking of these vesicas, etc.In one case, vesica for the existence of one or more miRNA (such as miRNA122, miR-548c-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-422a, miR-597, miR-429, miR-200a and/or miR-200b) and/or component analysis from respondent and non-respondent, such as microcapsule bubble or exosome.Between respondent and non-respondent, the difference of the biological marking can be used for treatment diagnosis.In another embodiment, obtain vesica from the experimenter with disease or situation.Also never there is the experimenter of this disease or situation to obtain vesica.For unique biological marking and to analyzing from two groups of experimenters' vesica, the biological marking of described uniqueness is relevant but not relevant with the experimenter from another group to the whole experimenters in this group.These biological markings or biomarker can be used as the diagnosis whether existing for described situation or disease subsequently, or for described experimenter being ranged to a group (suffer from/do not take a disease disease, aggressive/Non-Invasive disease, respondent/non-respondent's group, etc.) of described group.
In one aspect, the phenotype that characterizes experimenter comprises the method for staging.Method of the present invention also comprises and is identified for a point interim new biological marking.In illustrative example, to analyzing from patient's the vesica of suffering from the patient of I phase cancer and suffering from the same cancer of II phase or III phase.In some embodiments, in the patient who suffers from metastatic disease, analyze vesica.From the difference of the biomarker between each group of patient's vesica or the biological marking (for example identify, the raising may from the vesica of III phase cancer with one or more genes or miRNA is expressed), identify thus the biological marking or the biomarker of distinguishing disease different steps.Subsequently can be by this biology marking for the patient who suffers from described disease be carried out by stages.
In some cases, by determining the biological marking at for some time inner analysis from patient's vesica, for example, every day, every half cycle, weekly, two weeks, every two weeks, monthly, per bimester, every half season, per season, every half a year, every two years or every year analyze.For example, can carry out the biological marking in the patient of given treatment along with time monitoring, to detect the respondent of indication treatment or non-respondent's the marking.Similarly, the patient who has various disease stage or the different steps in clinical trial is along with the time is detected the biological marking.Can more described vesica in useful load or the physical properties at each time point place.Therefore temporal mode can form the biological marking that can be used for subsequently treating diagnosis, diagnosis, prognosis, disease classification, treatment monitoring, diseases monitoring or the person of responding/non-respondent's status predication.Only, as illustrative example, the amount that biomarker in vesica (as miR122) improves with time-histories is relevant to metastatic cancer, and this is contrary with the constant amount of time-histories to biomarker in the vesica relevant with non-metastatic cancer.Time-histories is sustainable exceedes at least 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 1 month, 6 weeks, 8 weeks, 2 months, 10 weeks, 12 weeks, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 1 year, 18 months, 2 years or at least 3 years.
The level of vesica, the level of vesica with the particular organisms marking or the biological marking of vesica also can be for assessment of the treatment effect for situation.For example, the level of vesica, the level of vesica with the fixed biological marking or the biological marking of vesica can be for assessment of the effect of cancer therapy, for example chemotherapy, radiotherapy or can be used for suppressing any other methods for the treatment of of the cancer in experimenter.In addition, the biological marking can be analyzed the material standed for or test compounds or the reagent (for example protein, peptide, plan peptide, class peptide, small molecules or other medicines) that the biological marking of vesica are had to control effect to identify for screening.Analyzing by described screening the compound of identifying can for example, for () adjusting situation or disease, for example, suppress, improvement, treatment or prevention situation or disease.
For example, the biological marking of vesica can derive from the patient that specific cancer is just successfully treated.Can not use the cancer patients's that identical medicine treats cell to cultivate to deriving from, and obtain vesica for determining the biological marking from described culture.Described cell can use test compound treatment, and the biological marking of the vesica that derives from described culture can be compared with the biological marking of the vesica that derives from the patient who successfully treats.Can select the test compounds that produces the biological marking similar to the patient's who just successfully treats the biological marking for further research.
The biological marking of vesica can also be used for the impact of monitoring reagent (for example medical compounds) in clinical trial on the biological marking.In addition, the variation of the biological marking of level, vesica of monitoring vesica or the two also can be for assessment of the methods of the effect of test compounds, for example, for the test compounds of anticancer.
Except the existence or risk of diagnosis or confirmation generation disease, illness or symptom, method and composition disclosed herein also provides the system of the treatment for optimizing the patient who suffers from this disease, illness or symptom.The level of vesica, the biological marking of vesica or the two can also be used for determining particular treatment intervention (medicine or non-medicine) thus validity and for changing described intervention 1) reduce the risk that unfavorable result occurs, 2) strengthen the validity or 3 of intervening) differentiate resistance state.Therefore,, except the existence or occurrence risk of diagnosis or confirmation disease, situation or symptom, method and composition disclosed herein also provides the system of the treatment for optimizing the experimenter to suffering from described disease, situation or symptom.The biological marking that for example, can be tested and appraised vesica is determined the treatment relational approach (thereby it will be by diagnosing and treating and integrated the real-time treatment that improves experimenter) for the treatment of disease, situation or symptom.
Identify that the biological marking of level, vesica of vesica or the two testing method can be for the identification of the patients who is suitable for most particular treatment, and how medicine is played a role well feedback is provided, thus optimizing therapeutic regimen.For example, the hypertension of gestation induction and conditions associated in, treat relevant diagnosis and can monitor neatly in time the variation (level of for example cytokine and/or somatomedin) of important parameter, thereby optimize treatment.
In the defined research of FDA, MDA, EMA, USDA and EMEA, with in the clinical trial situation of medicine, can be designed, monitor for optimization Test effect and be increased drug safety by the relevant diagnosis of the definite treatment of the biological marking disclosed herein provides crucial information.For example, with regard to test design, treating relevant diagnosis can be for the establishment of determining (entering group/eliminating), homogeneity treatment group of patient's classification, patient's qualification and to the selection through optimizing the patient's sample to mate case-control cohort.Therefore, the diagnosis that this treatment is relevant can provide the means of patient's effect enrichment (patient efficacy enrichment), thus test is raised to required individual amount and is down to minimum.For example, with regard to effect, treat relevant diagnosis and can and assess effect standard for monitor therapy diagnoses and treatment.Or with regard to security, treating relevant diagnosis can be for preventing ADR or avoiding malpractice and the conformability of monitoring to treatment plan.
In some embodiments, the invention provides and identify for the respondent for the treatment of and non-respondent's the method for carrying out clinical trial, it is included in the biological marking that in the patient who participates in described clinical trial, detection comprises circulating biological mark, and identifies the biological markings different between respondent and non-respondent.In further embodiment, in medicine is just controlled experimenter, measure the described biological marking and use it for and predict that described experimenter should be respondent or non-respondent.Whether described prediction can just be controlled experimenter's the biological marking according to described medicine more closely associated with the clinical trial experimenter through being accredited as respondent, predicts that therefrom described medicine just controls experimenter and should be respondent.On the contrary, more closely associated with the clinical trial experimenter through being accredited as non-respondent if described medicine is just controlled experimenter's the biological marking, the measurable described medicine of method of the present invention is just controlled experimenter and be should be non-respondent.Therefore, described prediction can be used for potential response person and the non-respondent of described treatment to be distinguished.In some embodiments, described prediction is used for instructing the course for the treatment of, as, treat doctor by help and determine whether to use described medicine.In some embodiments, described prediction is for instructing the selection of the patient to participating in further clinical trial.In limiting examples, in testing in the II phase, the biological marking of predicated response person/non-respondent's state can be used for the patient that III phase test is carried out in selection, has improved therefrom the possibility responding in III phase patient colony.Technician should understand, described method can through adjust for the identification of the biological marking, thereby according to the standard except respondent/non-respondent's state, experimenter is distinguished.In one embodiment, described standard is treatment security.Therefore, according to following described method above to identify the experimenter described treatment likely or can not be had with undesirable condition.In limiting examples, in testing in the II phase, the biological marking of predictive of safety feature can be used for selecting the patient who carries out III phase test, has improved thus the treatment security features in described III phase patient colony.
Therefore, the biological marking of described vesica level, vesica or both all can be used for monitoring drug effect, measure reaction to given medicine or resistance or both, thereby have strengthened drug safety.For example, in colorectal carcinoma, vesica generally comes off and can from peripheral blood, separate and for separating of one or more biomarkers from colon cancer cell, and as KRAS mRNA, it can check order to detect KRAS sudden change subsequently.In the situation of mRNA biomarker, described mRNA can reverse transcription become cDNA and check order (for example by Sanger check order, tetra-sodium order-checking, NextGen order-checking, RT-PCR analyze), thereby determine whether to exist the sudden change of giving medicine (for example Cetuximab or Victibix) resistance.In another embodiment, from biological sample, separate the vesica coming off specifically from lung carcinoma cell, and use it for the biomarker that separates lung cancer, for example EGFR mRNA.EGFR mRNA is processed into cDNA order-checking, thereby determines whether to exist EGFR sudden change (it demonstrates resistance or reaction to the particular medication for lung cancer).
One or more biological markings can be divided into groups, thereby make the information of the biological marking collection in obtained relevant particular group provide reasonable basis for carrying out clinical relevant decision-making, such as but not limited to diagnosis, prognosis or treatment management, for example treatment is selected.
The same with most of diagnostic marks, it is normally desirable that use is enough to the mark of the minimum number of making correct medical judgment.This has prevented in the treatment delay of products for further analysis and the inappropriate use of time and resource.
In addition, herein disclosed is the method for sample (for example serum and tissue biological storehouse) being implemented to retrospective analysis, to reach for example, by quantitative and qualitative analysis character (the biological marking of the vesica) clinical effectiveness with morbid state, disease stage, progress, prognosis aspect; Treatment effect or selection; Or the object that physiological situation is associated.In addition, method and composition disclosed herein is for for example, prospective analysis to sample (serum of being collected by individuality in clinical trial and/or tissue), to reach the clinical effectiveness of biological vesica of the quantitative and qualitative analysis marking and morbid state, disease stage, progress, prognosis aspect; Treatment effect or selection; Or the object that physiological situation is associated.As used herein, the biological marking of vesica can be used for the specific vesica in identification of cell source.In addition, the biological marking can be determined according to the surface marker distribution of vesica or the inclusion of vesica.
For the biological marking that characterizes phenotype according to the present invention can comprise Multiple components (as, microRNA, vesica or other biomarker) or feature (as, vesica size or form).The described biological marking can comprise at least 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,25,30,40,50,75 or 100 kind of composition or feature.For example have, more than the biological marking of a kind of composition or feature (at least 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,25,30,40,50,75 or 100 kind of composition) and can provide higher sensitivity and/or specificity characterizing aspect phenotype.In some embodiments, compared with assessing the situation of less composition or feature, assessment Multiple components or feature provide the sensitivity and/or the specificity that strengthen.On the other hand, use that to be enough to composition or the feature of the minimum number of making correct medical judgment normally desirable.Mark still less can be avoided the statistics over-fitting to sorter and can prevent in the treatment delay of products for further analysis and the inappropriate use of time and resource.Therefore, method of the present invention comprises the optimal number of determining composition or feature.
The biological marking according to the present invention can be used for characterizing phenotype with above-mentioned sensitivity, specificity, accuracy or similar performance metric.The described biological marking also can be used for setting up sorter so that sample is classified as and belongs to a certain group, suffers from or the group of the disease that do not take a disease, suffers from affecting conditions or do not suffer from group, respondent or the non-respondent's of affecting conditions group such as belonging to.In one embodiment, sorter is for determining whether experimenter suffers from aggressive or Non-Invasive cancer.Under the exemplary cases of prostate cancer, this can assist doctor to determine whether described cancer observe (, opening " observe and wait for " prescription) or implement prostatectomy.In another embodiment, sorter is for determining whether patient with breast cancer likely responds to tamoxifen or reactionless, thereby auxiliary doctor determines whether to use patient described in tamoxifen or another pharmacological agent.
Biomarker
Can comprise one or more biomarkers for the biological marking that characterizes phenotype.Described biomarker can be cycling markers, film Research of predicting markers or be present in vesica or the lip-deep composition of vesica.These biomarkers include but not limited to nucleic acid (such as RNA (mRNA, miRNA etc.) or DNA), protein, peptide, polypeptide, antigen, lipid, carbohydrate or proteoglycan.
The described biological marking can comprise disclosed herein (for example, table 3 or 5) or disclosed before (denomination of invention of submitting to for example on April 6th, 2011 be Fig. 1 of the serial No.PCT/US2011/031479 of international patent application of " Circulating Biomarkers for Disease ", listed any or multiple biomarker in 3-60, this application is all incorporated herein by quoting) biomarker existence or do not exist, expression level, mutation status, heredity variant state or any modification (for example epigenetic modification, posttranslational modification).Technician will recognize that method of the present invention can be adapted to assess one or more biomarkers disclosed herein for the disease or the illness that are different from conventionally relevant to given biomarker disease.For example, the instruction based on the disclosure of invention and method of the present invention can easily be utilized one or more biomarkers for illness x disclosed herein in the time obtaining for the biological marking of different syndromes y.Can by the expression level of biomarker with contrast or with reference to comparing, to determine that in sample, not enough (or raise or lower) expressed or expressed to crossing of biomarker.In some embodiments, described contrast or reference level comprise the amount that does not have or do not show the identical biomarker (for example miRNA) in experimenter's the control sample of situation or disease that derives from.In another embodiment, described contrast or reference level comprise that level in different biological situation (such as ill to disease state not) is subject to the level of house keeper's mark of minimum impact (if influential words).In another embodiment again, but described contrast or reference level comprise in same experimenter the level of identical mark in the sample gathering in different time points.This paper describes the contrast of other type.
Biological nucleic acid mark comprises various RNA or DNA material.For example, described biomarker can be mRNA, microRNA (miRNA), little nucleolar RNA (snoRNA), small nuclear rna (snRNA), ribosome-RNA(rRNA) (rRNA), heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA), ribosome-RNA(rRNA) (rRNA), siRNA, transfer RNA (tRNA) or shRNA.Described DNA can be double-stranded DNA, single stranded DNA, complementary DNA or noncoding DNA.MiRNA is short Yeast Nucleic Acid (RNA) molecule, and it is on average about 22 Nucleotide.MiRNA plays a role as transcribing rear conditioning agent, the complementary sequence in its 3 ' non-translational region in conjunction with target messenger RNA(mRNA) (mRNA) (3 ' UTR), and this can cause gene silencing.A kind of miRNA can act on 1000 kinds of mRNA.MiRNA brings into play multiple effect in negative regulation, for example, and transcript degraded and isolation, translation compacting, and can in positive regulation, play a role, for example, transcribe and translate activation.By affecting gene regulating, miRNA can affect many bioprocesss.In different cell types and tissue, find different expression miRNA collection.
Further comprise peptide, polypeptide or protein for biomarker of the present invention, these terms use in the text interchangeably, unless otherwise noted.In some embodiments, described protein biomarker comprise its decorating state, brachymemma, sudden change, expression level (such as, compared with reference level express or express not enough) and/or posttranslational modification, for example mentioned above.In limiting examples, the biological marking of disease can comprise having the protein of modifying after certain translation, its with in the sample of described disease association than more not general in associated sample with it.
The biological marking can comprise the biomarker (for example two kinds different microRNAs or mRNA material) of multiple same type, or one or more dissimilar biomarkers (for example mRNA, miRNA, protein, peptide, part and antigen).
One or more biological markings can comprise at least one listed biomarker in Fig. 1, the 3-60 that is selected from the international patent application series No.PCT/US2011/031479 that the denomination of invention submitted on April 6th, 2011 is " Circulating Biomarkers for Disease ", and this application is all incorporated herein by quoting.The biological marking in specific cells source can comprise one or more biomarkers.The table of various diseases or situation specific biological mark has been described wherein to have enumerated in Fig. 3-58 of international patent application series No.PCT/US2011/031479, and wherein said biomarker can be obtained and be analyzed by vesica.Described biomarker can also be CD24, Midkine (midkine), iron tune element, TMPRSS2-ERG, PCA-3, PSA, EGFR, EGFRvIII, BRAF variant, MET, cKit, PDGFR, Wnt, beta-catenin, K-ras, H-ras, N-ras, Raf, N-myc, c-myc, IGFR, PI3K, Akt, BRCA1, BRCA2, PTEN, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-1, Tie-2, TEM-1, CD276, HER-2, HER-3 or HER-4.In addition, described biomarker can also be annexin V, CD63, Rab-5b or caveolin or miRNA, for example let-7a, miR-15b, miR-16, miR-19b, miR-21, miR-26a, miR-27a, miR-92, miR-93, miR-320 or miR-20.In addition, described biomarker can also be disclosed any gene or its fragment in PCT publication number No.WO2009/100029, for example listed those in table 3-15 wherein.
In another embodiment, vesica comprises the cell fragment or the cell debris that are derived from rare cells, described in No.WO2006054991 as open in PCT.Can assess one or more biomarkers for vesica, as CD146, CD105, CD31, CD133, CD106 or its combination.In one embodiment, by the trapping agent for one or more biomarkers for separating of or detect vesica.In some embodiments, for one or more in vesica assessment biomarker CD45, cytokeratin (CK) 8, CK18, CK19, CK20, CEA, EGFR, GUC, EpCAM, VEGF, TS, Muc-1 or its combination.In one embodiment, the vesica in tumour source is CD45-, CK+ and comprises nucleic acid, there is not CD45 in membrane vesicle wherein, or thering is low expression or the detection of CD45, expression and the detectable nucleic acid with detectable cytokeratin (as CK8, CK18, CK19 or CK20) are expressed.
In whole application, disclose and can be used as the many useful biomarker that the part of the biological marking of vesica is assessed, included but not limited to CD9, EphA2, EGFR, B7H3, PSM, PCSA, CD63, STEAP, CD81, ICAM1, A33, DR3, CD66e, MFG-E8, TROP-2, mammaglobin, Hepsin, NPGP/NPFF2, PSCA, 5T4, NGAL, EpCam, neurokinin receptor-1 (NK-1 or NK-1R), NK-2, Pai-1, CD45, CD10, HER2/ERBB2, AGTR1, NPY1R, MUC1, ESA, CD133, GPR30, BCA225, CD24, CA15.3 (MUC1 secretion), CA27.29 (MUC1 secretion), NMDAR1, NMDAR2, MAGEA, CTAG1B, NY-ESO-1, SPB, SPC, NSE, PGP9.5, P2RX7, NDUFB7, NSE, GAL3, osteopontin, CHI3L1, IC3b, mesothelin, SPA, AQP5, GPCR, hCEA-CAM, PTPIA-2, CABYR, TMEM211, ADAM28, UNC93A, MUC17, MUC2, IL10R-β, BCMA, HVEM/TNFRSF14, Trappin-2Elafin, ST2/IL1R4, TNFRF14, CEACAM1, TPA1, LAMP, WF, WH1000, PECAM, BSA, TNFR or its combination.
Other biomarker that can be used for assessment in method and composition disclosed herein comprises and U.S. Patent No. 6329179 and 7,625,573, U.S. Patent Publication No. No.2002/106684,2004/005596,2005/0159378,2005/0064470,2006/116321,2007/0161004,2007/0077553,2007/104738,2007/0298118,2007/0172900,2008/0268429,2010/0062450,2007/0298118,2009/0220944 and 2010/0196426, U.S. Patent application No.12/524,432,12/524,398,12/524,462, Canadian Patent CA2453198, and the open No.WO1994022018 of International PCT patent, WO2001036601, WO2003063690, WO2003044166, WO2003076603, WO2005121369, WO2005118806, WO/2005/078124, WO2007126386, WO2007088537, WO2007103572, WO2009019215, WO2009021322, WO2009036236, WO2009100029, WO2009015357, WO2009155505, WO2010/065968 and the relevant biomarker of disclosed situation or physiological status in WO2010/070276, each patent or application are incorporated to herein in full by reference.The part that in these patents and application, disclosed biomarker (comprising vesica biomarker and microRNA) can be used as the marking for characterizing phenotype (such as diagnosis, prognosis or treatment diagnosis that cancer or Other diseases are provided) is assessed.In addition, method disclosed herein and technology can be used for assessing biomarker, comprise vesica biomarker and microRNA.
Be used in another that assess in method and composition disclosed herein and organize available biomarker and comprise the biomarker relevant to cancer diagnosis, prognosis or treatment diagnosis, as be disclosed in United States Patent (USP) 6,692,916,6,960,439,6,964,850,7,074,586; U.S. Patent application No.11/159,376,11/804,175,12/594,128,12/514,686,12/514,775,12/594,675,12/594,911,12/594,679,12/741,787,12/312,390; And in International PCT patent application No.PCT/US2009/049935, PCT/US2009/063138, PCT/US2010/000037; Each patent or application are incorporated to herein in full by reference.Useful biomarker further comprises for inflammatory diseases at U.S. Patent application No.10/703, in 143 and US10/701,391; For rheumatoid arthritis in 11/529,010; For multiple sclerosis in 11/454,553 and 11/827,892; For graft-rejection in 11/897,160; For lupus in 12/524,677; In PCT/US2009/048684 for osteoarthritis; For infectious diseases and Sepsis in 10/742,458; Describe in 12/520,675 for Sepsis; Each patent or application are incorporated to herein in full by reference.The part that in these patents and application, disclosed biomarker (comprising microRNA) can be used as the marking for characterizing phenotype (such as diagnosis, prognosis or treatment diagnosis that cancer or Other diseases are provided) is assessed.In addition, method disclosed herein and technology can be used for assessing biomarker, comprise vesica biomarker and microRNA.
Can be in method and composition disclosed herein for assessment of other biomarker again comprise the .Isolation and characterization of an RNA-proteolipid complex associated with the malignant state in humans with Wieczorek etc., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.1985 year May; 82 (10): 3455-9; The .Diagnostic and prognostic value of RNA-proteolipid in sera of patients with malignant disorders following therapy:first clinical evaluation of a novel tumor marker such as Wieczorek, Cancer Res.1987 December 1; 47 (23): 6407-12; Selective enrichment of tetraspan proteins on the internal vesicles of multivesicular endosomes and on exosomes secreted by human B-lymphocytes.J.Biol.Chem. (1998) 273:20121-27 such as Escola; The Binding of hepatitis C virus to CD81Science such as Pileri, (1998) 282:938-41); The Detection of Tumor Messenger RNA in the Serum of Patients with Malignant Melanoma such as Kopreski, Clin.Cancer Res. (1999) 5:1961-1965; The Circulating Membrane Vesicles in Leukemic Blood such as Carr, Cancer Research, (1985) 45:5944-51; The Cytoplasmic CD24expression in colorectal cancer independently correlates with shortened patient survival.Clinical Cancer Research such as Weichert, 2005,11:6574-81); MicroRNA gene expression deregulation in human breast cancer.Cancer Res (2005) 65:7065-70 such as Iorio; Tumour-derived exosomes and their role in cancer-associated T-cell signaling defects British J Cancer (2005) 92:305-11 such as Taylor; Exosome-mediated transfer of mRNAs and microRNAs is a novel mechanism ofg enetic exchange between cells Nature Cell Biol (2007) 9:654-59 such as Valadi; Pregnancy-associated exosomes and their modulation of T cell signaling J Immunol (2006) 176:1534-42 such as Taylor; The Purification such as Koga, characterization and biological significance of tumor-derived exosomes Anticancer Res (2005) 25:3703-08; Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (KsA) expression:pathobiology and its role as an independent predietor of survival in renal cell carcinoma Clin Cancer Res (2004) 10:2659-69 such as Seligson; Clayton etc. (Antigen-presenting cell exosomes are protected from complement-mediated lysis by expression of CD55and CD59.Eur J Immunol (2003) 33:522-31); Cell Membrane Micropcrticles in Blood and Blood Products:Potentially Pathogenic Agents and Diagnostic Markers Trans Med Reviews (2006) 20:1-26 such as Simak; Proteomic analysis of microvesicles derived from human colorectal cancer cells J Proteome Res (2007) 6:4646-4655 such as Choi; Tumour-released exosomes and their implications in cancer immunity Cell Death Diff (2008) 15:80-88 such as Iero; Tumour-derived microvesicles carry several surface determinants and mRNA or tumour cells and transfer some of these determinants to monocytes Cencer Immunol Immunother (2006) 55:808-18 such as Baj-Krzyworzeka; B cell-derived exosomes can present allergen peptides and activate allergen-specific T cells to proliferate and produce TH2-like cytokinesJ Allergy Clin Immunol (2007) 120:1418-1424 such as Admyre; Identification and characterization of microvesicles secreted by3T3-Ll adipocytes:redox-and hormone dependent induction of milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor8-associated microvesicles Endocrinol (2007) 148:3850-3862 such as Aoki; Tumour-derived microvesicles carry several surface determinants and mRNA of tumour cells and transfer some of these determinants to monocytes Cencer Immunol Immunother (2006) 55:808-18 such as Baj-Krzyworzeka; Glioblastoma microvesicles transport RNA and proteins that promote tumour growth and provide diagnostic biomarkers Nature Cell Biol (2008) 10:1470-76 such as Skog; The Characterization of amplifiable such as El-Hefnawy, circulating RNA in plasma and its potential as a tool for cancer diagnostics Clin Chem (2004) 50:564-573; The .Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A such as Pisitkun, 2004; 101:13368-13373; The .Can urinary exosomes act as treatment response markers in Prostate Cancer such as Mitchell?, Journal of Translational Medicine2009,7:4; The .Human Tumor-Derived Exosomes Selectively Impair Lymphocyte Responses to Interleukin-2 such as Clayton, Cancer Res2007; 67:(15) .2007 August 1; Decay-accelerating factor (CD55) and membrane inhibitor of reactive sis (CD59) the are released within exosomes during In vitro maturation of reticulocytes.Blood91:2573-2580 (1998) such as Rabesandratana; The Production and characterization of clinical grade exosomes derived from dendritic cells.J Immunol Methods270:211-226 (2002) such as Lamparski; The CD24is a marker of exosomes secreted into urine and amniotic fluid.Kidney Int ' l72:1095-1102 (2007) such as Keller; The Malignant ascites-derived esosomes of ovarian carcinoma patients containCD24and EpCAM.Gyn Oncol107:563-571 (2007) such as Runz; The Circulating microparticles in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia placenta.29:73-77 (2008) such as Redman; The Cleavage of L such as Gutwein 1 in exosomes and apoptotic membrane vesicles released from ovarian carcinoma cells.Clin Cancer Res11:2492-2501 (2005); The .CD24is an independent prognostic marker of survival in nonsmall cell lung cancer patients such as Kristiansen, Brit J Cancer88:231-236 (2003); Lim and Oh, The Role of CD24in Various Human Epithelial Neoplasias, Pathol Res Pract201:479-86 (2005); The .The Immunophenotype of Splenic Lymphoma with Villous Lymphocytes and its Relevance to the Differential Diagnosis With Other B-Cell Disorders such as Matutes, Blood83:1558-1562 (1994); Pirmccello and Lang, Differential Expression of CD24-Related Epitopes in Mycosis Fungoides/Sezary Syndrome:A Potential Marker for Circulating Sezary Cells, disclosed situation or the relevant biomarker of physiological status in Blood76:2343-2347 (1990).Disclosed biomarker in these publications (comprising vesica biomarker and microRNA) can be used as a part for the marking for characterizing phenotype (such as diagnosis, prognosis or treatment diagnosis that cancer or Other diseases are provided) and assesses.In addition, method disclosed herein and technology can be used for assessing biomarker, comprise vesica biomarker and microRNA.
Can be in method and composition disclosed herein for assessment of other biomarker again comprise and Rajendran etc., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A2006, 103:11172-11177, Taylor etc., Gynecol Oncol2008, 110:13-21, Zhou etc., Kidney Int2008, 74:613-621, Buning etc., the J Immunol2008 such as Immunology2008, Prado, 181:1519-1525, Vella etc. (2008) Vet Immunol Immunopathol124 (3-4): 385-93, Gould etc. (2003) .Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A100 (19): 10592-7, Fang etc. (2007) .PLoS Biol5 (6): e158, Chen, B.J.and R.A.Lamb (2008) .Virology372 (2): 221-32, Bhatnagar, S.and J.S.Schorey (2007) .J Biol Chem282 (35): 25779-89, Bhatnagar etc. (2007) Blood110 (9): 3234-44, Yuyama etc. (2008) .J Neurochem105 (1): 217-24, Gomes etc. (2007) .Neurosci Lett428 (1): 43-6, Nagahama etc. (2003) .Autoimmunity36 (3): 125-31, Taylor, D.D., S.Akyol etc. (2006) .J Immunol176 (3): 1534-42, Peche etc. (2006) .Am J Transplant6 (7): 1541-50, Iero, M., M.Valenti etc. (2008) .Cell Death and Differentiation15:80-88, Gesierich, S., I.Berezoversuskiy etc. (2006), Cancer Res66 (14): 7083-94, Clayton, A., A.Turkes etc. (2004) .Faseb J18 (9): 977-9, Skriner., K.Adolph etc. (2006) .Arthritis Rheum54 (12): 3809-14, Brouwer, R., G.J.Pruijn etc. (2001) .Arthritis Res3 (2): 102-6, Kim, S.H., N.Bianco etc. (2006) .Mol Ther13 (2): 289-300, Evans, C.H., S.C.Ghivizzani etc. (2000) .Clin Orthop Relat Res (379Suppl): S300-7, Zhang, H.G., C.Liu etc. (2006) .J Immunol176 (12): 7385-93, Van Niel, G., J.Mallegol etc. (2004) .Gut52:1690-1697, Fiasse, R. with disclosed situation in O.Dewit (2007) .Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents17 (12): 1423-1441 (19) or the relevant biomarker of physiological status.Disclosed biomarker in these publications (comprising vesica biomarker and microRNA) can be used as a part for the marking for characterizing phenotype (such as diagnosis, prognosis or treatment diagnosis that cancer or Other diseases are provided) and assesses.In addition, method disclosed herein and technology can be used for assessing biomarker, comprise vesica biomarker and microRNA.
In one aspect of the method, the invention provides the method for evaluating cancer, comprise the level detecting from one or more circulating biological marks in experimenter's sample, described biomarker is selected from CD9, HSP70, Gal3, MIS, EGFR, ER, ICB3, CD63, B7H4, MUC1, DLL4, CD81, ERB3, VEGF, BCA225, BRCA, CA125, CD174, CD24, ERB2, NGAL, GPR30, CYFRA21, CD31, cMET, MUC2 or ERB4.CD9, HSP7, Gal3, MIS, EGFR, ER, ICB3, CD63, B7H4, MUC1, DLL4, CD81, ERB3, VEGF, BCA225, BRCA, BCA200, CA125, CD174, CD24, ERB2, NGAL, GPR30, CYFRA21, CD31, cMET, MUC2 or ERB4.In another embodiment, one or more circulating biological marks are selected from CD9, EphA2, EGFR, B7H3, PSMA, PCSA, CD63, STEAP, STEAP, CD81, B7H3, STEAP1, ICAM1 (CD54), PSMA, A33, DR3, CD66e, MFG-8e, EphA2, Hepsin, TMEM211, EphA2, TROP-2, EGFR, mammaglobin, Hepsin, NPGP/NPFF2, PSCA, 5T4, NGAL, NK-2, EpCam, NGAL, NK-1R, PSMA, 5T4, PAI-1 and CD45.In another embodiment again, one or more circulating biological marks are selected from CD9, MIS Rii, ER, CD63, MUC1, HER3, STAT3, VEGFA, BCA, CA125, CD24, EPCAM and ERB B4.Can from these groups, evaluate multiple useful biomarker, for example, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 or more kinds of.In some embodiments, one or more biomarkers are one or more in Cal3, BCA200, OPN and NCAM, for example, Gal3 and BCA200, OPN and NCAM, or whole four kinds.Evaluate cancer and can comprise diagnosis, prognosis or treatment diagnosing cancer.Cancer can be mammary cancer.Mark can with vesica or vesica cluster correlation.For example, one or more circulating biological marks can be vesica surface antigen or vesica useful load.Vesica surface antigen can further be used as capture antigen, detectable antigens or both.
The present invention further provides the method for the response of prediction to therapeutical agent, comprise the level detecting from one or more circulating biological marks in experimenter's sample, described circulating biological mark is selected from CD9, HSP70, Gal3, MIS, EGFR, ER, ICB3, CD63, B7H4, MUC1, DLL4, CD81, ERB3, VEGF, BCA225, BRCA, CA125, CD174, CD24, ERB2, NGAL, GPR30, CYFRA21, CD31, cMET, MUC2 or ERB4.Biomarker can also be selected from CD9, EphA2, EGFR, B7H3, PSMA, PCSA, CD63, STEAP, STEAP, CD81, B7H3, STEAP1, ICAM1 (CD54), PSMA, A33, DR3, CD66e, MFG-8e, EphA2, Hepsin, TMEM211, EphA2, TROP-2, EGFR, mammaglobin, Hepsin, NPGP/NPFF2, PSCA, 5T4, NGAL, NK-2, EpCam, NGAL, NK-1R, PSMA, 5T4, PAI-1 and CD45.In another embodiment again, one or more circulating biological marks are selected from CD9, MIS Rii, ER, CD63, MUC1, HER3, STAT3, VEGFA, BCA, CA125, CD24, EPCAM and ERB B4.Can from these groups, evaluate multiple useful biomarker, for example, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 or more kinds of.In some embodiments, one or more biomarkers are one or more in Cal3, BCA200, OPN and NCAM, for example, and Gal3 and BCA200, OPN and NCAM or whole four kinds.Therapeutical agent can be the therapeutical agent that is used for the treatment of cancer.Cancer can be mammary cancer.Mark can with vesica or vesica cluster correlation.For example, one or more circulating biological marks can be vesica surface antigen or vesica useful load.Vesica surface antigen can further be used as capture antigen, detectable antigens or both.
The whole bag of tricks or platform can be for evaluating or detect the biomarker of identifying herein.Such method or the example of platform include but not limited to that or known in the art additive method disclosed herein with antibody array, microballon detects one or more biomarkers.For example, can be by the capture antibody of one or more biomarkers or fit being bonded on array or pearl.Then use and can detect the vesica of catching by detection agent.In some embodiments, use the reagent (for example, antibody or fit) of the general vesica biomarker that is identified in whole vesica crowd surveillance to detect the vesica of catching, general vesica biomarker is for example four transmembrane proteins or MFG-E8.These can comprise four transmembrane protein classes, as CD9, CD63 and/or CD81.In other embodiments, for example use, for the specific mark in vesica source (, the type of tissue or organ) and detect the vesica of catching.In some embodiments, use CD31 to detect the vesica of catching, CD31 is for the cell in endothelium source or the mark of vesica.As required, also can be for detection of for the biomarker of catching, vice versa.
Method of the present invention can be for assessment of various diseases or illness, and wherein biomarker is corresponding to various such diseases or illness.For example, method of the present invention is applied to one or more cancers of assessment, as disclosed herein those, wherein method comprises and detecting from the level of one or more circulating biological marks in experimenter's sample, described circulating biological mark is selected from 5T4 (nurse cell), ADAM10, AGER/RAGE, APC, APP (amyloid beta), ASPH (A-10), B7H3 (CD276), BACE1, BAI3, BRCA1, BDNF, BIRC2, C1GALT1, CA125 (MUC16), calmodulin 1, CCL2 (MCP-1), CD9, CD10, CD127 (IL7R), CD174, CD24, CD44, CD63, CD81, CEA, CRMP-2, CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR6, CYFRA21, derlin1, DLL4, DPP6, E-CAD, EpCaM, EphA2 (H-77), ER (1) ESR1 α, ER (2) ESR2 β, Erb B4, Erbb2, erb3 (Erb-B3), PA2G4, FRT (FLT1), Gal3, GPR30 (ER1 of G-combination), HAP1, HER3, HSP-27, HSP70, IC3b, IL8, insig, connect plakoglobin, keratin 15, KRAS, mammaglobin, MART1, MCT2, MFGE8, MMP9, MRP8, Muc1, MUC17, MUC2, NCAM, NG2 (CSPG4), Ngal, NHE-3, NT5E (CD73), ODC1, OPG, OPN, p53, PARK7, PCSA, PGP9.5 (PARK5), PR (B), PSA, PSMA, RAGE, STXBP4, survivin, TFF3 (secretion), TIMP1, TIMP2, TMEM211, TRAF4 (skeleton), TRAIL-R2 (death receptor 5), TrkB, Tsg101, UNC93a, VEGF A, VEGFR2, YB-1, VEGFR1, GCDPF-15 (PIP), BigH3 (TGFb1-inducible protein), 5HT2B (serotonin receptor 2B), BRCA2, BACE1, CDH1-cadherin.The method can comprise the protein, RNA or the DNA that detect the target biomarker of specifying.Can directly evaluate one or more marks from biofluid, as those fluids disclosed herein, maybe can evaluate the dependency of itself and vesica, for example, as vesica surface antigen or for example, as vesica useful load (, soluble protein, mRNA or DNA).The particular organisms marking that uses method and composition of the present invention to measure can comprise multiple useful biomarker, for example, the biological marking can comprise 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 or more kinds of different biomarker (or in some cases, the differing molecular of identical biomarker, as protein and nucleic acid).Vesica surface antigen can also be used as capture antigen, detectable antigens or both, as herein or disclosed by quoting in the application being incorporated to.
Method and composition of the present invention is applied to all respects of assessment of cancer, comprise the different informednesses aspect of identifying cancer, for example, identify that indication is shifted, the biological marking of vasculogenesis, or the different steps of identical tumour or tumour pedigree, classification or subclass are sorted out.
In addition, method of the present invention comprises whether definite disease or illness affect experimenter's immunomodulatory.For example, one or more can be one or more in CD45, FasL, CTLA4, CD80 and CD83 for immunoregulatory circulating biological mark.One or more circulating biological marks for transfer can be one or more in Muc1, CD147, TIMP1, TIMP2, MMP7 and MMP9.One or more biomarkers for vasculogenesis can be one or more in HIF2a, Tie2, Ang1, DLL4 and VEGF2.Can from these groups, evaluate multiple useful biomarker, for example, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 or more kinds of.Cancer can be mammary cancer.Mark can with vesica or vesica cluster correlation.For example, one or more circulating biological marks can be vesica surface antigen or vesica useful load.Vesica surface antigen can further be used as capture antigen, detectable antigens or both.
The biological marking can comprise DLL4 or cMET.6-sample 4 (DLL4) is Notch-part and raises in angiogenesis.CMET (also referred to as c-Met, MET or MNNG HOS transforming gene) is the proto-oncogene of coding membrane receptor casein kinase, and its part is pHGF (HGF).MET albumen is sometimes called hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR).MET expresses conventionally on epithelial cell, and unsuitable activation can cause tumor growth, vasculogenesis and transfer.DLL4 and cMET can be as the biomarkers that detects vesica colony.
Can be obtained and the biomarker analyzed comprises miRNA (miR), miRNA* nonsense (miR*) and other RNA (including but not limited to mRNA, preRNA, priRNA, hnRNA, snRNA, siRNA, shRNA) by vesica.MiRNA biomarker not only comprises its miRNA and microRNA * nonsense, and comprises its precursor molecule: former microRNA (former miR) and front microRNA (front miR).The sequence of miRNA can obtain from disclosing available database, for example http://www.mirbase.org/, http://www.microma.org/ or any other available database.Unless indicate, term miR, miRNA and microRNA are used interchangeably in whole specification sheets, unless mark.In some embodiments, method of the present invention comprises separation vesica, and evaluates the miRNA useful load separating in vesica.Described biomarker can also be nucleic acid molecule (as DNA), protein or peptide.Can measure the existence of described biomarker or do not exist, expression level, sudden change (for example transgenation, as disappearance, transposition, repetition, Nucleotide or amino-acid substitution etc.).Can also analyze any epigenetic regulation or the copy number variation of biomarker.
One or more biomarkers of analyzing can be the indication of particular organization or cell derived, disease or physiological status.In addition the existence of one or more biomarkers described herein,, do not exist or expression level can be relevant to experimenter's phenotype (comprising disease, situation, prognosis or drug effect).The particular organisms mark below providing and the biological marking have formed the non-inclusive example of each disease, situation comparison, situation and/or physiological status.In addition one or more biomarkers of assessing for phenotype, can be the specific vesica of cell source.
Can be selected from the miRNA described in PCT publication number No.WO2009/036236 for one or more miRNA that characterize phenotype.For example, in Table I-VI (Fig. 6-11), one or more listed miRNA can hide for characterizing adenocarcinoma of colon, colorectal carcinoma, prostate cancer, lung cancer, mammary cancer, b-cell lymphoma, carcinoma of the pancreas, diffuse large B CL cancer, CLL, bladder cancer, kidney, hypoxic tumor, hysteromyoma, ovarian cancer, hepatitis C virus related Hepatocellular Carcinoma, ALL, alzheimer's disease, myelofibrosis, myelofibrosis, polycythemia vera, thrombocytosis, HIV or HIV-I therein, as further described herein.
Can in vesica, detect one or more miRNA.Described one or more miRNA can be miR-223, miR-484, miR-191, miR-146a, miR-016, miR-026a, miR-222, miR-024, miR-126 and miR-32.In addition, can also in PBMC, detect one or more miRNA.Described one or more miRNA can be miR-223, miR-150, miR-146b, miR-016, miR-484, miR-146a, miR-191, miR-026a, miR-019b or miR-020a.Described one or more miRNA can be for characterizing specific disease or situation.For example, for bladder cancer disease, can detect one or more miRNA, for example miR-223, miR-26b, miR-221, miR-103-1, miR-185, miR-23b, miR-203, miR-17-5p, miR-23a, miR-205 or their any combination.One or more described miRNA can be raised or cross and express.
In some embodiments, one or more described miRNA are used for characterizing hypoxic tumor.One or more described miRNA can be miR-23, miR-24, miR-26, miR-27, miR-103, miR-107, miR-181, miR-210 or miR-213, and can raise.One or more miRNA can also be used for characterizing hysteromyoma.For example, can be member, miR-21, miR-23b, miR-29b or the miR-197 of let-7 family for characterizing one or more miRNA of hysteromyoma.Described miRNA can be raised.
Can also characterize myelofibrosis, for example miR-190 (it can raise) by one or more miRNA; MiR-31, miR-150 and miR-95 (it can be lowered); Or their any combination.In addition, can also characterize myelofibrosis, polycythemia vera or thrombocytosis by detecting one or more miRNA, such as but not limited to miR-34a, miR-342, miR-326, miR-105, miR-149, miR-147 or their any combination.One or more described miRNA can lower.
Other example of the phenotype that can characterize by one or more biomarkers of assessment vesica further describes hereinafter.
Can use one or more biomarkers of probe in detecting.Probe can comprise chemical compound (including but not limited to medicine or labelled reagent), arborescence or their combination of oligonucleotide (for example DNA or RNA), fit, monoclonal antibody, polyclonal antibody, Fab, Fab ', single-chain antibody, synthetic antibody, class peptide, zDNA, peptide nucleic acid(PNA) (PNA), lock nucleic acid (LNA), lectin, synthetic or natural formation.Can by for example directly mark carry out the probe described in direct-detection, or carry out the probe described in indirect detection by for example labelled reagent.Described probe can optionally be identified biomarker.For example, can optionally hybridize with miRNA biomarker as the probe of oligonucleotide.
In many aspects, the present invention diagnoses, treats diagnosis, prognosis, disease classification, treatment monitoring or the person of responding/non-respondent's status predication for disease or imbalance to experimenter.The present invention includes the vesica from experimenter is assessed, it comprises that assessment is present in the biomarker on described vesica and/or assesses the useful load in described vesica, such as protein, nucleic acid or other biomolecules.Can use vesica to assess and can be used for implementing method of the present invention to disease or the relevant any suitable biomarker of lacking of proper care.In addition, can use any suitable technical evaluation vesica as herein described.The exemplary biomarker for specified disease of can the method according to this invention assessing comprises the biomarker described in the international patent application series No.PCT/US2011/031479 that the denomination of invention submitted on April 6th, 2011 is " Circulatiing Biomaerkers for Disease ".
The biomarker of the arbitrary type described in can evaluating herein or specific biomarker are with the identification of organism marking or identify the biological marking of candidate.Exemplary biomarker includes but not limited to those in table 5.As disclosed herein, the mark in this table can be for catching and/or detect the vesica for characterizing phenotype.In some cases, can use multiple catch and/or detection agent with strengthen characterize.Can be used as protein or mRNA detects mark, its can be freely circulate or with the mixture of other biological molecule in.Can be used as vesica surface antigen or detect mark with vesica useful load." illustrative classification " represents that mark is the indication of markers with known.Those skilled in the art will recognize that, in a particular case, mark also can be for arranging of substituting.For example, also can be suitably for characterizing another kind of disease for the mark that characterizes one type of disease.Having considered can be as the limiting examples of the tumor markers of the biomarker of the tumour from different pedigrees.
Table 5: illustrative vesica associated biomolecule mark
Figure BPA0000186429140001181
Figure BPA0000186429140001191
Figure BPA0000186429140001201
Figure BPA0000186429140001211
Figure BPA0000186429140001221
Figure BPA0000186429140001231
Figure BPA0000186429140001241
Figure BPA0000186429140001251
Figure BPA0000186429140001261
Figure BPA0000186429140001271
Figure BPA0000186429140001281
Figure BPA0000186429140001291
Figure BPA0000186429140001301
Figure BPA0000186429140001311
Figure BPA0000186429140001341
Figure BPA0000186429140001351
Figure BPA0000186429140001361
Figure BPA0000186429140001371
Figure BPA0000186429140001391
Figure BPA0000186429140001401
Figure BPA0000186429140001411
Figure BPA0000186429140001421
Figure BPA0000186429140001431
Figure BPA0000186429140001441
Figure BPA0000186429140001451
Figure BPA0000186429140001461
Figure BPA0000186429140001481
Figure BPA0000186429140001491
Figure BPA0000186429140001501
Figure BPA0000186429140001511
Figure BPA0000186429140001521
The disclosure provides various biomarkers, it can evaluate in the biological marking of determining given test sample, and it comprises evaluates polypeptide and/or the biological nucleic acid mark for example, with the state of various cancers and cancer (, metastatic v. non-metastatic) relevant.
In an example, can come for cancer evaluation test sample by existence or the level of determining one or more biomarkers, described biomarker includes but not limited to CA-125, CA19-9 and c-reactive protein.Cancer can be the cancer of reproductive tract, for example, and ovarian cancer.Described one or more biomarkers may further include one or more thing marks, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 or more kinds of biomarker, comprise CD95, FAP-1, miR-200 microRNA, EGFR, EGFRvIII, A Li apo AI, apolipoproteins CIII, myohaemoglobin, cytotactin C, MSH6, closed protein-3, closed protein-4, cFLIP, thromboplastin, CD9, CD36, CD37, CD53, CD63, CD81, CD136, CD147, Hsp70, Hsp90, Rab13, desmocollin-1, EMP-2, CK7, CK20, GCDF15, CD82, Rab-5b, annexin V, one or more in MFG-E8 and HLA-DR.MiR-200 microRNA (, miR-200 microRNA family) comprises miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-200c, miR-141 and miR-429.Such evaluation can comprise protein, nucleic acid or both existence or the level determined for each biomarker disclosed herein.
CD95 (also referred to as Fas, Fas antigen, Fas acceptor, FasR, TNFRSF6, APT1 or APO-1) is prototype death receptor, and it is regulated and main in immunity system, organized running balance by cell death inducing.In cancer progression process, CD95 usually lowers and gives cell to apoptotic resistance, implies that thus the forfeiture of CD95 is as the part for tumor escape mechanism.The oncogenic activity of CD95 mediates by the approach that relates to JNK and Jun.FAP-1 (also referred to as the relevant phosphatase 1 of Fas-, Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, 13 types non--acceptor (APO-1/CD95 (Fas)-relevant Phosphoric acid esterase), PTPN13) be the member of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases (PTP) family.Report the interaction of FAP-1 and CD95, and made CD95 dephosphorylation, implied thus the effect in the programmed cell death of Fas mediation.MiR-200 family member can regulate CD95 and FAP-1.Referring to Schickel etc., miR-200c regulates induction of apoptosis through CD95by targeting FAP-1.Mol.Cell., 38,908-915 (2010), is incorporated herein the full content of this publication by quoting.
Method of the present invention disclosed herein can be used the CD95 of the microcapsule bubble colony existing in biological sample and/or FAP-1 to characterize or somatotype, to determine existing or cancered tendency of cancer, includes but not limited to any cancer disclosed herein.The inventive method that comprises the multiple analysis of multiple biomarker is used CD95 and/or FAP-1 biomarker to characterize, and other biological mark disclosed herein, includes but not limited to miR-200 microRNA (for example, miR-200c).In one embodiment, evaluate from individual bioassay sample to determine existing and level of CD95 and/or FAP-1 albumen, or existence or the level of CD95+ and/or FAP-1+ circulation microcapsule bubble (" cMV ") colony, and by this existence or level and with reference to (for example, from anosis or normal, pretreat or different treatment time point sample) compare.By this relatively for characterization test sample.For example,, by the relatively response/non-response to treatment for definite disease phenotype or prediction of the existence of CD95 albumen, FAP-1 albumen, CD95+cMV and/or FAP-1+cMV in test sample or level and reference.In related embodiment, further evaluate cMV colony to determine existing or level of miR-200 microRNA, it pre-determines to be used to refer to disease or other prognosis, treatment diagnosis or diagnostic result in the training set with reference to sample.With non-cancer with reference to compared with, the FAP-1 level improving in test sample can be indicated the existence of cancer, or the existence of the higher cancer of aggressive.With non-cancer with reference to compared with, the CD95 of reduction or miR200 family member's (as, miR-200c) level can be indicated the existence of cancer, or the existence of the higher cancer of aggressive.Can be by immunoprecipitation, flow cytometry disclosed herein or other separation methods known in the art separate cMV colony to be evaluated.
In related fields, the invention provides a kind of method of characterizing cancers, it comprises the level that detects one or more biomarkers, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 or 22 kind of biomarker, described biomarker is selected from A2ML1, BAX, C10orf47, C1orf162, CSDA, EIFC3, ETFB, GABARAPL2, GUK1, GZMH, HIST1H3B, HLA-A, HSP90AA1, NRGN, PRDX5, PTMA, RABAC1, RABAGAP1L, RPL22, SAP18, SEPW1, SOX1 and combination thereof.One or more biomarkers can comprise PTMA (prothymosin, α), the member of prothymosin/other thymus gland parathyrine family, and it is divided into thymosin alpha 1 and in immunomodulatory, has effect.Thymosin alpha 1 is approved for the treatment of hepatitis B and the third liver at least 35 countries, and approval packet is contained in vaccine to strengthen the immunne response in other diseases treatment.In one embodiment, biomarker comprises mRNA.Can be from according to separating mRNA the vesica of described separation herein.In some embodiments, for example, by filter or centrifugation sample in total vesica colony.Can also pass through affinity, for example, use the bonding agent for general vesica biomarker, disease biomarker or cell-specific biomarker, separate vesica.The level of biomarker can be compared with contrasting (as, the not sample with cancer), wherein the level of biomarker is used for to characterizing cancers with respect to the variation of contrast.Cancer can be prostate cancer.
In one embodiment, the cancer of evaluation of the present invention comprises prostate cancer, and by microRNA (miR) for distinguishing transitivity vs. non-metastatic prostate cancer.Stages of prostate cancer is the process that diffusion is exceeded to prostatic risk of cancer classification.Such diffusion with local treatment (as, surgical operation or radiotherapy) possibility of curing is relevant.The information of considering in such prognosis classification is based on clinical and Pathologic factors, comprises physical examination, imaging research, blood test and/or biopsy.
The most common scheme for stages of prostate cancer is announced by american cancer joint committee (American Joint Committee on Cancer), and is called TNM system.Scope, the transfer of the size of TNM system evaluation tumour, the lymphoglandula relating to, and consider cancer grade.The same with many other cancers, these cancers are divided into groups according to the phase conventionally, for example, and the I-IV phase.Conventionally, I phase disease be when (as, benign prostatauxe) takes out prostata tissue for other reasons in small portion sample cancer serendipitous, and cell when approaching very much normal cell and body of gland and referring to examine sensation normal.Interim at II, relate to more prostate gland, and in body of gland, can feel agglomerate.Interim at III, tumour spreads by prostatic utriculus, and can on gland surface, feel agglomerate.In IV phase disease, tumour has been attacked near structure, or has diffused to lymphoglandula or other organs.
The Whitmore-Jewett phase is now not too conventional another kind of staging system.Gleason hierarchy system is cell content and the weave construction based on from biopsy, and it provides the destructive potential of disease and the estimation of final prognosis.
TNM staging system can be for describing the degree of cancer in subject.T describes the big or small of tumour and whether it attacks near tissue, and N describes the regional nodes relating to, and M describes transfer at a distance.TNM (UICC) maintains by International Union Against Cancer (International Union Against Cancer), and is used by american cancer joint committee (AJCC) and International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics).Those skilled in the art understand not all tumour and have TNM classification, as, for example, cerebral tumor.Conventionally, T (a is (0), 1-4) measures as size or the direct degree of primary tumor.N (0-3) refers to the degree that diffuses to regional nodes: N0 and represents that regional nodes does not exist tumour cell, N1 represents that tumour cell diffuses in nearest or a small amount of regional nodes, and N2 represents that tumour cell diffuses to the degree between N1 and N3; N3 represents that tumour cell diffuses in regional nodeses farthest or a large amount of.M (0/1) refers to the existence of transfer: MX represents not evaluate transfer far away; M0 represents not exist transfer far away; M1 represents that transfer has betided remote organ (exceeding regional nodes).M1 can further describe as follows: M1a represents that cancer has diffused to the lymphoglandula that exceeds regional nodes; M1b represents that cancer has diffused to bone; And M1c represents that cancer has diffused to other positions (regardless of bone involvement).Can also evaluate other parameters.G (1-4) refers to the grade (that is, if they look similar to normal cell, they are low-grade, and if the differentiation that their demonstrations are gone on business is high-grade) of cancer cells.R (0/1/2) refers to the thoroughness (, the excision border of cancer-free cell, or do not have) of operation.L (0/1) refers to and attacks to lymphatic vessel.V (0/1) refers to and attacks to vein.C (1-4) refers to the adjustment factor of the determinacy (quality) of V.
Usually evaluate tumor of prostate with Gleason points-scoring system.Gleason points-scoring system is the micro-tumour pattern based on being evaluated by pathologist, explains biopsy sample simultaneously.In the time that prostate cancer is present in biopsy, Gleason scoring is the extent of damage based on normal glandular tissue structure (, the shape of body of gland, size and differentiation).Classical Gleason points-scoring system has five standard weave's patterns, and it is called tumour " grade " technically.The micro-of this normal gland structure loss that represents to be caused by cancer by grade determined, digital scope from 1 to 5,5th, the poorest grade.Grade 1 normally wherein carcinous prostate gland be very similar to normal prostate tissue.Body of gland be little, form is good and dense packing.Grade 2 times, organize and still there is the good body of gland of form, but they have more greatly and betwixt more tissue, and grade 3 times, organize still to there is discernible body of gland, but cell is darker.Under high-amplification-factor, some in these cells in grade 3 samples have been left body of gland, and start to attack surrounding tissue.Class 4 sample has with the tissue that seldom can identify body of gland, and many cells are being attacked surrounding tissue.For class 5 sample, organize not have and can identify body of gland, and be usually the cell sheets that spreads all over surrounding tissue.
The miR that distinguishes transitivity and non-metastatic prostate cancer was expression with respect to non-metastatic sample in transitivity sample.Or the miR that distinguishes transitivity and non-metastatic prostate cancer was expression with respect to transitivity sample in non-metastatic sample.Comprise one or more for the useful miR that distinguishes metastatic prostate cancer, for example, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 or 8 kind of miR, it is selected from miR-495, miR-10a, miR-30a, miR-570, miR-32, miR-885-3p, miR-564 and miR-134.In another embodiment, comprise one or more for the miR that distinguishes metastatic prostate cancer, for example, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13 or 14 kind of miR, it is selected from hsa-miR-375, hsa-miR-452, hsa-miR-200b, hsa-miR-146b-5p, hsa-miR-1296, hsa-miR-17*, hsa-miR-100, hsa-miR-574-3p, hsa-miR-20a*, hsa-miR-572, hsa-miR-1236, hsa-miR-181a, hsa-miR-937 and hsa-miR-23a*.In another embodiment again, the useful miR for distinguishing metastatic prostate cancer comprises, for example, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 or 9 kind of miR, it is selected from hsa-miR-200b, hsa-miR-375, hsa-miR-582-3p, hsa-miR-17*, hsa-miR-1296, hsa-miR-20a*, hsa-miR-100, hsa-miR-452 and hsa-miR-577.Can be one or more for the miR that distinguishes metastatic prostate cancer, for example, 1,2,3 or 4 kind of miR, it is selected from miR-141, miR-375, miR-200b and miR-574-3p.
In one aspect, by microRNA (miR) for distinguishing cancer and non-cancer sample.Can analyze the vesica that is derived from patient's sample for the miR useful load comprising in vesica.Sample can be body fluid, comprises seminal fluid, urine, blood, serum or blood plasma.Sample can also comprise tissue or biopsy samples.Multiple diverse ways can be used for detecting miR.In some embodiments, the array of miR group is used for detecting simultaneously the expression of multiple miR.Exiqon mIRCURYLNA microRNA PCR system group (Exiqon, Inc., Woburn, MA) can be for such object.The miR that distinguishes cancer can be with respect to being expression to impinging upon in cancer sample.The useful miR for distinguishing cancer and non-cancer comprises one or more, for example, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12 or 13 kind of miR, it is selected from hsa-miR-574-3p, hsa-miR-331-3p, hsa-miR-326, hsa-miR-181a-2*, hsa-miR-130b, hsa-miR-301a, hsa-miR-141, hsa-miR-432, hsa-miR-107, hsa-miR-628-5p, hsa-miR-625*, hsa-miR-497 and hsa-miR-484.In another embodiment, the useful miR for distinguishing cancer and non-cancer comprises one or more, for example, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 or 10 kind of miR, it is selected from hsa-miR-574-3p, hsa-miR-141, hsa-miR-331-3p, hsa-miR-432, hsa-miR-326, hsa-miR-2110, hsa-miR-107, hsa-miR-130b, hsa-miR-301a and hsa-miR-625*.In another embodiment again, the useful miR for distinguishing cancer and non-cancer comprises one or more, for example, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 or 9 kind of miR, it is selected from hsa-miR-107, hsa-miR-326, hsa-miR-432, hsa-miR-574-3p, hsa-miR-625*, hsa-miR-2110, hsa-miR-301a, hsa-miR-141 or hsa-miR-373*.Cancer can comprise above listed those cancers.In exemplary, cancer is prostate cancer, and microRNA (miR) is for distinguishing prostate cancer and non-cancer sample.
The method is considered the combination of evaluation cycle biomarker.For example, analyzing from the multiple markers of antibody array and miR can be for distinguishing prostate cancer and normal, BPH and PCa or transitivity vs. non-metastatic disease.By this way, can obtain sensitivity, specificity and/or the accuracy of raising.In some embodiments, in patient's sample, detect the level of one or more miR, for example, 1,2,3,4,5 or 6 kind of miR, it is selected from hsa-miR-432, hsa-miR-143, hsa-miR-424, hsa-miR-204, hsa-miR-581f and hsa-miR-451, to assess existing of prostate cancer.Any in these miR may raise in the patient who suffers from PCa, but has the blood-serum P SA of < 4.0ng/ml.In one embodiment, the invention provides the method for evaluating prostate cancer, comprise the level of determining from one or more miR in experimenter's sample, for example, 1,2,3,4,5 or 6 kind of miR, it is selected from hsa-miR-432, hsa-miR-143, hsa-miR-424, hsa-miR-204, hsa-miR-581f and hsa-miR-451.Sample can be body fluid, for example, and blood, blood plasma or serum.Can in the vesica of sample, separate miR in separation.Experimenter can have the PSA level lower than certain threshold value, as in blood sample 2.0,2.2,2.4,2.6,2.8,3.0,3.2,3.4,3.6,3.8,4.0,4.2,4.4,4.6,4.8,5.0,5.2,5.4,5.6,5.8 or 6.0ng/ml.Than the existence that can indicate PCa in sample with reference to miR level high in sample.In some embodiments, with reference to comprising from the level of not suffering from one or more miR in experimenter's the control sample of PCa.In some embodiments, with reference to comprising from the level of suffering from one or more miR in experimenter's the control sample of PCa and PSA level >=certain threshold value, described threshold value is as 2.0,2.2,2.4,2.6,2.8,3.0,3.2,3.4,3.6,3.8,4.0,4.2,4.4,4.6,4.8,5.0,5.2,5.4,5.6,5.8 or 6.0ng/ml.Threshold value can be 4.0ng/ml.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the vesica in evaluate patient sample is to provide diagnosis, prognosis or treatment diagnostic result.The vesica analysis of patient's sample comprises detection vesica surface biological mark, for example, and surface antigen, and/or vesica useful load, for example, mRNA and microRNA, as described herein.Be presented in PCT patent application PCT/US09/06095 that on November 12nd, 2009 submits to and that denomination of invention is " METHODS AND SYSTEMS OF USING EXOSOMES FOR DETERMINING PHENOTYPES " for the method for vesica analysis; On July 7th, 2010 submits to and denomination of invention is the U.S. temporary patent application 61/362,674 of " METHODS AND SYSTEMS OF USING VESICLES FOR DETERMINING PHENOTYPES "; Submit to on October 15th, 2010 and denomination of invention is in the U.S. temporary patent application 61/393,823 of " DETECTION OF GI CANCERS ", and these applications are all incorporated herein by quoting.
In one aspect, the present invention includes the method for identifying from the biological marking of one or more vesicas in described experimenter's biological sample, the wherein said biological marking comprises the analysis of vesica surface antigen and vesica useful load.Described surface antigen can comprise surface protein, and vesica useful load can comprise microRNA.For example, can catch vesica with the bonding agent of identification vesica surface antigen, and can evaluate these and catch the microRNA in vesica.Therefore, the biological marking can comprise the microRNA in surface antigen and the vesica for catching.The biological marking can be for diagnosis, prognosis or treatment diagnostic purpose.For example, the biological marking can be to identify that cancer, evaluation aggressive or metastatic cancer or evaluation may be in response to the markings of the cancer of candidate therapeutic agent.
As illustrative example, consider to catch vesica in sample and then evaluate the method for the miR-141 level in vesica of catching with the antibody of B7H3.In this example, the biological marking is included in the miR-141 level in the exosome that its surface presents B7H3.The level of miR-141 in the level of the B7H3+ vesica per sample and sample, the biological marking can indicate sample to comprise cancer, comprises invasive cancer, may be in response to specific treatment or chemotherapeutics etc.
In one embodiment, the method for evaluating the cancer in experimenter comprises: identify the biological marking from one or more vesicas in described experimenter's biological sample, comprising: the level of determining one or more general vesicle protein matter biomarkers; Determine the level of one or more cell-specific proteins matter biomarkers; Determine the level of one or more disease specific protein biomarkers; With the level of one or more microRNA biomarkers in definite vesica, wherein said sign comprise by the level of biomarker described in described sample with reference to compared with to determine that described experimenter's possibility easily suffers from or suffer from cancer.Can in single test, detect protein biomarker in multiple mode.MicroRNA biomarker also can detect in multiple mode in single test.In some cases, cell-specific and disease specific biomarker can be overlapping, and for example, a kind of biomarker can be for the identification of the cancer from specific cells source.Described biological sample can be body fluid, as blood, serum or blood plasma.
In an example, method of the present invention comprises the diagnostic test for prostate cancer, and it comprises that separating vesica from the blood sample from patient exists or non-existent vesica to detect indication prostate cancer.Blood can be serum or blood plasma.Identify by use specific vesica surface antigen " capture antibody " catch to separate vesica.Comprise four transmembrane protein CD9, CD63 and CD81 (it is present in the vesica of blood conventionally, and therefore as general vesica biomarker), prostate specific biomarker PSMA and PCSA and cancer specific biomarker B7H3 for the surface antigen of Diagnosis of prostate cancer.In some cases, EpCam is also as cancer specific biomarker, or alternative B7H3.Capture antibody can tie in substrate.In one embodiment, substrate comprises fluorescently-labeled pearl, and wherein pearl carries out difference mark for each capture antibody.If needed, can evaluate the useful load that detects vesica with characterizing cancers.
As mentioned above, can evaluate biomarker of the present invention with the identification of organism marking.In one aspect, the invention provides a kind of method, it comprises: determine existence or the level of one or more biomarkers in biological sample, wherein said one or more biomarkers comprise one or more biomarkers that are selected from table 5; And identify and comprise the existence of these one or more biomarkers or the biological marking of level.In some embodiments, described method further comprises compares this biology marking with the biological marking of reference, and wherein this,, relatively for characterizing cancers, comprises cancer disclosed herein or known in the art.Can be from the experimenter who does not suffer from cancer with reference to the biological marking.Can also be from this experimenter with reference to the biological marking, for example, the sample obtaining from normal adjacent tissue or from another time point.The variety of way of characterizing cancers is disclosed herein.For example, characterizing cancers can comprise existence or the risk of identifying cancer in experimenter, or identifies that in experimenter, cancer is metastatic or invasive.Comparison step comprises determines the biological marking with respect to whether changing to some extent with reference to the biological marking, provides thus prognosis, diagnosis or the treatment diagnosis of cancer to characterize.Described biological sample comprises body fluid, includes but not limited to body fluid disclosed herein.For example, body fluid can comprise urine, blood or blood derivatives.
One or more biomarkers can be one or more biomarkers that are selected from miR-22, let7a, miR-141, miR-182, miR-663, miR-155, mirR-125a-5p, miR-548a-5p, miR-628-5p, miR-517*, miR-450a, miR-920, hsa-miR-619, miR-1913, miR-224*, miR-502-5p, miR-888, miR-376a, miR-542-5p, miR-30b*, miR-1179 and combination thereof, for example, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 or 10 kind or more kinds of.In one embodiment, one or more biomarkers are selected from miR-22, let7a, miR-141, miR-920, miR-450a and combination thereof.One or more biomarkers, for example, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 or 10 kind or more kinds of biomarker, can be messenger RNA(mRNA) (mRNA) and the combination thereof that is selected from the group of showing the genomic constitution of 20-24 in any herein.For example, one or more biomarkers can comprise 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 or the messenger RNA(mRNA) (mRNA) of 10 kind or more kinds of A2ML1 of being selected from, BAX, C10orf47, C1orf162, CSDA, EIFC3, ETFB, GABARAPL2, GUK1, GZMH, HIST1H3B, HLA-A, HSP90AA1, NRGN, PRDX5, PTMA, RABAC1, RABAGAP1L, RPL22, SAP18, SEPW1, SOX1 and combination thereof.One or more biomarkers can comprise 1,2,3,4,5 or 6 kind of messenger RNA(mRNA) (mRNA) that is selected from A2ML1, GABARAPL2, PTMA, RABAC1, SOX1, EFTB and combination thereof.The useful load that one or more biomarkers can be used as microcapsule bubble colony separates.Colony can be the total group of microcapsule bubble or the special group from sample, as PCSA+ colony.In one embodiment, described method is used for evaluating prostate cancer.For example, described method can comprise the sample of prostate cancer and the sample with prostate cancer not for distinguishing.
In one embodiment, one or more biomarkers, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 kind or more kinds of biomarker, be selected from CA-125, CA19-9, c-reactive protein, CD95, FAP-1, EGFR, EGFRvIII, apolipoproteins AI, apolipoproteins CIII, myohaemoglobin, cytotactin C, MSH6, closed protein-3, closed protein-4, cFLIP, thromboplastin, CD9, CD36, CD37, CD53, CD63, CD81, CD136, CD147, Hsp70, Hsp90, Rab13, desmocollin-1, EMP-2, CK7, CK20, GCDF15, CD82, Rab-5b, annexin V, MFG-E8, HLA-DR, miR200 microRNA, miR-200c and combination thereof.One or more biomarkers can comprise 1,2,3,4 or 5 kind of biomarker that is selected from CA-125, CA19-9, c-reactive protein, CD95, FAP-1 and combination thereof.One or more biomarkers can directly separate from sample, or separate as surface antigen or the useful load of microcapsule bubble colony.In one embodiment, described method is used for evaluating ovarian cancer.For example, the sample that described method can comprise ovarian cancer for differentiation and the not sample with ovarian cancer.Or described method can have difference by stages or the ovarian cancer of prognosis for distinguishing.
In another embodiment, one or more biomarkers, for example, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 or more kinds of biomarker, be selected from hsa-miR-574-3p, hsa-miR-141, hsa-miR-432, hsa-miR-326, hsa-miR-2110, hsa-miR-181a-2*, hsa-miR-107, hsa-miR-301a, hsa-miR-484, hsa-miR-625* and combination thereof.Described method can be for evaluating prostate cancer.For example, the sample that described method can comprise prostate cancer for differentiation and the not sample with prostate cancer.In another embodiment again, one or more biomarkers, for example, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 or more kinds of biomarker, be selected from hsa-miR-582-3p, hsa-miR-20a*, hsa-miR-375, hsa-miR-200b, hsa-miR-379, hsa-miR-572, hsa-miR-513a-5p, hsa-miR-577, hsa-miR-23a*, hsa-miR-1236, hsa-miR-609, hsa-miR-17*, hsa-miR-130b, hsa-miR-619, hsa-miR-624*, hsa-miR-198 and combination thereof.For example, described method can be for distinguishing the sample that comprises metastatic prostate cancer and the sample with non-metastatic prostate cancer.The useful load that described one or more biomarkers can be used as microcapsule bubble colony separates.
One or more biomarkers can be miR-497.Described method can be for evaluating lung cancer.For example, described method can be for distinguishing lung cancer sample and non-cancer sample.The useful load that described one or more biomarkers can be used as microcapsule bubble colony separates.
One or more biomarkers, for example, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 or more kinds of biomarker, can comprise the messenger RNA(mRNA) (mRNA) that is selected from AQP2, BMP5, C16orf86, CXCL13, DST, ERCC1, GNAO1, KLHL5, MAP4K1, NELL2, PENK, PGF, POU3F1, PRSS21, SCML1, SEMG1, SMARCD3, SNAI2, TAF1C, TNNT3 and combination thereof.MRNA can separate from microcapsule bubble.Described method can be for characterizing prostate cancer, as distinguished prostate cancer sample and the normal specimens with cancer not.In another embodiment, one or more biomarkers, for example, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 or more kinds of biomarker, can comprise the messenger RNA(mRNA) (mRNA) that is selected from ADRB2, ARG2, C22orf32, CYorf14, EIF1AY, FEV, KLK2, KLK4, LRRC26, MAOA, NLGN4Y, PNPLA7, PVRL3, SIM2, SLC30A4, SLC45A3, STX19, TRIM36, TRPM8 and combination thereof.MRNA can separate from microcapsule bubble.Described method can be for characterizing prostate cancer, as distinguished prostate cancer sample and the sample with another kind of cancer, for example, mammary cancer.In another embodiment again, one or more biomarkers, for example, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 or more kinds of biomarker, comprise the messenger RNA(mRNA) (mRNA) that is selected from ADRB2, BAIAP2L2, C19orf33, CDX1, CEACAM6, EEF1A2, ERN2, FAM110B, FOXA2, KLK2, KLK4, LOC389816, LRRC26, MIPOL1, SLC45A3, SPDEF, TRIM31, TRIM36, ZNF613 and combination thereof.MRNA can separate from microcapsule bubble.Described method can be for characterizing prostate cancer, as distinguished prostate cancer sample and the sample with another kind of cancer, for example, colorectal carcinoma.In another embodiment again, one or more biomarkers, for example, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 or more kinds of biomarker, comprise the messenger RNA(mRNA) (mRNA) that is selected from ASTN2, CAB39L, CRIP1, FAM110B, FEV, GSTP1, KLK2, KLK4, LOC389816, LRRC26, MUC1, PNPLA7, SIM2, SLC45A3, SPDEF, TRIM36, TRPV6, ZNF613 and combination thereof.MRNA can separate from microcapsule bubble.Described method can be for characterizing prostate cancer, as distinguished prostate cancer sample and the sample with another kind of cancer, for example, lung cancer.One or more biomarkers can also be the microRNAs that regulates one or more mRNA for characterizing prostate cancer.For example, one or more biomarkers, for example, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 or more kinds of biomarker, can comprise the microRNA that is selected from miRs-26a+b, miR-15, miR-16, miR-195, miR-497, miR-424, miR-206, miR-342-5p, miR-186, miR-1271, miR-600, miR-216b, miR-519 family, miR-203 and combination thereof.MicroRNA can be used as the useful load of microcapsule bubble colony and evaluates.
In another embodiment again, described one or more biomarkers, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 20 or more kinds of biomarker, be selected from A33, ABL2, ADAM10, AFP, ALA, ALIX, ALPL, ApoJ/CLU, ASCA, ASPH (A-10), ASPH (D01P), AURKB, B7H3, B7H3, B7H4, BCNP, BDNF, CA125 (MUC16), CA-19-9, C-Bir, CD10, CD151, CD24, CD41, CD44, CD46, CD59 (MEM-43), CD63, CD63, CD66eCEA, CD81, CD81, CD9, CD9, CDA, CDADC1, CRMP-2, CRP, CXCL12, CXCR3, CYFRA21-1, DDX-1, DLL4, DLL4, EGFR, Epcam, EphA2, ErbB2, ERG, EZH2, FASL, FLNA, FRT, GAL3, GATA2, GM-CSF, Gro-α, HAP, HER3 (ErbB3), HSP70, HSPB1, hVEGFR2, iC3b, IL-1B, IL6R, IL6Unc, IL7R α/CD127, IL8, INSIG-2, integrin, KLK2, LAMN, mammary gland globin, M-CSF, MFG-E8, MIF, MISRII, MMP7, MMP9, MUC1, Muc1, MUC17, MUC2, Ncam, NDUFB7, NGAL, NK-2R (C-21), NT5E (CD73), p53, PBP, PCSA, PCSA, PDGFRB, PIM1, PRL, PSA, PSA, PSMA, PSMA, RAGE, RANK, RegIV, RUNX2, S100-A4, s prints rase/FAP, SERPINB3, SIM2 (C-15), SPARC, SPC, SPDEF, SPP1, STEAP, STEAP4, TFF3, TGM2, TIMP-1, TMEM211, Trail-R2, Trail-R4, TrKB (poly), Trop2, Tsg101, TWEAK, UNC93A, VEGFA, wnt-5a (C-16) and combination thereof.Described one or more biomarkers can be in sample direct-detection, or detect as surface antigen or the useful load of microcapsule bubble colony.In one embodiment, the bonding agent of described one or more biomarkers is used for catching microcapsule bubble colony.Can use another kind of bonding agent, for example, the bonding agent of the mark of general vesica mark (as one or more protein in table 3) or cell source or cancer specific biomarker, the microcapsule bubble colony catching described in detecting.In one embodiment, for detection of antigen comprise one or more in CD9, CD63, CD81, PCSA, MUC2 and MFG-E8.In one embodiment, described method is for assessment of prostate cancer.For example, the sample that described method can comprise prostate cancer for differentiation and the not sample with prostate cancer.Or described method has difference by stages or the prostate cancer of prognosis for distinguishing.
In related embodiment, described one or more biomarkers, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 20 or more kinds of biomarker, be selected from A33, ADAM10, AMACR, ASPH (A-10), AURKB, B7H3, CA125, CA-19-9, C-Bir, CD24, CD3, CD41, CD63, CD66e CEA, CD81, CD9, CDADC1, CSA, CXCL12, DCRN, EGFR, EphA2, ERG, FLNA, FRT, GAL3, GM-CSF, Gro-α, HER3 (ErbB3), hVEGFR2, IL6Unc, integrin, mammary gland globin, MFG-E8, MMP9, MUC1, MUC17, MUC2, NGAL, NK-2R (C-21), NY-ESO-1, PBP, PCSA, PIM1, PRL, PSA, PSIP1/LEDGF, PSMA, RANK, S100-A4, seprase/FAP, SIM2 (C-15), SPDEF, SSX2, STEAP, TGM2, TIMP-1, Trail-R4, Tsg101, TWEAK, UNC93A, VCAN, XAGE-1 and combination thereof.Described one or more biomarkers can be in sample direct-detection, or detect as surface antigen or the useful load of microcapsule bubble colony.In one embodiment, the bonding agent of described one or more biomarkers is used for catching microcapsule bubble colony.Can use another kind of bonding agent, for example, the microcapsule bubble colony catching as described in the bonding agent of the mark of general vesica mark (as one or more protein in table 3) or cell source or cancer specific biological mark detects.In one embodiment, for detection of antigen comprise one or more in EpCAM, CD81, PCSA, MUC2 and MFG-E8.In one embodiment, described method is for assessment of prostate cancer.For example, the sample that described method can comprise prostate cancer for differentiation and the not sample with prostate cancer.Or described method has difference by stages or the prostate cancer of prognosis for distinguishing.
In another related embodiment, described one or more biomarkers, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 20 or more kinds of biomarker, be selected from A33, ADAM10, ALIX, AMACR, ASCA, ASPH (A-10), AURKB, B7H3, BCNP, CA125, CA-19-9, C-Bir (flagellin), CD24, CD3, CD41, CD63, CD66e CEA, CD81, CD9, CDADC1, CRP, CSA, CXCL12, CYFRA21-1, DCRN, EGFR, EpCAM, EphA2, ERG, FLNA, GAL3, GATA2, GM-CSF, Gro α, HER3 (ErbB3), HSP70, hVEGFR2, iC3b, IL-1B, IL6Unc, IL8, integrin, KLK2, mammary gland globin, MFG-E8, MMP7, MMP9, MS4A1, MUC1, MUC17, MUC2, NGAL, NK-2R (C-21), NY-ESO-1, p53, PBP, PCSA, PIM1, PRL, PSA, PSMA, RANK, RUNX2, S100-A4, seprase/FAP, SERPINB3, SIM2 (C-15), SPC, SPDEF, SSX2, SSX4, STEAP, TGM2, TIMP-1, TRAIL R2, Trail-R4, Tsg101, TWEAK, VCAN, VEGF A, XAGE and combination thereof.Described one or more biomarkers can be in sample direct-detection, or detect as surface antigen or the useful load of microcapsule bubble colony.In one embodiment, the bonding agent of described one or more biomarkers is used for catching microcapsule bubble colony.Can use another kind of bonding agent, for example, the mark bonding agent of general vesica mark (as one or more protein in table 3) or cell source or cancer specific biomarker, detects the microcapsule bubble colony catching.In one embodiment, for detection of antigen comprise one or more in EpCAM, CD81, PCSA, MUC2 and MFG-E8.In one embodiment, described method is for assessment of prostate cancer.For example, the sample that described method can comprise prostate cancer for differentiation and the not sample with prostate cancer.Or described method has difference by stages or the prostate cancer of prognosis for distinguishing.
In another relevant embodiment again, described one or more biomarkers, for example, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,13,14 or 15 kind of biomarker, be selected from ADAM-10, BCNP, CD9, EGFR, EpCam, IL1B, KLK2, MMP7, p53, PBP, PCSA, SERPINB3, SPDEF, SSX2, SSX4 and combination thereof.Described one or more biomarkers can be in sample direct-detection, or detect as surface antigen or the useful load of microcapsule bubble colony.In one embodiment, the bonding agent of described one or more biomarkers is used for catching microcapsule bubble colony.Can use another kind of bonding agent, for example, the mark bonding agent of general vesica mark (as one or more protein in table 3) or cell source or cancer specific biomarker, detects caught microcapsule bubble colony.In one embodiment, for detection of antigen comprise one or more in EpCAM, KLK2, PBP, SPDEF, SSX2, SSX4.In limiting examples, think that detecting bonding agent is the bonding agent of EpCam, for example, and the antibody of EpCam or fit, wherein said antibody or fit optionally mark are to promote its detection.In such a case, described one or more biomarkers comprise the biomarker pair of one or more EpCam-ADAM-10 of being selected from, EpCam-BCNP, EpCam-CD9, EpCam-EGFR, EpCam-EpCam, EpCam-IL1B, EpCam-KLK2, EpCam-MMP7, EpCam-p53, EpCam-PBP, EpCam-PCSA, EpCam-SERPINB3, EpCam-SPDEF, EpCam-SSX2, EpCam-SSX4 and combination thereof.In one embodiment, described method is for assessment of prostate cancer.For example, the sample that described method can comprise prostate cancer for differentiation and the not sample with prostate cancer.Or described method has difference by stages or the prostate cancer of prognosis for distinguishing.
In one embodiment, described one or more biomarkers, for example, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 or 10 kind or more kinds of biomarker, be selected from miR-148a, miR-329, miR-9, miR-378*, miR-25, miR-614, miR-518c*, miR-378, miR-765, let-7f-2*, miR-574-3p, miR-497, miR-32, miR-379, miR-520g, miR-542-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-1206, miR-663, miR-222 and combination thereof.In another embodiment, described one or more biomarkers, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 kind or more kinds of biomarker, be selected from hsa-miR-877*, hsa-miR-593, hsa-miR-595, hsa-miR-300, hsa-miR-324-5p, hsa-miR-548a-5p, hsa-miR-329, hsa-miR-550, hsa-miR-886-5p, hsa-miR-603, hsa-miR-490-3p, hsa-miR-938, hsa-miR-149, hsa-miR-150, hsa-miR-1296, hsa-miR-384, hsa-miR-487a, hsa-miRPlus-C1089, hsa-miR-485-3p, hsa-miR-525-5p and combination thereof.Described method can be for assessment of prostate cancer.For example, the sample that described method can comprise prostate cancer for differentiation and the not sample with prostate cancer.In another embodiment again, described one or more biomarkers, for example, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 or 10 kind or more kinds of biomarker, be selected from miR-588, miR-1258, miR-16-2*, miR-938, miR-526b, miR-92b*, let-7d, miR-378*, miR-124, miR-376c, miR-26b, miR-1204, miR-574-3p, miR-195, miR-499-3p, miR-2110, miR-888 and combination thereof.For example, the sample that described method can comprise prostate cancer for differentiation and the sample with inflammatory prostatosis.The useful load that can be used as microcapsule bubble colony separates described one or more biomarkers.
In one embodiment, described one or more biomarkers, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 kind or more kinds of biomarker, be selected from 1et-7d, miR-148a, miR-195, miR-25, miR-26b, miR-329, miR-376c, miR-574-3p, miR-888, miR-9, miR1204, miR-16-2*, miR-497, miR-588, miR-614, miR-765, miR92b*, miR-938, let-7f-2*, miR-300, miR-523, miR-525-5p, miR-1182, miR-1244, miR-520d-3p, miR-379, let-7b, miR-125a-3p, miR-1296, miR-134, miR-149, miR-150, miR-187, miR-32, miR-324-3p, miR-324-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-378, miR-378*, miR-384, miR-451, miR-455-3p, miR-485-3p, miR-487a, miR-490-3p, miR-502-5p, miR-548a-5p, miR-550, miR-562, miR-593, miR-593*, miR-595, miR-602, miR-603, miR-654-5p, miR-877*, miR-886-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-140-3p, miR-192, miR-196a, miR-2110, miR-212, miR-222, miR-224*, miR-30b*, miR-499-3p, miR-505* and combination thereof.In another embodiment, described one or more biomarkers, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 kind or more kinds of biomarker, be selected from hsa-miR-451, hsa-miR-223, hsa-miR-593*, hsa-miR-1974, hsa-miR-486-5p, hsa-miR-19b, hsa-miR-320b, hsa-miR-92a, hsa-miR-21, hsa-miR-675*, hsa-miR-16, hsa-miR-876-5p, hsa-miR-144, hsa-miR-126, hsa-miR-137, hsa-miR-1913, hsa-miR-29b-1*, hsa-miR-15a, hsa-miR-93, hsa-miR-1266 and combination thereof.Described method can be for assessment of prostate cancer.For example, described method can comprise prostatic sample and the sample with prostate cancer not for distinguishing.The useful load that can be used as microcapsule bubble colony separates described one or more biomarkers.Described colony can comprise PCSA+ microcapsule bubble.In one embodiment, described colony is made up of PCSA+ microcapsule bubble.In one embodiment, separate PCSA+ vesica colony, and with described in herein or methods known in the art assess the microRNA in the vesica of separation.For example, compare the miR-1974 level raising in test sample with control sample (, non-cancer sample) and represent the prostate cancer in test specimens product.Similarly, for example, compare the existence that the miR-320b level reducing in test sample represents prostate cancer in test specimens product with control sample (, non-cancer sample).
Described one or more biomarkers can comprise EpCAM and MMP7.Described biomarker can separate from microcapsule bubble.In one embodiment, in sample (as blood or blood derivatives), detect EpCAM+/MMP7+ microcapsule bubble.In limiting examples, use described method herein, for example, use flow cytometry, identify EpCAM+/MMP7+ microcapsule bubble by EpCAM and MMP7 bonding agent.As described in, can use general vesica mark, for example, the mark in table 3, as four transmembrane proteins (comprising CD9, CD63 and/or CD81), carrys out the vesica in identification of organism sample by airflow classification.The level of EpCAM+/MMP7+ microcapsule bubble can be for characterizing cancers, as distinguished cancer sample and the normal specimens with cancer not.In one embodiment, compared with non-cancer control sample, in EpCAM+ vesica, lower MMP7 level represents the existence of cancer.Because EpCAM and MMP7 comprise cancer markers, technician will recognize that described method can be for assessment of the various cancers in sample.In one embodiment, described cancer comprises prostate cancer.
In another embodiment, described one or more biomarkers comprise transcription factor.Described transcription factor can be one or more in c-Myc, AEBP1, HNF4a, STAT3, EZH2, p53, MACC1, SPDEF, RUNX2 and YB-1, for example, and 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 or 10 kind.In another embodiment, described one or more biomarkers can also comprise kinases.Kinases can be one or more in AURKA and AURKB.Described method can be for assessment of prostate cancer.For example, the sample that described method can comprise prostate cancer for differentiation and the not sample with prostate cancer.The useful load that can be used as microcapsule bubble colony separates described one or more biomarkers.In one embodiment, the transcription factor raising in microcapsule bubble colony compared with normal control and/or kinases level represent the existence of cancer.Because these are cancer associated transcription factors, technician can assess any suitable cancer by described method by recognizing.In one embodiment, described cancer comprises prostate cancer or mammary cancer.
Described one or more biomarkers can comprise PCSA, Muc2 and Adam10.Can separate described mark from microcapsule bubble.In one embodiment, in sample (as blood or blood derivatives), detect PCSA+/Muc2+/Adam10+ microcapsule bubble.In limiting examples, use described method herein, for example, use flow cytometry, identify PCSA+/Muc2+/Adam10+ microcapsule bubble by PCSA, Muc2 and Adam10 bonding agent.As described in, can use general vesica mark, for example, the mark in table 3, as four transmembrane proteins (comprising CD9, CD63 and/or CD81), carrys out the vesica in identification of organism sample by airflow classification.The level of PCSA+/Muc2+/Adam10+ microcapsule bubble can be for characterizing cancers, as distinguished cancer sample and the normal specimens with cancer not.In one embodiment, the PCSA+/Muc2+/Adam10+ vesica level of rising represents the existence of cancer compared with non-cancer control sample.In one embodiment, described cancer comprises prostate cancer.
In one embodiment, described one or more biomarkers, for example, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 or 10 kind or more kinds of biomarker, be selected from alkaline phosphatase (AP), CD63, MyoD1, neuronspecific enolase, MAP1B, CNPase, statin, CD45RO, Heat shock protein 27, collagen protein II, ln B1/b1, Gail, CDw75, bcl-XL, ln-s, ferritin, CD21, ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF-6).In another embodiment, described one or more biomarkers, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 kind or more kinds of biomarker, be selected from CD56/NCAM-1, Heat shock protein 27/hsp27, CD45RO, MAP1B, MyoD1, CD45/T200/LCA, CD3 ζ, ln-s, bcl-XL, Rad18, Gail, thymidylate synthetase, alkaline phosphatase (AP), CD63, MMP-16/MT3-MMP, cyclin C, neuronspecific enolase, SIRP a1, ln B1/b1, amyloid beta (APP), SODD (silencer of death domain), CDC37, Gab-1, E2F-2, CD6, mastocyte Chymotrypsin, γ glutamyl cysteine synthetase (GCS) and combination thereof.Described one or more biomarkers can comprise protein.The useful load that can be used as microcapsule bubble colony separates described one or more biomarkers.Described method can be for assessment of prostate cancer.For example, the sample that described method can comprise prostate cancer for differentiation and the not control sample with prostate cancer.Control sample can be from the sample of disease state, non-malignant prostate condition not, can be maybe the sample that represents cancer or the related disorder of another kind of type, as mammary cancer, the cancer of the brain, lung cancer, colorectal carcinoma or colorectal adenomas.In one embodiment, alkaline phosphatase (AP) level raising compared with the control represents the existence of prostate cancer.Similarly, CD56 (NCAM) level raising compared with the control can represent the existence of prostate cancer.In one embodiment, the CD-3 ζ level raising compared with the control represents the existence of prostate cancer.In another embodiment, the Map1b level raising compared with the control can represent the existence of prostate cancer.On the contrary, the 14.3.3 of rising and/or filamin level can represent colorectal carcinoma rather than prostate cancer or other cancers or prostate gland imbalance.Similarly, the thrombospondin level of rising can represent colorectum or lung cancer rather than prostate cancer or other cancers or prostate gland imbalance.
In one embodiment, described one or more biomarkers comprise MMP7.Described one or more biomarkers can comprise protein.Surface antigen or useful load that described one or more biomarkers can be microcapsule bubble colonies.Described method can be for assessment of cancer.Technician can assess any suitable cancer by described method by recognizing, because MMP7 is known cancer markers.In one embodiment, described cancer comprises prostate cancer.
In one aspect, the invention provides the method for carrying out the identification of organism marking by evaluating biomarker mixture.In one aspect, described method comprises from biological sample and separates one or more nucleic acid-protein complexes; Determine existence or the level of one or more biological nucleic acid marks and one or more nucleic acid-protein complexes; And identify and comprise the existence of these one or more biological nucleic acid marks or the biological marking of level.In some embodiments, the described biological marking can also comprise existence or the level of other compositions of one or more protein or mixture.Can use disclosed herein or methods known in the art from biological sample isolating nucleic acid-protein complex.For example, can select by affinity, as by immunoprecipitation, column chromatography or flow cytometry, carry out isolated complex with the bonding agent of mixture composition.Bonding agent can be as described herein, for example, and the antibody of complex proteins matter composition or fit.In some embodiments, described method further comprises compares the biological marking with the biological marking of reference, and wherein this,, relatively for characterizing cancers, comprises cancer disclosed herein or known in the art.Can be from the experimenter who does not suffer from cancer with reference to the biological marking.Can also be from this experimenter with reference to the biological marking, for example, the sample obtaining from normal adjacent tissue or from another time point.The variety of way of characterizing cancers is disclosed herein.For example, characterizing cancers can comprise existence or the risk of identifying cancer in experimenter, or identifies that in experimenter, cancer is metastatic or invasive.Comparison step comprises determines the biological marking with respect to whether changing to some extent with reference to the biological marking, provides thus prognosis, diagnosis or the treatment diagnosis of cancer to characterize.Described biological sample comprises body fluid, includes but not limited to body fluid disclosed herein.For example, body fluid can comprise urine, blood or blood derivatives.
In one embodiment, nucleic acid-protein complex comprises one or more protein, for example, and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 kind or more kinds of albumen, it is selected from one or more Argonaute family members, Ago1, Ago2, Ago3, Ago4, GW182 (TNRC6A), TNRC6B, TNRC6C, HNRNPA2B1, HNRPAB, ILF2, NCL (paranuclein), NPM1 (nuclear phosphoprotein), RPL10A, RPL5, RPLP1, RPS12, RPS19, SNRPG, TROVE2, apolipoproteins, apolipoproteins A, apo A-I, apo A-II, apo A-IV, apo A-V, apolipoproteins B, apo B48, apo B100, apolipoproteins C, apo C-I, apo C-II, apo C-III, apo C-IV, apolipoproteins D (ApoD), apolipoprotein E (ApoE), apolipoproteins H (ApoH), apolipoproteins L, APOL1, APOL2, APOL3, APOL4, APOL5, APOL6, APOLD1 and combination thereof.For example, nucleic acid-protein complex can comprise one or more albumen that are selected from one or more Argonaute family members, Ago1, Ago2, Ago3, Ago4, GW182 (TNRC6A) and combination thereof.Nucleic acid-protein complex comprises one or more albumen that are selected from Ago2, apolipoproteins I, GW182 (TNRC6A) and combination thereof.
In multiple embodiments, one or more nucleic acid in nucleic acid-protein complex comprise one or more microRNAs.For example, described one or more microRNAs, for example, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,20,30,40,50 or more kinds of microRNA can be the microRNA in table 5.One or more microRNAs can comprise one or more microRNAs that are selected from miR-22, miR-16, miR-148a, miR-92a, miR-451, let7a and combination thereof, for example, and 1,2,3,4,5 or 6 kind of microRNA.Can evaluate one or more described microRNAs to characterize, for example, diagnosis, prognosis or treatment diagnosing cancer, include but not limited to prostate cancer.
In one embodiment, nucleic acid-protein complex comprises one or more protein that are selected from Ago2, apolipoproteins I, GW182 (TNRC6A) and combination thereof; And one or more microRNAs comprise that one or more are selected from the microRNA of miR-16 and miR-92a and combination thereof.In order to characterize prostate cancer, can evaluate one or more described microRNAs.
The present invention further provides the method for definite biological marking, comprised the nucleic acid detecting in target microcapsule bubble colony.Vesica colony can be whole colony or subpopulation in biological sample, as has the subpopulation of particular surface antigen.The method comprises that detection is from one or more protein biomarkers in the microcapsule bubble colony of biological sample; Existence or the level of one or more biological nucleic acid marks of the microcapsule bubble cluster correlation of determining and detect; Comprise the existence of one or more nucleic acid or the biological marking of level with evaluation.Technology for detection of microcapsule bubble colony, detection protein and evaluation nucleic acid can be disclosed herein or known in the art.For example, can be by selecting to separate microcapsule bubble for the affinity of one or more protein, and can be from the microcapsule bubble isolating nucleic acid of selecting.Can be by the level of one or more biological nucleic acid marks with respect to the level of one or more protein markers or the level standard of microcapsule bubble colony.In some embodiments, described method further comprises compares the biological marking with the biological marking of reference, and wherein this,, relatively for characterizing cancers, comprises cancer disclosed herein or known in the art.Can be from not cancered experimenter with reference to the biological marking.Can also be from this experimenter with reference to the biological marking, for example, the sample obtaining from normal adjacent tissue or from another time point.The variety of way of characterizing cancers is disclosed herein.For example, characterizing cancers can comprise existence or the risk of identifying cancer in experimenter, or identifies that in experimenter, cancer is metastatic or invasive.Comparison step comprises determines the biological marking with respect to whether changing to some extent with reference to the biological marking, provides thus prognosis, diagnosis or the treatment diagnosis of cancer to characterize.Described biological sample comprises body fluid, includes but not limited to body fluid disclosed herein.For example, body fluid can comprise urine, blood or blood derivatives.
Can comprise one or more biomarkers disclosed herein for detection of the protein of one or more protein biomarkers in microcapsule bubble colony, as disclosed in table 3-5 or 9-11.For example, described one or more protein can be selected from PCSA, Ago2, CD9 and combination thereof.For example, described one or more protein can be the whole of PCSA, Ago2, CD9, PCSA and Ago2, PCSA and CD9, Ago2 and CD9 or PCSA, Ago2 and CD9.Another kind of general vesica mark vesica mark as in table 3, for example four transmembrane proteins, as CD63 or CD81, can be replaced CD9 or use outside CD9.Many biomarkers like this can be for the identification of the microcapsule bubble colony with particular source.For example, PCSA can identify the vesica in prostate gland source, and CD9 identifies the vesica except cell debris.PCSA, PSMA, PSCA, KLK2 or PBP (PBP) can characterize prostate cancer as biomarker.
Described one or more biological nucleic acid marks can comprise one or more nucleic acid disclosed herein, as disclosed in table 5.In one embodiment, described one or more nucleic acid comprise one or more microRNAs.For example, described one or more microRNAs can be selected from 1,2,3,4,5 in miR-22, miR-16, miR-148a, miR-92a, miR-451 and let7a or 6 kind.In one embodiment, described one or more protein biomarkers comprise PCSA and Ago2; And described one or more biological nucleic acid marks comprise miR-22.In another embodiment, described one or more protein biomarkers comprise PCSA and/or CD9; And described one or more biological nucleic acid marks comprise miR-22.The method can be for characterizing cancers, as prostate cancer, for example, for distinguishing cancer sample and non-cancer sample.
In other embodiments, described one or more nucleic acid comprise mRNA.MRNA is evaluated in the useful load can be used as in microcapsule bubble.For example, described one or more biological nucleic acid marks comprise the messenger RNA(mRNA) (mRNA) that is selected from table 5.MRNA can also be selected from any in table 22-24.In some embodiments, described one or more protein biomarkers comprise PCSA; And described one or more biological nucleic acid marks comprise and are selected from the messenger RNA(mRNA) (mRNA) of table 22-24 in any.The method can be for characterizing cancers, as prostate cancer, for example, for distinguishing cancer sample and non-cancer sample.
Can be by the level of one or more biological nucleic acid marks the level standard with respect to one or more protein biomarkers.In one embodiment, the biological marking comprises the scoring of calculating from the ratio of the level of these one or more protein biomarkers and one or more biological nucleic acid marks.For example, can be by the level of nucleic acid the level divided by protein.
Can calculate described scoring from multiple proteins and multiple nucleic acids.In one embodiment, described one or more protein biomarkers comprise PCSA and PSMA, and one or more biological nucleic acid marks comprise miR-22 and let7a.The method is used for characterizing prostate cancer, for example, and for distinguishing prostate cancer sample and non-prostate cancer sample.Described scoring can be got following summation: a) in microcapsule bubble subpopulation the level of miR-22 useful load divided by the first multiple of the level of the PCSA protein relevant to microcapsule bubble subpopulation; B) in microcapsule bubble subpopulation the level of let7a useful load divided by the second multiple of the level of the PCSA protein relevant to microcapsule bubble subpopulation; Triple with the level of c) relevant to microcapsule bubble subpopulation psma protein matter.Can select first, second, and third multiple to maximize the ability of the method differentiation prostate cancer.For example, multiple can be approximately 0.0001,0.001,0.1,0.5,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,100,1000 or 10000.In one embodiment, the first multiple is that 10, the second multiples are 10, and triple is 1.Described scoring can be the average of this summation, as:
Scoring=average (10*miR22/PCSA MFI, 10*let-7a/PCSA MFI, PSMA MFI)
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that and calculate the monotonic transformation that this scoring can comprise summation.Can research and develop similar scoring equation for the other biological mark in other situations, as characterized other cancers with optional biomarker.
Be used for relatively suitable to sample by selection, the biological marking of identifying (for example can provide diagnostic result, normal or non-disease with reference to sample), prognosis (for example, for poor or good disease result, aggressive etc. with reference to sample) or diagnoses and treatment (for example, with reference to sample from the treatment response to selecting or the cohort of non-response).
Can comprise International Patent Application PCT/US2012/025741 that on February 17th, 2012 submits to for the other biomarker in method of the present invention; International Patent Application PCT/US2011/048327 that on August 18th, 2011 submits to; Those disclosed in the International Patent Application PCT/US2011/031479 submitting in International Patent Application PCT/US2011/026750 that on March 1st, 2011 submits to and on April 6th, 2011, each patent application is incorporated to by reference of text.
Gene fusion
One or more biomarkers of assessing of vesica can be genetic fusant.Fusion gene is by the heterozygous genes that independently gene is set up side by side before by two.This can or form by trans-splicing by chromosome translocation or inversion, deletion.The fusion gene of gained can cause abnormal time and the space expression of gene, for example, cause cell growth factor, angiogenesis factor, tumor promoter or contribute to the tumour conversion of cell and the unconventionality expression of the other factors that tumour generates.Described fusion gene can be carcinogenic due to following juxtaposition: 1) be adjacent to the strong promoter region of a gene of the coding region of other gene of cell growth factor, tumor promoter or the formation of promotion cancer, thereby cause the genetic expression improving; Or 2) due to the fusion of two heterogeneic coding regions, cause chimeric gene also to obtain thus having the chimeric protein of abnormal activity.
The example of fusion gene is BCR-ABL, characteristic molecule abnormality (Kurzrock etc., Annals of Internal Medicine2003 in its chronic lymphocytic leukemia that is～90% (CML) and acute leukemia subgroup; 138 (10): 819-830).BCR-ABL is because the transposition between karyomit(e) 9 and 22 causes.Described transposition is combined the 3 ' region of 5th ' district of BCR gene and ABL1, thereby obtain chimeric BCR-ABL1 gene, its coding has protein (Mittleman etc., the Nature Reviews Cancer2007 of the tyrosine kinase activity of constitutive activity; 7 (4): 233-245).Abnormal tyrosine kinase activity has caused cell signalling, Growth of Cells and cell survival, apoptosis resistance and the cytokine dependent/non-dependent of imbalance, all these causes leukemic pathologic, physiologic (Kurzrock etc., Annals of Internal Medicine2003; 138 (10): 819-830).
Another fusion gene is IGH-MYC, the symbolic characteristic (Oncologist2006 such as Ferry of its burkitt's lymphoma that is～80%; 11 (4): 375-83).The reason event that causes this result is the transposition between karyomit(e) 8 and 14, thereby makes the strong promoter of c-Myc oncogene and immunoglobulin heavy chain gene adjacent, causes c-myc to cross expression (Mittleman etc., Nature Reviews Cancer2007; 7 (4): 233-245).It is the critical event that lymphoma generates that c-myc resets, and this is because it causes lasting vegetative state.It is for have widely the effect (Oncologist2006 such as Ferry by the process of cell cycle, cytodifferentiation, apoptosis and cell adhesion; 11 (4): 375-83).
The multiple fusion gene taking place frequently has been included in Mittleman database (cgap.nci.nih.gov/Chromosomes/Mitelman), and can in vesica, assess, and can be for characterizing phenotype.Described genetic fusant can be for characterizing hematologic malignancies or epithelial tumor.For example can detect that TMPRSS2-ERG, TMPRSS2-ETV and SLC45A3-ELK4 merge and for characterizing prostate cancer; And can detect ETV6-NTRK3 and ODZ4-NRG1 for characterizing mammary cancer.
In addition the existence of assessment fusion gene or do not exist or expression level can for example, react to select treatment for diagnostics table type (cancer) and monitor therapy.For example, the existence of BCR-ABL fusion gene is not only for for diagnosing the feature of CML, and for being used for the treatment of the target of Novartis medicine imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) (it is receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors) of CML.The treatment of imatinib causes Molecular responses (disappearance of BCR-ABL+ hemocyte), and the progresson free survival improving in BCR-ABL+CML patient (Kantarjian etc., Clinical Cancer Research2007; 13 (4): 1089-1097).
For the existence of genetic fusant, do not exist or expression level is assessed vesica and can is by the existence for genetic fusant, not exist or expression level is assessed heterogeneous vesica colony.Or the vesica of assessing can be derived from specific cell type, for example cell source specificity vesica, as described above.The example that can assess the application of the syzygy that characterizes phenotype comprises those described in the international patent application series No.PCT/US2011/031479 that the denomination of invention of submission on April 6th, 2011 is " Circulating Biomarkers for Disease ", and this application is all incorporated herein by quoting.
Gene-correlation MiRNA biomarker
Those described in the serial No.PCT/US2011/031479 of international patent application that the known denomination of invention of using the illustrative example interacting with specific transcription product and can evaluate the miRNA biomarker that characterizes phenotype to comprise to submit on April 6th, 2011 is " Circulating Biomarkers for Disease ", are all incorporated herein this application by quoting.
Nucleic acid-protein compound bio mark
Have been found that the microRNA in human plasma is relevant with LDL mixture to circulation microcapsule bubble, Argonaute albumen and HDL.Referring to, for example, Arroyo etc., Argonaute2complexes carry a population of circulating microRNAs independent of vesicles in human plasma.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.2011.108:5003-08.Epub2011 March 7; Collino etc., Microvesicles derived from adult human bone marrow and tissue specific mesenchvmal stem cells shuttle selected pattern of miRNAs.PLOS One.20105 (7): e11803.The Argonaute protein family of protein disturbs in (RNAi) gene silencing and plays effect at RNA.Argonaute protein binding short rna, as microRNA (miRNA) or short interfering rna (siRNA), and suppresses the translation of its complementary mRNA.They also relate to transcriptional gene silencing (TGS), and the short rna that is wherein called anti-gene RNA or agRNA guides the inhibition of transcribing of complementary promoter region.Argonaute family member comprises that (" eukaryotic translation starts factor 2C to Argonaute1; 1 ", EIF2C1, AGO1), (" eukaryotic translation starts factor 2C to Argonaute2; 2 ", EIF2C2, AGO2), (" eukaryotic translation starts factor 2C to Argonaute3; 3 ", EIF2C3, AGO3) and Argonaute4 (" eukaryotic translation starts factor 2C, 4 ", EIF2C4, AGO4).Several Argonaute shaped bodies are identified.Argonaute2 is that RNA-induces the effect protein in reticent mixture (RISC), and wherein it plays effect in the reticent approach of microRNA hits the silence of messenger RNA(mRNA).
Protein G W182 is relevant to microcapsule bubble, and also has for example, ability in conjunction with everyone Argonaute albumen (, Ago1, Ago2, Ago3, Ago4) and relevant miRNA thereof.Referring to, for example, Gibbings etc., Multivesicular bodies associate with components of miRNA effector complexes and modulate miRNA activity, Nat Cell Biol200911:1143-1149.Epub2009 August 16; Lazzaretti etc., The C-terminal domains of human TNRC6A, TNRC6B, and TNRC6C silence bound transcripts independently of Argonaute proteins.RNA.200915:1059-66.Epub2009 April 21.GW182, it,, by TNRC6A gene (trinucleotide containing 6A repeats) coding, disturbs (RNAi) and microRNA approach to work in PTGS by RNA.TNRC6B and TNRC6C are also the members containing 6 trinucleotide repetitive families, and in gene silencing, play similar action.GW182 is to be called mRNA in the cytosome of GW-body or P-body relevant with Argonaute albumen.The miRNA-dependency that GW182 relates to translation suppresses, and the cutting for the siRNA-dependency Nucleotide inscribe of complementary mRNA by argonaute family protein.
In one aspect, the invention provides the method that characterizes phenotype, comprise analysis of nucleic acids-protein compound bio mark.As used in this article, nucleic acid-protein complex comprises at least one nucleic acid and at least one protein, and can comprise other compositions, as lipid.Nucleic acid-protein complex can be combined with vesica.In one embodiment, isolation of RNA-protein complex, and the level of the RNA of mensuration combination, be wherein used for characterizing phenotype by this level, for example, provides diagnosis, prognosis, treatment diagnosis or other phenotypes, as described herein.RNA can be microRNA.MicroRNA and vesica and protein bound are had been found that.In some cases, this combination can be avoided the degraded that RNA enzyme or other factors cause for the protection of miRNA.The content that can detect the various microRNA colony in sample, includes but not limited to, vesica the be correlated with miR of the relevant miR of miR, Ago, the relevant miR of cell source vesica, circulation A go-combination, miR and total miR content of circulation HDL combination.
Can be one or more Argonaute albumen for separating of the protein markers of mixture, or other protein relevant to Argonaute family member.These include but not limited to Argonaute albumin A go1, Ago2, Ago3, Ago4 and various shaped body thereof.Protein biomarker can be GW182 (TNRC6A), TNRC6B and/or TNRC6C.Protein biomarker can be the albumen relevant to P-body or GW-body, as SW182, argonaute, raise one's hat enzyme or RNA helicase.Referring to, for example, Kulkami etc., On track with P-bodies-Biochem Soc Trans2010,38:242-251.Protein biomarker can also be HNRNPA2B1 (allos nuclear ribonucleoprotein a2/b1), HNRPAB (allos nuclear ribonucleoprotein A/B), ILF2 (interleukin enhanser binding factor 2, 45kda), NCL (paranuclein), NPM1 (Nucleophosmin (nuclear phosphoprotein b23, numatrin)), RPL10A (ribosomal protein 110a), RPL5 (ribosomal protein 15), RPLP1 (ribosomal protein, greatly, p1), RPS12 (ribosomal protein s12), RPS19 (ribosomal protein s19), (micronuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide g) for SNRPG, TROVE2 (Trove structural domain family, member 2).Referring to Wang etc., Export of microRNAs and microRNA-protectiVe protein by mammalian cells.Nucleic Acids Res.38:7248-59.Epub2010 July 7.Protein biomarker can also be apolipoproteins, its be in conjunction with lipid (oil-soluble substance, as metabolism of lipid and cholesterol) to form the protein of lipoprotein, its by lipid by lymph and recycle system transhipment lipid.Referring to Vicker etc., MicroRNAs are transported in plasma and delivered to recipient cells by high-density lipoproteins, Nat Cell Biol201113:423-33, Epub2011 March 20.Apolipoproteins can be apolipoproteins A (comprising apo A-I, apo A-II and apo A-V), apolipoproteins B (comprising apo B48 and apo B100), apolipoproteins C (comprising apo C-I, apoC-II, apo C-III and apo C-IV), apolipoproteins D (ApoD), apolipoprotein E (Apo E), apolipoproteins H (ApoH) or its combination.Apolipoproteins can be apolipoproteins L, comprises APOLl, APOL2, APOL3, APOL4, APOL5, APOL6, APOLD1 or its combination.Apolipoproteins L (Apo L) belongs to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) family, and it plays keying action in cholesterol transport.Protein biomarker can be the composition of lipoprotein, as chylomicron, the unusual composition of low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and/or high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (HDL).In one embodiment, protein biomarker is the composition of LDL or HDL.This composition can be ApoE.Composition can be ApoA1.Protein biomarker can be general vesica mark, as other protein listed in four transmembrane proteins or table 3, includes but not limited to CD9, CD63 and/or CD81.Protein biomarker can be cancer markers, as EpCam, B7H3 and/or CD24.Protein biomarker can be tissue specificity biomarker, as prostate gland biomarker PSCA, PCSA and/or PSMA.The combination of these or other useful protein biomarker can be for separating of specific target mixture colony.
Can carry out isolating nucleic acid-protein complex by the bonding agent of one or more compositions with mixture.Be well known by persons skilled in the art and/or provide in this article for separating of the various technology of protein, include but not limited to affinity separation, immunocapture, immunoprecipitation and flow cytometry.Bonding agent can be any suitable bonding agent, comprise described those herein, as one or more bonding agents comprise nucleic acid, DNA molecular, RNA molecule, antibody, antibody fragment, fit, class peptide, zDNA, peptide nucleic acid(PNA) (PNA), lock nucleic acid (LNA), lectin, peptide, dendrimer, membrane protein labelling agent, chemical compound or its combination.In one embodiment, bonding agent comprises antibody, antibody coupling matter, antibody fragment and/or fit.For the additive method of the assess proteins-nucleic acid complexes that can use together with the present invention, can also be referring to Wang etc., Export of microRNAs and microRNA-protective protein by mammalian cells.Nucleic Acids Res.38:7248-59.Epub2010 July 7; Keene etc., RIP-Chip:the isolation and identification of mRNAs.microRNAs and protein components of ribonucleoprotein complexes from cell extracts.Nat Protoc20061:302-07; Hafner, Transcriptome-wide identification of RNA-binding protein and microRNA target sites by PAR-CLIP.Cell2010141:129-41.
The present invention further provides identify with the mixture of protein in the method for the miRNA that finds.In one embodiment, described above isolated protein-nucleic acid complexes colony.The miRNA content of assessment colony.The method can for example, for all types of target sample (, ill, not ill, respondent, non-respondent), and the miRNA content in sample can be compared to identify the miRNA of difference between sample.The method (array, pcr etc.) that detects miRNA is provided herein.According to method herein, the miRNA identifying can be for characterizing phenotype.For example, can be cancer and non-cancer plasma sample for the sample of finding.The compound miRNA of protein that distinguishes cancer and non-cancer sample can be identified, and difference miRNA can be evaluated to detect the cancer in plasma sample.
The present invention also provides by from removing non-effective load miR containing vesica sample, then assesses miR content in vesica and distinguish the method for the microRNA useful load in vesica.Can use the entity of RNA enzyme or other degraded miRNA from sample, to remove miR.In some embodiments, RNA enzyme process before, with agent treated sample to remove microRNA from protein complex.Described reagent can be the enzyme of degrade proteins, for example, proteolytic enzyme, as Proteinase K or trypsinase, or any other suitable enzyme.According to method herein, the microRNA part that the vesica dividing out by the miRNA in assessment and free miRNA or circulating protein matter mixture comprises, described method can be for characterizing phenotype.
Biomarker detects
According to disclosed herein, can be by detecting circulating biological mark, for example, the qualitatively or quantitatively detection of biological marking of the existence of microRNA, protein, vesica or other biomarker, level or concentration.Can use multiple technologies known to those of skill in the art to detect these biological marking compositions.For example, can pass through microarray analysis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (comprises the method for PCR-based, for example real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR/qPCR) etc.), hybridization with allele-specific probe, enzyme mutant detects, ligase chain reaction (LCR), oligonucleotide linking parsing (OLA), fluidic cell heteroduple analysis, the chemical chop of mispairing, mass spectrum, nucleic acid sequencing, single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP), denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), temperature gradient gel elec-trophoresis (TGGE) (TGGE), restrictive fragment length polymerphism, the serial analysis (SAGE) of genetic expression or their combine detection biomarker.The biomarker that can increase before detection, such as nucleic acid.Also can pass through immunoassay, immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, Enzyme Linked Immunoadsorbent Assay (ELISA, EIA), radioimmunoassay (RIA), flow cytometry or electron microscopy (EM) detection of biological mark.
According to as herein described, can use trapping agent and the detection agent detection of biological marking.Trapping agent can comprise antibody, fit or identification biomarker and can be used for catching other entity of described biomarker.Can comprise circulating biological mark by captive biomarker, as, protein, nucleic acid, lipid or biological composite in the solution of body fluid.Similarly, described trapping agent can be used for catching vesica.Detection agent can comprise other entity that antibody or identification biomarker and can be used for detect described biomarker vesica or identification vesica and can be used for detecting vesica.In some embodiments, described detection agent is labeled and marker is detected, and detects therefrom described biomarker or vesica.Described detection agent can be bonding agent, as antibody or fit.In other embodiments, described detection agent comprises small molecules, such as membrane protein labelling agent.For example, referring to, be disclosed in the membrane protein labelling agent in the U.S. Patent Publication No. US2005/0158708 of Alroy etc.In embodiments, describe according to the present invention separate or catch vesica, and by one or more membrane protein labelling agent for detection of described vesica.In many cases, the antigen of being identified by described trapping agent and detection agent or other vesica part are interchangeable.As a limiting examples, consider the vesica that there is in its surface cell source specific antigens and there is cancer specific antigen on its surface.In one case, described vesica can use for the antibody of described cell source specific antigens and catch (for example by by capture antibody mooring in substrate), and described vesica uses subsequently for the antibody of described cancer specific antigen and detects (for example, by using the fluorescent radiation that detects antibody described in fluorochrome label and detect described dyestuff transmitting).In another case, described vesica can use for the antibody of described cancer specific antigen and catch (for example, by described capture antibody is anchored in substrate), and described vesica uses subsequently for the antibody of described cell source specific antigens and detects (for example, by using the fluorescent radiation that detects antibody described in fluorochrome label and detect described dyestuff transmitting).
In some embodiments, trapping agent and detection agent are identified same biomarker.Can according to circumstances use this scheme.In one embodiment, described biomarker is enough to detect target vesica, for example, is enough to catch cell source specificity vesica.In other embodiments, described biomarker is multi-functional, as, there is cell source specificity and cancer specific characteristic.Described biomarker can be coordinated to use for other biomarker of catching and detecting with same.
A kind of method of detection of biological mark comprises as described above from biological sample purifying or separates heterogeneous vesica colony and carry out sandwich assay (sandwich assay).Can use trapping agent to catch the vesica in described colony.Described trapping agent can be capture antibody, such as primary antibody.Described capture antibody can be incorporated into substrate, for example array, hole or particle.Can use detection agent (such as detecting antibody) to detect and catch or the vesica of combination.For example, described detection antibody can be for the antigen of described vesica.Directly mark and the detection of described detection antibody.Or described detection agent can indirect labelling and detection, such as by the secondary antibody that can be connected with the enzyme of described detection agent reaction.Can add detection reagent or detection substrate, and detection reaction, for example, described in PCT publication number No.WO2009092386.In the illustrative example of described bonding agent in conjunction with Rab-5b and the combination of described detection agent or detection CD63 or cFLIP, described trapping agent can be that anti-Rab5b antibody and described detection agent can be anti-CD 63 or anti-cFLIP antibody therein.In some embodiments, described trapping agent is in conjunction with CD9, PSCA, TNFR, CD63, B7H3, MFG-E8, EpCam, Rab, CD81, STEAP, PCSA, PSMA or 5T4.For example, described trapping agent can be the antibody for CD9, PSCA, TNFR, CD63, B7H3, MFG-E8, EpCam, Rab, CD81, STEAP, PCSA, PSMA or 5T4.Described trapping agent can also be the antibody for MFG-E8, annexin V, tissue factor, DR3, STEAP, epha2, TMEM211, unc93A, A33, CD24, NGAL, EpCam, MUC17, TROP2 or TETS.Described detection agent can be combination or the reagent that detects CD63, CD9, CD81, B7H3 or EpCam, fit such as the detection antibody for CD63, CD9, CD81, B7H3 or EpCam.The various various combination tunables of trapping agent and/or detection agent use.In one embodiment, described trapping agent comprises PCSA, PSMA, B7H3 and optionally comprises EpCam, and described detection agent comprises one or more general vesica biomarkers, and for example four transmembrane proteins, such as CD9, CD63 and CD81.In another embodiment, described trapping agent comprises TMEM211 and CD24, and described detection agent comprises one or more four transmembrane proteins, such as CD9, CD63 and CD81.In another embodiment, described trapping agent comprises CD66 and EpCam, and described detection agent comprises one or more four transmembrane proteins, such as CD9, CD63 and CD81.Trapping agent and/or detection agent can be one or more the antigen comprising in CD9, Erb2, Erb4, CD81, Erb3, MUC16, CD63, DLL4, HLA-Drpe, B7H3, IFNAR, 5T4, PCSA, MICB, PSMA, MFG-E8, Muc1, PSA, Muc2, Unc93a, VEGFR2, EpCAM, VEGF A, TMPRSS2, RAGE*, PSCA, CD40, Muc17, IL-17-RA and CD80.For example, trapping agent and/or detection agent can be one or more in CD9, CD63, CD81, B7H3, PCSA, MFG-E8, MUC2, EpCam, RAGE and Muc17.These four transmembrane proteins and/or other the general vesica mark that improve quantity can improve described detection signal in some cases.Also can use sandwich method to detect protein or other circulating biological mark.The vesica of catching described in can collecting and for analyzing the useful load that wherein comprised, as mRNA, microRNA, DNA and soluble proteins.
In some embodiments, described trapping agent combination or target are in EpCam, B7H3, RAGE or CD24, and one or more biomarkers that detect on described vesica are CD9 and/or CD63.In one embodiment, described trapping agent combination or target are in EpCam, and one or more biomarkers that detect on described vesica are CD9, EpCam and/or CD81.Single trapping agent can be selected from CD9, PSCA, TNFR, CD63, B7H3, MFG-E8, EpCam, Rab, CD81, STEAP, PCSA, PSMA or 5T4.Described single trapping agent can also be the antibody for DR3, STEAP, epha2, TMEM211, unc93A, A33, CD24, NGAL, EpCam, MUC17, TROP2, MFG-E8, TF, annexin V or TETS.In some embodiments, described single trapping agent is selected from PCSA, PSMA, B7H3, CD81, CD9 and CD63.
In other embodiments, described trapping agent target is in PCSA, and one or more biomarkers that detect on the vesica of catching are B7H3 and/or PSMA.In other embodiments, described trapping agent target is in PSMA, and one or more biomarkers that detect on the vesica of catching are B7H3 and/or PCSA.In other embodiments, described trapping agent target is in B7H3, and one or more biomarkers that detect on the vesica of catching are PSMA and/or PCSA.In other embodiments again, described trapping agent target is in CD63, and one or more biomarkers that detect on the vesica of catching are CD81, CD83, CD9 and/or CD63.Different trapping agent disclosed herein and biomarker combinations can be used for characterizing phenotype, such as detection, diagnosis or prognosis disease, as cancer.In some embodiments, can use target in the detection of trapping agent and CD9 and the CD63 of EpCam; Use target in the detection of trapping agent and B7H3 and the PSMA of PCSA; Or analyze vesica with the trapping agent of CD63 and the detection of CD81, thereby characterize prostate cancer.In other embodiments, use target in the trapping agent of CD9 and the detection coupling of CD63, vesica to be used for characterizing colorectal carcinoma in the trapping agent of CD63 and the detection of CD63 or target.Technician should understand, and the target of trapping agent and detection agent is used interchangeably.In illustrative example, consider that target is in the trapping agent of PCSA and target in the detection agent of B7H3 and PSMA.Because whole these marks can be used for detecting the vesica in PCa source, can be by described trapping agent target in B7H3 or PSMA and can identify PCSA by detection agent.For example, in some embodiments, described detection agent target is in PCSA, and comprises B7H3 and/or PSMA for one or more biomarkers of catching described vesica.In other embodiments, described trapping agent target is in PSMA, and comprises B7H3 and/or PCSA for one or more biomarkers of catching described vesica.In other embodiments, described detection agent target is in B7H3, and comprises PSMA and/or PCSA for one or more biomarkers of catching described vesica.In some embodiments, the invention provides the method that detects prostate cancer cell for the trapping agent of PSMA, B7H3 and/or PCSA and/or detection agent in body fluid that uses.Described body fluid can comprise blood, and it comprises serum or blood plasma.Described body fluid can comprise ejaculation liquid or sperm.In other embodiments, the method that detects prostate cancer is further used trapping agent and/or the detection agent for CD81, CD83, CD9 and/or CD63.Described method also provides the method that characterizes GI imbalance, it comprises and uses one or more in DR3, STEAP, epha2, TMEM211, unc93A, A33, CD24, NGAL, EpCam, MUC17, TROP2 and TETS to catch vesica, and uses one or more general vesica antigens (such as CD81, CD63 and/or CD9) to detect the vesica of catching.Other reagent can improve test performance, as, improving test accuracy or AUC, it is by providing extra biological resolving power and/or testing noise by reduction and realize.
Comprise use planar substrates for the technology of detection of biological mark of the present invention, such as array (as biochip or microarray), it has and is fixed on described suprabasil molecule using the trapping agent as the auxiliary detection to the particular organisms marking.Described array can be used as a part for the test kit for analyzing one or more biomarkers or vesica and provides.The molecule that biomarker shown in Fig. 1 or the 3-60 of the international patent application series No.PCT/US2011/031479 (this application is incorporated to by reference of text) that is " Circulating Biomarkers for disease " to denomination of invention mentioned above and that on April 6th, 2011 submits to is identified can be included in for detection of with the array of diagnose the illness (comprise symptom before disease) in.In some embodiments, array comprises custom arrays, and it comprises through selecting to identify specifically the biomolecules of target organism mark.Can improve custom arrays to detect the biomarker that improves statistic property, as to multiple predictors (as, logistic regression, identification analysis or regression tree model) in produce the extra biomolecules that the biological marking of cross validation error rate that improves is identified.In some embodiments, build custom arrays and carried out somatotype with the biology of study of disease, situation or symptom and to the biological marking limiting under physiological status.Can be selected according to statistical standard for the mark that is included in described custom arrays, for example, in differentiation phenotype or physiological status, be there is the statistical significance of desired level.In some embodiments, the standard significance of selecting p value=0.05 is to get rid of or to be included in the biomolecules in described microarray.Described p value can be proofreaied and correct for multiple comparisons.As illustrative example, from from suffer from or the experimenter's of the disease that do not take a disease sample the nucleic acid that extracts can hybridize with high-density micro-array, described microarray is in conjunction with thousands of kinds of gene orders.And the nucleic acid or do not have between the sample of disease described in tool with remarkable different levels can be chosen as biomarker and whether have described disease to distinguish sample.Can build custom arrays to detect selecteed biomarker.In some embodiments, custom arrays comprises low density microarray, its refer to and there is lower quantity (as, tens of or hundreds of, but not thousands of kinds) the array of addressable bonding agent.Can in substrate, form low density array.In some embodiments, the low density array of customization uses the pcr amplification in plate well, as,
Figure BPA0000186429140001801
gene Expression Assays (Life Technologies Corporation, Carlsbad, the Applied Biosystems of CA).
The addressable locations (for example note (pad), address or microbit are put) that planar array comprises biomolecules with array format conventionally.The size of array should depend on formation and the end-use of described array.Can prepare and comprise the array of 2 kinds of different molecules to thousands of kinds of differing moleculars.Conventionally, described array comprises 2 kinds to 100,000 kinds of as many as or more kinds of molecule, and this depends on end-use and the manufacture method of described array.Comprise at least one biomolecules for microarray of the present invention, this Molecular Identification or catch the biomarker being present in the target organism marking, for example microRNA or form other biomolecules or the vesica of the described biological marking.In some arrays, multiple substrates with similar and different composition are used.Therefore, planar array can comprise multiple less substrates.
The present invention can use eurypalynous array with detection of biological mark, for example, and the biomarker relevant to the biological marking of object.Available array or microarray include but not limited to DNA microarray (such as cDNA microarray, oligonucleotide microarray and SNP microarray), microRNA array, protein microarray, Antibody microarray, micro-array tissue, cell microarray (being also called transfection microarray), chemical compound microarray and carbohydrate array (sugared array).These arrays are more at large being described above.In some embodiments, microarray comprises biochip, and it provides the high-density immobilization array of identification molecule (as antibody), wherein biomarker is incorporated into row indirect monitoring (as passed through fluorescence).Fig. 2 A shows illustrative configuration, wherein for the capture antibody mooring of target vesica antigen on surface.Use subsequently the vesica of catching for the detection antibody test of identical or different target vesica antigen.Under available and ideal situation, can use the described capture antibody of fit replacement of mooring.Show fluoroscopic examination agent.Can use similarly other detection agent, for example, zymetology is reacted, can be detected nano particle, radio-labeled etc.In other embodiments, array comprise participate in combine and the form of capture protein with the detection of being undertaken by mass spectrum (MS) by biological chemistry or molecular interaction.Can and can analyze its useful load from vesica described in surperficial wash-out, as microRNA.
The array or the microarray that can be used for one or more biomarkers of the detection of biological marking can be according to being described in U.S. Patent No. 6,329,209; 6,365,418; 6,406,921; Method preparation in 6,475,808 and 6,475,809 and U.S. Patent application series No.10/884,269, it is incorporated to herein separately in full by reference.Can use the method that is described in these patents for the preparation of the custom arrays of specific choosing group that detects biomarker as herein described.Commercially available microarray also can be used for implementing method of the present invention, it includes but not limited to (the Santa Clara from Affymetrix, CA), Illumina (San Diego, CA), Agilent (Santa Clara, CA), those microarraies of Exiqon (Denmark) or Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA).Custom arrays and/or commercialization array comprise the array for detecting as described herein protein, nucleic acid and other biomolecules and entity (as cell, vesica, virus).
In some embodiments, the molecule on array to be fixed on comprises protein or peptide.The protein of one or more types can be fixed from the teeth outwards.In specific embodiments, the sex change of protein minimized, make the activity change of protein minimize or make the minimized method of interaction and material between protein and its fixing surface to fix described protein.
Available array surface can be any required shape, form or size.The unrestricted example on surface comprises chip, continuous surface, curved surfaces, flexible surface, film, flat board, thin slice or pipe.Surface can have a square micron to about 500cm 2area.Area, length and the width on surface can change according to the demand of analysis to be performed.The factor that needs to consider can comprise the needing etc. of needs, depositing system (such as array instrument) of simplification, the restriction that forms surperficial material, the detection system of (for example) operation.
In specific embodiment, hope be to separate many groups or the combination island of multiple arrays or fixing biomolecules with physical means: this physical sepn contributes to different groups or array to be exposed to different target solution.Therefore, in specific embodiment, in the microwell plate in hole of array in thering is any amount.In such embodiments, the surperficial effect that forms array can be played in the end in described hole, or array can form and then be placed in hole on other surface.In specific embodiment, for example wherein use and do not have in the surperficial situation in hole, can form in conjunction with island or can by fixing molecule from the teeth outwards with liner on, it has steric hole so that they are corresponding to described island or biomolecules can be placed on surface.This liner is preferably hydraulic seal.Liner can be placed from the teeth outwards any time in the process of preparing array, and if be no longer essential to the isolation of group or array, can remove.
In some embodiments, fixing molecule can be in conjunction with one or more biomarkers or the vesica that exist in the biological sample contacting with fixed member.In some embodiments, described fixed member has been modified the molecule existing in one or more vesicas that are contacted with described fixed member, or is modified by this molecule.Contact to generally comprise with described sample described sample is covered on described array.
Can detect in solution or be fixed on modification or the combination of the molecule on array by detection technique known in the art.The example of these technology comprises immunological technique, for example competitive binding analysis and sandwich assay; The fluoroscopic examination that uses the device such as cofocal scanner, confocal microscope or the system based on CCD and the technology such as fluorescence, fluorescence polarization (FP), FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) (FRET), total internal reflection fluorescent (TIRF), fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) to carry out; Colorimetric/spectroscopic techniques; Surface plasma resonance (can measure the variation of the material mass of being adsorbed by surface by this technology); Use radioisotopic technology, comprise traditional isotropic substance combination and scintillation proximity assay (SPA); Mass spectrum, for example substance assistant laser desorpted/MALDI-MS (MALDI) and MALDI flight time (TOF) mass spectrum; Ellipsometry, it is for measuring the optical means of protein film thickness; QCM (Quartz Crystal Microbalance) (QCM), it is for measuring the extremely sensitive method that is adsorbed on lip-deep quality of materials; Scan-probe microscopy, for example atomic force microscopy method (AFM) and scanning forces microscopy (SEM); And detect such technology such as electrochemistry, resistance technique, acoustic technique, microwave and IR/Raman.For example, referring to Mere L etc., " Miniaturized FRET assays and microfluidics:key components for ultra-high-throughput screening, " Drug Discovery Today4 (8): 363-369 (1999) and the document of quoting thereof; Lakowicz J R, Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy, the 2nd edition, Plenum Press (1999) or Jain KK:Integrative Omics, Pharmacoproteomics, and Human Body Fluids.In:Thongboonkerd V edits, Proteomics of Human Body Fluids:Principles, Methods and Applications.Volume1:Totowa, N.J.:Humana Press, 2007, each document is all incorporated herein by reference in full.
Microarray technology can analyze with mass spectrum (MS) and other instrument combines.The interface of mass spectrographic electron spray(ES) can with microfluidic device in kapillary integrated.For example, a kind of commercially available system comprises eTag report thing, and it is the fluorescent marker with the electrophoretic mobility of uniqueness and good definition; Each marker by the key that can cut with the coupling of biological or chemical probe.The different mobility addressing of each eTag report thing makes the mixture of these markers can pass through capillary electrophoresis deconvolution and quantitative rapidly.This system can be carried out to same sample the analysis of genetic expression, protein expression and protein function simultaneously, Jain KK:Integrative Omics, Pharmacoproteomics, and Human Body Fluids.In:Thongboonkerd V edits, Proteomics of Human Body Fluids:Principles, Methods and Applications. the 1st volume: Totowa, N.J.:Humana Press, 2007, it is incorporated herein by reference in full.
Biochip can comprise the component for microfluid or nano-fluid analysis.Microfluidic device can be used for separating or analyzing biomarker, such as measuring the biological marking.Microfluid system allow to for separating of, catch or detect vesica, detect microRNA, detect one or more processes and other process microminiaturization and compartmentation in circulating biological mark, the detection of biological marking.Aspect at least one of described system, described microfluidic device can use one or more detection reagent, and this detection reagent can be for detection of one or more biomarkers.In one embodiment, described device detects the biomarker on vesica that separate or combination.Various probes, antibody, protein or other bonding agent can be used for detecting the biomarker in microfluid system.Described detection agent can be fixed in the different compartments of described microfluidic device or by each passage of described device and enter in hybridization or detection reaction.
Vesica in microfluidic device can be in described microfluidic device cracking its inclusion is detected, such as protein or nucleic acid, as DNA or RNA, such as miRNA or mRNA.Described nucleic acid can increase or direct-detection in described microfluidic device before detection.Therefore, microfluid system also can be used to the detection of various different markers to carry out Multiple detection.In one embodiment, in described microfluidic device, catch vesica, the vesica of catching is cleaved, and measures the biological marking from the microRNA of described vesica useful load.The described biological marking can further comprise the trapping agent for catching described vesica.
Novel nanofabrication technique has been opened the possibility of bio-sensing application (it depends on the processing of high-density, accurate array, the chip based on Nucleotide for example and be called in addition the protein array of heterogeneous nano-array).Nano-fluid allows the amount of fluid analysis thing in microchip to be further reduced to that to receive premium on currency flat, and chip used herein is called nano chips.(for example, referring to Unger M etc., Biotechniques1999; 27 (5): 1008-14, Kartalov EP etc., Biotechniques2006; 40 (1): 85-90, each document is incorporated herein by reference in full.) at present, commercially available nano chips provide simple single step analysis, for example total cholesterol, gross protein or glucose analysis, it can be by combining sample with reagent, mix and monitor reaction and move.The gel-free analytical procedure (Cutillas etc., Proteomics, 2005 that separate with nanometer LC based on liquid chromatography (LC); 5:101-112 and Cutillas etc., Mol Cell Proteomics2005; 4:1038-1051, each document is incorporated herein by reference in full) can be combined with nano chips.
Be applicable to identify that the array of disease, illness, symptom or physiological status can be included in test kit.Test kit can comprise, as limiting examples, one or more are for the preparation of being fixed in conjunction with the reagent of the molecule on the region of island or array, for detection of reagent and the working instructions of the combination of vesica and fixed member.
The device for fast detecting of the particular organisms marking contributing in detection of biological sample is further provided herein.Described device can be integrated in the preparation of biological sample and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on chip.Described device can contribute to the particular organisms marking of vesica in detection of biological sample, and the example is as Pipper etc., Angewandte Chemie, 47 (21), that p.3900-3904 in (2008), describes provides, and it is incorporated herein by reference in full.Can use the biological marking of introducing vesica for micro-/ nano electro-chemical systems (MEMS/NEMS) sensor of diagnostic use and oral fluid, as at Li etc., described in Adv Dent Res18 (1): 3-5 (2005), it is incorporated herein by reference in full.
As substituting of planar array, use the analysis (for example the mensuration based on pearl, as described herein) of particulate to be combined with flow cytometry.Can use multiparametric analysis or other high-throughout detection analysis (its used the pearl coating with cognate ligand and the reporter molecules with the given activity consistent with high sensitivity automatic technology).In the analytical system based on pearl, on addressable microballoon, be fixed for the bonding agent of biomarker or vesica, for example, such as trapping agent (capture antibody).For the various bonding agents of each single binding analysis can with dissimilar microballoon (, microballon) coupling, and analytical reaction occur on the surface of microballoon, for example Fig. 2 B is described.For the bonding agent of vesica can be and the capture antibody of pearl coupling.The dyeing microballoon with discrete fluorescence intensity loads their suitable bonding agent or capture probes independently.The not pearl on the same group of carrying different bonding agents can be gathered together as required, thereby form customization pearl array.Then, pearl array is hatched to analyze with described sample in single reaction vessel.Operable or through adapt to for the example of microfluidic device of the present invention include but not limited to described herein those.
Can use based on the reporting system of fluorescence and detect described biomarker and fixing capture molecules or the product formation (for example, referring to Fig. 2 A-B) of bonding agent.Described biomarker can be with the direct mark of fluorophore, or detects by the second fluorescently-labeled biomolecules of catching.Can in flow cytometer, measure the strength of signal derived from the biomarker of catching.First flow cytometer can identify each microballoon by its independent color coding.For example, the different pearls discrete fluorescence intensity that can dye, makes each pearl with varying strength have different bonding agents.Described pearl can be used at least 2 kinds of different markers or dyestuff to carry out mark or dyeing.In some embodiments, use at least 3,4,5,6,7,8,9 or 10 kind of different marker carry out mark to described pearl.In addition, there is marker or the dyestuff can also more than the pearl of a kind of marker or dyestuff with different ratios and composition.Described pearl can carry out external marking or dyeing, or can have primary fluorescence or signal tracer.
The amount of the biomarker of catching on each single pearl can be measured by the second color fluorescence of the target-specific to combination.This allows to be obtained by single sample the multiple quantitative of multiple target in same experiment.Microtitre ELISA process that can relative standard is sensitivity, reliability and accuracy relatively, or can be improved.The benefit of the system based on pearl is that catch biomolecules or bonding agent and the different independent couplings of microballoon of vesica provide multiplexing ability.For example, describe according to Fig. 2 C, 5 kinds of different to be detected (detecting by the antibody for antigen, for example CD63, CD9, CD81, B7H3 and EpCam) combination of biomarker and 20 kinds of biomarkers (catching vesica (using capture antibody, for example, for the antibody of CD9, PSCA, TNFR, CD63, B7H3, MFG-E8, EpCam, Rab, CD81, STEAP, PCSA, PSMA, 5T4 and/or CD24) for this mark) can obtain about 100 kinds of combinations to be detected.According to shown as " EpCam2 × ", " CD632 × " in Fig. 2 C, can be used for the detection of probe to various epi-positions for the Multiple Antibodies of single target.In another example, multiple analysis comprises that use is caught vesica for the bonding agent of CD24 and use detects the vesica of catching for the bonding agent of CD9, CD63 and/or CD81.Can use detection agent (such as antibody) to detect the vesica of catching.According to described herein, described detection reagent is mark directly or indirectly.
Can at least 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,25,50,75 or 100 kind of different biomarker carry out multiplexing.For example, can carry out with the particle of multiple difference mark the analysis of heterogeneous vesica colony.Can there is the particle of at least 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,25,30,40,50,75 or 100 species diversity marks.Described particle can external marking (for example using label), or their marks inherently.The particle of each difference mark can with the trapping agent coupling of vesica, for example bonding agent, thus catch vesica.Capable of choosing multiple trapping agent is to characterize target phenotype, and it comprises the trapping agent for general vesica biomarker, cell source specific biological mark and disease biomarker.Can detect by multiple bonding agent subsequently one or more biomarkers of the vesica of catching.Can carry out direct mark with auxiliary detection to described bonding agent.Or, can be by bonding agent described in the second reagent mark.For example, described bonding agent can be the antibody for the biomarker on described vesica.Described bonding agent is connected with vitamin H.The second pack contains the streptavidin being connected with report thing, and can be added into detect described biomarker.In some embodiments, can at least 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,25,50,75 or 100 kind of different biomarker analyze caught vesica.For example, multiple detection agent (, the detection of the multiple biomarker of the vesica of catching or vesica colony) can increase the signal of gained, allows the sensitivity, specificity that improve or these two, and uses the sample of small amount.For example, detect compared with mark (as unique identification thing) with using lesser amt, use to exceed the detection that a kind of general vesica mark carries out and can improve described signal.For describing, use and detect vesica for the bonding agent of the mark of two or three in CD9, CD63 and/or CD81 can improve described signal compared with any one detection of carrying out in described four transmembrane proteins of independent use.
Method based on immunoassay or sandwich assay also can be used for detecting the biomarker of vesica.An example comprises ELISA.Bonding agent or trapping agent can be combined with hole.For example, can be connected with hole for the antibody of vesica antigen.Can detect the biomarker on the vesica of catching according to method described herein.Fig. 2 A shows the explanatory view of sandwich-like immunoassay.Capture antibody can be for target vesica antigen, as vesica biomarker, cell source mark or disease marker.In the figure, use and detect the vesica of catching for the fluorescent-labeled antibody of target vesica antigen.Can use multiple capture antibody, as, in the location separably on array or the different holes of immunoassay plate, use.Described detection antibody can be for the identical antigen of described capture antibody, or can be for other mark.Described capture antibody can be replaced by the bonding agent substituting, such as the fit or lectin of mooring, and/or described detection antibody can be replaced similarly, for example, by detectable (as, mark) fit, lectin or other conjugated protein or entity replace.In one embodiment, for one or more trapping agents of general vesica biomarker, cell source mark and/or disease marker can with detection agent for general vesica biomarker (such as four transmembrane proteins, including but not limited to CD9, CD63 and one or more in CD81) together with use.
Fig. 2 D shows the explanatory view of the method according to this invention analysis vesica.Trapping agent is used for catching vesica, and detection agent is for detection of caught vesica, and described in catch and detect the level of antibody or exist for characterizing phenotype.Trapping agent, detection agent and sign phenotype can be as herein described any one.For example, trapping agent comprises that mooring is in suprabasil antibody or fit, its identification target vesica antigen, and detection agent comprises for the traget antibody of target vesica antigen or fit, and sign phenotype comprises diagnosis, prognosis or treatment diagnosis to disease., in the schematic diagram shown in i), use and catch vesica colony (6300) for one or more trapping agents of general vesica biomarker at Fig. 2 D.Use subsequently the vesica of catching for the detection agent (6301) of cell source biomarker and/or for detection agent (6302) mark of disease specific biomarker.If only use cell source detection agent (6301), can comprise described general vesica mark (6300) and described cell source biomarker (6301) for characterizing the biological marking of described phenotype (6303).If only use disease detection agent (6302), can comprise described general vesica mark (6300) and described disease biomarker (6302) for characterizing the biological marking of described phenotype (6303).Or, use detection agent to detect cell source biomarker (6301) and disease specific biomarker (6302).In this case, can comprise described general vesica mark (6300), described cell source biomarker (6301) and described disease biomarker (6302) for characterizing the biological marking of described phenotype (6403).Described biomarker combinations is through selecting to characterize target phenotype and can be selected from biomarker as herein described and phenotype.
At Fig. 2 D ii) shown in schematic diagram in, use catch vesica colony for one or more trapping agents of cell source biomarker (6310) and/or disease biomarker (6311).Use subsequently for the detection agent (6312) of general vesica biomarker and detect the vesica of catching.If only used cell source trapping agent (6310), can comprise described cell source biomarker (6310) and described general vesica mark (6312) for characterizing the biological marking (6313) of described phenotype.If only used disease biomarker trapping agent (6311), can comprise described disease biomarker (6311) and described general vesica biomarker (6312) for characterizing the biological marking (6313) of described phenotype.Or, be used to catch vesica for the trapping agent of one or more cell source biomarkers (6310) and one or more disease specific biomarkers (6311).In this case, can comprise described cell source biomarker (6310), described disease biomarker (6311) and described general vesica mark (6313) for characterizing the biological marking (6313) of described phenotype.Described biomarker combinations is through selecting to characterize target phenotype and can be selected from biomarker as herein described and phenotype.
Can analysis package containing the vesica useful load of biomarker to characterize phenotype.Useful load comprises biological entities, and it is included in vesica film.These entities include but not limited to nucleic acid (as mRNA, microRNA or DNA fragmentation); Protein (as soluble protein and embrane-associated protein); Carbohydrate; Lipid; Metabolite; And various small molecules, as hormone.Described useful load can be a part for cellular environment, and it is encapsulated in the time that vesica is formed at described cellular environment.In some embodiments of the present invention, except detecting vesica surface antigen, also analyzed described useful load.Can be according to the specific vesica colony that catches mentioned above, the useful load in the vesica caught subsequently can be used for characterizing phenotype.For example, can further be separated in the vesica of catching in substrate with assessment useful load wherein.Or, the vesica in sample is carried out detection and sorting and is not caught.Can further separate the vesica detecting by which with assessment useful load wherein.In one embodiment, by flow cytometry sorting vesica colony and analyzed the useful load in the vesica of institute's sorting.At Fig. 2 E iii) shown in schematic diagram in, use one or more cell source biomarkers (6320), disease biomarker (6321) and general vesica mark (6322) to catch and/or detect vesica colony (6320).Can also detect vesica with one or more vasculogenesis or immunomodulatory biomarker.Assess the useful load (6323) of the vesica separating.The biological marking detecting in described useful load can be used for characterizing phenotype (6324).In a limiting examples, can use for the antibody of one or more target vesica antigens and in the plasma sample from patient, analyze vesica colony.Described antibody can be mooring in substrate to separate the capture antibody of required vesica colony.Or, directly mark and by using flow cytometry to carry out sorting the vesica of institute's mark is separated of described antibody.The microRNA extracting from described separated vesica colony or existence or the level of mRNA can be used for the detection of biological marking.The described biological marking is subsequently for diagnosis, prognosis or the described patient for the treatment of diagnosis.
In other embodiments, in the situation that first not catching or detecting vesica subgroup, in vesica colony, analyze vesica useful load.For example, according to described herein, conventionally can use centrifugal, filtration, chromatogram or other technology from sample, to separate vesica.After this can analyze the useful load of separated vesica with the detection of biological marking and sign phenotype.At Fig. 2 E iv) shown in schematic diagram in, separated vesica colony (6330) and assessed the useful load (6331) of the vesica separating.The biological marking detecting in described useful load can be used for characterizing phenotype (6332).In limiting examples, use size exclusion from the plasma sample from patient, to separate vesica colony with membrane filtration.The microRNA extracting from described vesica colony or the existence of mRNA or level are for detection of the biological marking.The described biological marking is subsequently for diagnosis, prognosis or the described patient for the treatment of diagnosis.
Another is shown in Fig. 2 F v) for characterizing the illustrative approach of phenotype.Use the combination of cell source biomarker (6340) and disease biomarker (6341) to catch and detect one or more target vesicas.For example, can use cell source biomarker (6340) target acquisition vesica and use disease specific biomarker (6341) to detect.Similarly, can use disease specific biomarker (6341) target acquisition vesica and use cell source biomarker (6340) to detect.If suitable, can only use cell source biomarker (6340) or only use disease specific biomarker (6341) to catch and detect target vesica.In this case, (for example can use identical biomarker for catching and detecting, anti-EpCAM trapping agent and anti-EpCAM detection agent, or anti-PCSA trapping agent and anti-PCSA detection agent etc.), or from the different biomarkers of identical category (for example can use for catching and detecting, anti-EpCAM trapping agent and anti-B7H3 detection agent, or anti-PCSA trapping agent and anti-PSMA detection agent etc.).Can characterize phenotype by the vesica based on detected.Optionally, in order to characterize phenotype, the useful load (6342) in can evaluation objective vesica.
Characterize the combination that the method for phenotype can operation technique and come the vesica colony in evaluation objective sample.In one embodiment, sample is divided into each sample aliquot, and analyzes individually each sample aliquot.For example, measure the protein content of one or more sample aliquot, and measure the microRNA content of one or more other sample aliquot.Can conjugated protein content and microRNA content characterize phenotype.In another embodiment, separate targets vesica, and assessment useful load wherein.For example, can use the bonding agent of target surface mark, by affinity separate (as, fluidic cell immunoprecipitation, or other immunocapture technology) separate the vesica colony with given surface marker.Then can evaluate for biomarker the vesica of separation, as surperficial content or useful load.The biomarker Characteristics with the vesica of given surface marker can be for characterizing phenotype.As limiting examples, PCSA+ trapping agent can be for separating of prostate specific vesica colony.The level that can evaluate from PCSA+ vesica surface antigen, described antigen is as PCSA self, PSMA, B7H3 or EpCam.Can also evaluate the level of the useful load in PCSA+, for example, microRNA or mRNA content.Can from PCSA+ vesica colony, the combination of mark build the biological marking.
In one embodiment, the invention provides the method that separates microcapsule bubble colony and evaluate microRNA with the microcapsule bubble separating.Microcapsule bubble can be combined in microtitre plate well, and described hole has applied the bonding agent of general vesica biomarker, cell source vesica biomarker or disease specific vesica biomarker.As required, can detect the vesica in hole with one or more detection agents of general vesica biomarker, cell source vesica biomarker or disease specific vesica biomarker.Can be from comprising the microcapsule bubble isolation of RNA the hole of target vesica.Then detection resources is from microRNA or the miRNA content of microcapsule bubble.The existence of vesica mark and RNA mark or level can be for building the described biological marking herein.The biological marking can be for characterizing target phenotype.
In another embodiment, from biological sample, remove pollutent, and evaluate remaining vesica for surperficial content and/or useful load.For example, can build the post of the bonding agent of the contaminating protein matter, vesica or other entities that comprise in biological sample.Flow through thus thing by enrichment target circulation biomarker or circulation microcapsule bubble.In limiting examples, build post to remove the microcapsule bubble that is derived from hemocyte.Described post can be derived from the microcapsule bubble in the blood sample in non-hemocyte source for enrichment.Described enrichment scheme can be for removing protein aggregate, the nucleic acid etc. in solution.Technician is by recognizing that this enrichment can be used together with other vesicas that present or biomarker method herein, with assessment objective vesica or biomarker.In order to continue limiting examples, then can use affinity technology etc., by select to analyze the thing that flows through having exhausted from the vesica of hemocyte for the positive of target vesica.
Can analyze peptide or protein biomarker by mass spectrum or flow cytometry.Can carry out according to program well-known in the art the Proteomic analysis of vesica by immunocytochemical stain, Western trace, electrophoresis, SDS-PAGE, chromatogram, x radiocrystallography or other oroteins analytical technology.In other embodiments, can use Chromy etc., J Proteome Res, 2004; 2D difference gel electrophoresis or use Zhang etc. described in 3:1120-1127 (it is incorporated herein by reference in full), Mol Cell Proteomics, 2005; Liquid chromatography mass described in 4:144-155 (it is incorporated herein by reference in full) is analyzed the biological marking of protein of vesica.Vesica can carry out the protein somatotype based on active, and it is described in, for example, and Berger etc., Am J Pharmacogenomics, 2004; In 4:371-381, it is incorporated herein by reference in full.In other embodiments, vesica can use Pisitkun etc., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2004; Nano-spray liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry described in 101:13368-13373 carrys out somatotype, and it is incorporated herein by reference in full.In another embodiment, and vesica use tandem mass spectrum (MS) (for example liquid chromatography/MS/MS (LC-MS/MS) somatotype, it uses, for example, LTQ and LTQ-FT ion trap mass spectrometer.Can be according to Smalley etc., J Proteome Res, 2008; Described in 7:2088-2096, relatively spectrum counting is determined the identity of protein and is assessed relative amount, and it is incorporated herein by reference in full.
Can also identify the protein useful load in expression or the vesica of circulating protein matter biomarker.Rear one after separating of analyzing the specific vesica optionally carrying out for the trapping agent of target acquistion colony in use carries out.In one embodiment, use immunocytochemical stain to express with analysing protein.Described sample can be resuspended in damping fluid, uses cytocentrifuge centrifugal under 100 × g (for example) 3 minutes on viscosity slide, to prepare for immunocytochemical stain.Can be by cell centrifugation smear air-dry overnight, and be stored at-80 ℃ until dye.Then use serum-free closed reagent to fix and seal slide.Afterwards, described slide is hatched together with specific antibodies, thus the expression of detection target protein.In some embodiments, described vesica not purified before carrying out protein expressioning analysis, separate or concentrated.
The vesica useful load that comprises the biological marking can be identified by metabolite mark or the metabolite analyzed in described vesica.Described the method for various metabolite orientations, for example metabolite target is analyzed, metabolite somatotype or metabolite fingerprint, for example, referring to Denkert etc., and Molecular Cancer2008; 7:4598-4617, Ellis etc., Analyst2006; 8:875-885, Kuhn etc., Clinical Cancer Research2007; 24:7401-7406, Fiehn O., Comp Funct Genomics2001; 2:155-168, Fancy etc., Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom20 (15): 2271-80 (2006), Lindon etc., Pharm Res, 23 (6): 1075-88 (2006), Holmes etc., Anal Chem.2007 April 1; 79 (7): 2629-40.2007 electronic publishing on February 27, Erratum in:Anal Chem.2008 August 1; 80 (15): 6142-3, Stanley etc., Anal Biochem.2005 August 15; 343 (2): 195-202.,
Figure BPA0000186429140001901
deng, J Biol Chem.2003 November 14; 278 (46): 45915-23, each document is incorporated herein by reference in full.
Can pass through Jain KK:Integrative Omics, Pharmacoproteomics, and Human Body Fluids.In:Thongboonkerd V edits, Proteomics of Human Body Fluids:Principles, Methods and Applications.Volume1:Totowa, NJ.:Humana Press, the system described in 2007 is analyzed peptide, and it is incorporated herein by reference in full.This system can be created on the sensitive molecular fingerprint of the protein existing in body fluid and vesica.Commercial applications (comprising the use in the benchmark library of stable metabolites all in Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and human body, for example Paradigm Genetic ' s Human Metabolome Project) can be for determining the biological marking of metabolite.Can be included in U.S. Patent No. 6 for other method of analyzing metabolism spectrum, 683, method and apparatus described in 455 (Metabometrix), U.S. Patent Application Publication No. No.20070003965 and 20070004044 (Biocrates Life Science), each document is incorporated herein by reference in full.Other oroteins component type technology is at Kennedy, Toxicol Lett120:379-384 (2001), Berven etc., Curr Pharm Biotechnol7 (3): 147-58 (2006), Conrads etc., Expert Rev Proteomics2 (5): 693-703, Decramer etc., World J Urol25 (5): 457-65 (2007), Decramer etc., Mol Cell Proteomics7 (10): 1850-62 (2008), Decramer etc., Contrib Nephrol, 160:127-41 (2008), Diamandis, J Proteome Res5 (9): 2079-82 (2006), Immler etc., Proteomics6 (10): 2947-58 (2006), Khan etc., J Proteome Res5 (10): 2824-38 (2006), Kumar etc., Biomarkers11 (5): 385-405 (2006), Noble etc., Breast Cancer Res Treat104 (2): 191-6 (2007), Omenn, Dis Markers20 (3): 131-4 (2004), Powell etc., Expert Rev Proteomics3 (1): 63-74 (2006), Rai etc., Arch Pathol Lab Med, 126 (12): 1518-26 (2002), Ramstrom etc., Proteomics, 3 (2): 184-90 (2003), Tammen etc., Breast Cancer Res Treat, 79 (1): 83-93 (2003), Theodorescu etc., Lancet Oncol, 7 (3): 230-40 (2 () 06) or Zurbig etc., Electrophoresis, 27 (11): in 2111-25 (2006), describe to some extent.
For the analysis of mRNA, miRNA or other little RNA, can use for separating of any other known method of nucleic acid and separate total RNA, for example, in the method described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. No.2008132694, it is incorporated herein by reference in full.Described method includes but not limited to the test kit for implementing the RNA purifying based on film, and this test kit is commercially available.Conventionally, test kit can be for being carried out small-scale RNA preparation (30mg or still less) by cell and tissue, for carrying out medium-scale RNA preparation (250mg tissue) by cell and tissue, and for carried out extensive RNA preparation (1g at most) by cell and tissue.Also be available for other the commercially available test kit that effectively separates the total RNA that comprises little RNA.These methods can be used for isolating nucleic acid from vesica.
Or, can use U.S. Patent No. 7,267, the method described in 950 is carried out isolation of RNA, and it is incorporated herein by reference in full.U.S. Patent No. 7,267,950 have described by the method for extracting RNA in biosystem (cell, cell fragment, organoid, tissue, organ or organism), wherein the solution that comprises RNA is contacted with the combinable substrate of RNA, and by applying negative pressure by reclaiming RNA in described substrate.Or, can use in the method described in U.S. Patent application No.20050059024 (it has described the separation of small RNA molecular) and carry out isolation of RNA, it is incorporated herein by reference in full.Other method is described to some extent in U.S. Patent application No.20050208510,20050277121,20070238118, and it is all incorporated to herein with way of reference separately in full.
In one embodiment, can on the mRNA of the vesica by sample separation, carry out mrna expression analysis.In some embodiments, described vesica is the specific vesica of cell source.The expression pattern being produced by vesica can be indicated given morbid state, disease stage, the treatment dependency marking or physiological situation.
In one embodiment, obtain total RNA once separate, can synthesize cDNA, and carry out analyzing (for example Applied Biosystem ' s for the qRT-PCR of specific mRNA target according to the scheme of manufacturers analyze), or express microarray with the multiplexing expression mark collection of height of observation in an experiment.Comprise the amount of measuring the RNA being produced by gene (its can coded protein or peptide) for the method for setting up gene expression profile.This can complete by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR), competitive RT-PCR, real-time RT-PCR, differential RT-PCR, Northern engram analysis or other dependence test.Although can react to implement these described technology with independent PCR, complementary DNA (cDNA) or the complementary RNA (cRNA) that can also increase and be produced by mRNA, and by microarray, it is analyzed.
Can use any suitable technology (including but not limited to the analysis of the Northern marking, RT-PCR, qRT-PCR, in situ hybridization or microarray analysis) of the mrna expression level in detection of biological sample that is applicable to carry out the level of miRNA product in measure sample.For example, by using primer and the target cDNA of gene specific, qRT-PCR has realized the sensitive and quantitative miRNA that a small amount of target miRNA is carried out and has measured (by substance or multiple analysis), or can make platform be adapted to use 96 holes or 384 hole flat type to implement high-throughout measurement.For example, referring to Ross JS etc., Oncologist.2008May; 13 (5): 477-93, it is incorporated herein by reference in full.A large amount of different array configurations and be known to those skilled in the art for generation of the method for microarray, and be described in United States Patent (USP), such as: U.S. Patent No. 5,445,934; 5,532,128; 5,556,752; 5,242,974; 5,384,261; 5,405,783; 5,412,087; 5,424,186; 5,429,807; 5,436,327; 5,472,672; 5,527,681; 5,529,756; 5,545,531; 5,554,501; 5,561,071; 5,571,639; 5,593,839; 5,599,695; 5,624,711; 5,658,734 or 5,700,637, it is incorporated to herein in full with way of reference separately.Other method of miRNA somatotype is at Taylor etc., Gynecol Oncol.2008 July; 110 (1): 13-21, Gilad etc., PLoS ONE.2008 September 5; 3 (9): e3148, Lee etc., Annu Rev Pathol.2008 September 25 and Mitchell etc., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S is the moon 29 A.20087; 105 (30): 10513-8, Shen R etc., BMC Genomics.2004 December 14; 5 (1): 94, Mina L etc., Breast Cancer Res Treat.2007 June; 103 (2): 197-208, Zhang L etc., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S is on May 13, A.2008; 105 (19): 7004-9, Ross JS etc., Oncologist.2008 May; 13 (5): 477-93, Schetter AJ etc., JAMA.2008 January 30; 299 (4): 425-36, Staudt LM, N Engl J Med2003; 348:1777-85, Mulligan G etc., Blood.2007 April 15; 109 (8): 3177-88.2006 electronic publishing on December 21, McLendon R etc., Nature.2008 October 23; 455 (7216): 1061-8, and describe to some extent in U.S. Patent No. 5,538,848,5,723,591,5,876,930,6,030,787,6,258,569 and 5,804,375, each document is incorporated herein by reference in full.In some embodiments, microRNA group pattern is for synchronously inquiring after the expression of multiple miR.Exiqon mIRCURY LNA microRNA PCR system group (Exiqon, Inc., Woburn, MA) or from Applied Biosystem's
Figure BPA0000186429140001931
microRNA is analyzed and analytical system (Foster City, CA) can be used for these objects.
Microarray technology allows to measure steady-state mRNA or the miRNA level of thousands of transcripts or miRNA simultaneously, and for example, powerful for the identification of effect (outbreak to uncontrolled cell proliferation, blocking-up or regulation and control) is provided thus.Can use the two microarray technologies such as cDNA array and oligonucleotide arrays.The result of these analyses is generally measuring of the strength of signal that received by label probe, and wherein said label probe is for detection of the cDNA sequence from sample, the nucleic acid array hybridizing of known location on this sequence and described microarray.The intensity amount common and cDNA of described signal is proportional, therefore proportional with the amount of the mRNA expressing in described sample cell or miRNA.These type of a large amount of technology can be with available.Be found in the U.S. Patent No. 6 of Linsley etc. for the method for measuring genetic expression, 271,002, the U.S. Patent No. 6 of Friend etc., 218,122, the U.S. Patent No. 6,218 of Peck etc., 114 or the U.S. Patent No. 6 of Wang etc., 004,755, it is incorporated herein by reference separately in full.
Can carry out the analysis of expression level by contrasting these intensity.This ratio matrix that can test the expression intensity of gene in the expression intensity of gene in sample and control sample by generation carries out.Described control sample can be used as reference, and can use consideration age, other different references of race and sex.Different from can be for the different steps of different situations or disease and disease or situation and for determining curative effect.
For example, the genetic expression intensity that is derived from the mRNA of diseased tissue or miRNA (comprise and separate mRNA or miRNA from illing tissue) can compare with the expression intensity of the identical entity in same type healthy tissues (for example ill mammary tissue sample is to normal galactophore tissue's sample).The ratio of these expression intensities has indicated the multiple of genetic expression between described test sample and control sample to change.Or, for example, if vesica is not present in healthy tissues (mammary gland) under normal circumstances, as known in the art, can with absolute quantitation method define existing miRNA molecule quantity and without by be derived from healthy tissues vesica separate miRNA or mRNA.
Can also show in many ways gene expression profile.Conventional method be by original fluorescence intensity or ratio arranged in dendriform figure, wherein perpendicular list is shown test sample and is walked crosswise expression gene.Data are arranged to have the gene of similar express spectra adjacent one another are.Show the expression ratio of each gene with color.For example, ratio can be shown as the blue portion of spectrum lower than 1 (representing to lower), and ratio is greater than the color that 1 (representing to raise) can be shown as the red part of spectrum.Commercially available computer software programs can be for showing these data.
Be considered to the mRNA of differential expression or miRNA in ill patient with respect to without disease individuality can be express or express not enough.Crossing expression or expressing deficiency is relative term, refers to that the expression amount of finding mRNA or miRNA has detectable difference (in the part that exceeds influence of noise for the system of measuring) with respect to some baseline.In this case, described baseline is the measurement mRNA/miRNA expression of non-disease individuality.Target mRNA/miRNA in diseased cells was to express or express deficiency with respect to the baseline values that uses identical measuring method to obtain.With regard to this one side, the ill change that refers to physical state, this change meeting interrupts or disturbs the correct execution of body function in there is the not controlled propagation of cell, or has the potential possibility of disturbing the correct execution of human body function.When some aspect of individual genotype or phenotype and the generation of disease are when consistent, it is diagnosed as suffers from this disease.But, diagnose or the activity of prognosis comprises to the determining of disease/state issues, such as determining recurrence or the possibility shifting and treating monitoring.In treatment monitoring, determine that by contrast intragentic expression of for some time the expression of mRNA/miRNA says no and become or whether become the pattern more consistent with healthy tissues, thereby the effect of the given course for the treatment of is made to clinical judgment.
Change to distinguish according to the multiple of the intensity measurements of hybridization micro probe array and express and express not enough level.Be preferred for carrying out this differentiation 2 × difference, or be less than 0.05 p value.That is, mRNA/miRNA disease/recurrence to normal/non-recurrence cell in before differential expression, disease cell has been found to produce the intensity that is higher or lower than at least 2 times of described normal cells.Multiple difference is larger, and described gene is more preferred as the application of the instrument of diagnosis or prognosis.The expression level having for the selected mRNA/miRNA of express spectra of the present invention has been given birth to and the signal differentiable signal of normal or non-regulatory gene by having exceeded the volume production of the background signal that uses clinical trial instrument.
Statistical value can be for being distinguished the mRNA/miRNA of the mRNA/miRNA of regulation and control and non-regulation and control and noise credibly.Statistics test finds that mRNA/miRNA has the most significant difference between several samples group.Student ' s t verifies as the example of stable statistical test, and it can be for finding the significant difference between two groups.P value is lower, and gene is more credible at the evidence that does not demonstrate difference between on the same group.However, due to microarray one-shot measurement more than a kind of mRNA/miRNA, can implement tens thousand of times statistical test simultaneously.Given this, seldom may observe by accident little p value, and can use Sidak correction and random/schedule experiment to make the adjustment for this situation.There is the evidence of significant difference according to 0.05 the p value of being less than of t-check for gene.More believable evidence is to comprise that after the factor that Sidak proofreaies and correct, p value is less than 0.05.For the great amount of samples in each group, after random/schedule check, to be less than 0.05 be the credible evidence with significant difference to p value.
In one embodiment, can be by be obtained circulating biological marker expression data by the patient of statistically significant quantity; Thereby described data are carried out to linear discriminant analysis and obtain selected biomarker; And the expression level of weighting is applied to the selected biomarker with the discriminant function factor so that obtain can be as the predictive model of posterior probability score, form thus can diagnose, the method for posterior probability score that prognosis, treatment are relevant or the specific biological marking score of physiological status.In addition, other analysis tool also can for example, for answering identical problem, logistic regression and neural net method.
For example, below explanation can be for linear discriminant analysis:
Wherein
I (p si dthe interior included probe sets of)=bracket is take the logarithm of the intensity at 2 end of as.The discriminant function of the positive class of d (cp)=disease.D (C nthe discriminant function of)=disease-negative class.
P ( cPthe posteriority p value of the positive class of)=disease.
P ( cNthe posteriority p value of)=disease-negative class.
Multiple other well-known method of pattern recognition is available.Some examples are provided below with reference to document: weighted voting: Golub etc. (1999); SVMs: Su etc. (2001); And Ramaswamy etc. (2001); K is close to algorithm: Ramaswamy (2001); And relation conefficient: van ' t Veer etc. (2002), all documents are all incorporated herein by reference in full.
Can set up the biological marking set below further describing, make the combination of the biomarker in described set for the combination of the random selection of independent biomarker or biomarker, there is sensitivity and the specificity of improvement.In one embodiment, can reflect with multiple difference the sensitivity of biological marking set, for example, show by the transcript with respect to standard state in morbid state.Specificity can be reflected in the statistical measure that the dependency between signal and the target condition of transcript expression is carried out.For example, standard difference can be used as this tolerance.In consideration, one group of biomarker is included in biological marking set, the little standard difference in expression measurement is relevant to higher specificity.In addition, other measurement (for example relation conefficient) of variation also can be for this ability.
Can be the use of the observed value of absolute signal difference for another parameter of selecting mRNA/miRNA, wherein said mRNA/miRNA can produce the signal higher than non-regulation and control mRNA/miRNA or noise.The signal that the signal being produced by the mRNA/miRNA representation regulating and controlling and normal or non-regulatory gene (on absolute value basis) produce has at least 20% difference.More preferably, this mRNA/miRNA can produce the express spectra with the mRNA/miRNA of normal or non-regulation and control with at least 30% difference.
Can also be by be increased to detect and measure miRNA by biological sample, and can use in U.S. Patent No. 7,250,496, U. S. application publication number No.20070292878,20070042380 or 20050222399 and the reference wherein quoted described in method measure miRNA, it is incorporated to herein in full with way of reference separately.Can be as the U.S. Patent No. that is entitled as " METHODS FOR ASSESSING RNA PATTERNS " 7,888, the 035 assessment microRNA of authorizing on February 15th, 2011, this application is incorporated to herein in full by reference.
Can use various technology well known by persons skilled in the art by microRNA level standard.For example, can use 2 -Δ Δ CTthe relative quantification that method (Applied Biosystems User Bulletin N ° 2) is carried out miRNA expression.Can also be by the level of microRNA with respect to the stdn of house keeper's nucleic acid, as house keeper mRNA, microRNA or snoRNA.The more multi-method for stdn miRNA level that can use together with the present invention is further described in Vasilescu, MicroRNA fingerprints identify miR-150as a plasma prognostic marker in patients with sepsis.PLoS One.2009 October 12; 4 (10): e7405; And Peltier and Latham, Normalization of microRNA expression levels in quantitative RT-PCR assays:identification of suitable reference RNA targets in normal and cancerous human solid tissues.RNA.2008 May; 14 (5): 844-52.Epub2008 March 28; Every piece of reference is all incorporated herein by quoting.
Can in biological marking analysis, use peptide nucleic acid(PNA) (PNA), it is the new kind of nucleic acid analogue, and wherein phosphoric acid-sugared polynucleotide main chain is replaced by flexible false peptide polymer.PNA can be with high-affinity and specific hybrid in complementary RNA and DNA sequence dna and there is highly resistant for the degraded of nuclease and proteolytic enzyme.Peptide nucleic acid(PNA) (PNA) is the new kind of noticeable probe, and it has the cytogenetic application that human chromosomal is carried out quick in situ evaluation and detects copy number variation (CNV).Polychrome peptide nucleic acid(PNA)-fluorescence in situ hybridization (PNA-FISH) scheme has been described imbalance and the infectious diseases relevant for the identification of several people CNV.PNA can also be served as the instrument of molecular diagnosis for the radionuclide-PNA-peptide mosaic non-invasively measuring carinogenicity mRNA with cancer target.The method that uses PNA is at Pellestor F etc., Curr Pharm Des.2008; 14 (24): 2439-44, Tian X etc., Ann N Y Acad Sci.2005 November; 1059:106-44, Paulasova P and Pellestor F, Annales de G é n é tique, 47 (2004) 349-358, Stender H.Expert Rev Mol Diagn.2003 September; 3 (5): 649-55. summary, Vigneault etc., Nature Methods, has further description in 5 (9), 777-779 (2008), and each reference is all incorporated herein by reference in full.These methods can separate from vesica the genetic material obtaining for screening.In the time that the specific vesica of cell source is applied to these technology, they can be for the identification of the given molecular signal directly related with cell source.
Can carry out mutation analysis to mRNA and DNA (comprising those that identified by vesica).For the target in RNA source or the mutation analysis of biomarker, described RNA (mRNA, miRNA or other RNA) can be reversed record to be become cDNA and checks order subsequently or analyze, check order and measure such as the SNP for known (for example, by Taqman snp analysis) or single nucleotide mutation, thereby and observing and insert or delete and determine the sudden change existing in described cell source with order-checking.The probe amplification (MLPA) of multiple join dependency can be alternatively for identifying the object of CNV in little specific target areas.For example, once obtain total RNA by the colorectal carcinoma specificity vesica separating, can synthesize cDNA, and the Auele Specific Primer of the exon 2 of KRAS gene and 3 this two exons of codon 12,13 and 61 that can comprise KRAS gene for amplification.Can be for Big Dye Terminator sequential analysis on ABI3730 for the same primers of pcr amplification, thus the sudden change in the exon 2 and 3 of KRAS identified.Sudden change in known these codons is given medicine as the resistance of Cetuximab and Victibix.The method of implementing mutation analysis is at Maheswaran S etc., July 2 (10.1056/NEJMoa0800668) in 2008 and Orita, M etc., PNAS1989, (86): in 2766-70, describe to some extent, each document is all incorporated herein by reference in full.
Other method of implementing mutation analysis comprises miRNA order-checking.The application of evaluation and miRNA somatotype can and be used capillary DNA order-checking or " next generation " sequencing technologies to implement by clone technology.The miRNA that current available novel sequencing technologies allows to identify low abundance miRNA or show moderate differential expression between sample, it may be by the method based on hybridization not be detected.These new sequencing technologies are included in Nakano etc. 2006, Nucleic Acids Res.2006; 34:D731-D735.doi:10.1093/nar/gkj077 described in extensive parallel signature order-checking (MPSS) method, Margulies etc. 2005, Nature.2005; The Nat.Genet.2006b such as Roche/454 platform or Berezikov described in 437:376-380; Illumina order-checking platform described in 38:1375-1377, each document is all incorporated herein by reference in full.
Measure the biological marking for determining that other method of the biological marking comprises by allele-specific PCR (it comprises that specific primer is for increase and distinguish two allelotrope of gene simultaneously), single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) (its fine difference relating to based on sequence carries out electrophoretic separation to strand Nucleotide) and DNA and RNA is fit.DNA and RNA are fit is short oligonucleotide sequence, this sequence can be according to its affinity with height in conjunction with the ability of specific molecular by with selecting in hangar.Use fit method at Ulrich H etc., Comb Chem High Throughput Screen.2006 September; 9 (8): 619-32, Ferreira CS etc., Anal Bioanal Chem.2008 February; 390 (4): 1039-50, Ferreira CS etc., Tumour Biol.2006; 27 (6): in 289-301, describe to some extent, each document is all incorporated herein by reference in full.
Can also use fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technology to carry out detection of biological mark.The method that detects and locate specific dna sequence, locates specific mRNA in tissue sample or identify chromosome abnormalty with FISH is at Shaffer DR etc., Clin Cancer Res.2007 April 1; 13 (7): 2023-9, Cappuzo F etc., Journal of Thoracic Oncology, the 2nd volume, the 5th phase, in May, 2007, Moroni M etc., Lancet Oncol.2005 May; 6 (5): in 279-86, describe to some extent, each document is all incorporated herein by reference in full.
In Fig. 2 E, provide the explanatory view of analyzing vesica colony for its useful load.In one embodiment, method of the present invention comprises sign phenotype, and thereby it characterizes described phenotype (6332) by catching vesica (6330) and measuring the level (6331) of the microRNA material that wherein comprised complete.
The biological marking that comprises circulating biological mark or vesica can comprise the bonding agent for it.Described bonding agent can be DNA, RNA, fit, monoclonal antibody, polyclonal antibody, Fab, Fab ', single-chain antibody, synthetic antibody, fit (DNA/RNA), class peptide, zDNA, peptide nucleic acid(PNA) (PNA), lock nucleic acid (LNA), lectin, synthetic or naturally occurring chemical compound (including but not limited to medicine and labelled reagent).
According to mentioned above, bonding agent can be by combining with the component of vesica for separating of or detect described vesica.Described bonding agent can be for detection of vesica, for example, detect the specific vesica of cell source.One or more bonding agents himself can form bonding agent spectrum, and it provides the biological marking of vesica.For example, if use 2 kinds, 3 kinds, 4 kinds or more kinds of bonding agent to detect or separate vesica colony at the vesica Difference test of heterogeneous vesica colony or in separating, provide the biological marking of described specific vesica colony for the particular combination agent spectrum of described vesica colony.
As illustrative example, can use one or more bonding agents to detect the vesica for characterizing cancers, described bonding agent includes but not limited to PSA, PSMA, PCSA, PSCA, B7H3, EpCam, TMPRSS2, mAB5D4, XPSM-A9, XPSM-A10, Gal-3, CD62L, half lactadherin-1 or E4 (IgG2a κ), or their any combination.
Described bonding agent can also be for general vesica biomarker, such as " house keeping protein " or antigen.Described biomarker can be CD9, CD63 or CD81.For example, described bonding agent can be the antibody for CD9, CD63 or CD81.Described bonding agent can also be for other oroteins, such as tissue specificity or cancer specific vesica.Described bonding agent can be for PCSA, PSMA, EpCam, B7H3 or STEAP.Described bonding agent can be for DR3, STEAP, epha2, TMEM211, MFG-E8, annexin V, TF, unc93A, A33, CD24, NGAL, EpCam, MUC17, TROP2 or TETS.For example, described bonding agent can be for the antibody of PCSA, PSMA, EpCam, B7H3, DR3, STEAP, epha2, TMEM211, MFG-E8, annexin V, TF, unc93A, A33, CD24, NGAL, EpCam, MUC17, TROP2 or TETS or fit.
Conventionally, various protein not on average or is equably distributed on vesica shell.The specific protein of vesica is conventionally more common, and the protein of cancer specific is more rare.In some embodiments, catching of vesica uses the more common lower protein of cancer specific to complete, such as one or more house keeping proteins or antigen or general vesica antigen (as four transmembrane proteins), and use one or more cancer specific biomarkers and/or one or more cell source specific biological marks at detecting stage.In another embodiment, use one or more cancer specific biomarkers and/or one or more cell source specific biological marks to catch, and use one or more house keeping proteins or antigen or general vesica antigen (as four transmembrane proteins) to detect.In embodiments, use identical biomarker for catching with detecting.Can use the different bonding agents for identical biomarker, such as the antibody of the different epi-positions of conjugated antigen or fit.
By any ordinary method known in the art or according to described herein, can identify other the Cell binding companion body or bonding agent, and it can be used as diagnosis, prognosis and treatment Research of predicting markers in addition.For example, can detect vesica with one or more listed bonding agents in table 3,4 or 5 herein.For example, bonding agent also can be for general vesica biomarker, as " house keeping protein " or antigen.General vesica biomarker can be CD9, CD63 or CD81, or other biological mark in table 3.Bonding agent also can be for other protein, as for cell source specificity or cancer specific vesica.As limiting examples, in the situation of prostate cancer, bonding agent can be for PCSA, PSMA, EpCam, B7H3, RAGE or STEAP.Bonding agent can be for the biomarker in table 4-5.For example, bonding agent can be for the antibody of the other biological mark of PCSA, PSMA, EpCam, B7H3, RAGE, STEAP or table 4-5 or fit.
Range protein can not be evenly or to be equably distributed on vesica surface.For example, vesica specific protein is conventionally more common, and cancer specific protein is not too common.In some embodiments, use protein more common, lower cancer specific, as house keeping protein or antigen, complete catching of vesica, and by cancer specific protein for detection of in the stage.According to the sensitivity of detection system, also can use contrary method, wherein use for the bonding agent of general vesica mark and catch large vesica colony, then use the specific detection agent of target subpopulation is detected to cell-specific vesica.
In addition, by any ordinary method known in the art or according to described herein, can identify other the Cell binding companion body or bonding agent, and it can be used as diagnosis, prognosis and treatment Research of predicting markers in addition.
MicroRNA functional trial
As mentioned above, in the blood that microRNA can be found to wrap up in as microcapsule bubble at body fluid, circulate in the composition of HDL and LDL particle and nucleoprotein complex (RNP).Can with techniques available as described in this article or the microRNA that detects known in the art, described technology includes but not limited to RT-qPCR or order-checking of future generation.But the microRNA of biological activity state for example, by one or more Argonaute (" Ago ") albumen (, Ago1, Ago2, Ago3 or Ago4) combination activation.One aspect of the present invention relates to the composition of the functionally active of target microRNA and the method in detection of biological sample of making it possible in single reaction.For the summary of Ago protein family, referring to, Hock and Meister, Genome Biology, 2008,9:210.
More particularly, use substrate, synthetic RNA molecule, mark and RISC (the reticent mixture of RNA-induction) reaction buffer composition and one or more optional Ago albumen that separate to evaluate one or more biological nucleic acid marks (for example, microRNA).Can include but not limited to planar substrates, microballon, post etc. for the example of the substrate in the present invention, by direct or indirect connection, the first fragment of synthetic RNA molecule (for example, 3 ' or 5 ' holding) be tied in described substrate.Such substrate is open or known in the art in this article.Can connect by methods known in the art, for example, the coupling of amino-carboxyl, as at Wittebolle etc., Optimisation of the amino-carboxy coupling of o1igonucleotides to beads used in liquid arrays, described in J Chem Tech Biotech81:476-480 (2006); Such technology is that those of ordinary skills are easily known.
Another part of other synthetic RNA molecule, for example, relative 3 ' or 5 ' end, directly or indirectly linkage flag or can detection molecules.Mark is any molecule that can detect, and such mark or can detection molecules be known in the art, and includes but not limited to: fluorescent mark, radio-labeling or enzyme labelling.Other examples of such mark are open hereinbefore.Tie between part and mark part in substrate, synthetic RNA molecule comprises fragment or the part with the complementation of target microRNA.According to required, complementary fragment can be preferably and the complementation of target microRNA, that is, and and 100% complementation.Can operate the combination degree between complementary fragment and target microRNA, for example, identify for example family of target microRNA to allow identifying a kind of specific target microRNA or to allow to mix.Method for operation is like this open or as known in the art in this article, and for example, base-pair mismatch, or test conditions, as temperature or salt concn.For example, complementary fragment can be carried the mispairing with target microRNA, for example, make complementary fragment and at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or at least 99% complementation of target microRNA.The method comprise by mark and the synthetic RNA molecule tying with comprise or suspect that the sample that comprises target microRNA contacts.If target microRNA is present in sample, and also in conjunction with Ago albumen, Ago-microRNA can be combined with synthetic RNA molecule by the base pairing between target microRNA and complementary region.Being combined with like this helps synthetic RNA molecule by the inscribe Nucleotide mitotic activity cutting of Ago albumen.This cutting discharges the mark of synthetic RNA molecule from substrate.Detect before the sample that can comprise target microRNA in contact and afterwards the amount of the mark of being combined with substrate.In the difference indication input sample of any such labelled amount, Ago-is in conjunction with the amount of target microRNA.
Useful reaction conditions and buffer reagent for this test are known in the art.React room temperature, 25 ℃, 30 ℃, 37 ℃ or at up to 42 ℃-45 ℃, lasting 5min is to any time of spending the night, and this depends on assay sensitivity and target abundance.For example, reaction can be carried out 1-2h at 37 ℃.Referring to, for example, Brown etc., Target accessibility dictates the potency of human RISC.Nature Structural & Molecular Biology12,469-470 (2005); Robb etc., Specific and potent RNAi in the nucleus of human cells.Nature Structural & Molecular Biology12,133-137 (2005); Lima etc., Binding and Cleavage Specificities of Human Argonaute2.J.Biol.Chem.2009284:26017-26028.
The exemplary of test is shown in Figure 26.As shown in Figure 26 A, synthetic RNA molecule contains 3 ' joint/extension region 262, center miRNA target area the 263 and the 25 ' joint/elongated area 264.RNA is connected in to substrate on 3 ' end 262, in this case microballon 261, and by 5 ' end 264 and vitamin H 266 couplings.Center miRNA target area 263 is designed to and the complementation of target miRNA sequence.Region 263 can with the complementation of any target microRNA.In the example shown in Figure 26, streptavidin-PE (phycoerythrin) 265 is for the vitamin H end of the synthetic RNA of mark.As described, can use other tagging schemes.For example, 5 ' end 264 can use Cy3, Cy5 disclosed herein or known in the art other can the direct mark in test section.As another example, 5 ' end 264 can be by carrying out indirect labelling with another complementary oligonucleotide base pairing of mark.If target microRNA is present in sample, and with in sample (for example, any in Ago1-4) Ago protein 26 7 or add Ago protein 26 7 wherein (as restructuring Ago2 (rAgo2)) in conjunction with/be connected, target microRNA is in connection with complementary microRNA target area 263, and the inscribe Nucleotide mitotic activity that passes through subsequently Argonaute is at the synthetic RNA of region 263 places cutting.Referring to the step 268 in Figure 26.Once cutting, the mark end (in this case 5 ' end) of synthetic RNA molecule is released, and thus vitamin H/streptavidin-PE mixture 265-266 is separated with microballon 261.Referring to Figure 26 B.Then, substrate microballon can be separated and washs to remove cutting and the end that do not tie of RNA, only stay thus retain material uncut and still mark and any cutting but present unlabelled RNA.After this washing step, the difference of PE signal is relevant with activity in conjunction with the concentration of target microRNA 267 to the Ago-existing in initial trial.In input sample, the amount of the target microRNA of Ago-combination has determined the level of the RNA of cutting.For example, if target microRNA does not exist, or exist but not with functional form in conjunction with Ago, synthetic RNA target region 263 will keep not cutting, and strength of signal will can not change.
Can use this experimental test any suitable RNA source and/or be pre-loaded into the RNA in Argonaute.For example, input sample can be the microcapsule bubble of cell lysates, body fluid, blood part (it can contain circulation A rgonaute, as the Ago2 in conjunction with miRNA), blood plasma, serum or separation.In some embodiments, the Argonaute from sample immunoprecipitation is originated with the input of the RNP mixture that acts on this test.If there is target microRNA, and load in the Argonaute in above-mentioned any source, synthetic target 263 is cut, and release mark (for example, the vitamin H-streptavidin-PE265-266 in the example of Figure 26).
Figure 26 C-E schematically illustrates can be as the various sources of the RNA of the input of this test.Figure 26 C has illustrated and has been incorporated into Ago protein 26 9 to form the microRNA 268 of Yeast Nucleic Acid mixture 267.Ago albumen can be Ago1, Ago2, Ago3 or Ago4.Figure 26 D has illustrated the bonding agent 2610 immunoprecipitation Argonaute-microRNA mixtures 267 that use Ago.Bonding agent can be specific for specific Argonaute, for example, and for the antibody of Ago2 or fit.In other embodiments, bonding agent identification exceedes a kind of Ago family member, for example, and Ago1-4.In other embodiment again, bonding agent can be indirectly in conjunction with one or more Ago albumen.For example, can be the antibody of GW182 albumen or fit for the bonding agent of immunoprecipitation, itself and Ago albumen form mixture.Figure 26 E has illustrated the direct analysis of Argonaute-microRNA mixture 267, for example, and from the microcapsule bubble of cytolysis thing, body fluid or dissolving.
Or analytical test input can comprise the RNA from the sample source of combination, then it contact Ago albumen, as the Ago of purifying, comprises restructuring Ago (rAgo).By this way, can be from any suitable source isolation of RNA, described source includes but not limited to cytolysis thing, body fluid, blood plasma, concentrated blood plasma, microcapsule bubble or HDL and LDL particle.Once separate, Ago albumen, for example, restructuring Argonaute2, can be for the little RNA in conjunction with existing in sample.The RNA of Ago combination can be as the input of analytical test.
As mentioned above, the Part III of synthetic RNA molecule is carried out to mark, and therefore the cutting of complementary fragment allows to remove mark from substrate.The amount of the mark of therefore, removing from matrix is corresponding to the quantity of cutting event.To recognize, detect the optional method of cutting event within the scope of the invention.In one embodiment, after allowing cleavage reaction to occur, mark is added in reaction mixture.According to above example, after cleavage reaction carries out, add streptavidin-PE265.In another example, the Part III of synthetic RNA molecule does not have mark.On the contrary, observe cutting event by detecting the amount through cutting synthetic RNA molecule retaining on the rear pillar of cleavage reaction generation.
Can and detect afterwards the mark level discharging from substrate and compare before dissociative reaction occur.Or, can use described method to observe the kinetics of cleavage reaction.In one embodiment, detect in real time the level of the mark discharging from substrate, disclose thus the kinetics of cleavage reaction.
Use microRNA functional trial, can use in fact containing the synthetic RNA of the miRNA target area of mating and screen any microRNA.Can carry out this test with substance or multiple mode with being connected in the multiple synthetic target that can distinguish microballon.
In one embodiment, being used for the treatment of property of miR analytical system RNAi molecule is sent with binding mode and confirmed.At this, RNAi molecular system is sent or is delivered to suitable cell type, tissue or other anatomical area in target mode.Can analyze target tissue to confirm to send and confirm RNAi therapeutic action pattern.For example, can detect the existence of the therapeutic RNAi of destination organization place molecule by the phenotype result that knocks out direct driving by mRNA causing due to the activation of RNAi therapeutical agent, or alternatively, detect by uncorrelated apoptosis or the inflammatory responses of cell.Finally, can make to set up in this way the IC50 of the therapeutic RNAi agent activating at target tissue place.
For the biological marking of cancer
As described herein, the biological marking that comprises circulating biological mark can be used for characterizing cancers.Described biomarker can be selected from disclosed herein those.For example, in table 5, listed the list of the non-limit of the biomarker of the part that can be used as the biological marking.The described biological marking can be for characterizing cancers, for example, and for prostate gland, GI or ovarian cancer.In some embodiments, described circulating biological mark is associated with vesica or vesica colony.For example, the circulating biological mark associated with vesica can be used for catching and/or detects vesica or vesica colony.
Should be appreciated that the biomarker for example, providing in this paper (, table 5) can be used in the biological marking of Other diseases (as the cancer of other proliferative imbalance and other cell or tissue origin).For example, the conversion in various different cell types may cause due to common event, as the sudden change of p53 or other tumor-inhibiting factor.The biological marking that comprises cell source biomarker and biomarker for cancer can be used for the characteristic of further assessment of cancer.The biomarker of metastatic cancer can use to assess metastatic cancer together with cell source biomarker.Comprise Dawood for these biomarkers of the present invention, Novel biomarkers of metastatic cancer, Exp Rev Mol Diag2010 July, the 10th volume, the 5th chapter, those biomarkers in 581-590 page, this publication is incorporated to herein in full by reference.
For example, comprise in miR-378, miR-127-3p, miR-92a and miR-486-3p one or more the biological marking can for characterize colorectal carcinoma.The existence of KRAS sudden change can be relevant to miR expression level.Referring to, for example, Mosakhani etc., MicroRNA profiling differentiates colorectal cancer according to KRAS status.Genes Chromosomes Cancer.2011 .doi:10.1002/gcc.20925 on September 15, is incorporated herein this publication in full by quoting.For example, KRAS sudden change may be relevant to the downward of the rise of miR-127-3p, miR-92a and miR-486-3p and miR-378.In various imbalances, to find at high proportion KRAS sudden change, include but not limited to leukemia, colorectal carcinoma, carcinoma of the pancreas and lung cancer.The difference in response of prediction KRAS sudden change to Victibix and Cetuximab treatment.KRAS+ phenotype also with to anti-EGFR treatment (as, Erlotinib and/or Gefitinib) bad response relevant.Therefore, in one embodiment, the miR level relevant to KRAS state diagnosed to provide for the treatment of cancer as the part of the biological marking, for example, metastatic colorectal cancer or lung cancer.
As another example, compared with healthy tissues, the Pgrmcl in cancerous lung tissue raises, and compared with non-cancer patients, the Pgrmcl in Plasma of The Patients With Lung Cancer raises.Referring to, for example, Mir etc., Elevated Pgrmcl (progesterone receptor membrane component1)/sigma-2receptor levels in lung tumors and plasma from lung cancer patients.Int J Cancer.2011 .doi:10.1002/ijc.26432 on September 14, is incorporated to this publication in full by quoting.In one embodiment, in evaluate patient sample the existence of cycle P grmcl or level with characterizing cancers.Cancer can be lung cancer, includes but not limited to squamous cell lung cancer (SCLC) or adenocarcinoma of lung.The Pgrmacl level raising compared with the control can represent the existence of cancer.Sample can be tissue sample or body fluid, for example, and sputum, peripheral blood or blood derivatives.In one embodiment, Pgrmcl and vesica cluster correlation.
The biological marking of the present invention can comprise according to reference to raising, lower or not having a vicissitudinous mark.Just to explanation, if with reference to being normal specimens, if experimenter's the biological marking does not change compared with reference, the described biological marking can represent that experimenter is normal.Or the described biological marking can comprise nucleic acid or the aminoacid sequence of sudden change, between normal reference and ill sample, be identical with the level that makes composition in the biological marking.In another kind of situation, described reference can be cancer sample, if make experimenter's the biological marking substantially similar to reference, experimenter's the biological marking represents cancer.Experimenter's the biological marking can comprise the composition that upper mediation is lowered compared with reference.Just to explanation, if with reference to being normal specimens, the biological marking of cancer can comprise the oncogene of rise and the tumor suppressor gene of downward.Vesica mark can also be expressed to difference in various situations.For example, compared with non-cancer vesica, four transmembrane proteins can be in cancer vesica overexpression, and compared with cancer vesica, MFG-E8 can be in non-cancer vesica overexpression.
The biological marking of prostate cancer
In one aspect, the invention provides the method for the microcapsule bubble colony in detection of biological sample.In one embodiment, described method comprises the detection of biological marking, and the described biological marking comprises existence or the level of multiple biomarker.The described biological marking can be for characterizing cancers, for example, and prostate cancer.
In one embodiment, described method comprises: (a) by microcapsule bubble population exposed the first bonding agent and the second bonding agent in biological sample, (b) determine existence or the level by the microcapsule bubble colony of the first and second bonding agent combinations; (c) identify the existence of microcapsule bubble colony or the biological marking of level that comprise combination.Described the first and second bonding agents can comprise bonding agent pair.Use disclosed herein or the whole bag of tricks known in the art, described bonding agent is to can be for the identification of microcapsule bubble colony.For example, described to can be for the lip-deep antigen pair of mark microcapsule bubble.Can use the microcapsule bubble colony of the certification marks such as flow cytometry.For example, or a described right member can be incorporated into substrate (, trapping agent), and another member can be for mark microcapsule bubble, and wherein said mark allows to detect by bonding agent the microcapsule bubble to combination.As described herein or known in the art, described substrate can be hole, array, pearl, post, paper etc.As described herein or known in the art, described mark can be fluorescence, radio-labeling, enzyme etc.Described mark can also be indirectly.For example, can comprise that in conjunction with right mark member biotin molecule is to allow its mark with avidin combination to carry out mark.Similarly, can detect in conjunction with right mark member by the bonding agent of another mark, for example, can carry out mark mouse IgG antibody bonding agent by the anti-mouse IgG antibody of direct mark.The present invention has considered any such configuration.
In one embodiment, described the first bonding agent comprises trapping agent, and described the second bonding agent comprises detection agent.Described trapping agent and detection agent can be selected from table 38,40-44,50,51,55-67 and 72-74 one or more trapping agents and the detection agent pair in any, for example, at least 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,15,20,25 or whole.For example, described trapping agent and detection agent can be selected from one or more trapping agents and the detection agent pair of table 38,50,55 and 72 in any, for example, and at least 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,15,20,25 or all.Multiple trapping agents and detection agent are to improving the ability that characterizes phenotype.Therefore, the present invention considers to use any trapping agent and detection agent pair that required diagnosis, prognosis or the output for the treatment of diagnostic result are provided.As described herein, use trapping agent/detection agent to carry to allowing to detect the microcapsule bubble colony that exceedes a kind of biomarker, for example, a kind of mark can be tissue specificity or cell source mark, and another kind of mark can be cancer markers.This scheme will allow to detect the microcapsule bubble always coming off from the cancer cells of given anatomy tissue or position.Therefore, technician will recognize the right target of trapping agent/detection agent to change and still detects identical target microcapsule bubble colony.As limiting examples, the identical microcapsule bubble colony that can use EpCAM trapping agent and KLK2 detection agent to detect to detect with KLK2 trapping agent and EpCAM detection agent.Therefore, table 38,40-44,50,51,55-67 and the 72-74 trapping agent/detection agent shown in any is to changing as required.
As described in, the described biological marking can comprise one or more bonding agents pair as required.In some embodiments, described one or more bonding agent for example, to comprising the bonding agent of one or more (, 1,2 or whole) in mammary gland globin-MFG-E8, SIM2-MFG-E8 and NK-2R-MFG-E8.In another embodiment, described one or more bonding agent for example, to comprising the bonding agent of one or more (, 1,2 or whole) in integrin-MFG-E8, NK-2R-MFG-E8 and Gal3-MFG-E8.Described one or more trapping agent and detection agent for example, to comprising the trapping agent of one or more (, 1,2,3,4 or whole) in AURKB, A33, CD63, Gro-α and integrin; And the detection agent of one or more (for example, 1,2 or all) in MUC2, PCSA and CD81.Described one or more trapping agent and detection agent for example, to comprising the trapping agent of one or more (, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 or whole) in AURKB, CD63, FLNA, A33, Gro-α, integrin, CD24, SSX2 and SIM2; For example, detection agent with one or more (, 1,2,3,4 or whole) in MUC2, PCSA, CD81, MFG-E8 and EpCam.In some embodiments, described one or more trapping agent and detection agent for example, to comprising the bonding agent of one or more (, 1,2 or whole) in EpCam-MMP7, PCSA-MMP7 and EpCam-BCNP.In some embodiments, described one or more trapping agent and detection agent for example, to comprising the bonding agent of one or more (, 1,2,3,4 or whole) in EpCam-MMP7, PCSA-MMP7, EpCam-BCNP, PCSA-ADAM10 and PCSA-KLK2.In other embodiment again, described one or more trapping agent and detection agent for example, to comprising the bonding agent of one or more (, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 or whole) in EpCam-MMP7, PCSA-MMP7, EpCam-BCNP, PCSA-ADAM10, PCSA-KLK2, PCSA-SPDEF, CD81 mono-MMP7, PCSA-EpCam, MFGE8-MMP7 and PCSA-IL-8.Described one or more trapping agent and detection agent for example, to comprising the bonding agent of one or more (, 1,2,3,4 or whole) in EpCam-MMP7, PCSA-MMP7, EpCam-BCNP, PCSA-ADAM10 and CD81-MMP7.
The described biological marking can comprise one or more in EpCAM, MMP7, PCSA, BCNP, ADAM10, KLK2, SPDEF, CD81, MFGE8 and IL-8, for example, and 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 kind or all.The described biological marking can comprise that one or more in these biomarkers are as trapping agent target and/or detection agent target.In multiple embodiments, the bonding agent of one or more (for example, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 kind or all) in EpCAM, MMP7, PCSA, BCNP, ADAM10, KLK2, SPDEF, CD81, MFGE8 and IL-8 is used for catching vesica colony.Then use the another kind of bonding agent of one or more (for example, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 kind or all) in EpCAM, MMP7, PCSA, BCNP, ADAM10, KLK2, SPDEF, CD81, MFGE8 and IL-8 to detect the vesica of catching.The combination of any trapping agent and detection agent is possible.In one embodiment, the described biological marking comprises following mark: 1) Epcam detection agent-MMP7 trapping agent; 2) PCSA detection agent-MMP7 trapping agent; 3) Epcam detection agent-BCNP trapping agent.In another embodiment, the described biological marking comprises following mark: 1) Epcam detection agent-MMP7 trapping agent; 2) PCSA detection agent-MMP7 trapping agent; 3) Epcam detection agent-BCNP trapping agent; 4) PCSA detection agent-Adam10 trapping agent; With 5) PCSA detection agent-KLK2 trapping agent.In another embodiment again, the described biological marking comprises following mark: 1) Epcam detection agent-MMP7 trapping agent; 2) PCSA detection agent-MMP7 trapping agent; 3) Epcam detection agent-BCNP trapping agent; 4) PCSA detection agent-Adam10 trapping agent and 5) CD81 detection agent-MMP7 trapping agent.When trapping agent target be in EpCAM, MMP7, PCSA, BCNP, ADAM10, KLK2, SPDEF, CD81, MFGE8 and IL-8 one or more (for example, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 kind or all) time, EpCAM can be used as detection agent target.When trapping agent target be in EpCAM, MMP7, PCSA, BCNP, ADAM10, KLK2, SPDEF, CD81, MFGE8 and IL-8 one or more (for example, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 kind or all) time, MMP7 can be used as detection agent target.When trapping agent target be in EpCAM, MMP7, PCSA, BCNP, ADAM10, KLK2, SPDEF, CD81, MFGE8 and IL-8 one or more (for example, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 kind or all) time, PCSA can be used as detection agent target.When trapping agent target be in EpCAM, MMP7, PCSA, BCNP, ADAM10, KLK2, SPDEF, CD81, MFGE8 and IL-8 one or more (for example, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 kind or all) time, BCNP can be used as detection agent target.When trapping agent target be in EpCAM, MMP7, PCSA, BCNP, ADAM10, KLK2, SPDEF, CD81, MFGE8 and IL-8 one or more (for example, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 kind or all) time, ADAM10 can be used as detection agent target.When trapping agent target be in EpCAM, MMP7, PCSA, BCNP, ADAM10, KLK2, SPDEF, CD81, MFGE8 and IL-8 one or more (for example, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 kind or all) time, KLK2 can be used as detection agent target.When trapping agent target be in EpCAM, MMP7, PCSA, BCNP, ADAM10, KLK2, SPDEF, CD81, MFGE8 and IL-8 one or more (for example, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 kind or all) time, SPDEF can be used as detection agent target.When trapping agent target be in EpCAM, MMP7, PCSA, BCNP, ADAM10, KLK2, SPDEF, CD81, MFGE8 and IL-8 one or more (for example, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 kind or all) time, CD81 can be used as detection agent target.When trapping agent target be in EpCAM, MMP7, PCSA, BCNP, ADAM10, KLK2, SPDEF, CD81, MFGE8 and IL-8 one or more (for example, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 kind or all) time, MFGE8 can be used as detection agent target.When trapping agent target be in EpCAM, MMP7, PCSA, BCNP, ADAM10, KLK2, SPDEF, CD81, MFGE8 and IL-8 one or more (for example, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 kind or all) time, IL-8 can be used as detection agent target.Bonding agent can include but not limited to antibody, fit or its combination.In embodiments, catch bonding agent and tie in matrix, and detection bonding agent is labeled.
The described biological marking can comprise one or more in ADAM-10, BCNP, CD9, EGFR, EpCam, IL1B, KLK2, MMP7, p53, PBP, PCSA, SERPINB3, SPDEF, SSX2 and SSX4, for example, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14 kind or all.The described biological marking can comprise that one or more in these biomarkers are as trapping agent target and/or detection agent target.In embodiments, the bonding agent of one or more (for example, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14 kind or all) in ADAM-10, BCNP, CD9, EGFR, EpCam, IL1B, KLK2, MMP7, p53, PBP, PCSA, SERPINB3, SPDEF, SSX2 and SSX4 is used for catching vesica colony.Then use the another kind of bonding agent of one or more (for example, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14 kind or all) in ADAM-10, BCNP, CD9, EGFR, EpCam, IL1B, KLK2, MMP7, p53, PBP, PCSA, SERPINB3, SPDEF, SSX2 and SSX4 to detect the vesica of catching.For example, can detect the vesica of catching with the bonding agent of EpCAM.Can detect the vesica of catching with the bonding agent of PCSA.Can detect the vesica of catching with the bonding agent of ADAM-10.Can detect the vesica of catching with the bonding agent of BCNP.Can detect the vesica of catching with the bonding agent of CD9.Can detect the vesica of catching with the bonding agent of EGFR.Can detect the vesica of catching with the bonding agent of IL1B.Can detect the vesica of catching with the bonding agent of KLK2.Can detect the vesica of catching with the bonding agent of MMP7.Can detect the vesica of catching with the bonding agent of p53.Can detect the vesica of catching with the bonding agent of PBP.Can detect the vesica of catching with the bonding agent of SERPINB3.Can detect the vesica of catching with the bonding agent of SPDEF.Can detect the vesica of catching with the bonding agent of SSX2.Can detect the vesica of catching with the bonding agent of SSX4.In some embodiments, can for example, detect the vesica of catching with the bonding agent of one or more general vesica marks (, described in table 3).Can also use the bonding agent of one or more (for example, 1,2,3,4 or 5 kind) in EpCam, CD81, PCSA, MUC2 and MFG-E8 to detect the vesica of catching.Can also use CD9, CD63, CD81 or herein the bonding agent of one or more four transmembrane proteins in described other four transmembrane proteins (for example, 1,2 or 3 kind) detect the vesica of catching.In some embodiments, with the one or more bonding agents in table 72 to catching and detect vesica.Described one or more (for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 20 or more) bonding agent be to being selected from EpCAM-EpCAM, EpCAM-KLK2, EpCAM-PBP, EDCAM-SPDEF, EpCAM-SSX2, EpCAM-SSX4, EpCAM-ADAM-10, EpCAM-SERPINB3, EpCAM-PCSA, EpCAM-p53, EpCAM-MMP7, EpCAM-IL1B, EpCAM-EGFR, EpCAM-CD9, EpCAM-BCNP, KLK2-EpCAM, KLK2-KLK2, KLK2-PBP, KLK2-SPDEF, KLK2-SSX2, KLK2-SSX4, KLK2-ADAM-10, KLK2-SERPINB3, KLK2-PCSA, KLK2-p53, KLK2-MMP7, KLK2-IL1B, KLK2-EGFR, KLK2-CD9, KLK2-BCNP, PBP-EpCAM, PBP-KLK2, PBP-PBP, PBP-SPDEF, PBP-SSX2, PBP-SSX4, PBP-ADAM-10, PBP-SERPINB3, PBP-PCSA, PBP-p53, PBP-MMP7, PBP-IL1B, PBP-EGFR, PBP-CD9, PBP-BCNP, SPDEF-EpCAM, SPDEF-KLK2, SPDEF-PBP, SPDEF-SPDEF, SPDEF-SSX2, SPDEF-SSX4, SPDEF-ADAM-10, SPDEF-SERPINB3, SPDEF-PCSA, SPDEF-p53, SPDEF-MMP7, SPDEF-IL1B, SPDEF-EGFR, SPDEF-CD9, SPDEF-BCNP, SSX2-EpCAM, SSX2-KLK2, SSX2-PBP, SSX2-SPDEF, SSX2-SSX2, SSX2-SSX4, SSX2-ADAM-10, SSX2-SERPINB3, SSX2-PCSA, SSX2-p53, SSX2-MMP7, SSX2-IL1B, SSX2-EGFR, SSX2-CD9, SSX2-BCNP, SSX4-EpCAM, SSX4-KLK2, SSX4-PBP, SSX4-SPDEF, SSX4-SSX2, SSX4-SSX4, SSX4-ADAM-10, SSX4-SERPINB3, SSX4-PCSA, SSX4-p53, SSX4-MMP7, SSX4-IL1B, SSX4-EGFR, SSX4-CD9, SSX4-BCNP, ADAM-10-EpCAM, ADAM-10-KLK2, ADAM-10-PBP, ADAM-10-SPDEF, ADAM-10-SSX2, ADAM-10-SSX4, ADAM-10-ADAM-10, ADAM-10-SERPINB3, ADAM-10-PCSA, ADAM-10-p53, ADAM-10-MMP7, ADAM-10-IL1B, ADAM-10-EGFR, ADAM-10-CD9, ADAM-10-BCNP, SERPINB3-EpCAM, SERPINB3-KLK2, SERPINB3-PBP, SERPINB3-SPDEF, SERPINB3-SSX2, SERPINB3-SSX4, SERPINB3-ADAM-10, SERPINB3-SERPINB3, SERPINB3-PCSA, SERPINB3-p53, SERPINB3-MMP7, SERPINB3-IL1B, SERPINB3-EGFR, SERPINB3-CD9, SERPINB3-BCNP, PCSA-EpCAM, PCSA-KLK2, PCSA-PBP, PCSA-SPDEF, PCSA-SSX2, PCSA-SSX4, PCSA-ADAM-10, PCSA-SERPINB3, PCSA-PCSA, PCSA-p53, PCSA-MMP7, PCSA-IL1B, PCSA-EGFR, PCSA-CD9, PCSA-BCNP, p53-EpCAM, p53-KLK2, p53-PBP, p53-SPDEF, p53-SSX2, p53-SSX4, p53-ADAM-10, p53-SERPINB3, p53-PCSA, p53-p53, p53-MMP7, 53-IL1B, p53-EGFR, p53-CD9, p53-BCNP, MMP7-EpCAM, MMP7-KLK2, MMP7-PBP, MMP7-SPDEF, MMP7-SSX2, MMP7-SSX4, MMP7-ADAM-10, MMP7-SERPINB3, MMP7-PCSA, MMP7-p53, MMP7-MMP7, MMP7-IL1B, MMP7-EGFR, MMP7-CD9, MMP7-BCNP, IL1B-EpCAM, IL1B-KLK2, IL1B-PBP, IL1B-SPDEF, IL1B-SSX2, IL1B-SSX4, IL1B-ADAM-10, IL1B-SERPINB3, IL1B-PCSA, IL1B-p53, IL1B-MMP7, IL1B-IL1B, IL1B-EGFR, IL1B-CD9, IL1B-BCNP, EGFR-EpCAM, EGFR-KLK2, EGFR-PBP, EGFR-SPDEF, EGFR-SSX2, EGFR-SSX4, EGFR-ADAM-10, EGFR-SERPINB3, EGFR-PCSA, EGFR-p53, EGFR-MMP7, EGFR-IL1B, EGFR-EGFR, EGFR-CD9, EGFR-BCNP, CD9-EpCAM, CD9-KLK2, CD9-PBP, CD9-SPDEF, CD9-SSX2, CD9-SSX4, CD9-ADAM-10, CD9-SERPINB3, CD9-PCSA, CD9-p53, CD9-MMP7, CD9-IL1B, CD9-EGFR, CD9-CD9, CD9-BCNP, BCNP-EpCAM, BCNP-KLK2, BCNP-PBP, BCNP-SPDEF, BCNP-SSX2, BCNP-SSX4, BCNP-ADAM-10, BCNP-SERPINB3, BCNP-PCSA, BCNP-p53, BCNP-MMP7, BCNP-IL1B, BCNP-EGFR, BCNP-CD9, BCNP-BCNP and combination thereof, wherein each is to sorting as trapping agent target-detection agent.Bonding agent can be antibody, fit, its combination is disclosed herein or other reagent known in the art.
The described biological marking can comprise one group of trapping agent and detection agent.In one embodiment, described group comprises the bonding agent that exceedes one (for example, 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14 kind or all) in ADAM-10, BCNP, CD9, EGFR, EpCam, IL1B, KLK2, MMP7, p53, PBP, PCSA, SERPINB3, SPDEF, SSX2 and SSX4.For example, the described biological marking can comprise the multiple SSX4-EpCAM of being selected from, SSX4-KLK2, SSX4-PBP, SSX4-SPDEF, SSX4-SSX2, SSX4-EGFR, SSX4-MMP7, SSX4-BCNP1, SSX4-SERPINB3, KLK2-EpCAM, KLK2-PBP, KLK2-SPDEF, KLK2-SSX2, KLK2-EGFR, KLK2-MMP7, KLK2-BCNP1, KLK2-SERPINB3, PBP-EGFR, PBP-EpCAM, PBP-SPDEF, PBP-SSX2, PBP-SERPINB3, PBP-MMP7, PBP-BCNP1, EpCAM-SPDEF, EpCAM-SSX2, EpCAM-SERPINB3, EpCAM-EGFR, EpCAM-MMP7, EpCAM-BCNP1, SPDEF-SSX2, SPDEF-SERPINB3, SPDEF-EGFR, SPDEF-MMP7, SPDEF-BCNP1, SSX2-EGFR, SSX2-MMP7, SSX2-BCNP1, SSX2-SERPINB3, SERPINB3-EGFR, SERPINB3-MMP7, SERPINB3-BCNP1, EGFR-MMP7, EGFR-BCNP1, the bonding agent of MMP7-BCNP1 and combination thereof.Described bonding agent can be used as trapping agent.Then can use the another kind of bonding agent of one or more (for example, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14 kind or all) in ADAM-10, BCNP, CD9, EGFR, EpCam, IL1B, KLK2, MMP7, p53, PBP, PCSA, SERPINB3, SPDEF, SSX2 and SSX4 to detect the vesica of catching.For example, can detect the vesica of catching with the bonding agent of EpCAM.In some embodiments, can for example, detect the vesica of catching with the bonding agent of one or more general vesica marks (, described in table 3).Can also use the bonding agent of one or more (for example, 1,2,3,4 or 5 kind) in EpCam, CD81, PCSA, MUC2 and MFG-E8 to detect the vesica of catching.Can use the bonding agent of one or more (for example, 1,2,3,4 or 5 kind) in CD9, CD63, CD8, PCSA, MUC2 and MFG-E8 to detect the vesica of catching.Can also for example, detect the vesica of catching with the bonding agent of one or more four transmembrane proteins (, CD9, CD63, CD81 or herein 1,2 in described other four transmembrane proteins or 3 kind).In some embodiments, with the one or more bonding agents in table 72 to catching and detect vesica.Bonding agent can be antibody, fit, its combination is disclosed herein or other reagent known in the art.
The described biological marking can comprise one or more in EpCAM, KLK2, PBP, SPDEF, SSX2 and SSX4.The described biological marking can comprise that one or more in these biomarkers are as trapping agent target and/or detection agent target.In embodiments, one or more the bonding agent in EpCAM, KLK2, PBP, SPDEF, SSX2 and SSX4 is used for catching vesica colony.Then detect the vesica of catching with one or more the another kind of bonding agent in EpCAM, KLK2, PBP, SPDEF, SSX2 and SSX4.For example, can detect the vesica of catching with the bonding agent of EpCAM.In one embodiment, the described biological marking comprise use the bonding agent of EpCAM catch microcapsule bubble and use the bonding agent of EpCAM detect microcapsule bubble detection microcapsule bubble colony with.In one embodiment, the described biological marking comprises that the bonding agent that uses the bonding agent of KLK2 to catch microcapsule bubble and EpCAM detects the microcapsule bubble colony of the detection of microcapsule bubble.In one embodiment, the described biological marking comprises that the bonding agent that uses the bonding agent of PBP to catch microcapsule bubble and EpCAM detects the microcapsule bubble colony of the detection of microcapsule bubble.In one embodiment, the described biological marking comprises that the bonding agent that uses the bonding agent of SPDEF to catch microcapsule bubble and EpCAM detects the microcapsule bubble colony of the detection of microcapsule bubble.In one embodiment, the described biological marking comprises that the bonding agent that uses the bonding agent of SSX2 to catch microcapsule bubble and EpCAM detects the microcapsule bubble colony of the detection of microcapsule bubble.In one embodiment, the described biological marking comprises that the bonding agent that uses the bonding agent of SSX4 to catch microcapsule bubble and EpCAM detects the microcapsule bubble colony of the detection of microcapsule bubble.Can use as required the right any useful combination of these trapping agent/detection agents.In one embodiment, the right combination of described trapping agent/detection agent comprises: 1) EpCAM trapping agent-EpCAM detection agent; With 2) KLK2, PBP, SPDEF, SSX2 or SSX4 trapping agent-EpCAM detection agent.In one embodiment, the right combination of trapping agent/detection agent comprises: 1) KLK2 trapping agent-EpCAM detection agent; With 2) EpCAM, PBP, SPDEF, SSX2 or SSX4 trapping agent-EpCAM detection agent.In one embodiment, the right combination of trapping agent/detection agent comprises: 1) PBP trapping agent-EpCAM detection agent; With 2) EpCAM, KLK2, SPDEF, SSX2 or SSX4 trapping agent-EpCAM detection agent.In one embodiment, the right combination of trapping agent/detection agent comprises: 1) SPDEF trapping agent-EpCAM detection agent; With 2) EpCAM, KLK2, PBP, SSX2 or SSX4 trapping agent-EpCAM detection agent.In one embodiment, the right combination of trapping agent/detection agent comprises: 1) SSX2 trapping agent-EpCAM detection agent; With 2) EpCAM, KLK2, PBP, SPDEF or SSX4 trapping agent-EpCAM detection agent.In one embodiment, the right combination of trapping agent/detection agent comprises: 1) SSX4 trapping agent-EpCAM detection agent; With 2) EpCAM, KLK2, PBP, SPDEF or SSX2 trapping agent-EpCAM detection agent.Described bonding agent can include but not limited to antibody, fit or its combination.For example, described trapping agent can comprise antibody, and that described detection agent can comprise is fit.In embodiments, described in catch bonding agent and tie in substrate, and detection agent bonding agent is carried out to mark.If needed, can detect vesica with the bonding agent of PCSA.
In one embodiment, use for the specific trapping agent of the vesica from required cell source and detection agent detecting microcapsule bubble.In one embodiment, catch vesica by cancer markers, and detect with tissue specificity mark.Similarly, can catch vesica by using-system Specific marker, and detect by cancer markers.For example, cancer markers can be EpCAM or B7H3, and tissue specificity mark can be prostate gland mark, includes but not limited to PBP, PCSA, PSCA, PSMA, KLK2, PSA etc.Do not wish to be bound by theory, such embodiment allows in circulation detection resources from the vesica of prostate cancer cell.
If need, can use multiple detection agent.For example, use the multiple general vesica mark can amplification detection signal.For example, detecting together with CD81 with CD9, CD63 can be than providing more signals by the detection of single four transmembrane proteins, and this expects in some applications.
In one embodiment, EpCAM (epithelial cell adhesion molecule) is the target of the anti-epithelial cell adhesion molecule antibody MAB9601 in table 54.Can more information about EpCAM be at www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl? gene=EPCAM finds.
In one embodiment, MMP7 (matrix metal peptase 7 (matrilysin, uterus); MMP7) be the target of the anti-MMP7 antibody NB300-1000 in table 54.Can more information about MMP7 be at www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl? gene=MMP7 finds.Can comprise for the antibody buied of the MMP7 of enforcement the inventive method: 1) anti-MMP7 antibody, R & D Systems, clone 111433, catalog number MAB9071; 2) anti-MMP7 antibody, R & D Systems, clone 111439, catalog number MAB9072; 3) anti-MMP7 antibody, R & D Systems, clone 6A4, catalog number MAB907; 4) anti-MMP7 antibody, Millipore, clone 141-7B2, catalog number MAB3315; 5) anti-MMP7 antibody, Millipore, clone 176-5F12, catalog number MAB3322; 6) anti-MMP7 polyclonal antibody, Novus, catalog number NB300-1000.
In one embodiment, PCSA (prostatic cell surface antigen) is the target of anti-prostatic cell surface antibody.Referring to table 54.PCSA is also by Rokhlin, OW etc., and Cancer Lett., the 5E10 antibody recognition described in 131:129-36 (1998), is incorporated herein this publication in full by quoting.
In one embodiment, BCNP (the new albumen 1 of B-cell; FAM129C; There is the family 129 of sequence similarity, member C; Niban-sample albumen 2) be the target of anti-B cell new protein 1 antibody 59781 in table 54.BCNP has several splicing forms and isomorph, for example, and BCNP1, BCNP2, BCNP3, BCNP4 and BCNP5.Protein isomorph also can be called Q86XR2-1,086XR2-2, Q86XR2-3, Q86XR2-4 and Q86XR2-5.Antibody is at least identified BCNP1, BCNP2, BCNP3, and can identify isomorph 4 and 5.Can more information about BCNP be at www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl? gene=FAM129C obtains.
In one embodiment, ADAM10 (ADAM metallopeptidase structural domain 10; Disintegrin (disintegrin) and metalloprotease structural domain 10) be the target of the anti-ADAM12 structural domain 10 antibody MAB1427 in table 54.Can more information about ADAM10 be at www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl? gene=ADAM10 finds.
In one embodiment, KLK2 (kallikrein-relevant peptase 2) is the target of the anti-kallikrein-relevant peptase 2 antibody H00003817-M03 in table 54.Can more information about KLK2 be at www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl? gene=KLK2 finds.
In one embodiment, SPDEF (containing SAM point territory (pointed domain) ets transcription factor) is the target of the anti-SAM point territory ets transcription factor antibody H00025803-M01 in table 54.Can more information about SPDEF be at www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl? gene=SPDEF finds.
In one embodiment, CD81 (CD81 molecule; CD81 antigen; Four transmembrane protein-28) be the target of anti-differentiation bunch 81 antibody 555675 in table 54.Can more information about CD81 be at www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl? gene=CD81 finds.
In one embodiment, MFGE8 (butter fat ball-EGF factor 8 albumen; MFG-E8; Sperm related antigen 10; Lactahedrin) be the target of the anti-butter fat ball-EGF factor 8 protein antibodies MAB27671 in table 54.Can more information about MFGE8 be at www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl? gene=MFGE8 finds.
In one embodiment, IL-8 (interleukin 8) is the target of the Anti-interleukin-8 OMA1-03346 in table 54.Can more information about IL-8 be at www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl? gene=IL8 finds.
In one embodiment, SSX4 (synovial sarcoma, X breaking point 4) is the anti-synovial sarcoma in table 54, the target of X breaking point 4 antibody H00006759-MO2.Can more information about SSX4 be at www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl? gene=SSX4 finds.
In one embodiment, SSX2 (synovial sarcoma, X breaking point 2) is the target of the anti-synovial sarcoma X breaking point 2 antibody H00006757-M01 in table 54.Can more information about SSX2 be at www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl? gene=SSX2 finds.
In one embodiment, EGFR (epithelial growth factor receptor) is the target of the anti-epidermal growth factor antibody 555996 in table 54.Can more information about EGFR be at www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl? gene=EGFR finds.
In one embodiment, SERPINB3 (member 3 for serpin, clade B (Protalbinic acid)) is the anti-serpin in table 54, the target of clade B member 3 antibody WH0006317M1.Can more information about SERPINB3 be at www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl? gene=SERPINB3 finds.
In one embodiment, IL1B (interleukin 1, β) is the target of the anti-IL-8-1B antibody WH0003553M1 in table 54.Can more information about IL1B be at www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl? gene=IL1B finds.
In one embodiment, TP53 (p53; Oncoprotein p53) be the target of anti-tumor protein 53 antibody 654802 in table 54.Can more information about TP53 be at www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl? gene=TP53 finds.
In one embodiment, PBP (PBP; PEBP1; Phosphotidylethanolabinding binding protein 1) be the target of the anti-PBP antibody H00005037-M01 in table 54.Can more information about PBP be at www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl? gene=PEBP1 finds.
In one embodiment, CD9 (CD9 molecule) is the target of the anti-differentiation bunch 9 antibody MAB633 in table 54.Can more information about CD9 be at www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl? gene=CD9 finds.
Identify the optional antibody of above biomarker, fit and other bonding agents are known in the art.Referring to, for example, above Genecard reference.
Treatment diagnosis
According to disclosed herein, the method for characterize experimenter's phenotype by one or more biomarkers of assessment (comprising vesica biomarker and/or circulating biological mark) is disclosed.Described biomarker can use the method that vesica biomarker disclosed herein is carried out to multiple analysis to be assessed.Characterize phenotype the treatment diagnosis providing experimenter can be provided, such as whether definite experimenter is predicted, treatment is had to reaction or predicted reactionless to treating.Can called after respondent to the experimenter that responds for the treatment of, and unresponsive experimenter can the non-respondent of called after.According to but be not limited to the improvement of one or more symptoms of situation; The reduction of one or more side effects of existing treatment; With before this or other treatment the compare improvement of one or more symptoms or the raising of improvement rate; With treat or with before this or other treatment compared with longer survival time, can think that the experimenter who suffers from described situation is the respondent of described treatment.For example, can think that according to useful or required treatment consequence the experimenter of the situation of suffering from is the respondent of described treatment, described treatment consequence includes but not limited to, the reduction of the improvement of one or more symptoms or alleviation, disease degree, the stabilization of morbid state are (, have no deterioration), the delay of prophylactic diffusion, disease process or slow down, the alleviation of morbid state or alleviate and no matter partially or completely the course of disease alleviates (), be no matter can detect or non-detectable.Treatment also comprises the survival time of comparing prolongation from desired survival time in the situation that not receiving treatment or accept different treatment.
The patient that system and method disclosed herein can be used for for there being demand selects candidate therapeutic.One or more features that can be based on vesica to the selection of therapy, such as the biological marking of vesica, vesica amount or the two.The sizing of vesica or somatotype (such as the identity of the biological marking of vesica, vesica amount or the two) can be used for one or more candidate therapeutic agents of Individual identification for suffering from situation.For example, vesica somatotype can be used for determining that experimenter is non-respondent or respondent for specific therapy (such as suffering from the cancer therapy in cancered situation described experimenter).
Vesica somatotype can be used for experimenter that treatment or prognosis are provided, and can select therapy according to described diagnosis or prognosis.Or the directly spectrum of the vesica based on experimenter is selected in treatment.In addition, experimenter's vesica spectrum can be used for following the trail of the evolution of disease, for assessment of pharmaceutical efficacy, make existing treatment adapt to suffer from the experimenter of disease or situation or select new treatment for the experimenter who suffers from disease or situation.
Experimenter can use biomarker to assess to the reaction for the treatment of, and it comprises vesica, microRNA and other circulating biological mark.In one embodiment, the spectrum of the experimenter's vesica based on carrying out assessing before any treatment is determined described experimenter, classify or is accredited as non-respondent or respondent.During pretreat, experimenter can be categorized as to non-respondent or respondent, reduce therefrom unnecessary treatment option, and avoided the side effect from invalid therapy.In addition, described experimenter can be accredited as to the respondent for particular treatment, and the survival time by providing personalized treatment option to extend experimenter is provided vesica somatotype thus, improves described experimenter's symptom or situation or the two.Therefore, the experimenter who suffers from situation can have the biological marking that uses one or more system and methods disclosed herein to be produced by vesica and other circulating biological mark, and described spectrum can be subsequently for determining that experimenter is non-respondent or respondent for the particular treatment possibility of described situation.According to for predicting whether the treatment that described experimenter is used for the treatment of described experimenter's situation for initial imagination is the use of non-respondent or respondent's biomarker, can be described experimenter and select imagination to be used for the treatment of described experimenter's the particular treatment of situation, maybe can select the treatment that other may be better.
In one embodiment, the experimenter who suffers from situation is just being subject to the treatment of therapeutical agent.Can from described experimenter, obtain sample by the one or more time points before treatment and during treatment.Can assess the biological marking including the vesica from described sample or other biomarker and use it for and determine the reaction of described experimenter for described medicine, such as according to the described biological marking over time.If described experimenter is reactionless for described treatment, for example, the described biological marking does not show that described patient reacts, and described experimenter can be classified as for described treatment anergy, or is non-respondent.Similarly, thus can detect one or more biomarkers relevant to the situation worsening makes described biological marking indication patient not produce favourable reaction to described treatment.In another embodiment, although treat, one or more biomarkers relevant to described situation remain unchanged, and this has shown that described situation do not improve.Therefore, according to the described biological marking, can change or adjust the treatment plan for described experimenter, comprise and select different therapeutical agents.
Or, can determine that described experimenter responds for described treatment, and described experimenter can be categorized as for described treatment and have reactivity, or be respondent.For example, can detect one or more biomarkers relevant to the improvement of described situation or imbalance.In another example, one or more biomarkers relevant to described situation change to some extent, thereby have shown improvement.Therefore, existing treatment can continue.In another embodiment, even if there is the sign improving, the described biological marking shown another kind for the treatment of may more efficiently situation under capable of regulating or change existing treatment.Existing treatment can, in conjunction with another therapeutical agent, can increase the dosage of current therapeutical agent, or selects different candidate therapeutic or therapeutical agent.For selecting the standard of different candidate therapeutic to can be depending on setting.In one embodiment, described candidate therapeutic possibility is known is effective for the successful experimenter of existing treatment.In another embodiment, described candidate therapeutic possibility is known is effective for other experimenter with the similar biological marking.
In some embodiments, described experimenter is being subject to the treatment of two wires, three lines or higher line, such as cancer therapy.Can be carrying out, before two wires, three lines or the treatment of higher line, described experimenter is determined to the biological marking of the present invention, to determine that whether experimenter treats as respondent or non-respondent for described two wires, three lines or higher line.In another embodiment, carrying out, during two wires, three lines or the treatment of higher line, described experimenter is determined to the biological marking, thereby determining whether experimenter responds for described two wires, three lines or the treatment of higher line.
Method and system for assessment of one or more vesicas as herein described can be used for determining whether the experimenter of the situation of suffering from has reactivity for treatment, and therefore can be used for selecting the treatment of one or more symptoms of improving described situation; Reduce one or more side effects of existing treatment; With before this or other treatment compare and improve improvement or its improvement speed of one or more symptoms; With treat or with before this or other treatment compared with prolongation survival time.Therefore, method as herein described can be by personalized treatment option is provided for extending experimenter's survival time, and/or can be experimenter and reduce unnecessary treatment option and unnecessary side effect.
The survival time of described prolongation can be improve without progression of disease survival rate (PFS), the individuality of disease (as cancer) that what it referred to suffer from or colony are starting after the course for the treatment of, to keep the probability without progression of disease.It can refer to after the time durations of specifying in described colony disease may keep stable (as, do not show progress sign) individual per-cent.Progresson free survival rate is the indication of particular treatment validity.In other embodiments, the survival rate of described prolongation is without disease survival rate (DFS), and it refers to suffers from cancered individuality or group of individuals and starting after particular treatment, to keep the probability without disease.It can refer to may be without the individual per-cent of disease in described colony after the time durations of specifying.It is the indication of particular treatment validity without disease survival rate.Can obtain by similar patient colony without the basis of disease survival rate on two kinds of therapeutic strategies relatively.In the time describing cancer survival, conventionally use together with term overall survival rate without disease survival rate.
Can compare with the treatment that non-vesica somatotype is selected according to the candidate therapeutic of selecting by vesica somatotype described herein, it is undertaken by using the PFS (A phase) of therapy the most approaching on the progresson free survival (PFS) of the therapy by vesica somatotype (B phase) selection and time that described experimenter has just occurred to make progress to be compared.In one is set, >=1.3 PFSB/PFSA is than for example, for showing that therapy that described vesica somatotype selects provides benefit (for experimenter, referring to Robert Temple, Clinical measurement in drug evaluation.Wu Ningano and G.T.Thicker write, John Wiley and Sons Ltd.1995; Von Hoff, D.D.Clin Can Res.4:1079,1999; Dhani etc., Clin Cancer Res.15:118-123,2009).
Other method of comparing for the treatment of that vesica somatotype is selected can and get nowhere or experimenter's per-cent of death and comparing with the selected treatment of non-vesica somatotype by assaying reaction rate (RECIST) for 4 months.The term " about " using in the situation of the numerical value of PFS refers to the variation of relatively described numerical value +/-10 (10%).Compared with the treatment of selecting with non-vesica somatotype, the PFS of the treatment of selecting from vesica somatotype can expand at least 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% or at least 90%.In some embodiments, compared with the treatment of selecting with non-vesica somatotype, the PFS of the treatment of selecting from vesica somatotype can expand at least 100%, 150%, 200%, 300%, 400%, 500%, 600%, 700%, 800%, 900% or at least about 1000%.In other embodiment again, described PFS ratio (PFS of the PFS/ of the therapy that vesica somatotype is selected or new treatment therapy or treatment before this) is at least about 1.3.In other embodiment again, described PFS ratio is at least about 1.1,1.2,1.3,1.4,1.5,1.6,1.7,1.8,1.9 or 2.0.In other embodiment again, described PFS ratio is at least about 3,4,5,6,7,8,9 or 10.
More described DFS in the experimenter that can select its treatment in the situation that determining or do not determine according to the biological marking of the present invention similarly.Compared with the treatment of selecting with non-vesica somatotype, the DFS of the treatment of selecting from vesica somatotype can expand at least 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% or at least 90%.In some embodiments, compared with the treatment of selecting with non-vesica somatotype, the DFS of the treatment of selecting from vesica somatotype can expand at least 100%, 150%, 200%, 300%, 400%, 500%, 600%, 700%, 800%, 900% or at least about 1000%.In other embodiment again, described DFS ratio (DFS of the DFS/ of the therapy that vesica somatotype is selected or new treatment therapy or treatment before this) is at least about 1.3.In other embodiment again, described DFS ratio is at least about 1.1,1.2,1.3,1.4,1.5,1.6,1.7,1.8,1.9 or 2.0.In other embodiment again, described DFS ratio is at least about 3,4,5,6,7,8,9 or 10.
In some embodiments, the candidate therapeutic of selecting by microcapsule bubble somatotype does not improve described PFS ratio or DFS ratio in experimenter; Although vesica somatotype provides benefit to experimenter.For example, in some embodiments, can be used for described experimenter without known treatment.In these cases, vesica somatotype provides the method for having identified candidate therapeutic do not identify treatment in the situation that current.Described vesica somatotype can be by PFS, DFS or at least 1 week of life, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 1 month, 5 weeks, 6 weeks, 7 weeks, 8 weeks, 2 months, 9 weeks, 10 weeks, 11 weeks, 12 weeks, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 13 months, 14 months, 15 months, 16 months, 17 months, 18 months, 19 months, 20 months, 21 months, 22 months, 23 months, 24 months or 2 years.Described vesica somatotype can extend PFS, DFS or life-span at least 21/2 year, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years or longer.In some embodiments, thus method of the present invention improved result make experimenter in alleviate in.
Can measure the usefulness that detects treatment by other.The completely dissolve that complete reaction (CR) has comprised described disease: do not prove disease in inspection, scanning or other test.Partial reaction (PR) refers to and retains in vivo some disease, but at size of tumor or quantitatively reduced 30% or more.Stable disease (SD) refers at size of tumor and quantitatively keeps geostationary disease.Under normal circumstances, can be described to stable disease lower than 50% reduction or slight raising in size.PD (PD) refers in disease described in when treatment in size or quantitatively increases.In some embodiments, vesica somatotype according to the present invention has caused complete reaction or partial reaction.In some embodiments, method of the present invention has caused stable disease.In some embodiments, the present invention can realize stable disease, but not vesica somatotype has caused PD.
Can be for phenotype according to the treatment diagnosis of the biological marking of the present invention, it includes but not limited to those phenotypes cited herein.Characterize phenotype and be included as the definite treatment diagnosis of experimenter, such as prediction experimenter possibility, treatment is had to reaction (" respondent ") or no reactionless to treating (" non-respondent ").According to using herein, experimenter is accredited as for " respondent " that treat or comprises described experimenter is accredited as respectively and may be responded for described treatment for " the non-respondent " of described treatment, or may be reactionless for described treatment, and without the clearly prediction of reaction of determining described experimenter.Available from one or more vesicas of experimenter or vesica colony for determining by assessment biomarker disclosed herein (as, the biomarker of listing in table 7) whether experimenter is non-respondent or respondent for particular treatment.The experimenter that the detection of the detection of the high or low expression level to biomarker or the sudden change to biomarker can be used for for suffering from situation selects candidate therapeutic, such as drug intervention.Table 7 comprises illustrative situation and the drug intervention to these situations.This tabular has gone out the biomarker that affects described intervention effect.Can use method of the present invention to assess described biomarker, as, as circulating biological mark or the biomarker relevant to vesica.
Table 7: for the biomarker of illness and the example of drug intervention
Figure BPA0000186429140002191
Figure BPA0000186429140002201
Figure BPA0000186429140002211
Cancer
The biological marking of vesica can be used in the treatment diagnosis of cancer, such as identifying that suffering from cancered experimenter is respondent or non-respondent for specific cancer therapy possibility.Present method can be used for treating diagnosing cancer and comprises those listed cancers (as, " phenotype " part above) herein.These cancers include but not limited to lung cancer, nonsmall-cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer (comprises small cell carcinoma (oat-cell carcinoma), minicell/large cell carcinoma and Combination small cell carcinoma), colorectal carcinoma, mammary cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, carcinoma of the pancreas, the cancer of the brain, kidney, ovarian cancer, cancer of the stomach, melanoma, osteocarcinoma, cancer of the stomach, mammary cancer, glioma, glioblastoma multiforme, hepatocellular carcinoma, papillary carcinoma kidney, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, leukemia, lymphoma, myelomatosis or other noumenal tumour.
Can be used for selecting candidate therapeutic for described experimenter from the biological marking of suffering from the circulating biological mark (comprising the mark relevant to vesica) in cancered experimenter's sample.Can determine the described biological marking according to the method for the present invention providing herein.In some embodiments, candidate therapeutic comprises the nursing standard to described cancer.The described biological marking can be used for determining that experimenter is non-reactor or reactor for particular treatment or nursing standard.Described treatment can be the treatment of cancer, such as radiotherapy, operative treatment, chemotherapy or its combination.Described cancer therapy can be that therapeutical agent is such as carcinostatic agent or chemotherapy regimen.Cancer therapy for method of the present invention includes but not limited to the treatment that table 8 is listed:
Table 8: cancer therapy
Figure BPA0000186429140002221
Figure BPA0000186429140002231
Figure BPA0000186429140002251
Figure BPA0000186429140002261
Figure BPA0000186429140002271
According to shown in table 8, cancer therapy comprises various operations and pharmacological agent.Carcinostatic agent comprises medicine, such as small molecules and biotechnological formulation.Method of the present invention can be used for identify comprise circulating biological mark the biological marking, it can be used for the treatment of diagnostic purpose subsequently, such as monitor therapy effect, by experimenter be categorized as for treatment reactor non-reactor or select candidate therapeutic agent.The present invention can be used for for any cancer therapy provides treatment diagnosis, and it includes but not limited to relate to the treatment diagnosis of the cancer therapy in table 8-10.The cancer therapy that can the method according to this invention be accredited as candidate therapeutic includes but not limited to chemotherapeutics and the suitable combination arbitrarily thereof showing to list in 8-10.In one embodiment, described treatment is specific for the cancer of particular type, such as in table 8 for the listed treatment of prostate cancer, colorectal carcinoma, mammary cancer and lung cancer.In other embodiment, described treatment is specific for the tumour that shows the specific biological marking, and no matter it originates from, as the biological marking that comprises the listed mark of table 9-10.
The invention provides the method for monitoring cancer therapy, it comprises with time-histories (such as before treatment and after treatment) or along with the time after treatment is identified a series of biological marking in experimenter.The described biological marking and reference compare to determine the effect of described treatment.In one embodiment, described treatment is selected from table 8-10, waits for such as radiation, operation, chemotherapy, biotherapy, neoadjuvant, adjuvant therapy or observation.Described reference can be from another individuality or group of individuals or from same subject.For example, have and indicate the experimenter of the biological marking before cancer therapy successfully after treatment, can there is the biological marking of indicating state of health.On the contrary, experimenter can have the biological marking of indication cancer after unsuccessful treatment.The described biological marking can compare to determine whether described experimenter's the biological marking indicates improvement, the deterioration or unchanged of situation in time.If described cancer worsens in time or be unchanged, may need other treatment.For example, can outside operation or radiotherapy, use hormonotherapy to have more invasive prostate cancer with treatment.One or more miR can be used for monitoring in the biological marking of prostate cancer therapy effect below: hsa-miR-1974, hsa-miR-27b, hsa-miR-103, hsa-miR-146a, hsa-miR-22, hsa-miR-382, hsa-miR-23a, hsa-miR-376c, hsa-miR-335, hsa-miR-142-5p, hsa-miR-221, hsa-miR-142-3p, hsa-miR-151-3p, hsa-miR-21, hsa-miR-16.In following publication, one or more listed miR can be used in the biological marking of the treatment of monitoring GI road cancer: Albulescu etc., the miRNAs for diagnostic and therapy improvement in digestive tract cancers of Tissular and solubility, Exp Rev Mol Diag, 11:1,101-120.
In some embodiments, the invention provides and identify from the biological marking in experimenter's sample to select the method for candidate therapeutic agent.For example, the described biological marking can show that the relevant target of medicine undergos mutation or differential expression, shows therefrom that described experimenter may respond for particular treatment or reactionless.Candidate therapeutic can be selected from definite carcinostatic agent or therapeutical agent classification in table 8-10.In some embodiments, be selected from the group of at least following treatment composition according to the definite candidate therapeutic of present method: 5 FU 5 fluorouracil, abarelix, alemtuzumab, aminoglutethimide, Anastrozole, asparaginase, acetylsalicylic acid, ATRA, azacitidine, rhuMAb-VEGF, Bexarotene, bicalutamide, calcitriol, capecitabine, carboplatin, celecoxib, Cetuximab, chemotherapy, cholecalciferol, cis-platinum, cytosine arabinoside, Dasatinib, daunorubicin, Decitabine, Dx, epirubicin, Tarceva, Etoposide, Exemestane, flutamide, fulvestrant body, Gefitinib, gemcitabine, gonadorelin, goserelin, hydroxyurea, imatinib, irinotecan, lapatinibditosylate, letrozole, bright dried meat Li Te, liposome Dx, medroxyprogesterone, megestrol, Magace, methotrexate, mitomycin, Abraxane, Sostatin, oxaliplatin, taxol, Victibix, pegaspargase, pemetrexed, pentostatin, Xarelto, Sutent, tamoxifen, taxanes, Temozolomide, toremifene, Herceptin, VBMCP and vincristine(VCR).
Candidate therapeutic is similar with selecting, and the present invention also provides the method for whether cancer being treated on earth of determining.For example, prostate cancer can be noninvasive disease, and it may not injure in fact experimenter.The radiotherapy of following male sex hormone to remove (hormone reduction) is the standard method of the local advanced prostate cancer for the treatment of.The symptom of hormonotherapy comprises sexual dysfunction, hectic fever and hyposexuality.In addition, such as prostatectomy, such treatment can have such as sexual dysfunction or the such symptom of incontinence.Therefore, the invention provides the indication aggressive of cancer or progress (as by stages or grade) the biological marking.Non-Invasive cancer or localization cancer may be without treatments immediately but can be observed, as, to " observe wait for " of prostate cancer.And aggressive or late period focus need side by side carry out more positive treatment plan.
The example of detectable biomarker and can select or the example of the therapeutical agent that may be avoided is listed in table 9.For example,, for suffering from experimenter's identification of organism marking of prostate cancer, the level that the wherein said biological marking comprises androgen receptor (AR).AR cross express or excessive generation (such as the high level of mRNA level or protein level in vesica) for provide described experimenter candidate therapeutic determine.These treatments comprise the medicine that is used for the treatment of described experimenter, such as bicalutamide, flutamide, bright dried meat Li Te or goserelin.Therefore described experimenter is confirmed as the reactor for bicalutamide, flutamide, bright dried meat Li Te or goserelin.In another illustrative example, from detecting high-caliber BCRP mRNA, protein or both in suffering from experimenter's the vesica of NSCLC.Described experimenter thereby can be confirmed as the non-reactor of medicine cis-platinum and carboplatin, or described medicine is considered in described experimenter for treatment NSCLC effect lower than other medicines and is not selected for the described experimenter for the treatment of.Can in the vesica available from experimenter, assess following any biomarker, and described biomarker can be for including but not limited to the form of one or more nucleic acid, polypeptide, peptide or plan peptide material.In another illustrative example again, the sudden change of one or more in KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA and/or c-kit can be used for selecting candidate therapeutic.For example, in experimenter the sudden change of KRAS or BRAF can show Cetuximab and/or Victibix may be in the described experimenter for the treatment of poor efficiency comparatively.
Table 9: the example of biomarker, pedigree and medicine
Figure BPA0000186429140002291
Figure BPA0000186429140002311
Figure BPA0000186429140002321
Figure BPA0000186429140002331
Figure BPA0000186429140002341
Figure BPA0000186429140002351
Figure BPA0000186429140002361
Figure BPA0000186429140002371
Detectable biomarker and can being selected or the example of other therapeutical agent that may be avoided is listed in table 10 according to the described biological marking.For example, for suffering from cancered experimenter, what ADA in the vesica from experimenter, detected crosses expression for described experimenter is categorized as to the respondent for pentostatin, or for pentostatin being accredited as to the medicine that is used for the treatment of described experimenter.In another embodiment, for suffering from cancered experimenter, in the vesica from described experimenter, detect crossing of BCRP express for described experimenter is categorized as for cis-platinum, carboplatin, irinotecan and Hycamtin without respondent, this means that cis-platinum, carboplatin, irinotecan and Hycamtin are accredited as the medicine for treatment described experimenter non-the best.
Table 10: the example of biomarker, medicine and resistance
Figure BPA0000186429140002372
Figure BPA0000186429140002381
Figure BPA0000186429140002391
Associated and the regular U.S. Patent application 12/658,770 of submitting on February 12nd, 2010 that is found in of further medicine using in embodiment of the present invention; With the International PCT patent application PCT/US2010/000407 submitting on February 11st, 2010; International PCT patent application PCT/US2010/54366 that on October 27th, 2010 submits to; International PCT patent application PCT/US2012/041393 that International PCT patent application PCT/US2011/067527 that on December 28th, 2011 submits to and on June 7th, 2012 submit to; All application is incorporated to herein in full by reference.For example,, referring to " Table4:Rules Summary for Treatment Selection " in PCT/US2010/54366; " Table5:Rules Summary for Treatment Selection " in PCT/US2011/067527; With the table 7-12 in PCT/US2012/041393.
The associated target of medicine can be a part for the biological marking for treatment diagnosis is provided arbitrarily.Comprise and can use " can medication target (druggable target) " of target that therapeutical agent (such as small molecules and biological products) regulates to be included in the candidate in the biological marking of the present invention.The associated target of medicine also can comprise the biomarker that can cause the resistance to treatment, shown in table 9 and 10.The described biological marking can based on gene (as, DNA sequence dna) and/or gene product (as mRNA or protein) or as described in the associated target of medicine.Whether these nucleic acid and/or polypeptide can exist with regard to it, level or amount, activity, sudden change, sequence, haplotype, rearrangement, copy number or other applicable feature in can measurement features is carried out somatotype.Described gene or gene product can join with vesica cluster correlation, for example, and as vesica surface marker or vesica useful load.In one embodiment, the invention provides the method for the treatment of diagnosing cancer, it comprises the identification of organism marking (its comprise the associated targets of one or more medicines have situation or a level) and selects candidate therapeutic agent according to the described biological marking.The associated target of described medicine can be circulating biological mark, vesica or vesica associated biomolecule mark.Because the associated target of medicine may be irrelevant with tissue or cell source, therefore the biological marking that comprises the associated target of medicine can be used for providing the treatment diagnosis for any proliferative disease, such as the cancer from various different anatomic origins, comprise the cancer of unknown source, such as CUPS.
Use the associated target of medicine of method assessment of the present invention to include but not limited to: ABCC1, ABCG2, ACE2, ADA, ADH1C, ADH4, AGT, AR, AREG, ASNS, BCL2, BCRP, BDCA1, β III tubulin, BIRC5, B-RAF, BRCA1, BRCA2, CA2, caveolin, CD20, CD25, CD33, CD52, CDA, CDKN2A, CDKN1A, CDKN1B, CDK2, CDW52, CES2, CK14, CK17, CK5/6, c-KIT, c-Met, c-Myc, COX-2, cyclin D1, DCK, DHFR, DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, CAM 120/80, ECGF1, EGFR, EML4-ALK syzygy, EPHA2, epiregulin, ER, ER goes out R2, ERCC1, ERCC3, EREG, ESR1, FLT1, folacin receptor, FOLR1, FOLR2, FSHB, FSHPRH1, FSHR, FYN, GART, GNA11, GNAQ, GNRH1, GNRHR1, GSTP1, HCK, HDAC1, hENT-1, Her2/Neu, HGF, HIF1A, HIG1, HSP90, HSP90AA1, HSPCA, IGF-1R, IGFRBP, IGFRBP3, IGFRBP4, IGFRBP5, IL13RA1, IL2RA, KDR, Ki67, KIT, K-RAS, LCK, LTB, lymphotoxin-beta-receptor, LYN, MET, MGMT, MLH1, MMR, MRP1, MS4A1, MSH2, MSH5, Myc, NFKB1, NFKB2, NFKBIA, NRAS, ODC1, OGFR, p16, p21, p27, p53, p95, PARP-1, PDGFC, PDGFR, PDGFRA, PDGFRB, PGP, PGR, PI3K, POLA, POLA1, PPARG, PPARGC1, PR, PTEN, PTGS2, PTPN12, RAF1, RARA, ROS1, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B, RXRB, RXRG, SIK2, SPARC, SRC, SSTR1, SSTR2, SSTR3, SSTR4, SSTR5, Survivin, TK1, TLE3, TNF, TOP1, TOP2A, TOP2B, TS, TUBB3, TXN, TXNRD1, TYMS, VDR, VEGF, VEGFA, VEGFC, VHL, YES1 and ZAP70, and arbitrary combination.Comprise that the biological marking a kind of or combination in these marks can be used for characterizing according to the present invention phenotype, such as treatment diagnosis is provided.Known these marks play a role in the effect of multiple chemotherapeutics antagonism proliferative disease.Therefore, can assess to be independent of cancer source or type selecting candidate therapeutic for described cancer to described mark.In one embodiment, the invention provides the method for selecting candidate therapeutic agent for cancer, it comprises that evaluation comprises the associated level of target of one or more medicines or the biological marking of existence, and the expection effect for the experimenter with the described biological marking is selected candidate therapeutic agent according to it.The associated targets of described one or more medicines can be one of targets shown in listed or table 9-10 above.In some embodiments, at least 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,15,20,25,30,35,40,45 in the associated targets of described one or more medicines of assessment or at least 50 kinds.The associated targets of described one or more medicines can nucleic acid (as DNA, mRNA) or the form of protein relevant to vesica, for example, as vesica surface marker or vesica useful load.In some embodiments, existence or the level of the interactional microRNA of the associated target of known and described one or more medicines are assessed, wherein described in known inhibition, the high-level microRNA of the associated targets of one or more medicines can represent the lower expression of the associated targets of described one or more medicines, and pointed out thus may be lower to the reaction of the treatment for the associated target of described medicine.The associated target of described one or more medicines can be circulating biological mark.The associated target of described one or more medicines can be assessed in tissue sample.Can be by the existence of the associated targets of described one or more medicines and level be compared with reference point and are determined described expection effect, wherein pointing out described experimenter higher than the level of described reference may be respondent.Can use sorting algorithm to determine described expection effect, wherein by being respondent or being compared and train described sorter without the biological marking of the associated target of one or more medicines in respondent's experimenter for described candidate therapeutic known.The molecule of the associated targets of described one or more medicines and suitable candidate's target is associated to be shown in table 9-10 herein and the U.S. Patent application 12/658,770 of submission on February 12nd, 2010; International PCT patent application PCT/US2010/000407 that on February 11st, 2010 submits to; International PCT patent application PCT/US2010/54366 that on October 27th, 2010 submits to; On April 6th, 2011 submits to and denomination of invention is the international patent application series No.PCT/US2011/031479 of " Circulating Biomarkers for Disease "; On December 28th, 2011 submits to and denomination of invention is: MOLECULAR PROFILING OF CANCER " international patent application series No.PCT/US2011/067527; And among the U.S. Provisional Patent Application 61/427,788 of submission on December 28th, 2010; All application is incorporated to herein in full by reference.
The table 11 of international patent application series No.PCT/US2011/031479, provides many treatment diagnosis target target genes that the method according to this invention analyzes and corresponding protein code name and the list of title.Understand according to those skilled in the art, gene and protein develop out a large amount of substituting titles in scientific and technical literature.Therefore, the list in the table 2 of the table 11 of PCT/US2011/031479 and PCT/US2011/067527 has comprised illustrative but the gathering of non-limit.Gene another name and the further list of describing can be used multiple online database to obtain, and it comprises
Figure BPA0000186429140002431
(www.genecards.org), HUGO Gene Nomenclature (www.genenames.org), Entrez Gene (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi? db=gene), UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (www.uniprot.org), UniProtKB/TrEMBL (www.uniprot.org), OMIM (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi? db=OMIM), GeneLoc (genecards.weizmann.ac.il/geneloc/) and Ensembl (www.ensembl.org).Usually, code name and title that gene code name below and title are checked and approved corresponding to HUGU conventionally, and protein title is the title of being advised by UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.Conventional designate is also provided.In the situation that protein title represents precursor, also comprise ripe protein.In the application's full text, gene and protein code name use interchangeably and described implication can be known by inference from context where necessary.
As explanation, can select treatment for suffering from the experimenter of nonsmall-cell lung cancer.Can be from assessing one or more biomarkers from described experimenter's vesica, such as, but not limited to, cross complementary group 1 (ERCC1), p53, Ras, p27, III beta tubulin, mastocarcinoma gene 1 (BRCA1), mastocarcinoma gene 1 (BRCA2) and ribonucleoside reductase enzyme courier 1 (RRM1) are repaired in EGFR, excision.According to one or more features of described one or more biomarkers, described experimenter can be defined as for the respondent for the treatment of (such as, but not limited to Tarceva, carboplatin, taxol, Gefitinib or its combination) or without respondent.
In another embodiment, can be the experimenter who suffers from colorectal carcinoma and select treatment, and can be from the vesica assessment biomarker from described experimenter, such as, but not limited to K-ras.According to one or more features of described one or more biomarkers, described experimenter can be defined as for the respondent for the treatment of (such as, but not limited to Victibix, Cetuximab or its combination) or without respondent.
In another embodiment, can select treatment for suffering from the experimenter of mammary cancer.Can be from assessing one or more biomarkers from described experimenter's vesica, such as, but not limited to HER2, topoisomerase II α, estrogen receptor and progestin acceptor.According to one or more features of described one or more biomarkers, described experimenter can be defined as for the respondent for the treatment of (such as, but not limited to Herceptin, anthracycline, Taxan, methotrexate, Fluracil or its combination) or without respondent.
As described, the biological marking that is used for the treatment of diagnosing cancer can comprise the analysis to one or more biomarkers (it can be protein or nucleic acid), comprises mRNA or microRNA.Described biomarker can be in body fluid, detected, and/or the biomarker relevant to vesica can be detected, as, as vesica antigen or vesica useful load.In an illustrative example, the described biological marking is for being accredited as experimenter for the respondent of tyrosine kinase inhibitor or without respondent.Described biomarker can be the WO/2010/121238 that is entitled as " METHODS AND KITS TO PREDICT THERAPEUTIC OUTCOME OF TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS " submitting on April 19th, 2010; Or one or more biomarkers of describing in the WO/2009/105223 that is entitled as " SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF CANCER STAGING AND TREATMENT " of submission on February 19th, 2009, two applications are all incorporated to herein in full by reference.
In one aspect, the invention provides mensuration experimenter responds or unresponsive method for tyrosine kinase inhibitor possibility, described method is included in the vesica colony from described experimenter's sample and identifies one or more biomarkers, wherein with reference to compared with the differential expression of described one or more biomarkers in described sample show that described experimenter is respondent or without respondent for described tyrosine kinase inhibitor.In one embodiment, described one or more biomarkers comprise miR-497, and it is respondent's (, for described tyrosine kinase inhibitor sensitivity) that described experimenter is indicated in the reduction that wherein miR-497 expresses.In another embodiment, described one or more biomarkers comprise one or more in miR-21, miR-23a, miR-23b and miR-29b, it may be without respondent (, described tyrosine kinase inhibitor being had to resistance) that described experimenter is indicated in the rise of wherein said microRNA.In some embodiments, described one or more biomarkers comprise one or more in hsa-miR-029a, hsa-let-7d, hsa-miR-100, hsa-miR-1260, hsa-miR-025, hsa-let-7i, hsa-miR-146a, hsa-miR-594-Pre, hsa-miR-024, FGFR1, MET, RAB25, EGFR, KIT and VEGFR2.In another embodiment, described one or more biomarkers comprise FGF1, HOXC10 or LHFP, wherein said biomarker to indicate described experimenter compared with high expression level be without respondent (, described tyrosine kinase inhibitor being had to resistance).Described method can be used for measuring the susceptibility of cancer for described tyrosine kinase inhibitor, for example, and non-small cell lung cancer cell, kidney or GIST.Described tyrosine kinase inhibitor can be Tarceva, ZD6474, Sutent and/or Xarelto, or by other inhibitor of similar effect mechanism works.Tyrosine kinase inhibitor comprises any medicine that suppresses the effect of one or more Tyrosylprotein kinases with specificity or non-specific mode.Tyrosine kinase inhibitor comprises small molecules, antibody, peptide or suitable entity arbitrarily, its directly, indirectly, allosteric ground or suppress the phosphorylation of tyrosine residues with any alternate manner.The particular instance of tyrosine kinase inhibitor comprises N-(trifluoromethyl)-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-methane amide, 3-[(2, 4-dimethyl pyrrole-5-yl) methylene radical) Indolin-2-one, 17-(allylamino)-17-AAG, 4-(the chloro-4-fluorophenyl of 3-amino)-7-methoxyl group-6-[3-(4-morpholinyl) propoxy-] q-quinazoline, N-(3-ethynyl phenyl)-6, 7-bis-(2-methoxy ethoxy)-4-quinazoline amine, BIBX1382, 2, 3, 9, 10, 11, 12-six hydrogen-10-(methylol)-10-hydroxyl-9-methyl-9, 12-epoxy-y-1H- [1,2,3-fg:3 ', 2 ', 1 '-kl] pyrrolo-[3,4-i] [1,6] benzo diamino Fang Xin-1-ketone, SH268, genistein, STI571, CEP2563, 4-(3-chloro-phenyl-amino)-5, and 6-dimethyl-7H-pyrrolo-[2,3-d) pyrimidine methane sulfonate, 4-(the bromo-4-hydroxy phenyl of 3-) amido-6,7-dimethoxy quinazoline, 4-(4 '-hydroxy phenyl) amido-6,7-dimethoxy quinazoline, SU6668, STI571A, N-4-chloro-phenyl--4-(4-pyridylmethyl)-1-phthalazines amine (phthalazinamine), N-[2-(diethylin) ethyl]-5-[(z)-(5-fluoro-1,2-dihydro-2-oxo--3H-indoles-3-subunit) methyl]-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxamide (being commonly referred to Sutent), the chloro-3-of A-[-A-[[4-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl]-carbamyl amino]-phenoxy group }-N-methyl-pyridine-2-carboxamide (being commonly referred to Xarelto), EMD121974 and N-(3-ethynyl phenyl)-6, two (2-methoxy ethoxy) quinazoline-4-amine (conventionally claiming Tarceva) of 7-.In some embodiments, described tyrosine kinase inhibitor has and suppresses active for EGF-R ELISA (EGFR), VEGFR, PDGFR β and/or FLT3.
Therefore, can according to the biology of identifying by method of the present invention be imprinted as suffer from cancered experimenter select treatment.Therefore, the described biological marking can comprise circulating biological mark existence or the level of (comprising microRNA, vesica or any available vesica associated biomolecule mark).
Can use method of the present invention to be described in international patent application series No.PCT/US2011/031479 that on April 6th, 2011 submits to and that denomination of invention is " Circulating Biomarkers for Disease " for the biomarker of the treatment diagnosis of other diseases (comprising cardiovascular disorder, sacred disease and imbalance, Immunological diseases and imbalance and transmissible disease), this application is all incorporated herein by quoting.
The biological marking is found
The system and method providing herein can be for the identification of the true tumor marking of vesica, as the true tumor mark of one or more diagnosis for phenotype, prognosis or treatment diagnosis.In one embodiment, can separate one or more vesicas from thering is the experimenter of phenotype, and determine the biological marking of these one or more vesicas.The described biological marking can compare with the experimenter without described phenotype.Can determine two kinds of differences between the biological marking and be used to form the new biological marking.Then the new biological marking can be for the identification of another experimenter for having described phenotype or not having described phenotype.
Can compare with the biological marking of the experimenter from not thering is particular phenotype from the difference having between experimenter's the biological marking of particular phenotype.One or more differences can be the difference of any feature of vesica.For example, in sample the metabolic half life of the circulating half-life of the transformation period of the level of vesica or amount, vesica, vesica, vesica or vesica active or its be combined in from have particular phenotype experimenter the biological marking from can be different between experimenter's the biological marking of particular phenotype from not having.
In some embodiments, one or more biomarkers at experimenter's the biological marking from thering is particular phenotype from different from not having between experimenter's the biological marking of particular phenotype.For example, the expression level of one or more biomarkers, existence, do not exist, sudden change, variant, copy number variation, truncate, copy, modification, molecular association or its any be combined in from have particular phenotype experimenter the biological marking from can be different between experimenter's the biological marking of particular phenotype from not having.Described biomarker can be disclosed herein or can be for any biomarker of characterising biological entity, comprise circulating biological mark, as in protein or microRNA, vesica or vesica or the composition existing on vesica, for example, as any nucleic acid (, RNA or DNA), protein, peptide, polypeptide, antigen, lipid, carbohydrate or proteoglycan.
In one aspect, the invention provides the method for finding the true tumor marking, comprise that the biomarker between two or more sample sets of comparison demonstrates the biomarker of difference between sample sets with evaluation.Can evaluate multiple markers to improve potentially the performance of single mark with group's form.In some embodiments, evaluate multiple markers in multiple mode.Can evaluate by statistics discriminatory analysis or sorting technique used herein the ability of single mark and mark group differentiation group.Best mark group can carry out the phenotype of phenetic analysis as the biological marking, as diagnosis, prognosis or the treatment diagnosis of disease or illness are provided.Optimization can be based on various standards, include but not limited to maximize sensitivity under ROC AUC, accuracy, specific specificity or the specificity under particular sensitivity.Described group can comprise from polytype biomarker.For example, the described biological marking can comprise the vesica antigen that can be used for target acquisition vesica colony, and the described biological marking may further include the intragroup useful load mark of vesica, includes but not limited to microRNA, mRNA or soluble proteins.Optimum combination can be accredited as those vesica antigens and the useful load mark when two kinds of comparisons arrange with the highest ROC AUC value.As another example, except evaluate by separate exosome not obtainable circulating biological mark (as, circulating protein matter and/or microRNA) in addition, determine the described biological marking by evaluating vesica colony.
Phenotype can be listed any in those herein, for example, and listed those in " phenotype " part above.For example, phenotype can be proliferative imbalance, as cancer or non-malignant growth, perinatal period or pregnancy-related disorders, transmissible disease, nervous disorder, cardiovascular disorder, inflammatory diseases, Immunological diseases or autoimmune disease.Cancer includes but not limited to lung cancer, nonsmall-cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer (comprises small cell carcinoma (oat-cell carcinoma), mix minicell/large cell carcinoma and Combination small cell carcinoma), colorectal carcinoma, mammary cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, carcinoma of the pancreas, the cancer of the brain, kidney, ovarian cancer, cancer of the stomach, melanoma, osteocarcinoma, the cancer of stomach, mammary cancer, glioma, glioblastoma multiforme, hepatocellular carcinoma, corpora mammillaria kidney, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, leukemia, lymphoma, myelomatosis or other noumenal tumour.
Any biomarker of described type or herein described particular organisms mark can be used as the part of the biological marking and assess.Exemplary biomarker includes but not limited to those in table 3 and 5.Mark in these tables can be for catching and/or detect the vesica for characterizing phenotype, as disclosed herein.In some cases, use multiple trapping agent and/or detection agent to characterize to strengthen.Mark can be used as protein or detects as mRNA, its can be freely circulate or in mixture.Mark can be used as vesica surface antigen or detects with vesica useful load." illustrative classification " represents that described mark is the indication of markers with known.Technician will recognize in particular case, and mark also can be in optional setting.For example, can also can be for characterizing another kind of disease for the mark of the disease that characterizes one type.
Can evaluate biomarker or the particular organisms mark described herein of any described type and find the new biological marking, for example, the biomarker in table 3-5.In one embodiment, select the biomarker for finding to comprise herein listed cell-specific biomarker, Fig. 1-60 of the international patent application series No.PCT/US2011/031479 (this application is incorporated to by incorporated) that the denomination of invention that includes but not limited to submission on April 6th, 2011 is " Circulating Biomarkers for Disease ", listed gene and microRNA in table 9-10 or table 16.Described biomarker can comprise targets one or more disease-relateds, that medicine is relevant or prognosis, as listed in table 11.Described biomarker can comprise one or more general vesica marks, one or more cell-specific vesica marks and/or one or more disease specific vesica marks.
Table 11: disease-and medicine-relevant biomarker
Figure BPA0000186429140002471
Figure BPA0000186429140002481
Figure BPA0000186429140002491
Figure BPA0000186429140002501
Figure BPA0000186429140002511
Figure BPA0000186429140002521
Figure BPA0000186429140002531
Figure BPA0000186429140002541
Figure BPA0000186429140002551
The biomarker of finding for the biological marking can comprise the mark relevant to vesica conventionally, includes but not limited to one or more vesica biomarkers in table 3 or 5.Other biological mark can be selected from those disclosed in the ExoCarta database that can obtain at exocarta.ludwig.edu.au, and it discloses protein and the RNA molecule in vesica, identified.Can also be referring to Mathivanan and Simpson, ExoCarta:A compendium of exosomal proteins and RNA.Proteomics.2009 November, 9 (21): 4997-5000.
The biomarker of finding for the biological marking can comprise the mark relevant to vesica conventionally, includes but not limited to A33, a33n15, AFP, ALA, ALIX, ALP, annexin V, APC, ASCA, ASPH (246-260), ASPH (666-680), ASPH (A-10), ASPH (D01P), ASPH (D03), ASPH (G-20), ASPH (H-300), AURKA, AURKB, B7H3, B7H4, BCA-225, BCNP, BCNP1, BDNF, BRCA, CA125 (MUC16), CA-19-9, C-Bir, CD1.1, CD10, (Lewis y) for CD174, CD24, CD44, CD46, CD59 (MEM-43), CD63, CD66e CEA, CD73, CD81, CD9, CDA, CDAC11a2, CEA, C-Erb2, C-erbB2, CRMP-2, CRP, CXCL12, CYFRA21-1, DLL4, DR3, EGFR, Epcam, EphA2, EphA2 (H-77), ER, ErbB4, EZH2, FASL, FRT, FRT c.F23, GDF15, GPCR, GPR30, Gro-α, HAP, HBD1, HBD2, HER3 (ErbB3), HSP, HSP70, hVEGFR2, iC3b, IL6Unc, IL-1B, IL6Unc, IL6R, IL8, IL-8, INSIG-2, KLK2, L1CAM, LAMN, LDH, MACC-1, MAPK4, MART-1, MCP-1, M-CSF, MFG-E8, MIC1, MIF, MIS RII, MMG, MMP26, MMP7, MMP9, MS4A1, MUC1, MUC1seq1, MUC1seq11A, MUC17, MUC2, Ncam, NGAL, NPGP/NPFF2, OPG, OPN, p53, p53, PA2G4, PBP, PCSA, PDGFRB, PGP9.5, PIM1, PR (B), PRL, PSA, PSMA, PSME3, PTEN, R5-CD9Tube1, Reg IV, RUNX2, SCRN1, seprase, SERPINB3, SPARC, SPB, SPDEF, SRVN, STAT3, STEAP1, TF (FL-295), TFF3, TGM2, TIMP-1, TIMP1, TIMP2, TMEM211, TMPRSS2, TNF-α, Trail-R2, Trail-R4, TrKB, TROP2, Tsg101, TWEAK, UNC93A, one or more in VEGF A and YPSMA-1.Described biomarker can comprise NSE, TRIM29, CD63, CD151, ASPH, LAMP2, TSPAN1, SNAIL, CD45, CKS1, NSE, FSHR, OPN, FTH1, PGP9, ANNEXIN1, SPD, CD81, EPCAM, PTH1R, CEA, CYTO7, CCL2, SPA, KRAS, TWIST1, AURKB, MMP9, P27, MMP1, HLA, HIF, CEACAM, CENPH, BTUB, INTG b4, EGFR, NACC1, CYTO18, NAP2, CYTO19, ANNEXINV, TGM2, ERB2, BRCA1, B7H3, SFTPC, PNT, NCAM, MS4A1, P53, INGA3, MUC2, SPA, OPN, CD63, CD9, MUC1, UNCR3, PAN ADH, HCG, TIMP, PSMA, GPCR, RACK1, PCSA, VEGF, BMP2, CD81, CRP, PRO GRP, B7H3, MUC1, M2PK, CD9, one or more in PCSA and PSMA.Described biomarker can also comprise one or more in TFF3, MS4A1, EphA2, GAL3, EGFR, N-gal, PCSA, CD63, MUC1, TGM2, CD81, DR3, MACC-1, TrKB, CD24, TIMP-1, A33, CD66CEA, PRL, MMP9, MMP7, TMEM211, SCRN1, TROP2, TWEAK, CDACC1, UNC93A, APC, C-Erb, CD10, BDNF, FRT, GPR30, P53, SPR, OPN, MUC2, GRO-1, tsg101 and GDF15.In embodiments, described for finding that the biomarker of the biological marking comprises those one or more shown in Figure 99,100,108A-C, 114A and/or 115A-E that on April 6th, 2011 submits to and international patent application series No.PCT/US2011/031479 that denomination of invention is " Circulating Biomakers for disease ".
Described mark can comprise one or more in NY-ESO-1, SSX-2, SSX-4, XAGE-lb, AMACR, p90 autoantigen, LEDGF.Referring to Xie etc., Joumal ofTranslational Medicine2011,9:43, is incorporated herein this publication in full by quoting.Described mark can comprise one or more in STEAP and EzH2.Referring to Hayashi etc., Journal of Translational Medicine2011,9:191, is incorporated herein this publication in full by quoting.Described mark can comprise the one or more members in miR-183-96-182 bunch (miR-183,96 and 182, it is as bunch expressing and a consensus sequence similarity) or Zinc transporter (as, hzIP1).Referring to, Mihelich etc., The miR-183-96-182cluster is overexpressed in prostate tissue and regulates zinc homeostasis in prostate cells.J Bio1Chem.2011 .[electronics on November 1 is disclosed in before printing], this publication is incorporated herein by quoting in full.
Described mark can comprise one or more in RAD23B, FBP1, TNFRSF1A, CCNG2, NOTCH3, ETV1, BID, SIM2, LETMD1, ANXA1, miR-519d and miR-647.Described mark can comprise one or more in RAD23B, FBP1, TNFRSF1A, NOTCH3, ETV1, BID, SIM2, ANXA1 and BCL2.Referring to Long etc., Am J Pathol.2011Jul; 179 (1): 46-54, is incorporated herein this publication in full by quoting.Described mark can comprise one or more in ANPEP, ABL1, PSCA, EFNA1, HSPB1, INMT and TRIP13.Referring to Larkin etc., British Journal of Cancer (2011), 1-9.These marks can be used as RNA or protein is assessed.In one embodiment, one or more in these marks are for predicting the recurrence of prostate cancer.In another embodiment, assessment ANPEP and ABL1 or ANPEP and PSCA predict aggressive.
Those skilled in the art will recognize that any mark disclosed herein or that can compare can be for finding for any given biological true tumor marking arranging that can compare between two target sample or sample sets, for example, healthy vs. is ill, the early stage disease of vs. in late period, the non-respondent of medicine respondent vs., disease 1vs. disease 2 etc.Then can carry out selection marker thing individually or as group, as one or more marks disclosed herein, as disclosed in table 5 or 11, can be for characterizing the biological marking of phenotype to form.
Then one or more differences are used to form to the biological marking of candidate for particular phenotype, as the diagnosis of illness, disease or the diagnosis in illness stage, the prognosis of illness or the treatment of illness diagnosis.Then can be by the new biological marking phenotype for the identification of other experimenters.Can be identified for the biological marking of new experimenter's vesica, and compare to determine whether experimenter has the particular phenotype of the true tumor marking from its evaluation with the true tumor marking.
For example, the biological marking of suffering from cancered experimenter can be compared with another not cancered experimenter.Any difference can be used to form the true tumor marking for cancer diagnosis.In another embodiment, the experimenter's who suffers from terminal cancer the biological marking can be compared with another experimenter who suffers from the cancer that developmental stage is lower.Any difference can be used to form the true tumor marking for carcinoma stage classification.In another embodiment again, the experimenter's who suffers from terminal cancer the biological marking can be compared with another experimenter who suffers from the cancer that developmental stage is lower.Any difference can be used to form the true tumor marking for carcinoma stage classification.
In one embodiment, phenotype is resistance or the non-response to treatment.Can be from the non-respondent of particular treatment being separated to the biological marking of one or more vesicas and definite vesica.The biological marking of the vesica available from non-respondent can be compared with the biological marking available from respondent.Can compare with the biological marking from respondent from the difference between non-respondent's the biological marking.One or more differences can be the difference of any feature of vesica.For example, active or its arbitrary combination of the metabolic half life of the circulating half-life of the transformation period of the level of the vesica in sample or amount, vesica, vesica, vesica, vesica is at the biological marking from non-respondent with can be different between from respondent's the biological marking.
In some embodiments, one or more biomarkers are different at the biological marking from non-respondent and between from respondent's the biological marking.For example, the expression level of one or more biomarkers, existence, do not exist, sudden change, variant, copy number variation, truncate, copy, modification, molecular association or its any being combined in from non-respondent's the biological marking with from can be different between respondent's the biological marking.
In some embodiments, difference can be the medicine that exists in vesica or the amount of drug metabolite.Respondent and non-respondent can treat with therapeutical agent.Can carry out from respondent's the biological marking with from the comparison between non-respondent's the biological marking, the medicine existing in the vesica from respondent or the amount of drug metabolite are different from the amount of the medicine existing in non-respondent or drug metabolite.Difference can also be the transformation period of medicine or drug metabolite.The amount of medicine or drug metabolite or the difference of transformation period can be used to form the true tumor marking of identifying non-respondent and respondent.
Can be used for the vesica in described method and composition herein by utilizing physicochemical characteristic to find.For example, can, by size, for example, by filtering the biological substance that known diameter scope is 30-120nm, find vesica.Based on big or small discover method, as differential centrifugation, sucrose gradient centrifugation or filtration, for the separation of vesica.
Can assign to find vesica by its group of molecules.Discover method based on molecular characterization includes, but not limited to the immune separation of the antibody that uses the molecule that identification is relevant to vesica.For example, the surface molecular relevant to vesica includes, but not limited to MHC-II molecule, CD63, CD81, LAMP-1, Rab7 or Rab5.
Various techniques known in the art are applicable to checking and the sign of vesica.Can be used for the checking of vesica and the technology of sign comprises, but be not limited to, western trace, electron microscope, immunohistochemistry, immunoelectron microscope, FACS (fluorescence-activated cell sorting), electrophoresis (1 dimension, 2 dimensions), liquid chromatography, mass spectrum, MALDI-TOF (substance assistant laser desorpted/ionization-flight time), ELISA, LC-MS-MS and nESI (nanometer electron spray ionisation).For example, U.S. patent No.2009/0148460 has described and has characterized vesica by ELISA method.U.S. patent No.2009/0258379 has described from biofluid separatory membrane vesica.
Can further analyze one or more nucleic acid, lipid, protein or the polypeptide of vesica, as surface protein or peptide, or protein or peptide in vesica.Can identify candidate's peptide by various technology, comprise the mass spectrum with purification process (as, liquid chromatography) coupling.Then can isolated peptides, and identify its sequence by order-checking.The computer program of the exact mass forecasting sequence based on peptide also can be for disclosing the sequence of the peptide separating from vesica.For example, LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrum can be for the peptide sequencing of highly sensitive and high accuracy.Described LTQ-Orbitrap method (Simpson etc., Expert Rev.Proteomics6:267-283,2009), it is incorporated herein by reference of text.
Vesicle
The vesica of the separation with the particular organisms marking is also provided herein.The vesica separating can comprise specific cell type-specific or for characterizing one or more biomarkers or the biological marking of phenotype, as described above.The vesica separating can also comprise one or more biomarkers, wherein be derived from normal cell (, from experimenter's the cell without target phenotype) separation vesica compare, the expression level of described one or more biomarkers of the vesica of separation is higher, lower or identical.For example, the vesica of separation can comprise one or more biomarkers that are selected from table 5.In one embodiment, described one or more biomarkers are selected from: one or more biomarkers in B7H3, PSCA, MFG-E8, Rab, STEAP, PSMA, PCSA, 5T4, miR-9, miR-629, miR-141, miR-671-3p, miR-491, miR-182, miR-125a-3p, miR-324-5p, miR-148b and miR-222, wherein, compared with being derived from Normocellular vesica, the expression level of one or more biomarkers of the vesica of described separation is higher.Described biomarker can comprise one or more in ADAM-10, BCNP, CD9, EGFR, EpCam, IL1B, KLK2, MMP7, p53, PBP, PCSA, SERPINB3, SPDEF, SSX2 and SSX4.For example, described biomarker can be one or more in EGFR, EpCAM, KLK2, PBP, SPDEF, SSX2 and SSX4.The vesica of described separation can comprise and is selected from least 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,13,14,15,16,17,18 in described group or 19 kind of biomarker.The vesica of described separation can further comprise one or more biomarkers that are selected from EpCam, B7H3, PSMA, PSCA, PCSA, CD63, CD59, CD81 or CD9.The vesica of described separation can be PCSA+, Muc2+, Adam10+ vesica.The vesica of described separation can be MMP7+ vesica.The vesica of described separation can be Ago+ vesica.
The composition of the vesica that comprises separation is also provided herein.Described composition can comprise the vesica of one or more separation.For example, described composition can comprise one or more colonies of multiple vesica or vesica.Described composition can be the obvious enrichment of vesica.For example, substantially there is not cell debris, cell, non-exosome protein, peptide or nucleic acid (biomolecules for example not comprising in described vesica) in described composition.Described cell debris, cell, non-exosome protein, peptide or nucleic acid may be present in biological sample together with vesica.Substantially do not exist the composition of cell debris, cell, non-exosome protein, peptide or nucleic acid (for example non-biological molecule being contained in described vesica) to obtain by any method disclosed herein, for example, by using one or more bonding agents or the trapping agent for one or more vesicas.Described vesica can account at least 30,40,50,60,70,80,90,95 or 99% of the weight of total composition or quality.The vesica of described composition can be vesica heterogeneous or homogeneous colony.For example, the vesica colony of homogeneous comprises the vesica for homogeneous for one or more character or feature.For example, one or more described features can be selected from: one or more identical biomarkers, the similar or consistent biological marking, the vesica that is derived from identical cell type, specific size and their combination substantially.
Therefore, in some embodiments, the vesica colony that described composition comprises obvious enrichment.Described composition can for regard to one or more character or feature at least 30,40,50,60,70,80,90,95 or the vesica colony of 99% homogeneous be enrichment.For example, one or more described features can be selected from: one or more identical biomarkers, the similar or consistent biological marking, the vesica that is derived from identical cell type, specific size and their combination substantially.For example, described vesica colony can be by all thering is the specific biological marking, there is identical biomarker, there is identical biomarker combinations or be derived from identical cell type and become homogeneous.In some embodiments, described composition comprises the vesica colony of homogeneous substantially, for example, has the particular organisms marking, is derived from specific cell or the colony of these two.
Vesica colony can comprise one or more identical biomarkers.Described biomarker can be any composition, for example, and any nucleic acid (for example RNA or DNA), protein, peptide, polypeptide, antigen, lipid, carbohydrate or proteoglycan.For example, the each vesica in colony can comprise one or more identical or consistent biomarkers.In some embodiments, each vesica comprises identical 1,2,3,4,5,6,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,25,50,75 or 100 kind of biomarker.
The vesica colony that comprises identical or consistent biomarker can comprise the each vesica in described colony there is the existence of identical described biomarker or do not exist, expression level, mutation status or modification.For example, the vesica colony of enrichment can comprise that the identical biomarker that each vesica wherein has existence, the identical biomarker of shortage, identical biomarker expression level, identical biomarker are modified or the vesica of identical biomarker sudden change.The identical expression level of biomarker can specified amount or qualitative measure, for example, compared with reference level, the vesica in described colony for biomarker be express not enough, cross express or there is identical expression level.
Or the identical expression level of biomarker can be for representative be for the numerical value of the similar biomarker expression of each vesica in colony.For example, the level of the copy number of the miRNA of each vesica, the amount of protein or mRNA can quantitatively be similar to for the each vesica in colony, the amount of each other vesica in the quantitative value of each vesica and described colony is differed ± 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,15 or 20%, as long as this variation is suitable.
In some embodiments, the vesica colony that described composition comprises obvious enrichment, wherein the vesica in described enrichment colony has the substantially similar or consistent biological marking.The described biological marking can comprise one or more vesica features, Time evaluation, circulating vesica transformation period, the metabolic half life of vesica or the activity of vesica of the level of for example vesica or amount, the variation of vesica transformation period.The described biological marking can also comprise the existence of biomarker or do not exist, expression level, mutation status or modification, all as described herein those.
In described colony, the biological marking of each vesica can at least 30,40,50,60,70,80,90,95 or 99% identical.In some embodiments, the biology of each vesica is imprinted as 100% identical.In the colony of described enrichment, the biological marking of each vesica can have identical a kind, 2 kinds, 3 kinds, 4 kinds, 5 kinds, 6 kinds, 3 kinds, 4 kinds, 5 kinds, 6 kinds, 7 kinds, 8 kinds, 9 kinds, 10 kinds, 11 kinds, 12 kinds, 13 kinds, 14 kinds, 15 kinds, 16 kinds, 17 kinds, 18 kinds, 19 kinds, 20 kinds, 25 kinds, 50 kinds, 75 kinds or 100 kinds of features.For example, in the colony of enrichment, the biological marking of vesica can be that the first biomarker exists, the second biomarker exists and the 3rd biomarker expression deficiency.Another vesica in identical colony can be 100% identical, has identical the first and second biomarkers and the 3rd biomarker expression deficiency of existence.Or the vesica in same community can have the first and second identical biomarkers, still there is no the expression deficiency of the 3rd biomarker.
In some embodiments, the vesica colony that described composition comprises obvious enrichment, wherein said vesica is derived from identical cell type.For example, the cell that described vesica can all be derived from the cell of particular organization, originate from from cell, circulating tumor cell or parent or the fetus of specific objective tumour or target disease tissue.Described vesica can all be derived from tumour cell.Described vesica can all be derived from identical tissue or cell, includes but not limited to lung, pancreas, stomach, intestines, bladder, kidney, ovary, testis, skin, colorectum, mammary gland, prostate gland, brain, oesophagus, liver, placenta or fetal cell.
The composition of the vesica colony that comprises obvious enrichment can also comprise the vesica of specific size.For example, described vesica can all have and is greater than approximately 10,20 or the diameter of 30nm.They can all have about 10-1000nm, for example, and the diameter of about 30-800nm, about 30-200nm or about 30-100nm.In some embodiments, described vesica can all have the diameter that is less than 10,000nm, 1000nm, 800nm, 500nm, 200nm, 100nm or 50nm.
For one or more features for the vesica colony of homogeneous can account for described composition total vesica colony at least about 30,40,50,60,70,80,90,95 or 99%.In some embodiments, in the biological sample that the composition of the vesica colony that comprises obvious enrichment is originated with described composition compared with the concentration of vesica, the vesica concentration that the former comprises at least 2,3,4,5,10,20,25,50,100,250,500 or 1000 times.In other embodiment again, described composition can further comprise the vesica colony of the second enrichment, and wherein for one or more features as described herein, described vesica colony is at least 30% homogeneous.
Can obtain for for example, more than the obviously composition of enrichment of a kind of vesica colony (at least 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 kind of vesica colony) with multiple analysis.The vesica colony of each obvious enrichment can account at least 5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,46,47,48 or 49% of the weight of described composition or quality.In some embodiments, obviously the vesica colony of enrichment account for the weight of described composition or quality at least about 30,40,50,60,70,80,90,95 or 99%.
Obviously the vesica colony of enrichment can be by obtaining by one or more methods disclosed herein, technique or system.For example, can implement by using for one or more bonding agents of one or more biomarkers of vesica by separating vesica colony in sample, for example, use target in two or more bonding agents of two or more biomarkers of vesica.Can obtain with one or more trapping agents the vesica colony of obvious enrichment.Can identify by one or more detection reagent the vesica colony of obvious enrichment.
In one embodiment, the vesica colony that has a particular organisms marking obtains by using for one or more bonding agents of the biomarker of the described biological marking.Can separate described vesica, thereby obtain comprising the composition of the vesica colony of the obvious enrichment with the particular organisms marking.In another embodiment, have the biological marking of specific objective vesica colony can by use for and one or more bonding agents of the biomarker of the composition of the nontarget organism marking obtain.Therefore, described bonding agent can be for removing the vesica without the target organism marking, and the composition of gained is obvious enrichment for having the vesica colony of the biological marking of specific objective.The composition of gained can substantially not exist comprise described bonding agent for the vesica of biomarker.
On April 6th, 2011 submits to and denomination of invention is the international patent application series No.PCT/US2011/031479 of " Circulating Biomarkers for Disease ", and this application is all incorporated herein by quoting.
Detection system and test kit
The detection system that is configured to one or more biological markings of determining vesica is also provided.This detection system can be for detection of heterogeneous vesica colony or one or more homogeneous vesica colonies.Described detection system can be configured to detect multiple vesica, the biological marking that at least one subgroup of wherein said multiple vesica comprises another subgroup that is different from described multiple vesica.Described detection system detects at least 2 kinds, 3 kinds, 4 kinds, 5 kinds, 6 kinds, 7 kinds, 8 kinds, 9 kinds, 10 kinds, 15 kinds, 20 kinds, 25 kinds, 30 kinds, 40 kinds, 50 kinds, 60 kinds, 70 kinds, 80 kinds, 90 kinds or 100 kinds of different vesica subgroups, and wherein each vesica subgroup comprises the different biological markings.For example, detection system (for example having used one or more methods disclosed herein, technique and composition) can be for detection of at least 2 kinds, 3 kinds, 4 kinds, 5 kinds, 6 kinds, 7 kinds, 8 kinds, 9 kinds, 10 kinds, 15 kinds, 20 kinds, 25 kinds, 30 kinds, 40 kinds, 50 kinds, 60 kinds, 70 kinds, 80 kinds, 90 kinds or 100 kinds of different vesica colonies.
Described detection system can be configured to assess at least 2 kinds, 3 kinds, 4 kinds, 5 kinds, 6 kinds, 7 kinds, 8 kinds, 9 kinds, 10 kinds, 15 kinds, 20 kinds, 25 kinds, 30 kinds, 40 kinds, 50 kinds, 60 kinds, 70 kinds, 80 kinds, 90 kinds, 100 kinds, 1000 kinds, 2500 kinds, 5000 kinds, 7500 kinds, 10 of one or more vesicas, 000 kind, 100,000 kind, 150,000 kind, 200,000 kind, 250,000 kind, 300,000 kind, 350,000 kind, 400,000 kinds, 450,000 kinds, 500,000 kind, 750,000 kind or 1,000,000 kind of different biomarker.In some embodiments, one or more described biomarkers are selected from any in 3-5 of table, or biomarker as disclosed herein.Described detection system can be configured to assess specific vesica colony, for example, from the vesica in specific cells source; Or for assessment of multiple specific vesica colony, wherein each vesica colony has the specific biological marking.
Described detection system can be low density detection system or high-density detection system.For example, low density detection system can detect the most nearly a kind, 2 kinds, 3 kinds, 4 kinds, 5 kinds, 6 kinds, 7 kinds, 8 kinds, 9 kinds or 10 kinds of different vesica colonies, and high-density detection system can detect at least about 15 kinds, 20 kinds, 25 kinds, 50 kinds or 100 kinds of different vesica colonies.In another embodiment, low density detection system can detect up to about 100 kinds, 200 kinds, 300 kinds, 400 kinds or 500 kinds of different biomarkers, and high-density detection system can detect at least about 750 kinds, 1000 kinds, 2000 kinds, 3000 kinds, 4000 kinds, 5000 kinds, 6000 kinds, 7000 kinds, 8000 kinds, 9,000 kind, 10,000 kinds, 15,000 kinds, 20,000 kind, 25,000 kind, 50,000 kinds or 100,000 kinds of different biomarkers.In another embodiment again, low density detection system can detect about 100 kinds, 200 kinds, 300 kinds, 400 kinds or the 500 kinds of different biological marking or biomarker combinations at the most, and high-density detection system can detect at least about 750 kinds, 1000 kinds, 2000 kinds, 3000 kinds, 4000 kinds, 5000 kinds, 6000 kinds, 7000 kinds, 8000 kinds, 9,000 kind, 10,000 kind, 15,000 kind, 20,000 kind, 25,000 kind, 50,000 kind or 100,000 kinds of biological markings or biomarker combinations.
Described detection system can comprise optionally the probe with vesica hybridization.Described detection system can comprise the multiple probe for detection of vesica.In some embodiments, multiple probe is for detection of the amount of the vesica in heterogeneous vesica colony.In other embodiment again, multiple probe is for detection of the vesica colony of homogeneous.Multiple probe can for separating of or detect at least two kinds of different vesica subgroups, wherein each vesica subgroup comprises the different biological markings.
Detection system (for example having used one or more methods disclosed herein, technique and composition) can comprise multiple probe, these probe configuration for detection of or separate (for example using one or more methods disclosed herein, technique and composition) at least 2 kinds, 3 kinds, 4 kinds, 5 kinds, 6 kinds, 7 kinds, 8 kinds, 9 kinds, 10 kinds, 15 kinds, 20 kinds, 25 kinds, 30 kinds, 40 kinds, 50 kinds, 60 kinds, 70 kinds, 80 kinds, 90 kinds or 100 kinds of different vesica subgroups, wherein each vesica subgroup comprises the different biological markings.
For example, detection system can comprise multiple probe, and these probes are arranged at least 2 kinds of detections, 3 kinds, 4 kinds, 5 kinds, 6 kinds, 7 kinds, 8 kinds, 9 kinds, 10 kinds, 15 kinds, 20 kinds, 25 kinds, 30 kinds, 40 kinds, 50 kinds, 60 kinds, 70 kinds, 80 kinds, 90 kinds or 100 kinds of different vesica colonies.Described detection system can comprise multiple probe, these probes are arranged to optionally and at least 2 kinds of one or more vesicas, 3 kinds, 4 kinds, 5 kinds, 6 kinds, 7 kinds, 8 kinds, 9 kinds, 10 kinds, 15 kinds, 20 kinds, 25 kinds, 30 kinds, 40 kinds, 50 kinds, 60 kinds, 70 kinds, 80 kinds, 90 kinds, 100 kinds, 1000 kinds, 2500 kinds, 5000 kinds, 7500 kinds, 10, 000 kind, 100, 000 kind, 150, 000 kind, 200, 000 kind, 250, 000 kind, 300, 000 kind, 350, 000 kind, 400, 000 kind, 450, 000 kind, 500, 000 kind, 750, 000 kind or 1, 000, 000 kind of different biomarker hybridization.In some embodiments, one or more described biomarkers are selected from any in 3-5 of table, or biomarker as disclosed herein.Described multiple probe can be arranged to the specific vesica of assessment colony, for example, from the vesica in specific cells source; Or for assessment of multiple specific vesica colony, wherein each vesica colony has the specific biological marking.
Described detection system can be for comprising low density detection system or the high-density detection system for detection of the probe of vesica.For example, low density detection system can comprise the probe for detection of a kind at the most, 2 kinds, 3 kinds, 4 kinds, 5 kinds, 6 kinds, 7 kinds, 8 kinds, 9 kinds or 10 kinds different vesica colonies, and high-density detection system can comprise the probe for detection of at least about 15 kinds, 20 kinds, 25 kinds, 50 kinds or 100 kinds different vesica colonies.In another embodiment, low density detection system can comprise for detection of approximately 100 kinds at the most, the probe of 200 kinds, 300 kinds, 400 kinds or 500 kinds different biomarkers, and high-density detection system can comprise for detection of at least about 750 kinds, 1000 kinds, 2000 kinds, 3000 kinds, 4000 kinds, 5000 kinds, 6000 kinds, 7000 kinds, 8000 kinds, 9,000 kind, 10,000 kind, 15,000 kind, 20,000 kind, 25,000 kind, 50, the probe of 000 kind or 100,000 kinds different biomarker.In another embodiment again, low density detection system can comprise for detection of up to about 100 kinds, 200 kinds, 300 kinds, 400 kinds or 500 kinds of different biological markings or the probe of biomarker combinations, and high-density detection system can comprise for detection of at least about 750 kinds, 1000 kinds, 2000 kinds, 3000 kinds, 4000 kinds, 5000 kinds, 6000 kinds, 7000 kinds, 8000 kinds, 9,000 kind, 10,000 kind, 15,000 kind, 20,000 kind, 25,000 kind, 50, the probe of 000 kind or 100,000 kinds of biological markings or biomarker combinations.
Described probe can be specifically for detection of specific vesica colony, for example there is the vesica of the particular organisms marking and vesica mentioned above.In addition, also provide the multiple probe for detection of prostate specific vesica.Multiple probes can comprise the probe for detection of the biomarker in table 3-5.Multiple probes can also comprise one or more probes for detection of a kind of or kind biomarker in table 3-5.
Multiple probe for detection of one or more miRNA of vesica can comprise the probe for detection of one or more following miRNA: miR-9, miR-629, miR-141, miR-671-3p, miR-491, miR-182, miR-125a-3p, miR-324-5p, miR-148b and miR-222.In another embodiment, described multiple probe comprises one or more probes for detection of EpCam, CD9, PCSA, CD63, CD81, PSMA, B7H3, PSCA, ICAM, STEAP and EGFR.In some embodiments, described multiple probe comprises one or more probes for detection of EpCam, CD9, PCSA, CD63, CD81, PSMA and B7H3.In other embodiments, described multiple probe comprises one or more probes for detection of EpCam, CD9, PCSA, CD63, CD81, PSMA, B7H3, PSCA, ICAM, STEAP and EGFR.In another embodiment again, a subgroup of described multiple probe is for one or more the trapping agent in EpCam, CD9, PCSA, CD63, CD81, PSMA, B7H3, PSCA, ICAM, STEAP and EGFR, and another subgroup is for detection of one or more in CD9, CD63 and CD81.Multiple probe also can comprise one or more probes for detection of miR-92a-2*, miR-147, miR-574-5p or its combination.Multiple probe also can comprise one or more probes for detection of miR-548c-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-422a, miR-597, miR-429, miR-200a, miR-200b or its combination.Multiple probe also can comprise one or more probes for detection of EpCam, CK and CD45.In some embodiments, described one or more probes can be trapping agents.In another embodiment, described probe can be detection agent.In another embodiment again, described multiple probe comprises trapping agent and detection agent.
Described probe (such as trapping agent) can be connected with anchoring base, for example array or pearl.Or described probe (such as detection agent) is disconnected.Described detection system can be system or the system based on pearl, for example system mentioned above of system based on array, sequencing system, PCR-based.Described detection system can be also microfluidic device mentioned above.
Described detection system can be the part of test kit.Or described test kit can comprise one or more probe groups or multiple probe, as described herein.Described test kit can comprise for example, probe for detection of vesica or multiple vesica (vesica in heterogeneous population).Described test kit can comprise the probe for detection of the vesica colony of homogeneous.For example, described test kit can comprise for detection of specific cells source vesica colony or have the probe of the vesica colony of the identical particular organisms marking.
Computer system
Can analyze vesica for characterization of molecules, for example, by measuring amount, the existence of one or more biomarkers or not existing.The data that generate can be for generation of the biological marking, and it can be stored and be analyzed by computer system, and example as shown in Figure 3.In addition, analyze the biological marking or the biological marking and one or more phenotypic correlations connection also can be implemented by computer system to (for example by use computer can actuating logic).
Computer system (example as shown in Figure 3) can be for transmitting data and result after analysis.Therefore, Fig. 3 is the sketch that shows representative illustration logical device, can be analyzed from the result of vesica and be reported or produce described analysis by this equipment.Fig. 3 show computer system (or digital device) 800 with receive or store produced by vesica data, analyze the report of described data to produce one or more biological markings and to produce one or more biological markings (or phenotype sign).In addition, described computer system can also be implemented relatively and analyze the produced biological marking, and transmits the result of gained.For example, or described computer system can be accepted the raw data (passing through network transmission data) that vesica is analyzed, and analyzes.
Computer system 800 can be understood as can be from the logical device of medium 811 and/or the network port 805 reading command, and it can optionally be connected with the server 809 with mounting medium 812.System shown in Fig. 3 comprises CPU801, disc driver 803, optional input unit such as keyboard 815 and/or mouse 816, and optional watch-dog 807.With the data corresponding of the server 809 of local or far away and position can by shown in telecommunication media realize.Described telecommunication media can comprise any means that transmit and/or receive data.For example, telecommunication media can be that network connection, wireless connections or internet connect.This connection can provide communication on World Wide Web.Can imagine, can or connect at these networks and transmit about data of the present invention, to received and/or check by certain side 822.Take over party 822 can be but be not limited to individuality, health care supplier or health care management person.Therefore, about the information of test result and data can this world generation Anywhere and be transferred into different location.For example, when in different buildingss, city, state, country, continent or while abroad analyzing, the information of test result and data can and be formed as transmissible form according to generation mentioned above.Therefore test result that, can delivery form can be transfused to the U.S. to arrive take over party 822.Therefore, the present invention also contained for generation of the diagnosis of one or more samples for from individuality can delivery form information.The step that described method comprises has: (1) the method according to this invention is determined diagnosis, prognosis or treatment diagnosis etc. by described sample; And (2) result of described determining step is presented as can delivery form.Described can delivery form be the product of described production method.In one embodiment, computer-readable medium comprises the medium of the result (the biological example marking) that is applicable to transmit biological sample analysis.Described medium can comprise the result (for example experimenter's the biological marking) that relates to vesica, and wherein said result is used method as herein described to obtain.
Embodiment
embodiment 1: from the purifying of the vesica of prostate cancer cell line
In the substratum that comprises 20%FBS (foetal calf serum) and 1%P/S/G, prostate cancer cell line is cultivated to 3-4 days.Then at 4 ℃, by cell under 400 × g pre-centrifugal 10 minutes.Retain supernatant liquor, and at 4 ℃ under 2000 × g centrifugal 20 minutes.Can use the concentrated supernatant liquor that comprises vesica of Millipore Centricon Plus-70 (numbering UFC710008Fisher).
At room temperature, with the PBS of 30ml with 1000 × g by centrifugal ultrafiltration pipe pre-wash 3 minutes.Then, pre-15-70ml eccentric cell culture supernatants is poured in concentrated cup (Concentrate Cup), and at room temperature in Swing Bucket Adapter (Fisher numbers 75-008-144) with 1000 × g centrifugal 30 minutes.
Percolation thing in collection cups (Collection Cup) is poured out.Use extra supernatant liquor arbitrarily that the volume in described concentrated cup is adjusted to 60ml.At room temperature by described concentrated cup with centrifugal 30 minutes of 1000 × g with concentrating cells supernatant liquor.
By adding the described concentrated cup of 70ml PBS washing, and under 1000 × g centrifugal 30-60 minute until remain about 2ml.Remove vesica by enriched material being inverted in in little sample cup and at 4 ℃ centrifugal 1 minute from strainer.Use PBS that volume is adjusted to 25ml.Vesica this moment concentrates, and is added on 30% sucrose pad.
In order to make pad, by 4ml Tris/30% sucrose/D2O solution, (30g is without sucrose, 2.4gTris alkali, the 50ml D2O of proteolytic enzyme, drip 10N NCL by pH regulator to 7.4, use D2O by volume-adjustment to 100ml, carry out sterilizing by 0.22um strainer) be loaded into the bottom of thin-walled ultracentrifugation pipe at the bottom of 30ml V-type.Above described sucrose pad, the in the situation that of not disturbance interface, gently add the 25ml concentrating vesicles of dilution, and at 4 ℃ with 100,000 × g centrifugal 75 minutes.Use 10ml transfer pipet remove carefully sucrose pad top～25ml, and with the vesica of apicule transfer pipet (SAMCO233) collection～3.5ml, be then transferred in new ultracentrifugation pipe, be wherein added with 30ml PBS.At 4 ℃ with 100,000 × g by centrifugal described pipe 70 minutes.Pour out carefully supernatant liquor.Agglomerate is resuspended in 200ul PBS, and can be stored at 4 ℃ or for analyzing.BCA analytical method (1: 2) can be for measuring the content of protein, and Western trace or electron microscopy can be for determining the purifying of vesica.
embodiment 2: from the purifying of the vesica of VCaP and 22Rv1
By first using isopyknic PBS (1ml) diluting plasma, collect the vesica from prostate gland Vertebral Neoplasms: (vCaP) and 22Rv1 (it is PC-3, is derived from human prostata cancer heterograft (CWR22R)) by ultracentrifugation.By the fluid transfer of dilution to 15ml Falcon centrifuge tube, and at 4 ℃ with 2000 × g centrifugal 30 minutes.Supernatant liquor (～2ml) is transferred in ultracentrifugation pipe 5.0ml PA thin-walled tube (Sorvall#03127), and at 4 ℃ with 12000 × g centrifugal 45 minutes.
Supernatant liquor (～2ml) is transferred in new 5.0ml ultracentrifugation pipe, and adds 2.5ml PBS to be filled to maximum volume, then at 4 ℃ with 110,000 × g centrifugal 90 minutes.Pour out supernatant liquor and do not upset agglomerate, this agglomerate is resuspended in 1ml PBS.Add 4.5ml PBS and described pipe is filled to maximum volume, and at 4 ℃ under 110,000 × g centrifugal 70 minutes.
Pour out supernatant liquor and do not confuse agglomerate, and add other 1ml PBS with washing agglomerate.Add 4.5ml PBS and volume is increased to maximum volume, and at 4 ℃ with 110,000 × g centrifugal 70 minutes.Use P-1000 transfer pipet to remove supernatant liquor, until be the PBS of～100 μ l at the bottom of described pipe.Use remove～90 μ l residues of P-200 transfer pipet, and by using P-20 transfer pipet that the agglomerate that uses～10 μ l PBS residues to collect is gently drawn in micro-centrifuge tube.Use the fresh PBS of other 5 μ l to wash out residual agglomerate from the bottom of drying tube, and collect in micro-centrifuge tube, and be suspended in phosphate buffer salt (PBS) to concentration be 500 μ g/ml.
embodiment 3: the collection of blood plasma and the purifying of vesica
Collect blood in 7ml K2-EDTA pipe by the puncture of standard.In the whizzers of 4 ℃ (SORVALL Legend RT+ whizzer), with 400g by centrifugal this sample 10 minutes, thereby by isolating blood plasma in hemocyte.By drawing carefully, supernatant liquor (blood plasma) is transferred in 15ml Falcon centrifuge tube.Under 2,000g, by centrifugal blood plasma 20 minutes, and collect supernatant liquor.
For storage, the blood plasma of about 1ml (supernatant liquor) is distributed in freeze pipe, be positioned in dry ice so that they freeze, and be stored at-80 ℃.Before purifying vesica, if sample is stored at-80 ℃, sample 5 minutes thaws in cooling bath.Manually described sample is put upside down to mixing, thereby insoluble substance is dissipated.
For the first time pre-centrifugal in, use isopyknic PBS (for example, using 2ml PBS to dilute the blood plasma of about 2ml) diluting plasma.Diluent is transferred in 15ml Falcon pipe, and at 4 ℃ with 2000 × g centrifugal 30 minutes.
For centrifugal in advance for the second time, supernatant liquor (approximately 4ml) is transferred in 50ml Falcon pipe carefully, and in Sorval whizzer at 4 ℃ with 12,000 × g centrifugal 45 minutes.
In separating step, use P1000 transfer pipet that supernatant liquor (approximately 2ml) is transferred in 5.0ml ultracentrifugation PA thin-walled tube (Sorvall#03127) carefully, and use other 0.5ml PBS to be filled to maximum volume.At 4 ℃ by described pipe with 110,000 × g centrifugal 90 minutes.
In washing for the first time, pour out supernatant liquor and do not upset agglomerate.By this agglomerate resuspension or washing, and use other 4.5ml PBS that described pipe is filled to maximum volume with 1ml PBS.At 4 ℃ by described pipe with 110,000 × g centrifugal 70 minutes.Wash for the second time by repeating identical step.
By removing supernatant liquor with P-1000 transfer pipet until be that about 100 μ l PBS collect vesica at the bottom of described pipe.Remove about 90 μ l PBS and abandon with P-200 transfer pipet.By gently draw to collect agglomerate and remaining PBS with P-20 transfer pipet.Use the fresh PBS of other 5 μ l to wash out residual agglomerate from the bottom of described drying tube, and collect in micro-centrifuge tube.
embodiment 4: analyze vesica with the antibody of the microballoon of antibody coupling and directly coupling
The present embodiment has been shown the use with the particulate of antibody coupling, vesica described in wherein said antibody capture.For example,, referring to Fig. 2 B.Antibody (detection antibody) and the direct coupling of marker, and for detection of the biomarker of catching on vesica.
First, select the microsphere set (Luminex, Austin, TX) of antibody coupling.Described microsphere set can comprise various antibody, and therefore can carry out multiplexing.Mix supersound process by vortex and within about 20 seconds, make described microballoon resuspension.Be that 100 microballoon/μ L of each collection carry out preparation work mixture of microspheres by the microballoon stoste of coupling being diluted to final concentration in Startblock (Pierce (37538)).50 μ L work mixture of microspheres are for each hole.PBS-1%BSA or PBS-BN (PBS, 1%BSA, 0.05% trinitride, pH7.4) can be with the buffer reagents that performs an analysis.
1.2 μ m Millipore filter plates are wetting in advance with the PBS-1%BSA (Sigma (P3688-10PAK+0.05% sodiumazide (S8032))) in 100 μ l/ holes, and draw by vacuum manifold (vacuum manifold).The described work mixture of microspheres of 50 μ l equal portions is allocated in the suitable hole of this filter plate (Millipore Multiscreen HTS (MSBVNl250)).The standard substance of 50 μ l equal portions or sample are assigned in suitable hole.Cover this filter plate, and at room temperature on plate vibrator, hatch 60 minutes.Filter plate described in covering with sealing, is placed on whirling vibration device, and is set in 900 times lasting 15-30 seconds so that described pearl resuspension.Afterwards, the time that Speed Setting is being continued to hatch for 550 times.
By vacuum manifold, supernatant liquor is drawn to (in all absorption steps all lower than 5 inches of mercury).Each hole is washed 2 times with the PBS-1%BSA (Sigma (P3688-10PAK+0.05% sodiumazide (S8032))) of 100 μ l, and draw by vacuum manifold.Microballoon is resuspended in the PBS-1%BSA (Sigma (P3688-10PAK+0.05% sodiumazide (S8032))) of 50 μ L.The detection antibody of PE coupling is diluted to 4 μ g/mL (or suitable concentration) in PBS-1%BSA (Sigma (P3688-10PAK+0.05% sodiumazide (S8032))).(note: the dilution of each reaction needed 50 μ L detects antibody.) the diluted detection antibody of 50 μ l equal portions is joined in each hole.Cover filter plate, and at room temperature on plate vibrator, hatch 60 minutes.Filter plate described in covering with sealer, is placed on whirling vibration device, and is set in 900 times lasting 15-30 seconds so that described pearl resuspension.Afterwards, the time that Speed Setting is being continued to hatch for 550 times.By vacuum manifold, supernatant liquor is drawn.Each hole is washed 2 times with the PBS-1%BSA (Sigma (P3688-10PAK+0.05% sodiumazide (S8032))) of 100 μ l, and draw by vacuum manifold.Microballoon is resuspended in the PBS-1%BSA (Sigma (P3688-10PAK+0.05% sodiumazide (S8032))) of 100 μ L.On Luminex analyser, analyze described microballoon according to the guide of described system.
embodiment 5: analyze vesica with microballoon and the biotinylated antibody of antibody coupling
The present embodiment has been shown the use with the particulate of antibody coupling, vesica described in wherein said antibody capture.Antibody (detection antibody) bioid.With the marker of streptavidin coupling for detection of biomarker.
First, select the microsphere set (Luminex, Austin, TX) of suitable antibody coupling.Within about 20 seconds, make described microballoon resuspension by vortex and supersound process.Be that 50 microballoon/μ L of each collection carry out preparation work mixture of microspheres by the microballoon stoste of this coupling being diluted to final concentration in Startblock (Pierce (37538)).(note: need 50 μ L work mixture of microspheres in each hole.) pearl in Start Block should seal 30 minutes and be no more than 1 hour.
By the PBS-1%BSA+ trinitride (PBS-BN) in 100 μ l/ holes for 1.2 μ m Millipore filter plates, ((Sigma (P3688-10PAK+0.05% sodiumazide (S8032))) is wetting in advance, and draws by vacuum manifold.The described work mixture of microspheres of 50 μ l equal portions is allocated in the suitable hole of this filter plate (Millipore Multiscreen HTS (MSBVN1250)).The standard substance of 50 μ l equal portions or sample are assigned in suitable hole.Cover this filter plate with sealer, and at room temperature on filter plate vibrator, hatch 60 minutes.The filter plate of covering is placed on whirling vibration device, and is set in 900 times lasting 15-30 seconds with pearl described in resuspension.Afterwards, the time that Speed Setting is being continued to hatch for 550 times.
By vacuum manifold, supernatant liquor is drawn to (in all absorption steps all lower than 5 inches of mercury).Can use Pall vacuum manifold to draw.In the time that this filter plate is placed on described manifold, valve is placed on completely and closes (full off) position.In order to draw lentamente, by valve opening with draw fluid from described hole, for by the sample of 100 μ l and pearl completely by sucking-off in hole, need about 3 seconds.Once described sample is drained, press the purge button (purge button) on manifold, thereby discharge residual vacuum pressure from filter plate.
Each hole is washed 2 times with the PBS-1%BSA+ trinitride (PBS-BN) (Sigma (P3688-10PAK+0.05% sodiumazide (S8032))) of 100 μ l, and draw by vacuum manifold.The PBS-1%BSA+ trinitride (PBS-BN) that described microballoon is resuspended to 50 μ L is (in (Sigma (P3688-10PAK+0.05% sodiumazide (S8032))).
Biotinylated detection antibody is diluted to 4 μ g/mL in PBS-1%BSA+ trinitride (PBS-BN) (Sigma (P3688-10PAK+0.05% sodiumazide (S8032))).(note: the detection antibody of each reaction needed 50 μ L dilutions.) the diluted detection antibody of 50 μ l equal portions is joined in each hole.
Cover this filter plate with sealer, and at room temperature on plate vibrator, hatch 60 minutes.Described plate is placed on to orbit determination vibration upper, and is set in lasting 15-30 second 900 times, thus pearl described in resuspension.Afterwards, within the time of hatching by Speed Setting 550.
By vacuum manifold, supernatant liquor is drawn.Can use Pall vacuum manifold to complete absorption.In the time that this plate is placed on described manifold, valve is placed in completely and closes (full off) position.In order to draw lentamente, by valve opening with draw fluid from hole, for by the sample of 100 μ l and pearl completely by sucking-off in hole, need about 3 seconds.Once all samples drain, just press and empty button (purge button) on manifold, thereby discharge residual vacuum pressure from this plate.
Each hole is washed 2 times with the PBS-1%BSA+ trinitride (PBS-BN) (Sigma (P3688-10PAK+0.05% sodiumazide (S8032))) of 100 μ l, and draw by vacuum manifold.Described microballoon is resuspended in the PBS-1%BSA (Sigma (P3688-10PAK+0.05% sodiumazide (S8032))) of 50 μ l.
Streptavidin-R-PE acceptor (molecular probe 1mg/ml) is diluted to 4 μ g/mL in PBS-1%BSA+ trinitride (PBS-BN).Each reaction is used to the streptavidin-R-PE of 50 μ l dilutions.Diluted streptavidin-the R-PE of 50 μ l equal portions is joined in each hole.
Cover this filter plate with sealer, and at room temperature on plate vibrator, hatch 60 minutes.Described plate is placed on orbital shaker, and is set in lasting 15-30 second 900 times, thus pearl described in resuspension.Afterwards, within the time of hatching by Speed Setting 550.
By vacuum manifold, supernatant liquor is drawn.Can use Pall vacuum manifold to complete absorption.In the time that this plate is placed on described manifold, valve is placed in to complete off-position place.In order to draw lentamente, by valve opening with draw fluid from hole, for by the sample of 100 μ l and pearl completely by sucking-off in hole, need about 3 seconds.Once all sample drains, and just presses the button that empties on manifold, thereby discharge residual vacuum pressure from this plate.
Each hole is washed 2 times with the PBS-1%BSA+ trinitride (PBS-BN) (Sigma (P3688-10PAK+0.05% sodiumazide (S8032))) of 100 μ l, and draw by vacuum manifold.Described microballoon is resuspended in the PBS-1%BSA+ trinitride (PBS-BN) (Sigma (P3688-10PAK+0.05% sodiumazide (S8032))) of 100 μ l, and analyzes on Luminex analyser according to described system handbook.
embodiment 6: it is concentrated that vesica carries out from blood plasma
Equipment and equipment: Pall life sciences Acrodisc, 25mm syringe filter w/1.2um, Versapor film (aseptic), unit number: 4190; Pierce thickener 7ml/150K MWCO (weight shutoff value), unit number: 89922; BD syringe filter, 10ml, unit number: 305482; Sorvall Legend RT Plus series desktop whizzer, has 15ml swinging bucket rotor; PBS, pH7.4, Sigma P3813-10PAK, it is prepared in the water of aseptic molecular level; Copolymer 1 .7ml micro-centrifuge tube, USA Scientific, numbering 1415-2500.The water (Sigma, numbering W4502) of the molecular level of sterile filtration for the water of reagent.Operating in Biohazard Safety Equipment of experimenter's blood plasma carried out.
Program:
1. the filtration procedure of pair plasma sample
1.1. from-80 ℃ of (65 ℃ to-85 ℃) refrigerators, take out plasma sample.
1.2. sample (10-15 minute) thaws in the water of room temperature.
1.3. prepare syringe and filter by take out necessary amount from its packing.
1.4. pull inner core so that aseptic 4mL molecular level water is sucked in described syringe.The filter of 1.2 μ m is attached to the top of syringe and makes content pass through described filter and arrive on described 7ml/150KMWCO Pierce post.
1.5. cover described post and be placed in described bucket centrifuge to descend centrifugal 4 minutes at 20 ℃ (16 ℃-24 ℃) at Sorvall Legend RT plus whizzer with 1000 × g.
1.6. when centrifugal, this filter is pulled down from syringe when carrying out.Subsequently inner core is taken out from syringe.
1.7. abandon the percolation liquid of pipe and gently on paper handkerchief, beat gently post to remove the moisture of any remnants.
1.8. measure and record the original volume of all plasma samples.Have lower than the sample of 900 μ l volumes and may not process.
1.9. opening syringe and filter are placed on open Pierce post.Fill with 1 × PBS of 5.2mL and with pipettor blood plasma is sneaked into PBS tri-to four times at the opening end of syringe.
1.10. insert once again plunger and oppress lentamente this inner core until the content of described syringe has entered on described Pierce post by described filter.Content should dropwise pass through described filter.
2. the concentrated centrifugal scheme of microcapsule bubble
2.1. under 20 ℃ (16 ℃-24 ℃) with the centrifugal 7ml/150K MWCO of 2000 × g Pierce post 60 minutes or until volume is down to 250-300 μ l.If need, carry out centrifugal to reach volume required with other 15 minutes increments.
2.2. in the time of centrifugal end, on described post, mix 15 × (avoiding producing bubble) with pipettor and take out volume (300 μ L or still less) and be transferred in new 1.7mL copolymerization property management.
2.3. the final volume of described plasma extraction thing depends on the original volume of blood plasma.If described primitive plasma volume is 1ml, by plasma extraction to 300 μ l.If primitive plasma volume is lower than 1ml, enriched material volume should be consistent with this ratio.For example, if initial volume is 900 μ l, the volume of enriched material is 270 μ l.The equation of following is: x=(y/1000) × 300, wherein x is that final volume and the y of enriched material are initial blood plasma volumes.
2.4. record described sample volume and add 1 × PBS to prepare final sample volume to described sample.
2.5. at the concentrated microcapsule bubble sample of 4 ℃ (2 ℃ to 8 ℃) lower storage.
Calculate:
1. the final volume of concentrated plasma sample
X=(y/1000) × 300, wherein x is that final volume and the y of enriched material are initial blood plasma volumes.
embodiment 7: use magnetic capture vesica
Use the vesica separating according to described in embodiment 2.By the described vesica of about 40 μ l and about 5 μ g, (～50 μ l) Dynal pearl (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) and the 50 μ l parent material pieces (Starting Block) of the coating of EpCam antibody are hatched together.At 45 ℃, described vesica and pearl are carried out to 2 hours oscillation incubations in oscillation incubation device.The pipe that Dynal pearl is housed is placed to 1 minute on magnetic separator, and remove supernatant liquor.By described pearl washing 2 times, and all remove supernatant liquor at every turn.By pearl washing 2 times, and abandoning supernatant all at every turn.
embodiment 8: to the detection of mRNA transcript in vesica
Use Qiagen miRneasyTM test kit (numbering No.217061), separate the RNA in conjunction with vesica from the pearl of embodiment 7 according to the specification sheets of manufacturers.
At QIAzol tMvesica described in homogenate in lytic reagent (Qiagen numbers No.79306).After adding chloroform, by centrifugal, even compound is separated into water and organic phase.RNA is allocated in upper aqueous phase, and DNA in the middle of being allocated in mutually in and protein partitioning in bottom organic phase or centre mutually in.Upper aqueous phase is extracted, thereby and add ethanol to provide suitable conjugation condition for all RNA molecules that exceed 18 Nucleotide (nt).Then, described sample is applied to RNeasy tMon Mini centrifugal column, wherein whole RNA is attached on film, and effectively washes away phenol and other pollutent.Then, the high-quality RNA of wash-out in not containing the water of RNA enzyme.
Use the Taqman TMPRSS:ERG syzygy transcript analytical method (Neoplasia.2007 such as Kirsten D.Mertz March; 9 (3): 200-206.) measure the RNA of the vesica of catching from VCAP pearl.Use Taqman SPINK1 transcript analytical method (the Cancer Cell2008 such as Scott A.Tomlins June 13 (6): the RNA that 519-528) measures the vesica of catching from 22Rv1 pearl.In addition, measure GAPDH transcript (control transcripts) for two groups of vesica RNA.
Higher CT value shows lower transcript expression.The variation of 1 unit of cycle threshold (CT) is equal to 2 multiple variation, and the CT difference of 3 units is equal to multiple variation of 4 etc., and it can calculate by following formula: 2^CT1-CT2..The equivalent (Fig. 5) that this experiment demonstrates the CT difference of syzygy transcript TMPRSS:ERG expression and uses IgG2 negative control pearl to catch.In 22RV1 vesica, the identical of SPINK1 transcript relatively demonstrates, and changes 70.5 6.14 CT difference for multiple.Using the result of GAPDH is similar (not shown).
embodiment 9: obtain serum sample from experimenter
Blood is collected in the Vacutainer SST plus blood collection tube (BD367985 or BD366643, BD Biosciences) of EDTA pipe, citrate tube or 10ml from experimenter (health volunteer and the experimenter who suffers from cancer).In latter 2 hours of collection, processing blood is to carry out separating plasma.
Sample is at room temperature placed at least 30 minutes, the longest 2 hours.By at 4 ℃ with 1,000-1, the centrifugal 15-20 of 300 × g minute and complete the separation to blood clot.Remove serum deprivation and it is scattered in 500-750 μ l freeze pipe with 500 μ l equal portions.Stored samples at-80 ℃.
At given setting (sitting), the blood flow volume of extraction can be between～20 to～90ml.Will converge from the blood of several EDTA pipes and be transferred to without in the 50-ml cone bottom tube of RNA enzyme/DNA enzyme (Greiner), and in Hettich Rotanta460R desktop type whizzer at room temperature with 1,200 × g centrifugal 10 minutes.Blood plasma is transferred in new pipe, above described agglomerate, leaves the blood plasma supernatant liquor of level altitude of 0.5em to avoid disturbance agglomerate.Divide sample by blood plasma equal portions, between each equal portions, put upside down mixing, and be stored in-80 ℃.
embodiment 10: from human plasma and serum sample isolation of RNA
Melt the human plasma of 400 μ l or serum on ice and use isopyknic 2 × denaturing soln (Ambion) to its cracking.Use mirVana PARIS test kit according to liquid sample scheme (Ambion) isolation of RNA of manufacturers, thereby described scheme is through revising with twice, isopyknic acid-phenol chloroform (as Ambion test kit provides) extraction sample.Use the Ambion elute soln eluted rna of 105 μ l according to the scheme of manufacturers.The average-volume of the elutriant reclaiming from each post is about 80 μ l.
Also use the amplified version of described mirVana PARIS (Ambion) scheme: the blood plasma that melts 10ml on ice, the aliquots containig of 2 parts of 5-ml is transferred in the pipe of 50-ml, use isopyknic mirVana PARIS2 × denaturing soln (Ambion) to dilute, within 30 seconds, fully mix by vortex, and hatch on ice 5 minutes.Subsequently acid/the phenol/chloroform of equal-volume (10ml) is added in each aliquots containig.The solution obtaining carries out the vortex of 1 minute and in JA17 rotor at 20 ℃ with 8,000rpm centrifugal 5 minutes.Repeating described acid/phenol/chloroform extracts 3 times.The water volume producing fully mixes and flows through successively mirVana PARIS post with 700-μ l aliquots containig with the pure level of 100% molecule of 1.25 times of volumes ethanol.Wash described post and elution buffer (95 ℃) eluted rna with 105 μ l according to the scheme of manufacturers.Use Nanodrop to carry out quantitatively the elutriant that amounts to 1.5 μ l.
embodiment 11: use the measurement of qRT-PCR to miRNA level in the RNA from blood plasma and serum
The fixed volume 1.67 μ l RNA solution of the pact～80 μ l elutriant separating from the RNA of given sample react for reverse transcription (RT) as input thing.For the sample from 400-μ l blood plasma or serum sample isolation of RNA, for example, 1.67 μ l RNA solution have represented the RNA corresponding to (1.67/80) × 400=8.3 μ l blood plasma or serum.For generating the typical curve of RNA oligonucleotide of the chemosynthesis corresponding with known miRNA, thereby different dilution each oligonucleotide in water, are prepared and make to enter final input thing that RT reacts and have the volume of 1.67 μ l.Input thing RNA uses TaqMan miRNA reverse transcription test kit and miRNA specificity stem ring primer (Applied BioSystems) reverse transcription in small-scale RT reaction, and by 1.387 μ l H2O, 0.5 μ l l0 × reverse transcription damping fluid, 0.063 μ l RNA enzyme inhibitors, (20 units/μ l), 0.05 μ l l00mM dNTP (containing dTTP), 0.33 μ l Multiscribe reversed transcriptive enzyme and 1.67 μ l input thing RNA form in described reaction; Composition except described input thing RNA can be prepared the main mixture that becomes comparatively large vol, and reaction is used Tetrad2Peltier thermal cycler (BioRad) at 16 ℃ at 30 minutes, 42 ℃ at 30 minutes and 85 ℃ 5 minutes and carry out.PCR in real time is carried out on Applied BioSystems7900HT thermal cycler, at 95 ℃ 10 minutes, succeeded by 95 ℃ of 40 circulations 15 seconds with 60 ℃ at 1 minute.Use SDS relative quantification software, version 2 .2.2 (Applied BioSystems) analytical data, it uses automatic Ct to be provided for the threshold value of specifying baseline and Ct to measure.
Also can revise described scheme to comprise pre-amplification step, such as for detection of miRNA.The aliquots containig of the undiluted RT product of 1.25-μ l is mixed to produce the 5.0-μ l PCR that increases in advance with the pre-amplification PCR reagent [the main mixture of TaqMan PreAmp (2 ×) that every secondary response comprises 2.5 μ l and 0.2 × TaqMan miRNA Assay (being diluted in TE) of 1.25 μ l] of 3.75 μ l, its Tetrad2Peltier thermal cycler (RioRad) upper by be heated to 95 ℃ 10 minutes, succeeded by 95 ℃ of 14 circulations 15 seconds and 60 ℃ 4 minutes and carry out.Dilute described pre-amplification PCR product (by adding the H2O of 20 μ l in the pre-amplification reaction product to described 5 μ l), subsequently the described dilution of 2.25 μ l is introduced in described PCR in real time and described in basis and carried out.
embodiment 12: extract microRNA from vesica
According to described herein, microRNA extracts from the vesica of experimenter's sample from separating.For example,, referring to embodiment 6.Provided herein for separating of with the method for concentrating vesicles.Method in the present embodiment also can be used for separating microRNA from experimenter's sample and without separating in advance vesica.
use the scheme of Trizol
This programme will be from Qiagen Inc., and the QIAzol lytic reagent of Valencia CA and RNeasy Midi test kit are for extracting microRNA from concentrated vesica.The step of described method comprises:
1. to the RNaseA that adds 2 μ l in 50 μ l vesica enriched materials, at 37 ℃, hatch 20 minutes.
2. add the QIAzol lytic reagent of 700 μ l, vortex 1 minute.Add after QIAzol that (1 μ l) mixes in sample, for each gross sample is prepared the filler (adding up to three equal portions) of 75fmol/ μ L by the Caenorhabditis elegans microRNA of 25fmol/ μ L.
3. at 55 ℃, hatch 5 minutes.
4. add 140 μ l chloroforms and thermal agitation 15 seconds.
5. at cooled on ice 2-3 minute.
6. at 4 ℃ with 12,000 × g centrifugal 15 minutes.
7. water (300 μ L) be transferred in new pipe and add the 100%EtOH (, 450 μ L) of 1.5 times of volumes.
8. maximum 4ml samples are sucked to the RNeasy Midi centrifugal column (lysate from 3 part of 50 μ l enriched material is merged) that is placed in 15ml collection tube.
9. at room temperature with 2700 × g centrifugal 5 minutes.
10. discard percolation liquid (flowthrough) from described centrifugal.
11. add the RWT damping fluid of 1ml in post and at room temperature with 2700 × g centrifugal 5 minutes.The RW1 damping fluid providing in Midi test kit is not provided.RW1 damping fluid can wash away miRNA.RWT damping fluid provides in the Mini test kit from Qiagen Inc.
12. discard percolation liquid.
13. add to the RPE damping fluid of 1ml on described post and at room temperature with 2700 × g centrifugal 2 minutes.
14. repeating steps 12 and 13.
16. insert in new 15ml collection tube by post and add 150ul elution buffer.At room temperature hatch 3 minutes.
17. at room temperature with 2700 × g centrifugal 3 minutes.
18. vortex samples and being transferred in 1.7mL pipe.By extract sample storage in-80 ℃.
The Trizol scheme of improvement
1. add Epicentre RNaseA to 229 μ g/ml final concentration (
Figure BPA0000186429140002781
an
Figure BPA0000186429140002782
company, Madison, WI).(for example,, in the enriched material of 150ul, adding 450 μ l PBS and 28.8 μ l Epicentre RNaseAs [5 μ g/ μ l]).Brief vortex.At 37 ℃, hatch 20min.Use anti-pipetting, with the increment decile " sample (babies) " of 100 μ l.
2. centrifuging temperature is set as to 4 ℃.
3. the Trizol LS of 750 μ l is added in each 100 μ l samples, and vortex immediately.
5. under room temperature (RT), on worktable, hatch 5min.
6. in MixMate, under RT and 1400rpm, by all samples vortex 30min.In vortex, BCP phase separation agent is added on flat board.
Test tube is briefly centrifugal 7..Sample is transferred to and collects microtubule frame.
8. 150 μ l BCP are added in the sample in flat board.By on flat plate cover, and the 15sec that strongly vibrates.
9. under RT, hatch 3min.
10. centrifugal 15min under 4 ℃ and 6,000xg.Centrifuging temperature is reset to 24 ℃ (RT).
11. add 500ul100%EtOH in the appropriate bore of new S-block.200 μ l waters are transferred in new S-block, move 10X by suction and carry out mixing water/EtOH.
12. is briefly centrifugal.
RNeasy96 (Qiagen, Inc., Valencia, CA) flat board is placed in the top of new S-block by 13..Water/EtoH sample mixture is inhaled and moved in the hole of RNeasy96 flat board.With AirPore adhesive tape by dull and stereotyped RNeasy96 sealing.
14. at RT and the lower rotation of 6000rpm (～5600xg) 4min.Avoid temperature lower than 24 ℃.
15. empty S-block by abandoning percolation liquid, and remove AirPore adhesive tape.
14. add 700 μ l Buffer RPE in flat board, use AirPore rubber belt sealing, and 6,000 and RT under centrifugal 4min.Empty S-block, and remove AirPore adhesive tape.
15. add 500 μ l Buffer RPE in flat board, use AirPore rubber belt sealing, and 6,000 and RT under centrifugal 4min.Empty S-block, and remove AirPore adhesive tape.
16. add another 500 μ l Buffer RPE in flat board, use AirPore rubber belt sealing, and 6,000 and RT under centrifugal 10min.Empty S-block, and remove AirPore adhesive tape.
17. are placed in Rneasy96 flat board on clean wash-out microtubule frame.Suction move 30 μ l without the water of RN enzyme to the post of Rneasy96 flat board.Use AirPore rubber belt sealing.
18. make water on post, stop 5min.
19. by post under 6,000rpm centrifugal 4min with eluted rna.Microtubule is covered with wash-out microtubule cap.Sample is gathered together.
20. are stored in-80 ℃.
use the scheme of MagMax
This programme will be from Applied Biosystems/Ambion, Austin, and the MagMAXTM RNA separating kit of TX extracts microRNA for the vesica from concentrated.The step of described method comprises:
1. add the QIAzol lytic reagent of 700ml, and vortex 1 minute.
2. at room temperature on experiment table, hatch 5 minutes.
3. add 140 μ l chloroforms and thermal agitation 15 seconds.
4. on experiment table, hatch 2-3 minute.
5. at 4 ℃ with 12,000 × g centrifugal 15 minutes.
6. water be transferred in deep-well plates and add 100% Virahol of 1.25 times of volumes.
7. vibration MagMAX tMin conjunction with the hole of bead.The RNA of 10 μ l is sucked to each hole in conjunction with pearl.
8. collect two wash-out plates and two other deep-well plates.
9. a wash-out plate is designated as to " Elution " and another is designated as to " Tip Comb ".
10. a deep-well plates be designated as to " 1st Wash2 " and another be designated as to " 2nd Wash2 ".
11. fill the Wash2 of 150 μ l in two Wash2 deep-well plates, guarantee to add ethanol to wash in advance.In the hole identical with sample size, fill.
12. select suitable collection procedure on MagMax Particle Processor.
13. press startup and load each suitable plate.
Sample is transferred to micro-centrifuge tube by 14..
15. vortexs and be stored in-80 ℃.Pearl that should be residual as seen in sample.
embodiment 13: microRNA array
Can use the microRNA level in array format (comprising high-density and low density array) analytic sample.Array analysis is used under required setting and finds differential expression, for example, by analyze the expression of multiple miR in two samples and carry out statistical study with determine those described sample room differential expression and can be therefrom for the miR of the biological marking.Described array also can be used for identifying existence or the level of one or more microRNAs in simple sample, characterizes phenotype in order to be tested and appraised the biological marking in described sample.The present embodiment has been described the system of commercially available acquisition, and it can be used for implementing method of the present invention.
taqmqn low density array
As required TaqMan low density array (TLDA) miRNA card is used for to the relatively expression of each different sample sets miRNA.Use from Applied Biosystems Foster City, CA's
Figure BPA0000186429140002801
miRNA described in microRNA analysis and array system Collection and analysis.The Megaplex providing according to manufacturers tMpools Quick Reference Card scheme is used Applied Biosystems's people's microRNA array.
exiq on mIRCURY LNA microRNA
As required by Exiq on miRCURY LNA tMuniversal RT microRNA PCR Human Panels I and II (Exiqon, Inc, Woburn, MA) are for the relatively miRNA expression of each different sample sets.Described Exiqon384 hole flat board comprises 750 kinds of miR.Sample is normalized for contrast primer, and described contrast primer is for the synthetic RNA filler (spike-in) from Universal cDNA synthetic agent box (UniSp6CP).Result is normalized for calibrate probe between plate.
To arbitrary system, implement quality control standard (quality control standards).Three data sets of normalized value by each probe on to(for) each index is in addition average.Have higher than the probe of 20% average Cv% and be not used in analysis.Result is carried out to paired t-test to find the miR of differential expression between two sample sets.Use Benjamini and the check of Hochberg false discovery rate to proofread and correct P value.Use GeneSpring software (Agilent Technologies, Inc., Santa Clara, CA) analytical results.
embodiment 14: the microRNA spectrum in vesica
Described in embodiment 1-3, collect vesica by ultracentrifugation by 22Rv1, LNCaP, Vcap and normal plasma (converge and obtain by 16 donors).Use Exiqon miR separating kit (coding No.300110,300111) to extract RNA.According to the vesica of BCA analysis mensuration use equivalent, (30 μ g).
By equal-volume, (5 μ are l) for the reverse transcription reaction of microRNA.By this reverse transcriptase reaction thing 81 μ l not containing diluting in the water of nuclease, then to this solution that adds 9 μ l during each independent miR analyzes.It is found that MiR-629 only expresses in PCa (prostate cancer) vesica, and in fact can not detect in normal blood plasma vesica.It is found that MiR-9 crosses expression (measure according to copy number, exceed normally～704 times) at all PCa clone camber, and there is extremely low expression in normal blood plasma vesica.
the microRNA spectrum of the vesica that embodiment 15: magnetic EpCam catches
The pearl of embodiment 7 is placed in to QIAzol in conjunction with vesica tMin Lysis Reagent (Qiagen numbering 79306).Add 125fmol Caenorhabditis elegans (c.elegans) miR-39 of equal portions.Use Qiagen miRneasy tMtest kit (numbering 217061), according to the explanation isolation of RNA of manufacturers, and at 30ul not containing wash-out in the water of RNA enzyme.
Use Veriti96 hole thermal cycler, the RNA of 10 μ l purifying is placed in the pre-amplification reactant of miR-9, miR-141 and miR-629.Use the pre-expansion solubilising liquid of 1:5 dilution to set up the qRT-PCR reaction for miR9 (ABI4373285), miR-141 (ABI4373137) and miR-629 (ABI4380969) and Caenorhabditis elegans miR-39 (ABI4373455).The result of the relative Caenorhabditis elegans of result of each sample is normalized.
the microRNA spectrum of the vesica that embodiment 16:CD9 catches
The pearl that the EpCam using in Dynal pearl (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, the CA) alternate embodiment 15 that uses CD9 to apply applies.Hatch deriving from together with the pearl that prostate cancer experimenter's vesica, LNCaP or the vesica of normal purifying and CD9 apply, and according to isolation of RNA described in embodiment 15.Detect the expression of miR-21 and miR-141 by qRT-PCR, and acquired results is depicted in Fig. 6.
embodiment 17: use the vesica that filtration module carries out to separate
6mL PBS is added in 1mL blood plasma.Optionally, can use encapsulant, as
Figure BPA0000186429140002811
process described sample, described encapsulant can improve downstream processing.Subsequently by 1.2 microns (μ m) Pall syringe filter by described sample be directly placed in 100kDa MWCO (Millipore, Billerica, MA), have 150kDa MWCO 7ml post (
Figure BPA0000186429140002822
rockford, IL), there is the 15ml post (Millipore, Billerica, MA) of 100kDa MWCO or have 150kDa MWCO 20ml post (
Figure BPA0000186429140002821
rockford, IL) in.
Pipe carries out centrifugal 60 to 90 minutes until volume is about 250 μ l.Collect retentate and add PBC described sample is adjusted to the highest 300 μ l.Subsequently the sample of 50 μ l is used for to further vesica analysis, such as the analysis being further described in following examples.
embodiment 18: the multiple analysis that the vesica separating using filter carries out
To use the vesica sample obtaining according to the method described in embodiment 17 for described multiple analysis herein.For example,, referring to following embodiment 23-24.Described capture antibody is CD9, CD63, CD81, PSMA, PCSA, B7H3 and EpCam.Described detection antibody is for biomarker CD9, CD81 and CD63 or B7H3 and ErCam.
embodiment 19: the flow cytometry of vesica
Use MoFlo XDP (Beckman Coulter, Fort Collins, CO, USA) to analyze the blood plasma vesica of purifying and used Summit4.3 software (Beckman Coulter) to analyze meta fluorescence intensity.Use antibody direct mark vesica, maybe can add pearl or microballoon (as, the magnetic polystyrene during 7 looks that comprise BD FACS arrange, numbering 335775).Can use for the bonding agent of following vesica antigen and detect vesica: CD9 (mouse anti human CD9, MAB1880, R & D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA), PSM (mouse anti human PSM, sc-73651, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA), PCSA (mouse anti human prostatic cell surface antigen, MAB4089, Millipore, MA, USA), CD63 (mouse anti human CD63, 556019, BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA), CD81 (mouse anti human CD81, 555675, BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA), B7-H3 (goat anti human B 7-H 3, AF1027, R & D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA), EpCAM (mouse anti human EpCAM, MAB9601, R & D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA).Can use for the fluorescent-labeled antibody of required vesica antigen and detect vesica: for example, FITC, phycoerythrin (PE) and Cy7 are generally used for antibody described in mark.
For using multiple microballoon capture antibody, described microballoon can be available from Luminex (Austin, TX, and use available from the Sulfo-NHS of Pierce Thermo and EDC and (be respectively numbering No.24510 and No.22981 USA), Rockford, Ill, USA) be coupled to required antibody with micros.
At room temperature the vesica of purifying (10ug/ml) and 5,000 microballoons are carried out to 1 hour oscillation incubation.Under 1700rpm, use FACS damping fluid (0.5%FBS/PBS) to wash described sample 10 minutes.At room temperature described detection antibody is carried out to one hour oscillation incubation by manufacturers's recommended density.Using FACS damping fluid carries out the another once washing of 10 minutes with 1700rpm after, described sample is resuspended in 100ul FACS damping fluid and on FASC instrument and is moved.
In addition,, in the time using microballoon to detect vesica, the vesica being labeled can detect antibody component according to it and be sorted in different pipes.For example, by using the microballoon of FITC or PE mark, the first pipe comprises does not have a microballoon colony of detection agent, and the second pipe comprises the colony with PE detection agent, the 3rd pipe comprises the colony with FITC detection agent, and the 4th pipe comprises the colony with PE and FITC detection agent.The vesica colony of institute's sorting can be subject to further analysis, for example, analyzes by detecting useful load (such as mRNA, microRNA or protein content).
Fig. 7 A shows and uses the vesica that MoFlo XDP carries out to separate and identify.In the experiment of this group, there are approximately 3000 trigger events (being about the microparticle of large vesica size) of only having a buffer reagent.There is the be unstained trigger event (43,000 sizes are enough to the vesica of scattering laser) of vesica of approximately 46,000 tools.There is the trigger event of 500,000 tool dyeing vesicas.Use and detected vesica for the detection agent (all carrying out mark with FITC) of four transmembrane protein CD9, CD63 and CD81.Can in the time that being subject to detection agent dyeing, it be detected compared with vesicles.
Fig. 7 B has shown VCaP cell (left figure) for CD9, B7H3, PSMA and PCSA and the facs analysis of VCaP exosome (right figure).This analytical proof the total similar surface protein mark of exosome in VCaP cell and VCaP source.The vesica that uses the cell fluorescence analysis of flow cytometry to disclose VCaP cell and VCaP source all contains the come-at-able CD9 of antibody, CD63, CD81, PCSA, PSMA and the B7-H3 antigen of PE-mark.On cell surface, the antigen of low concentration can be found (for example, PCSA) with higher concentration on microcapsule bubble surface.
According to the mark for detection of vesica, in the miR of airflow classification, the content of microRNA can be different.The B7H3 of applying marking or the antibody of PSMA carry out the vesica in sorting VCaP source.According to described, use Exiqon card to measure the miR express spectra in the vesica of catching herein.Fig. 7 C shows compared with overall vesica colony, in B7H3+ or PSMA+ vesica colony, has obtained different express spectras.
Contribute to other research by the physical sepn that the sorting of specific vesica colony is carried out, such as to the partially or completely microRNA analysis of the vesica colony of purifying.
embodiment 20: the antibody test of vesica
Use the techniques described herein, by assessing the vesica in described sample with the vesica that the pearl of antibody coating detects in patient's sample.Use following general approach:
A. care location (as, clinical clinic, doctor working space, hospital) extract blood from experimenter.
B. the blood plasma part of described blood is for further analyzing.
C. for to remove macrobead and to separate the part that comprises vesica, plasma sample is filtered and (for example, uses 0.8 or 1.2 micron (μ syringe filter m)) and subsequently by size exclusion post (as have 150kDa molecular weight cutoff value).Overall diagram has been shown in Fig. 8 A.Shown in Fig. 8 B, filtering is preferred with respect to ultracentrifugation.Not bound by theory, high speed centrifugation is anchored to the protein target in film a little less than can removing, this is with to be anchored to more securely four transmembrane proteins in film contrary, and high speed centrifugation can reduce the cell-specific target in vesica, and it will not be detected in the subsequent analysis of the biological marking to described vesica.
D. described vesica part and the pearl being coupled to for " catching " antibody of target marker thing are hatched always.Use subsequently " detection " antibody (as the antibody of phycoerythrin or FITC coupling) through mark to tag to the vesica of catching.Described pearl also can carry out mark.
E. detect in described sample and catch and tagged vesica.Can be according to detecting fluorescently-labeled pearl shown in Fig. 8 C and detecting antibody.The use of the detection antibody of the pearl of mark and mark allows to assess having with the pearl of the vesica of its combination by capture antibody.Notice that this figure is only the object for illustrating.For example, for various laser, can use different detectors.
F. to data analysis.Can be for meta fluorescence intensity (MFI) setting threshold of specific capture antibody.This capture antibody can represent specific phenotype higher than the reading of described threshold value.As illustrative example, for the capture antibody of cancer markers, can represent the existence of cancer in patient's sample higher than the MFI of threshold value.
In Fig. 8 C, described pearl 816 is flow through kapillary 811.The use of the dual laser apparatus 812 of different wave length allows to detect independently at detector 813 places capture antibody 818 (by being derived from the fluorescent signal of described pearl) and meta fluorescence intensity (MFI) (the detection antibody 819 by mark produces).As directed, allow, in single analysis, different vesica 817 colonies are carried out to multiple analysis from the use of the pearl (each pearl carries out mark with different fluorescence) of the mark of different target capture antibody coupling.Laser 1815 allows pearl type (, capture antibody) to detect, and laser 2814 allows to measure detecting antibody, and it can comprise general vesica mark, such as four transmembrane proteins (comprising CD9, CD63 and CD81).The use of different pearl colonies and laser allows, in single analysis, multiple different vesica colony is carried out to multiple analysis simultaneously.
Fig. 8 D represents to use the general experimental program in this embodiment to detect the example of the vesica in the prostate cancer source that is incorporated into substrate.Catch microcapsule bubble with PCSA, the PSMA or the specific trapping agent of B7H3 that tie in substrate (, pearl).Carry out the vesica that mark is caught thus with fluorescently-labeled four transmembrane protein CD9, CD63 and the specific detection agent of CD81.
The MFI value that uses microballoon test to obtain and the Horizontal correlation of the target protein of measuring by alternative method.Between microballoon test, FACS and the test of BCA albumen, compare the level of the vesica of VCap wash rice.The analytical proof of the vesica of CD9-mark the being closely related property between MFI and the vesica quantity measured by flow cytometer showed, as shown in Fig. 8 E.Also the MFI value of microcapsule bubble test determination is closely related to use PSMA, PCSA and B7H3 to demonstrate as the analysis of vesica mark the total protein concentration from VCaP vesica that uses BCA albumen experimental measurement, as shown in Fig. 8 F.
Microsphere test can be for detecting mark with multiple form, and do not hinder in experimental performance.For example, we find the Competition that does not have the multiplex of the capture antibody different by 6 kinds (PSMA, PCSA, B7-H3, CD9, CD63, CD81) to observe.While operation with substance test form, identical with the MFI recording for each single mark for the MFI of multiple method record.Fig. 8 G has shown and uses the distribution of the MFI value that the test based on cMV that utilizes multiple antibody obtains and comprise the comparison for the distribution of the MFI value of the monospecific antibody of biomarker CD81.Frequency representation is standardized pearl quantity.More also demonstrating under two different unsaturation VCaP vesica concentration of the multiple B7H3 of substance vs., CD63, CD9 and EpCam capture antibody do not disturbed in multiple form, as shown in Fig. 8 H.
embodiment 21: the detection of prostate cancer
High quality training collection sample is available from commercial supplier.Described sample comprises the blood plasma from 42 routine normal prostatic, 42 routine PCa and 15 routine BPH experimenters.Described PCa sample comprises 4 routine III phases and remaining II phase.Described sample before having worked in all experiments were chamber in blind method.
By filtering to remove the particle that exceedes 1.5 microns, then use hollow fiber film tube to carry out the centrifugal and purifying of post, thereby obtain vesica from described sample.Sample described in the use multiple analysis systems analysis based on pearl as described above.
Analyze the antibody for following protein:
A. general vesica (MV) mark: CD9, CD81 and CD63
B. prostate gland MV mark: PCSA
C. relevant MV mark: the EpCam of cancer and B7H3
Sample is required by following quality test: if multiple meta fluorescence intensity (MFI) PSCA+MFI B7H3+MFI EpCam < 200, sample is discarded higher than the signal of background owing to lacking.In described training set, 6 samples (3 normal specimens and 3 prostate cancer samples) do not reach enough quality scores and are excluded.The upper limit of MFI has also been carried out following setting: if the MFI > 6300 of EpCam, test exceeds the scoring of this upper limit and sample and is considered as non-cancer " feminine gender " of described test purpose (, for).
According to 6 kinds of MFI appraisal result for the antibody of training set protein are classified to described sample, wherein must meet the following conditions so that sample classifies as the PCa positive:
A. the average MFI > 1500 of general MV mark
b.PCSA?MFI＞300
c.B7H3MFI＞550
D.EpCam MFI is between 550 and 6300
Use described 84 normal and PCa training data samples, described test is found to have 98% sensitivity and 95% specificity for the relative normal specimens of PCA.Referring to Fig. 9 A.The MFI improving than PCa sample with normal phase has been shown in Fig. 9 B.Compare with traditional PSA and PCA3 test, the PCa test in the present embodiment can make 220 male sex avoid the hardship of unnecessary tissue biopsy in the normal male of every 1000 examinations.
embodiment 22: microballoon vesica prostate cancer analytical plan
In the present embodiment, vesica PCa test is the immunoassay based on microballoon for detection of protein biomarker collection, and described protein biomarker is present in from suffering from prostate cancer experimenter's the vesica of blood plasma.Described test is used the specific antibody for following protein biomarker: CD9, CD59, CD63, CD81, PSMA, PCSA, B7H3 and EpCAM.The microballoon applying by antibody is caught after vesica, by the antibody of phycoerythrin mark for detection of vesica specific biological mark.That carries out prostate cancer whether to exist according to these antibody and the combination level of the vesica from experimenter's blood plasma determines.
Separate vesica according to the above.
microballoon
By specific antibodies and the coupling of microballoon (Luminex) phase, afterwards described microballoon is combined to prepare the main mixture of microballoon, it is made up of L100-C105-01, L100-C115-01, L100-C119-01, L100-C120-01, L100-C122-01, L100-C124-01, L100-C135-01 and L100-C175-01.
Figure BPA0000186429140002861
classification Calibration Microspheres L100-CAL1 (Luminex) is used for Luminex LX200 instrument as equipment Alignment reagent.
Figure BPA0000186429140002862
reporter Calibration Microspheres L100-CAL2 (Luminex) is used for Luminex LX200 instrument as device report calibrating reagent.
Figure BPA0000186429140002863
classification Control Microspheres L100-CON1 (Luminex) is used for Luminex LX200 instrument as device control reagent.
Figure BPA0000186429140002864
reporter Control Microspheres L100-CON2 (Luminex) controls reagent for Luminex LX200 instrument as report.
Capture antibody
In the present embodiment, by following antibody for applying Luminex microballoon with by catch specific vesica colony in conjunction with its corresponding protein target on vesica: a. mouse anti human CD9 monoclonal antibody is IgG2b, and it is for applying microballoon L100-C105 with preparation * EPCLMACD9-C105; B. mouse anti human PSMA monoclonal antibody is IgG1, and it is for applying microballoon L100-C115 with preparation EPCLMAPSMA-C115; C. mouse anti human PCSA monoclonal antibody is IgG1, and it is for applying microballoon L100-C119 with preparation EPCLMAPCSA-C119; D. mouse anti human CD63 monoclonal antibody is IgG1, and it is for applying microballoon L100-C120 with preparation EPCLMACD63-C120; E. mouse anti human CD81 monoclonal antibody is IgG1, and it is for applying microballoon L100-C124 with preparation EPCLMACD81-C124; F. goat anti human B 7-H 3 monoclonal antibody is IgG antibody purification, and it is for applying microballoon L100-C125 with preparation EPCLGAB7-H3-C125; And g. mouse anti human EpCAM monoclonal antibody is IgG2b antibody purification, it is for applying microballoon L100-C175 with preparation EPCLMAEpCAM-C175.
Detect antibody
Following phycoerythrin (PE) traget antibody is used as detection probes: a.EPCLMACD81PE in this analysis: mouse anti human CD81PE traget antibody is IgG1 antibody, and it is for detection of the CD81 catching on vesica; B.EPCLMACD9PE: mouse anti human CD9PE traget antibody is IgG1 antibody, and it is for detection of the CD9 catching on vesica; C.EPCLMACD63PE: mouse anti human CD63PE traget antibody is IgG1 antibody, and it is for detection of the CD63 catching on vesica; D.EPCLMAEpCAMPE: mouse anti human EpCAM PE traget antibody is IgG1 antibody, and it is for detection of the EpCAM catching on vesica; E.EPCLMAPSMAPE: mouse anti human PSMA PE traget antibody is IgG1 antibody, and it is for detection of the PSMA catching on vesica; F.EPCLMACD59PE: mouse anti human CD59PE traget antibody is IgG1 antibody, and it is for detection of the CD59 catching on vesica; And g.EPCLMAB7-H3PE: mouse anti human B7-H3PE traget antibody is IgG1 antibody, and it is for detection of the B7-H3 catching on vesica.
Reagent preparation
antibody purification: the following antibody in table 12 is carried out purifying and is adjusted to required working concentration from retailer and according to following scheme.
Table 12: the antibody of analyzing for PCa
Antibody Purposes
EPCLMACD9 The microballoon of catching for vesica applies
EPCLMACD63 The microballoon of catching for vesica applies
EPCLMACD81 The microballoon of catching for vesica applies
EPCLMAPSMA The microballoon of catching for vesica applies
EPCLGAB7-H3 The microballoon of catching for vesica applies
EPCLMAEpCAM The microballoon of catching for vesica applies
EPCLMAPCSA The microballoon of catching for vesica applies
EPCLMACD81PE The PE detecting for vesica biomarker applies antibody
EPCLMACD9PE The PE detecting for vesica biomarker applies antibody
EPCLMACD63PE The PE detecting for vesica biomarker applies antibody
EPCLMAEpCAMPE The PE detecting for vesica biomarker applies antibody
EPCLMAPSMAPE The PE detecting for vesica biomarker applies antibody
EPCLMACD59PE The PE detecting for vesica biomarker applies antibody
EPCLMAB7-H3PE The PE detecting for vesica biomarker applies antibody
Antibody purification scheme: use protein G resin (Protein G spin kit, the production number 89979) antibody purification from Pierce.By miniature chromatographic column prepared the P-200 suction nozzle by filtering for purifying.
Use and from 100 μ l damping fluids of described Pierce test kit, the protein G resin of 100 μ l is loaded in each micro-column.Waiting several minutes so that after described resin settled, use when needed P-200 pipettor (Pipettman) to apply air pressure to drain damping fluid, and guarantee that this post can not be dried.Use binding buffer liquid (pH7.4,100mM phosphate buffered saline buffer, the 150mM NaCl of 0.6ml; (Pierce, production number 89979)) this post of balance.Antibody is applied to this post (antibody of < 1mg is loaded on this post).Use 1.5ml binding buffer liquid to wash this post.Prepare 5 pipes (1.5ml micro-centrifuge tube) and 10 μ l neutralization solutions (Pierce, production number 89979) have been applied to each pipe.Use from the elution buffer of described test kit by antibody elution to each pipe of described 5 pipes, every pipe 100ul (amounts to 500 μ l).Use Nanodrop (Thermo scientific, Nanodrop1000 spectrophotometer) under 280nm, to measure the relative absorbancy of each fraction.The fraction that selection has the highest OD reading is used for downstream.Use Pierce Slide-A-Lyzer Dialysis Cassette (Pierce, production number 66333,3KDa cutoff) with 0.25 liter of PBS damping fluid described sample of dialysing.At 4 ℃ under continuous stirring state, every 2 hours exchange buffering liquid, minimumly carries out three times and changes.Subsequently dialysed sample is transferred in 1.5ml micro-centrifuge tube, and can identifies and be stored under 4 ℃ (short-terms) or-20 ℃ (for a long time).
the assembling of microballoon workable mixtures: microballoon workable mixtures MWM101 comprises antibody, microballoon and the coating microballoon of front four rows in table 13.
Table 13: antibody-microballoon combination
Antibody Microballoon Apply microballoon
EPCLMACD9 L100-C105 EPCLMACD9-C105
EPCLMACD63 L100-C120 EPCLMACD63-C120
EPCLMACD81 L100-C124 EPCLMACD81-C124
EPCLMAPSMA L100-C115 EPCLMAPSMA-C115
EPCLGAB7-H3 L100-C125 EPCLGAB7-H3-C125
bEPCLMAEpCAM L100-C175 EPCLMAEpCAM-C175
EPCLMAPCSA L100-C119 EPCLMAPCSA-C119
According to following scheme use above listed its separately corresponding antibody apply microballoon.
be used for the scheme of two step carbodiimide couplings of protein and carboxylation microballoon: should be protected in order to avoid be exposed to for a long time under light at microballoon described in this process.According to the not coupling raw material microballoon of indication resuspension described in the product information page providing with described microballoon (xMAP technologies, MicroPlex TM Microspheres).5 × 106 raw material microballoons are transferred in USA Scientific1.5m1 micro-centrifuge tube.By at room temperature carry out the micro-centrifugal raw material microballoon that precipitates of 1-2 minute with >=8000 × g.Remove supernatant liquor and approximately 20 seconds the microballoon of precipitation be resuspended in the dH2O of 100 μ l by vortex and supersound process.By at room temperature carry out the micro-centrifugal microballoon that precipitates of 1-2 minute with >=8000 × g.Remove supernatant liquor and will be resuspended to the 100mM SODIUM PHOSPHATE, MONOBASIC of 80 μ l through the microballoon cleaning approximately 20 seconds by vortex and supersound process (Branson1510, Branson ULTrasonics Corp.), in pH6.2.The 50mg/ml Sulfo-NHS of 10 μ l (Thermo Scientific, numbering 24500) (being diluted in dH2O) is added to described microballoon and gently mixes by vortex.The 50mg/ml EDC of 10 μ l (Thermo Scientific, numbering 25952-53-8) (being diluted in dH2O) is added to described microballoon and gently mixes by vortex.At room temperature hatch described microballoon 20 minutes and gently mix by vortex with the interval of 10 minutes.By at room temperature carry out the micro-centrifugal microballoon activating that precipitates of 1-2 minute with >=8000 × g.Remove supernatant liquor and approximately 20 seconds described microballoon was resuspended to the 50mM MES of 250 μ l by vortex and supersound process, in pH5.0 (MES, Sigma, numbering M2933).(only ((Sigma (P3688-10PAK+0.05% sodiumazide (S8032))) should serve as analysis buffer and lavation buffer solution uses for PBS-1%BSA+ trinitride (PBS-BN).) precipitate described microballoon by room temperature carrying out 1-2 minute micro-centrifugal with >=8000 × g subsequently.
Remove supernatant liquor and approximately 20 seconds described microballoon was resuspended to the 50mM MES of 250 μ l by vortex and supersound process, in pH5.0 (MES, Sigma, numbering M2933).(only ((Sigma (P3688-10PAK+0.05% sodiumazide (S8032))) should serve as analysis buffer and lavation buffer solution uses for PBS-1%BSA+ trinitride (PBS-BN).) precipitate described microballoon by room temperature carrying out 1-2 minute micro-centrifugal with >=8000 × g subsequently, complete therefrom 50mM MES, twice washing that pH5.0 carries out.
Remove supernatant liquor and by activating and the microballoon of washing is resuspended to the 50mM MES of 100 μ l in vortex and approximately 20 seconds of supersound process, in pH5.0.The protein of 125,25,5 or 1 μ g amount is added to the microballoon of resuspension.(note: can carry out titration to measure the optimum protein quality of each concrete linked reaction within the scope of 1 to 125 μ g.) using 50mM MES, cumulative volume is adjusted to 500 μ l by pH5.0.At room temperature mix by vortex mixed linked reaction thing and by it under (by Labquake rotator, being rotated on Bamstead) and hatch 2 hours.By at room temperature carry out the micro-centrifugal microballoon that precipitates coupling of 1-2 minute with >=8000 × g.Remove supernatant liquor and approximately 20 seconds the microballoon of described precipitation be resuspended in the PBS-TBN of 500 μ l by vortex mixed and supersound process.(can optimize concentration for the concrete reagent using, analysis condition, multiplexing level etc.)
Described microballoon at room temperature follows mixing (by Labquake rotator, being rotated on Barnstead) to hatch 30 minutes.By at room temperature carry out the micro-centrifugal microballoon that precipitates coupling of 1-2 minute with >=8000 × g.Remove supernatant liquor and approximately 20 seconds described microballoon be resuspended in the PBS-TBN of 1ml by vortex and supersound process.(carry out sample at every turn, when detecting antibody or SA-PE and adding, use sealer and shade (such as aluminium foil) to cover described flat board, be placed on whirling vibration device, and be set in 900 times lasting 15-30 seconds with pearl described in resuspension.The time that afterwards, Speed Setting should continued to hatch for 550 times).
Micro-centrifugally precipitate described microballoon by what carry out 1-2 minute with >=8000 × g.Remove described supernatant liquor and approximately 20 seconds described microballoon be resuspended in the PBS-TBN of 1ml by vortex and supersound process.By the micro-centrifugal described microballoon (obtain use 1mlPBS-TBN to carry out twice washing of total) that precipitates that carries out 1-2 minute with >=8000 × g.
microballoon analytical plan: the preparation that detects antibody according to the multiple phycoerythrin of the use of describing in embodiment 4.Upper according to system handbook (high PMT arranges) analysis 100 μ l at Luminex analyser (Luminex200, xMAP technologies).
decision tree: the decision tree in Figure 10 for assessment of the result from described microballoon analysis to determine whether experimenter suffers from cancer.Set up the threshold of MFI and according to the result of the MFI score of described antibody to sample classification, thereby determine sample whether have enough signals for implement analyze (as, be effective sample or be invalid sample for further analysis for analysis, can obtain in this case second experimenter's sample) and described sample whether be the PCa positive.Figure 10 shows the decision tree that uses the MFI obtaining with PCSA, PSMA, B7-H3, CD9, CD81 and CD63.If within the standard deviation of described MFI in predetermined threshold value (TH), sample is classified as uncertain.In this case, can obtain second experimenter's sample.For verifying, in the time using single four transmembrane proteins to catch vesica and use whole four transmembrane proteins to carry out mark, described sample must have enough signals.Be considered positive and described cancer markers (B7-H3) and be also considered in positive situation if arbitrary in described prostate specific mark (PSMA or PCSA), the sample that has passed through checking is called the positive.
result: referring to embodiment 23.
embodiment 23: microballoon vesica PCa analytical performance
In the present embodiment, described vesica PCa test is the immunoassay based on microballoon for detection of a histone matter biomarker, and described protein biomarker is present in from suffering from experimenter's the vesica of blood plasma of prostate cancer.Test class is similar to the test of embodiment 22 carries out, its change shown in having below.
Described test is used and is designed for the multiple immunoassay that detects circulation microcapsule bubble.Described test use PCSA, PSMA and B7H3 with catch the microcapsule bubble being present in experimenter's sample (such as blood plasma) and use CD9, CD81 and CD63 to detect the microcapsule bubble of being caught.The result of this analysis is the meta fluorescence intensity (MFI) being produced by the antibody capture to microcapsule bubble (described microcapsule bubble comprises the single capture protein on this microcapsule bubble and detects protein) and fluorescently-labeled antibody test.If contain the definite threshold value of MFI horizontal exceeding experience of the microcapsule bubble of PSMA or PCSA and B7H3 albumen, be " positive " according to this test sample.The embodiment 33 that is presented in international patent application series No.PCT/US2011/031479 that on April 6th, 2011 submits to and that denomination of invention is " Circulating Biomarkers for Disease " for the method for definite threshold, this application is all incorporated to herein by reference.If these two kinds of microcapsule bubbles are caught any one in classification and shown the MFI level lower than experience definite threshold, sample is defined as " feminine gender ".Or, make sample MFI can not produce clearly positive or negative result if the Data Representation that does not meet specific threshold value or replicate(determination) due to MFI value goes out excessive statistical discrepancy, the result of report " indefinite ".The explanation of " can not assess " for this test represents that this experimenter's sample comprises for the inadequate microcapsule bubble amount of analysis.The method of the threshold value obtaining for mensuration experience is referring to the embodiment 33 of international patent application series No.PCT/US2011/031479.
Described test is used the specific antibody for following protein biomarker: as the CD9 in embodiment 22, CD59, CD63, CD81, PSMA, PCSA and B7H3.Summarize according to table 14, set decision rules for determining whether sample is called the positive, feminine gender or indefinite.Also referring to embodiment 22.For being called as positive sample, the test repeating must exceed whole four MFI cutoffs of determining for four transmembrane protein marks (CD9, CD63, CD81), prostate gland mark (PSMA or PCSA) and B7H3.If from two kinds in three repeated tests of PSMA and PCSA or crossed over MFI cutoff from any one in three repeated tests of B7H3 antibody, sample is called as indefinite.If at least one in four transmembrane protein marks (CD9, CD63 and CD81), prostate gland mark (PSMA or PCSA), B7H3 be lower than MFI cutoff, sample is called as negative.
Table 14: the MFI parameter of each capture antibody
Figure BPA0000186429140002921
Described vesica PCa test is compared with the PSA that confirms by tissue biopsy to suffer from or do not suffer from the raising of 296 experimenters' of Pca cohort.The ROC curve of described result has been shown in Figure 11.According to demonstration, the area under curve (AUC) of vesica PCa test is 0.94, and the AUC of the PSA improving in same sample is only 0.68.PCa sample is probably because high PSA value is found.Therefore this colony is subject to tending to twisting of PSA, and this has caused the AUC higher than true clinical setting.
Further in the population groups of 933 experimenter's plasma samples, carry out vesica PCa test.The results are summarized in table 15.
Table 15: vesica PCa tests the performance in 933 experimenter's cohort
True positives 409
True negative 307
False positive 50
False negative 72
Can not assess 63
Indefinite 32
Amount to 933
? ?
Sensitivity 85％
Specificity 86％
Accuracy
85％
Can not assessment ratio 8％
Indefinite rate 5％
Shown in table 15, vesica PCa test has realized 85% level of sensitivity with 86% specificity level, has reached 85% accuracy.In contrast, PSA has approximately 55% specificity under 85% sensitivity, and PSA has approximately 5% sensitivity under 86% specificity.Referring to Figure 11.In 933 routine samples, approximately 12% for not appreciable or indefinite.Can heavily collect and reappraise from described experimenter's sample.Vesica PCa test has 0.92 AUC for described 933 routine samples.
embodiment 24: for detection of the vesicle protein matter array of prostate cancer
In the present embodiment, implement vesica PCa test by using protein array (more specifically, antibody array) to detect to be present in from suffering from protein biomarker collection on prostate cancer experimenter's the vesica of blood plasma.Described array comprises the specific capture antibody of following protein biomarker: CD9, CD59, CD63, CD81.According to separation vesica mentioned above, as, in embodiment 20.The vesica of blood plasma from the male sex (such as the male sex who exceedes 50 years old) who has PCa risk is being filtered and after separating, and plasma sample is hatched together with carrying the array of various capture antibodies.The combination level that detects antibody according to fluorescent mark for PSMA, PCSA, B7H3 and EpCAM is carried out whether determine of prostate cancer existence, and described antibody combines in the vesica of described array with the hybridization from experimenter's blood plasma.
In the second array format, vesica from blood plasma, separate and with the hybridization array that comprises CD9, CD59, CD63, CD81, PSMA, PCSA, B7H3 and EpCAM.Use and with the non-specific vesica antibody of Cy3 and/or Cy5 mark, the vesica of catching is tagged.Detect fluorescence.Depend on the pattern of combination, carry out whether determine of prostate cancer existence.
embodiment 25: use miR to distinguish BPH and PCa
In Exiqon mIRCURY LNA microRNA PCR system group, analyze and 9 RNAs that suffer from the individual source plasma vesica of 3 phase prostate cancers individual from 9 normal males.Exiqon384 orifice plate group is measured 750 kinds of miR.Sample is normalized with respect to the contrast primer of the synthetic RNA filler (spike-in) for Universal cDNA synthetic agent box.Normalized value by each probe on three data sets of each indication (indication) (BPH or PCa) is in addition average.Have higher than the probe of 20% average CV% and be not used in analysis.
The analysis of described result has been disclosed compared with 3 phase prostate cancer samples in BPH sample to 2 times or cross higher the multiple microRNA of expressing.These miR comprise: hsa-miR-329, hsa-miR-30a, hsa-miR-335, hsa-miR-152, hsa-miR-151-5p, hsa-miR-200a and hsa-miR-145, as shown in table 16 go out:
Table 16: the miR that crosses expression in BPH with respect to PCa
In BPH, cross expression with respect to PCa Multiple changes
hsa-miR-329 12.32
hsa-miR-30a 6.16
hsa-miR-335 6
hsa-miR-152 4.73
hsa-miR-151-5p 3.16
hsa-miR-200a 3.16
hsa-miR-145 2.35
embodiment 26: the miR-145 in contrast and PCa sample
Figure 12 shows the comparison of miR-145 in contrast and prostate cancer sample.Collect as described in example 12 above RNA.Contrast comprises the > Caucasian of 75 years old and the > non-descendants American of 65 years old of PSA < 4ng/ml and optimum digital rectal examination.As seen in Fig., miR-145 expresses not enough in PCa sample.MiR-145 can be used for suffering from respect to the Individual identification with benign prostate variation (as BPH) individuality of in early days/latent (indolent) Pca.
embodiment 27: for strengthening the miR of vesica diagnositc analysis performance
According to described herein, vesica result concentrated and that assess to provide diagnosis, prognosis or treatment to diagnose in experimenter's plasma sample is exported.According to described herein, the vesica analysis of experimenter's sample comprises the detection to vesica surface biological mark (as surface antigen) and/or vesica useful load (as mRNA and microRNA).Can assess useful load in vesica to strengthen analytical performance.For example, Figure 13 A shows the miR using in vesica and analyzes false negative is converted into the schematic diagram of the scheme of true positives, has improved thus sensitivity.In this scheme, according to vesica surface antigen, analysis is called as the useful load in vesica and further turned out to be true negative or true positives by assessment of negative sample.Similarly, Figure 13 B shows the miR using in vesica and analyzes false positive is converted into the schematic diagram of the scheme of true negative, has improved thus specificity.In this scheme, according to vesica surface antigen, analysis is called as the useful load in vesica and further turned out to be true negative or true positives by assessment of positive sample.
Comprise the vesica whether existing to detect indication prostate cancer from separate vesica from experimenter's blood sample for the diagnostic test of prostate cancer.For example,, referring to embodiment 20-23.Described blood can be serum or blood plasma." capture antibody " of identifying specific vesica surface antigen by use caught and separated vesica.Comprise four transmembrane protein CD9, CD63 and CD81 (it is conventionally present on the vesica of blood and therefore plays a role as general vesica biomarker), prostate specific biomarker PSMA and PCSA and cancer specific biomarker B7H3 for the surface antigen of Diagnosis of prostate cancer.Described capture antibody mooring is on fluorescently-labeled pearl, and wherein said pearl carries out otherness mark for each capture antibody.Use and for four transmembrane protein CD9, CD63 and CD81 fluorescently-labeled " detection antibody ", the vesica of catching is further highlighted.From the fluorescence of described pearl and described detection antibody for the vesica amount measuring plasma sample and express described surface antigen for described Diagnosis of prostate cancer.Fluorescence level in sample and reference level (it can be different from the sample with prostate cancer) are compared.In the present embodiment, microRNA analysis is for strengthening the performance of the Diagnosis of prostate cancer based on vesica.
Figure 13 C shows by the detected result of miR-107 in the sample of the Diagnosis of prostate cancer assessment based on vesica.Figure 13 D shows by the detected result of miR-141 in the sample of the Diagnosis of prostate cancer assessment based on vesica.In the figure, the normalization method level of the miR indicating illustrates in Y-axis, and it is the alleged false positive (FP) of the alleged true positives of vesica diagnositc analysis (TP), vesica diagnositc analysis alleged true negative (TN), vesica diagnositc analysis and the alleged false negative (FN) of vesica diagnositc analysis.Shown in Figure 13 C, the use of miR-107 has been strengthened by false negative and true negative distinguishing to (p=0.0008) sensitivity that vesica is analyzed.Figure 13 E shown and used different sample groups, compared with not suffering from the patient of prostate cancer, and the confirmation of the miR-107 increasing in the blood plasma cMV of patients with prostate cancer.Similarly, Figure 13 D also shows, the use of miR-141 has been strengthened by false negative and true negative distinguishing to (p=0.0001) sensitivity that vesica is analyzed.The result of adding miR-141 has been shown in table 17.The performance of miR-574-3p is similar.
Table 17: add miR-141 in the PCa test based on vesica
? Without miR-141 There is miR-141
Sensitivity
85％ 98％
Specificity 86％ 86％
In the present embodiment, detect vesica by the surface antigen of indication prostate cancer, and further support the performance of the described marking by detecting the miR in vesica, that is, in the situation that specificity not being caused to disadvantageous effect, improve sensitivity.Can expand for wherein vesica being carried out to somatotype for surface antigen or out of Memory feature this basic skills, subsequently one or more other biomarkers are used for strengthening any situation of phenetic analysis.Herein, described one or more other biomarkers are miR.It also can comprise mRNA, soluble proteins, lipid, carbohydrate and can be used for characterizing any other vesica associated biomolecule entity of target phenotype.
embodiment 28: vesica separation and detection method
Except method mentioned above, thereby the separation and detection that large metering method known to those of skill in the art can be used for vesica is implemented method of the present invention.The illustrative that is below several these class methods is described.
glass microballon. can be from Illumina, Inc.San Diego, CA, the VeraCode/BeadXpress that USA obtains.Step is as follows:
1. by antibody and the direct coupling of available carboxylic group are prepared to described pearl.
2. be enclosed in the lip-deep nonspecific binding site of described pearl.
3. described pearl is made an addition in vesica enriched material sample.
4. the described sample of washing is to remove unconjugated vesica.
5. fluorescent-labeled antibody is used as detecting antibody, it should be combined specifically with vesica.
6. wash plate is to remove unconjugated detection antibody.
7. the fluorescence of measuring plate hole is to determine existing of vesica.
enzyme Linked Immunoadsorbent Assay (ELISA). the method for carrying out ELISA is known for those skilled in the art.Step is conventionally as follows:
1. preparation surface, the capture antibody of known quantity is combined thereon.
2. be enclosed in described lip-deep nonspecific binding site.
By vesica sample application in this plate.
4. the described plate of washing is to remove unconjugated vesica.
5. the one-level antibody that application connects as the enzyme that detects antibody, it is also combined specifically with described vesica.
6. the described plate of washing is to remove unconjugated antibody-enzyme conjugates.
7. applied chemistry preparation, it is become color, fluorescence or electrochemical signals by described enzymatic conversion.
8. absorbancy, fluorescence or the electrochemical signals (as electric current) of measuring described plate hole are to determine existing and measuring of vesica.
electrochemiluminescence detects to be analyzed. can be available from Meso Scale Discovery, Gaithersburg, MD, USA:
1. by selected 5mL damping fluid (as PBS, TBS, HEPES) and 1%Triton X-100 (final concentration 0.015%) combination of 75 μ l are applied to damping fluid to prepare plate.
2. dilution capture antibody to be coated.
3. use plate to apply the dilution capture antibody that damping fluid (containing Triton) is prepared every hole 5 μ l.
4. the capture antibody of 5 μ l dilutions is directly applied to the center of working electrode surface, note not destroying dielectric medium.Small droplets should diffuse in time the edge of dielectric barrier but not cross described edge.
5. make plate not cover and non-hold over night intrusively.
The sample that comprises vesica and the solution that comprises marker detection antibody are added to described plate hole.Described detection antibody is the anti-target antibody with electrochemiluminescence compound MSD SULFO-TAG marker mark.Be present in that vesica in the sample capture antibody on being fixed on electrode is combined and the target of described marker detection antibody on described vesica is combined, thereby completed sandwich form (sandwich).Add MSD playback buffer liquid to provide electrochemiluminescence to detect necessary environment.Plate is inserted and reads, in plate instrument, wherein voltage to be put on plate electrode, and this marker that causes being incorporated into electrode surface is luminous.Read plate instrument and detect light emitted intensity so that the quantitative measurment to vesica amount in described sample to be provided.
nano particle. organize gold nano grain more and use the independent antibody of being combined with each particle to be prepared.On slide, concentrated microcapsule bubble and single pearl type are hatched 4 hours at 37 ℃.If there is enough targets, there is the chroma offset from redness to purple.Each target is carried out to described analysis independently.Gold nano grain can be available from Nanosphere, Inc., Northbrook, Illinois, USA.
nanosight.can use the detection of particles of optics to measure the diameter of one or more vesicas.Referring to the United States Patent (USP) 7,751,053 that is entitled as " Optical Detection andAnalysis ofParticles " of authorizing on July 6th, 2010; And the United States Patent (USP) 7,399,600 that is entitled as " Optical Detection and Analysis of Particles " of mandate on July 15th, 2010.Particle it is counted described in also can mark, thus the amount of different vesicas in sample or vesica colony can be assessed.
kRAS order-checking in embodiment 29:CRC clone and patient's sample
KRAS RNA separates and checks order from the vesica from CRC clone.Before order-checking, RNA is transformed into cDNA.In the clone of listing in table 18, check order:
Table 18:CRC clone and KRAS sequence
Figure BPA0000186429140002981
Table 18 and Figure 14 have shown that the sudden change that detects in the genomic dna from clone also detects in the contained RNA of the vesica that is derived from this clone.Figure 14 has shown the cDNA sequence (Figure 14 A) that is derived from vesica mRNA in HCT116 cell and the sequence (Figure 14 B) of genomic dna.
12 CRC patient's samples are checked order for KRAS.As shown in Table 19, be all wild-type (WT).All patient's samples have been accepted DNase processing in RNA leaching process.Extract RNA from the vesica separating.12 patient's samples for GAPDH amplification all show that RNA is present in their vesica.
Table 19:CRC patient's sample and KRAS sequence
Figure BPA0000186429140002991
Find that therein patient is during KRAS13G > A suddenlys change patient's sample positive, from the KRAS sudden change of CRC patient tumors sample also can be derived from same patient's source plasma vesica identified go out.Figure 14 has shown the sequence (Figure 14 C) that is derived from the cDNA of vesica mRNA in blood plasma in this patient and the genomic dna (Figure 14 D) that is derived from FF paraffin embedding (FFPE) tumor sample.
embodiment 30: the immunoprecipitation of protein-nucleic acid mixture
This embodiment checked be included in the mixture of Ago2, apolipoproteins AI and GW182 in blood plasma in the level of miRNA.Especially, precipitate postevaluation miRNA level with the antibody co-immunization of Ago2, apolipoproteins AI and GW182.
In order to carry out immunoprecipitation, use the antibody incubation human plasma in conjunction with anti-Ago2, apolipoproteins AI, GW182 and the IgG contrast of Protein G pearl.In order to prepare described pearl, by the anti-AGO2 (ab57113 of 10 μ g, lot GR29117-1, Abcam, Cambridge, MA), anti-ApoAI (PAI-22558, Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA), anti-GW182 (A302-330A, Bethyl Labs, Montgomery, or anti-IgG (sc-205 TX), Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA) with Magnabind Protein G pearl (Cat.#21349, Thermo Scientific) or Dynabead Protein G (Cat.#100.04D, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) coupling.200 μ l pearls are put into 1.5ml eppendorf pipe and be placed in magnetic separator (Cat.#S1509S, New England Biolabs, Ipswich, WA) upper one minute.Remove storage damping fluid and abandon.Pearl is washed once with 200ml phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (PBS).Make antibody under room temperature (RT) in 200 μ l PBS in conjunction with pearl 20 minutes, then at 4 ℃ 90 minutes again.The pearl of antibodies is placed in to magnetic separator upper one minute.Remove and abandon unconjugated antibody.With ice-cold PBS by pearl washing three times.
The pearl of antibody coupling is resuspended in 200 μ l PBS, and mixes from normal subjects's's (, not with cancer) human plasma with 200 μ l.Make mixture on Thermo Scientific Labquake Shaker/Rotisserie, roll and spend the night at 4 ℃.After overnight incubation, pearl is placed in to upper 1 minute of magnetic separator or until solution becomes clarification., and wash once with 200 μ l NP-40 lavation buffer solutions (1%NP-40,50mM Tris-HCl, pH7.4,150mM NaCl and 2mM EDTA) pearl washing three times with the cold PBS of 200 μ l.After NP-40 damping fluid washing, sample is rinsed once again with the cold PBS of 200 μ l.Pearl is placed in to magnetic separator upper one minute.Pearl becomes original original volume again in 200 μ l PBS.3/4ths sample is separated for RNA according to described before (Arroyo etc., 2011).Remaining being stored in-20 ℃ are analyzed for Western.
Use respectively ABI Taqman detection kit ABI_391 and ABI_431 (Applied Biosystems, Carlasbad, CA) to carry out the RNA of screening and separating for miR-16 and miR-92a.Carry out quantitative RNA with respect to synthetic standards product.Collect supernatant liquor, and analyze selected miRNA (miR-16 and miR-92a).The miR-16 detecting and the level of miR-92a are shown in Figure 15.Respectively as shown in Figure 15 A and Figure 15 B to contrast much higher level than IgG, use Magnabeads (relatively bar be expressed as " pearl (Beads) ") Ago2 and GW182 co-immunization precipitation.For technical reason, use the co-immunization precipitation of Dynabeads unsuccessful, it is not further studied.
Comprise the nucleoprotein complex (RNP) of vesica and/or circulation A go2-combination from the potential source of the miRNA of human plasma.Can use catching from separate miR with the mixture of AGO1-4 with vesica simultaneously of GW182.This embodiment has shown miR-16 and miR-92a AGO2 and GW182 co-immunization precipitation in human plasma.
embodiment 31: flow cytometer showed and the sorting of cell, vesica and protein-nucleic acid mixture
This embodiment provides for cell, circulation microcapsule bubble (cMV) and the flow cytometer showed of protein-nucleic acid mixture and the experimental program of sorting.Can use any suitable antibodies of identification target marker thing.This experimental program can be applied to different sample sources, as from cell culture or from the analysis of cell, vesica and the mixture of various body fluid.
1) airflow classification microRNA mixture
Can using-system specific biological mark come separation source from the circulation microRNA of particular organization to separate microcapsule bubble and other microRNA mixtures.This embodiment has shown that in human plasma, the microRNA in the two positive subpopulations of PCSA/Ago2 can be distinguished prostate cancer and non-cancer.
In embodiment 17, experimenter and three plasma samples of not suffering from the male subject of prostate cancer of suffering from prostate cancer from three are processed with concentrating vesicles.Use the optimization anti-PCSA (prostate specific biomarker) of concentration and the antibody (ab57113, lot GR29117-1, Abcam, Cambridge, MA) of Ago2 by concentrated vesica dyeing.Antibody used is to use the anti-PCSA of PE mark and the anti-Ago2 with FITC mark.Use the isotype control antibodies of coupling to set positive gate to limit positive and negative region.The colony of sorting is selected in region based on shown in Figure 16.By Beckman Coulter MoFlo-XDP cell sorter and flow cytometer for separating of positive events, use high purity to divide lectotype (, " purity 1 (Purify1)/droplet (Drop) ") to guarantee the purity > 90% of sorting event.MoFlo-XDP can be to come sorting Liang Ge colony up to the speed of 50,000 events per second.In order to ensure purity and the efficiency of grain sorting, speed is on average in a 200-300 per second event.By in positive events sorting to a three 2ml test tube, and preserve for miR subsequently and analyze.
Once sorting, evaluates the microRNA content from each prostate specific subpopulation.Carry out total concentrated source plasma microcapsule bubble relatively time, between prostate cancer (PrC) and non-cancer sample (, normally), almost do not observe the differential expression (Figure 17 A) of miR-22.Utilize separation to observe similar result (Figure 17 B) from the average copy number level of miR-22 of total RNA of the two colonies of each PCSA/Ago2.In the situation that not considering microRNA level, do not distinguish significantly cancer and non-cancer (Figure 17 C) from the quantity of the two positive events of the PCSA/Ago2 of each plasma sample.But, the number of the miR-22 copy of observing from each sorting during divided by particular event number from each sorting, has been observed to obvious separation (Figure 17 D) between prostate cancer and non-cancer.In the later case, with normal phase ratio, the two higher levels of miR-22 of positive mixture of every PCSA/Ago2 in all PCa plasma samples, have been observed.
The anti-four transmembrane protein antibody test vesicas that this experimental program can be expanded first to identify cMV by using detect and/or sorting cMV.For example, can use PE mouse Anti-Human CD9, BD555372, PE mouse Anti-Human CD63, BD556020 and PE mouse Anti-Human CD81, after BD555676 dyeing, first sorted sample.Then can as above assess the PCSA/Ago of institute's sorting vesica.
2) airflow classification cell and vesica
Use Beckman Coulter MoFlo tMxDP flow cytometer and cell sorter determine on VCaP cell and VCaP vesica shown in protein expression.For cell dyeing, by VCaP cellular segregation, and wash in PBS.About 3 × 106 cells are resuspended in 1ml Fc lock solution (Innovex Biosciences, part#NB309), and at 4 ℃, hatch 10 minutes.By 100ul equal portions (3 × 10 6individual cell) be transferred in Dyeing pipe, at 500 μ l lavation buffer solution (eBiosciences, catalogue #00-4222) middle washing is once, and be resuspended to 80-100 μ l PBS-BN (phosphate buffered saline (PBS), pH6.4,1%BSA and 0.05% sodiumazide) in, and the concentration of antibody shown in optimizing in advance.Antibody/cell solution is hatched 30 minutes in the dark at 4 ℃, and in 100ul PBS-BN, washing once, is resuspended in 250 μ l PBS-BN, and analyzes in MoFlo analyser.
Before evaluating, use the integrated compensation software of Summit software, the compensation pearl for FITC and PE that utilizes business to buy, compensates cell counter.For cell, be 2.5 for the gain (Gain) of linear FSC passage, use the linear SSC with voltage 491 and gain 1.0, there is the FL1 of voltage 433 and gain 1.0 and there is voltage 400 and the FL2 of gain 1.0.For vesica, the voltage that the gain of FSC is increased to 3.5, FL1 increases to 501, and the voltage of FL2 increases to 432, to improve more short grained detection.
Beckman Coulter MoFlo tMxDP flow cytometer and cell sorter are also for the various vesica of sorting colony in the following manner.Use optimize concentration for shown in the antibody staining circulation MV (cMV) of protein.Use the isotype control antibodies of coupling to set positive gate, to limit positive and negative region.By MoFlo sorter use high purity divide lectotype (that is, " purity 1Drop) for separating of positive events, the purity > 90% of sorting event to guarantee.MoFlo can be with the speed sorting Liang Ge colony up to 50,000 event/seconds.But for these sortings, in order to ensure purity and the efficiency of grain sorting, speed is average 200-300 event/second.The evaluation that uses subsequently the sorting colony of equal portions to rerun on cell counter has confirmed the purity > 90% of colony.By positive events sorting to 2ml pipe.The vesica of sorting can, for further analysis, for example, can be assessed the miR content in institute's sorting vesica.
embodiment 32: for the scheme of the immunoprecipitation of the microcapsule bubble that circulates
This embodiment provides from using the experimental program for the antibody mediated immunity precipitation circulation microcapsule bubble (cMV) of two kinds of marks.Can use any suitable antibody, it catches required target vesica mark.This experimental program can further be applied to different sample sources, as the analysis of the vesica from various body fluid.In this embodiment, use the antibody dual immunoprecipitation prostate specific vesica from blood plasma for PCSA and CD9.
1) blood plasma of 1ml from target subject that thaws.For example, suffer from the experimenter of prostate cancer or the normal male that contrasts as do not suffer from prostate cancer.
2) use for antibody and the anti-CD9-FITC of 45 μ l of the anti-PCSA-PE coupling of 40 μ l of blood plasma unconcentrated blood plasma is dyeed.
3) mix and under room temperature, hatch 30 minutes in the dark.
4) use 300kD post that blood plasma is concentrated into 300 μ l to remove unconjugated antibody from 1ml.
5) take out and reserve the concentrated blood plasma of 50 μ l to measure initial content.Wait until flow cytometer showed, be stored in 4 ℃.
6) the anti-FITC microballon of 20 μ l is added in the enriched material of remaining 250 μ l dyeing.
7) hatch in the dark, on shaking table, refrigerate 30min.
8) prepare MultiSort post (Miltenyi Biotec Inc., Auburn, CA) with 3 × 100 μ l washings washing columns, wash magnet off with dissociating buffer (Miltenyi).
9) hatch after 30 minutes with anti-FITC microballon (Miltenyi), the blood plasma by adding 200 μ l damping fluids dilution dyeing and mark is to reduce viscosity.If also too thick, further dilution.
10)～470 μ l plasma solutions are added to the top of the post (post 1) of the first washing, on magnet, leave standstill.
11) plasma solutions is flow through.
12) 2 × 100 μ l washingss are added in top memory storehouse to remove unmagnetized particle.
13) the total through-flow of post 1 is～670 μ l.Wait until phenotype somatotype.
14) post 1 is removed from magnet.
15) add 300 μ l damping fluids, and firm connector is to remove magnetized cMV from post 1.
16) 10 μ l Multisort release reagents (Miltenyi) are added reservation volume (300 μ l) in.
17) mix and hatch 10min at 4 ℃ in the dark.
18) as required, can carry out optional washing step to remove the microballon of release.
19) 20 μ l MultiSort being stopped to reagent (Miltenyi) adds in cMV solution.
20) add 20 μ l anti-PE MultiSort pearl (Miltenyi).
21) mix and hatch 30min at 4 ℃ in the dark.
22) solution is added to the top of the second post (post 2), be placed on magnet simultaneously.
23) it is flow through, and collect as through-flow liquid.
24) (～450 μ l) to wash away any unmagnetized particle from post 2 to add other 100 μ l.
25) collect through-flow liquid and preserve for streaming evaluation.
26) post 2 is moved apart to magnet, and add 300 μ l damping fluids.
27) firmly connector, to evict the cell of reservation from, is preserved for streaming evaluation.
28) add 10 μ l release reagents with cutting pearl.
29) hatch 10min at 4 ℃ in the dark.
30) add 20 μ l to stop reagent.
31) turn to streaming evaluation.
Also can as required, use monoclonal antibody body and post step immunoprecipitation vesica in sample.For example, carry out single immunoprecipitation with anti-psca antibody, can catch prostate specific vesica.
flow cytometer showed.Five colonies by the above collection of flow cytometry: 1) initial unsegregated blood plasma; 2) by the stream of post 1; 3) post 1 retaining; 4) by the stream of post 2; 5) post 2 retaining.All colonies have CD9-FITC and the anti-PCSA-PE of above interpolation.Remove pearl, but the antibody of PE-coupling is retained in cMV above and can in flow cytometer, evaluates.
1) cMV solution is transferred to the quantification of TmCount pipe for cMV/ event.
2) use Beckman Coulter MoFlo-XDP cell sorter, evaluate by flow cytometry.Calculate the quantity of event based on TruCount pipe (Beckman Coulter).
Use this experimental program, other marks, as listed in table 5 herein, can be for vesica immunoprecipitation.For example, carry out vesica described in immunoprecipitation with one or more in MFG-E8, PCSA, mammary gland globin, SIM2, NK-2R.The vesica of described immunoprecipitation can, for further analysis, for example, be determined vesica level or assessment other marks relevant to the vesica of immunoprecipitation, for example, and surface antigen or useful load.
embodiment 33: the miRNA in blood plasma cMV is expressed with respect to cMV level standard
This embodiment, by fluorescence intensity, immunoprecipitation and detection of nucleic acids in conjunction with cell type specificity cMV surface protein mark, has illustrated the method that the miRNA in stdn body fluid expresses.This process allows the biomarker signal between amplification target group.This embodiment has illustrated that the method miR-22 distinguishes the plasma sample from prostate cancer experimenter and normal (, non-prostate cancer), and miR-22 is shown as the microRNA raising in prostate cancer.Referring to, Zhang etc., microRNA-22, downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and correlated with prognosis, suppresses cell proliferation and tumourigenicity.Br J Cancer103:1215-20 (2010).
Use the method for general introduction in embodiment 32, with anti-CD9 antibody (CD9-FITC BD Biosciences catalogue #555371, BD Pharmingen, San Diego, CA) and anti-PCSA antibody (inside makes), by the dual immunoprecipitation of blood plasma microcapsule bubble from prostate cancer and normal donor.Figure 18 A has shown the input blood plasma for exemplary sample, and it identifies positive events by Beckman Coulter MoFlo-XDP cell sorter and flow cytometer.In Figure 18 A, can see that whole plasm mainly has jack to jack adapter sexual behavior part (, CD9-/PCSA-).In the right upper quadrant that is designated R7, there are some two positive (, CD9+/PCSA+).Be included on a CD9 post and catch after the dual immunoprecipitation then discharging and catch for the second time on the 2nd PCSA post, the two positive events of obvious enrichment CD9+/PCSA+ in the cMV colony observing.Referring to Figure 18 B, it has shown the colony after dual immunoprecipitation.
By the cracking of above-described colony, and evaluate miRNA/mRNA content.MiR-22 level in untreated blood plasma in normal higher than cancer sample.Referring to Figure 19 A.Utilize the miR-22 level of total RNA of the total cMV separation from concentrated blood plasma to observe similar trend.Referring to Figure 19 B.But the original miR-22 copy number in the CD9+/PCSA+cMV of separation is higher in cancer sample compared with non-cancer.Referring to Figure 19 C.When the miR-22 copy number from each two positive cMV colony of observing is compared with the coupling PCSAMFI that uses anti-PCSA to obtain as trapping agent in embodiment 20, this separation is enhanced.Referring to Figure 19 D.
In second experiment, the method more than using is used single immunoprecipitation of anti-PCSA antibody, and the cMV colony obtaining by flow cytometry evaluation.The results are shown in Figure 18 C of the flow cytometer showed of the exemplary sample of input material.There is at first little PCSA+ event.With after anti-PCSA antibody mediated immunity precipitation, the intense enrichment PCSA+cMV of colony.Referring to Figure 18 D.Then by this colony's cracking, and evaluate the miRNA/mRNA content from prostate cancer donor blood plasma and normal donor blood plasma.Referring to Figure 19 E-19G.Dual immunoprecipitation is the same with using, in the time that the miR-22 copy number from the positive cMV of each PCSA colony of observing is compared with the PCSA MFI of coupling, cancer and normal between separation enhancing.
embodiment 34: for the miR of antibody capture is expressed with respect to the standardized scoring of antibody horizontal
This embodiment has illustrated by detecting miRNA level in circulation microcapsule bubble (cMV) and has produced for distinguishing the method from the scoring of cancer patients and non-cancer patient's blood plasma.
Blood plasma with the filtration of 1.2uM filter from patients with prostate cancer and normal individual (that is, not suffering from prostate cancer), then concentrated to concentrate cMV with 150kDa post.Referring to embodiment 17.In order to measure prostate specific cMV, hatch the anti-PCSA antibody of PE coupling with 200 μ l enriched materials.By using Miltenyi magnetic post, for the enriched material of cMV purifying PCSA mark of expressing PCSA.Referring to embodiment 32.Use Qiagen miRNeasy (Qiagen Inc., Valencia, CA), from the pearl isolation of RNA of reservation of cMV containing expressing PCSA.By the operation in microballoon test of the enriched material of 60 μ l PCSA marks, described test is made up of the HPLC antibody purification for PCSA, PSMA, B7H3, CD81, CD63 and CD9.Antibody for PCSA, PSMA and B7H3 is used as to trapping agent, and the fluorescently-labeled antibody for CD81, CD63 and CD9 is used as to detection agent.Referring to embodiment 22-23.Record intermediate value fluorescence level (MFI).
From each sample concentration thing isolation of RNA.Use the copy number of Taqman test at the upper pre-amp step measurements miR-22 of use of ABI7900 (Applied Biosystems, life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA) and let-7a.In order to calculate diagnostic score, the copy number of the miR-22 in each sample and let-7a is multiplied by 10, then divided by the MFI of PCSA in this sample (as used microballoon test determination).By MFI values these values and that add the PSMA testing from microballoon.The average generation of all three values diagnostic score, use it for and distinguish cancer and normal.In other words, diagnostic score equals 10*miR22/PCSA MFI, and 10*let-7a/PCSA MFI and PSMA MFI's is average.
Determine the threshold value of scoring with 40 random samples of selecting.With 531 or above threshold value mark to distinguish cancer, obtained 83% sensitivity and 63% specific performance.Referring to Figure 20 A and 20B, wherein represent threshold value by empty sea line.Figure 20 C shows the ROC curve producing by these data.AUC is 0.77.Independent group by this threshold value for 20 samples of classifying, causes 82% sensitivity and 67% specific performance.
the miRNA marking of embodiment 35:PCa
This embodiment has illustrated can be for distinguishing circulation microcapsule bubble (cMV) the miRNA marking of prostate cancer.
21 samples of the cMV purifying for expression PCSA described in embodiment 34 are used for identifying the microRNA of the various sample of differentiation colony.Described sample group comprises eight prostate cancers, three senior PIN, two inflammatory diseasess and six normal (, without prostatic disorder).According to described in embodiment 25, use Exiqon card to analyze from the miR content of isolation of RNA of cMV of expressing PCSA.Carry out statistical analysis to identify the miR of remarkable differentiation cancer sample.Front 17 miR comprise miR-182, miR-663, miR-155, mirR-125a-5p, miR-548a-5p, miR-628-5p, miR-517*, miR-450a, miR-920, hsa-miR-619, miR-1913, miR-224*, miR-502-5p, miR-888, miR-376a, miR-542-5p, miR-30b* and miR-1179.Figure 21 has shown the illustrative curve of miR-920 (Figure 21 A) and miR-450a (Figure 21 B).As shown in FIG., miR-920 was expression mixing in disease, and miR-450a lowers in cancer.
embodiment 36: the middle protein of circulation microcapsule bubble (cMV), mRNA and microRNA biomarker analyze
Use the systems analysis vesicle protein matter biomarker based on microballoon.By the microballoon coupling of the selected antibody for target target protein and difference addressing.Referring to, for example, the method in embodiment 22.After coupling, the microsphere that antibody is applied washs, by Starting Block sealing damping fluid (the catalogue #37538 in PBS, Thermo Scientific, the branch of Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA) sealing, in PBS, wash, and use from the concentrated cMV of blood plasma and hatch, as described below.After cMV catches, microballoon-cMV mixture is washed, and use for the detection agent antibody of phycoerythrin (PE) mark of four transmembrane protein CD9, CD63 and CD81 (, the anti-CD81 of the anti-CD9 of PE mark, the anti-CD63 of PE mark and PE mark) hatch, and washing, then on microballoon reader, detect.Measure from the fluorescent signal of 100 microballoons, and calculate microballoon for each difference addressing-respectively corresponding to different capture antibodies-intermediate value fluorescence intensity (MFI).Except four transmembrane protein detection agents as above, the various various combinations of detection agent and capture antibody are checked.
Measure the cMV sum in patient's sample with flow cytometry.Patient's plasma sample is diluted to 100 times in PBS, then in BD Trucount pipe (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA), at room temperature hatch 15min for the event of each sample quantitatively.The fluorescent bead that Trucount pipe contains dose known amounts, it can be for passing through the event of each sample of flow cytometry stdn.Obtain and pass through the analysis of FlowJo software (Tree Star, Inc., Ashland, OR) for sample event number and the Trucount pearl number of definite every pipe by the sample of FACSCanto II cell counter (BD Biosciences).Obtain the calculating of the absolute number of each sample according to the explanation of manufacturers (BD Biosciences), and regulate by extension rate as required.
Use from the cMV of plasma sample and check the miRNA from useful load.Use the concentrated cMV of improved Trizol method and extract miRNA.In brief, with RnaseA (20 μ g/ml, 37 ℃, 20min;
Figure BPA0000186429140003071
company, Madison, WI) process cMV, then Trizol processes (every 100 μ, the Trizol LS of 750 μ l), and vortex 30min under 1400rpm at room temperature.After centrifugal, collect supernatant liquor, and be further purified RNA with miRNeasy96 purification kit (Qiagen, Inc., Valencia, CA), and be stored at-80 ℃.By 40 ng RNA reverse transcriptions, and upper at ABI7900 (Applied Biosystems, life Technologies, Carisbad, CA), organize on I and II and move the Exiqon qRT-PCR mankind.Referring to, for example, embodiment 13-14,25.(Applied Biosystems calculates C to use SDS2.4 software tvalue.By all samples with respect to calibrator between flat board and RT-PCR reference standard.
Also in the cMV useful load from plasma sample, check messenger RNA(mRNA) (mRNA).Separate as mentioned above cMV and process with RNase.Use improvement Trizol method as above to extract mRNA, and the miniature test kit of Qiagen RNeasy (Qiagen, the Inc.) purifying precipitating in order to 70% ethanol.By the RNA reverse transcription of collecting, and according to explanation (the Agilent Technologies of manufacturers, Santa Clara, CA) use " Low Input Quick Amp Lableling " test kit mark Cy-3 for gene expression analysis of the same colour of Agilent.According to the explanation of manufacturers (Alilent Techonologies), by the sample of mark and Agilent ' s Whole Genome44K v2 hybridization array washing.By array in the upper scanning of Agilent B scanner (Agilent Technologies), and by Feature Extractor (Agilent Technologies) software extraction data., and analyze with GeneSpring GX software (Agilent Technologies) the data normalization extracting by universal standardization method.
Can be from specific cMV subpopulation check miRNA and the messenger RNA(mRNA) from blood plasma.For example, cMV is concentrated, then use immunoprecipitation to separate the colony to the PCSA positive.Referring to embodiment 32-33.Separate PCSA+cMV, and separate as mentioned above miRNA and mRNA and analyze.Check and use the vesica miRNA and the mRNA content that separate for the different trapping agents of different target vesica surface antigen by same procedure.In addition, can separate the vesica to exceeding a kind of surface antigen positive.Referring to embodiment 32-33.
(can be from by standardized analyte value input R www.r-project.orgthe R Project for Statistical Computing obtain) or SAS software (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC).Carry out filtering data with suitable quality controlling means, and change before analysis.Analysis is carried out as follows:
marking performance evaluation (for the preassigned or new marking)
The performance of the biological marking of specifying completely before blind is not taken off in the clinical labororatory's test that uses sample sets that the above method useful load analysis of vesica colony (, separate) produces can not take off for evaluating clinical effectiveness blind (unblinding) or sample.In such a case, it is preassigned that the marking is considered to, and the new analyte data that must be applied to this sample sets in unaltered situation is to obtain the result of prediction to all samples.Evaluate the performance (for example,, with regard to diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy) of the preassigned marking by comparison prediction and legitimate reading.Statistical study comprises performance estimation and fiducial interval.
For the marking of not specifying in advance (that is, using the clinical effectiveness of sample and the prophet of laboratory test results to obtain), these samples still can be used for evaluating the performance of the marking.But, in order to reduce the performance estimation of potential deviation, in the folding closs validation ring of the k-that comprises mark selection and classification prediction steps, carry out nido statistical analysis, as described below.
mark for the new marking is selected
If use common technology subset well known by persons skilled in the art by the dependency of test mark and disease result, they have demographic information, comprise this mark at the new marking.These comprise: 1) welch check-in the time that variance is different, for the powerful parametric statistic check of difference between organizing on average; 2) wilcoxon symbol-rank test-can be interpreted as showing that ROC AUC improves the powerful nonparametric statistics check of (higher than 0.50); 3) youden ' s J-be calculated as greatest combined sensitivity and the specificity of mark, on all possible diagnostic threshold.Evaluate significance,statistical by permutation test.
If it is significant that check is learned in situation about checking at the quantity statistics carrying out, mark judgement is to have statistically information.More specifically, for multiple checks, regulate the p-value-for example successively comparing, use False discovery rate threshold value or by control by family's specific inaccuracy.
the formation of the new marking
Once identify the mark subset with information in the above-mentioned mark choice phase, use generally acknowledged modeling technique to form many marks model.Estimate the parameter for the marking by training pattern on whole training dataset, and use the method for " for the non-preassigned marking ", according to the performance for the marking of evaluating " marking performance evaluation " Suo Shu.Simple and generally acknowledged modeling technique, for these steps, being comprised: discriminatory analysis, SVMs, logistic return and decision tree.Record the result of all models and therefore identify best mark group.
For available target clinical variable, data set is carried out to other empirical analysis.Such variable comprises age, race, PSA level, digital rectal examination (DRE) result, biopsy number of times, biopsy indication and biopsy result (for example, HGPIN, ATYPIA, BPH, prostatitis or prostate cancer) etc. before.By carrying out such analysis in the model limiting before co-variation amount or layered displacement-variable introducing.For multiple check, p-value is proofreaied and correct.
embodiment 37: the biological approach in circulation microcapsule bubble (cMV) is expressed
In this embodiment, carried out the expression somatotype of mRNA useful load in cMV.Carry out the path analysis of the mRNA expressing in cMV to identify the most significant biological approach.
For in whole vesica colony to mRNA somatotype, according to described in embodiment 20, use filter and concentrated from 1ml the separating plasma cMV from three prostate cancers and three non-cancer control samples.Extract RNA from 100 μ l plasma extraction things, be then subdivided into 25 μ l sample aliquot and use Trizol LS (Invitrogen, life technologies, Carlsbad, CA) cracking after processing at RNASE A., merge single Qiagen micro rna extraction column (Qiagen, Inc., Valencia, CA) is upper from each water in four sample aliquot by 70% ethanol precipitation, and in 30 μ l volumes wash-out.The RNA of wash-out may be difficult to come by standard manner quantitative reliably.Therefore, 10 μ l volumes are used for to labeled reactant subsequently.According to the explanation of manufacturers (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA), use from " Low Input Quick Amp Labeling " test kit for gene expression analysis of the same colour of Agilent and carry out cy-3 mark, there is following improvement: 1) change and mix (spike-in) mixture for Cy3 mark, to make the 3rd dilution as 1:5, and 1 μ l is added in each sample; 2) use vacufuge, the volume of 10 μ l samples is reduced to 2.5 μ l, duplicate for each sample; 3), in whole scheme, each sample is processed in duplicate, until the purification step of amplification sample.In the time that purification schemes starts, bipartite sample is merged, and pass through subsequently post; 4) that sample is not quantitative after purifying, but by the purification of samples of whole volumes and hybridization array.Then according to the explanation of manufacturers (Agilent Technologies), by the sample of mark and Agilent Whole Genome44K microarray hybridization.Extract data with Feature Extractor software (Aglient Technologies), and analyze with GeneSpring GX (Agilent Technologies).Find to have 4291 kinds of mRNA in enriched material, comprise those that find in table 20.Identify the approach relevant to expression pattern with GeneSpring software.After more than analyzing, androgen receptor (AR) and EGFR1 approach are the approach of significantly expressing in vesica colony.The member of AR and EGFR1 approach is as shown in Table 21.
Table 20: the mrna expression in total cMV
Figure BPA0000186429140003101
Figure BPA0000186429140003111
Figure BPA0000186429140003121
Figure BPA0000186429140003131
Figure BPA0000186429140003141
Figure BPA0000186429140003151
Figure BPA0000186429140003161
Figure BPA0000186429140003171
Figure BPA0000186429140003181
Figure BPA0000186429140003191
Table 21: the approach in total cMV is expressed
Figure BPA0000186429140003192
In one group of relevant experiment, in PCSA+cMV, express somatotype.Separate PCSA+cMV with the immunoprecipitation in embodiment 32.Use Agilent Whole Genome44K microarray as above to express.Catch and in sample, found 2402 kinds of mRNA at PCSA, comprise those shown in table 22.TNF-α approach is the approach of expressing of significantly crossing.The member of TNF-α approach is shown in table 23.
Mrna expression in table 22:PCSA+cMV
Figure BPA0000186429140003201
Figure BPA0000186429140003221
Figure BPA0000186429140003231
Figure BPA0000186429140003241
Approach in table 23:PCSA+cMV is expressed
Figure BPA0000186429140003242
Compared with total cMV colony, the gene in table 24 is all significantly lowered in PCSA+cMV.Check and proofread and correct relatively and express with Benjamini and Hochberg vacation-discovery rate with t-.The significantly different mRNA that express are shown in (p-value≤0.05 of correction) in table.
Table 24: the mRNA lowering in PCSA+cMV compared with total cMV
Figure BPA0000186429140003251
Figure BPA0000186429140003261
Figure BPA0000186429140003271
embodiment 38: the microarray somatotype of the mRNA of folder self-circulation microcapsule bubble (cMV)
May be subject to the obstruction of sample size and quality to the Large-scale Screening of the mRNA level in high density arrays or cMV.Research and develop experimental program and allowed to distinguish prostate cancer and the brute force analysis of cMV useful load mRNA normally.
According to described in embodiment 20, use and filter and the concentrated 1ml separating plasma cMV from four prostate cancers and four non-cancer control samples.From 100 μ l plasma extraction things, extract RNA, be then subdivided into 25 μ l sample aliquot, after processing at RNASE A, use Trizol LS (Invitrogen, life technologies, Carisbad, CA) cracking.With each water of four sample aliquot of 70% ethanol precipitation, merge single Qiagen micro rna extraction column (Qiagen, Inc., Valencia, CA) is upper, and in 30 μ l volumes wash-out.The RNA of wash-out may be difficult to come by standard method quantitative reliably.Therefore, 10 μ l volumes are used for to labeled reactant subsequently.According to the explanation of manufacturers (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA), sample is used from " Low Input Quick Amp Labeling " test kit for gene expression analysis of the same colour of Agilent and is carried out cy-3 mark, there is following improvement: 1) change the mixture that mixes for Cy3 mark, make the 3rd dilution for 1:5, and 1 μ l is added in each sample; 2) use vacufuge, the volume of 10 μ l samples is reduced to 2.5 μ l, duplicate for each sample; 3), in whole experimental program, each sample is processed in duplicate, until the purification step of amplification sample.In the time that purifying experimental program starts, bipartite sample is merged, and pass through subsequently post; 4) that sample is not quantitative after purifying, but by the purification of samples of whole volumes and hybridization array.Then according to the explanation of manufacturers (Agilent Technologies), by the sample of mark and Agilent Whole Genome44K microarray hybridization.Extract data with Feature Extractor software (Aglient Technologies), and analyze with GeneSpring GX (Agilent Technologies).Comprise the gene at least 50% sample with expression in final analysis.2155 probes that meet these standards are detected.In these 2155 probes, find that 24 have significantly different expression (p value < 0.05) between prostate cancer group and control group.Referring to table 25 and Figure 22.Table 25 has shown 24 genes that significant difference is expressed between the mRNA useful load of the cMV from four patients with prostate cancer samples and four normal healthy controls samples.Figure 22 has shown that the fluorescent value of the selected genes of microarray deducts the point diagram of original background: Figure 22 A has shown A2ML1; Figure 22 B has shown GABARAPL2; Figure 22 C has shown PTMA; Figure 22 D has shown RABAC1; Figure 22 E has shown SOX1; Figure 22 F has shown ETFB.
Table 25: from the mRNA of differential expression in the cMV of PCa and healthy sample
Genetic code P-value Variation in normal FC absolute value
A2ML1 0.001 Lower 1.88
GABARAPL2 0.002 Raise 1.36
PTMA 0.002 Raise 1.76
ETFB 0.003 Raise 1.16
RPL22 0.008 Lower 1.36
GUK1 0.009 Raise 1.28
PRDX5 0.011 Raise 1.48
HIST1H3B 0.014 Raise 1.29
RABAC1 0.022 Raise 1.33
PTMA 0.024 Raise 1.65
C1orf162 0.026 Lower 1.35
HLA-A 0.031 Raise 1.23
SEPW1 0.033 Raise 1.31
SOX1 0.034 Lower 1.38
EIF3C 0.034 Lower 1.30
GZMH 0.037 Raise 1.81
CSDA 0.040 Raise 1.79
SAP18 0.040 Lower 1.36
BAX 0.043 Raise 1.20
RABGAP1L 0.045 Raise 2.19
C10orf47 0.047 Lower 1.58
HSP90AA1 0.047 Raise 1.46
PTMA 0.048 Raise 1.52
NRGN 0.049 Raise 2.57
Abbreviation in table 25, " genetic code " refers to the name that can be used for each gene expression characteristics on array.For the detailed content of each gene, can obtain from Agilent (www.chem.agilent.com) or HUGO database (www.genemanes.org)." FC absolute value " shown that the absolute multiple of the mRNA level detecting between group changes.
embodiment 39: the circulation microcapsule bubble for ovarian cancer is analyzed
In this embodiment, vesica ovarian cancer test is the immunoassay based on microballoon of the histone matter biomarker that exists on the vesica for detection of the blood plasma from the patient that has ovarian cancer.This test is used has the antibody of binding specificity or other parts or bonding agent (for example, fit, peptide, peptide-nucleic acid) to following protein biology mark: CD95, CD9, CD59, CD63, CD81 and EpCAM.The microballoon applying at the antibody by for CD95 and EpCAM (or other bonding agents) is caught after vesica, by the antibody of phycoerythrin-mark for detection of general vesica biomarker (in this case CD9, CD59, CD63 and/or CD81).Combination level according to these antibody with the vesica from patient's blood plasma, has determined the existence of ovarian cancer or has not existed.
According to above-described, for example, described in embodiment 20, separate vesica.By by the feature of test sample with reference to the comparing of sample, can represent diagnosis, prognosis or treat diagnostic result for the somatotype self of these protein biology marks.Can be the microcapsule bubble level of not being with in the normal specimens of cancer with reference to sample, the elevated levels that wherein comprises the vesica of CD95, CD9, CD59, CD63, CD81 and EpCAM represents the existence of ovarian cancer.
In addition, by biomarker for somatotype, evaluation or separate specific test sample, its further can detect be present in microcapsule bubble colony or with the other biomarker of microcapsule bubble cluster correlation.For example, utilize the specific bonding agent of biomarker (at this, the antibodies CD95 of Binding Capacity and/or EpCam), the input sample of microcapsule bubble is carried out to affinity or immunoprecipitation step, and further utilize the biomarker positive (BM+) subpopulation disclosed herein or that methods known in the art processing separates, with characterize and definite microcapsule bubble subpopulation in the existence of the other biomarker (for example, protein, peptide, RNA, DNA) that exists.
Test may further include the method that use presents herein, and for example, the method in embodiment 13-16, evaluates the level of the microRNA in the vesica of catching.Described microRNA comprises the member of miR200 family, comprises miR-200c.The level of the miR200 microRNA of reduction represents the existence of ovarian cancer compared with non-cancer reference.The lower level of miR200 further represents the cancer that aggressive is higher.
the miR of differential expression in embodiment 40:PCa
Challenge the trial of finding the biomarker based on blood detecting for prostate cancer (PCa).The quantification of microRNA in blood (miR) is for the identification of potential hereditary biomarker.Use the circulation microcapsule bubble (cMV) of source plasma as the enrichment source of the miR from cell, this embodiment has illustrated and can distinguish the biological marking of miR of PCa sample and normal healthy controls and the biological marking of miR for transitivity PCa.
According to described, use Exiqon RT-PCR group to analyze one group from the plasma sample of suffering from the prostate cancer male sex and contrast (biopsy confirms the male sex who does not suffer from prostate cancer) herein.Use TNM scale, prostate cancer comprises MX sample (not evaluating far away transfer), M0 sample (not far away transfer) and M1 sample (confirming far to shift).
Detecting miR from the vesica of patient's sample separation.Use improved Qiagen miRneasy experimental program (Qiagen GmbH, Germany), the frozen plasma enriched material isolation of RNA from 150 μ l from each sample.Improved experimental program comprises processes concentrating sample with Rnase, then separates to make only to analyze the RNA protecting in vesica in each sample.Mix sample with the step Plays subsequently with Caenorhabditis elegans (C.elegans) microRNA of known quantity.The RNA that vesica by 40ng from sample separates is for each Exiqon group.
Exiqon RT-PCR group is made up of two 384 cards and the check analysis that cover 750 miR.Use in the green analysis of Sybr of the upper operation of ABI7900 (Life Technologies Corporation, Carlsbad, California) and carry out qRT-PCR test.Ct value stdn by the Ct value of analyzing for each miR with respect to (IPC) probe of calibrator between flat board and RT-PCR contrast.Carry out quality indicator several times.As IPC Ct value > 25, when RT-PCR Ct value > 35, and sample do not increase contrast miR when (, miR-16 and miR-21), and sample is removed from analyze.The main component analysis that uses GeneSpring software (Agilent Technologies, Inc., Santa Clara, CA) to carry out sample data is identified outlier.Owing to can not using these observational measurements to reach qualified, from analyze, three samples are removed.
By the following stated, make data stand the pairing t-check between sample sets, and by Benjamini and Hochberg vacation-discovery rate check correction p-value.Use Taqman detecting probe method to verify the miR that demonstrates the most remarkable p-value.
In 750 kinds of miR that find to compare in non-metastatic PCa (n=64) and normal control (n=28) sample, there are ten kinds of multiples with > 2.0 to change, p value < 0.01.Referring to table 26.In checking collection (N=168), check the expression of hsa-miR-107 (P=0.03) and hsa-miR-574-3p (P=0.02).Both are significantly different between non-metastatic PCa (n=133) and contrast (n=35) sample.
Table 26: non-metastatic prostate cancer vs contrast
miR P-value Multiple in prostate cancer changes
hsa-miR-574-3p 0.003 3.32
hsa-miR-141 0.008 3.22
hsa-miR-432 0.002 4.15
hsa-miR-326 0.001 6.36
hsa-miR-2110 0.005 5.98
hsa-miR-181a-2* 0.004 -2.75
hsa-miR-107 0.000 13.16
hsa-miR-301a 0.006 5.41
hsa-miR-484 0.009 2.92
hsa-miR-625* 0.003 4.00
Transitivity (n=15) and non-metastatic (n=55) sample relatively find in 750 kinds of miR, have 16 kinds of multiples with > 2.0 change, P value < 0.01.Referring to table 27.Several miR that test by qRT-PCR in the quantitative discovery of verifying subsequently these miR in collection (39 metastatic and 73 non-metastatics) can distinguish transitivity and non-metastatic PCa (hsa-miR-200b, hsa-miR-375, hsa-miR-141, hsa-mir-331-3p, hsa-miR-181a and hsa-miR-574-3p).In independent cohort, the hsa-miR-141 in the cMV from transitivity PCa patient (n=47) and hsa-miR-375 level are significantly higher than the level (n=72 in non-recurrent PCa patient's cMV; P=0.0001).Referring to Figure 23.
Table 27: transitivity vs non-metastatic prostate cancer
miR P-value Multiple in metastatic prostate cancer changes
hsa-miR-582-3p 0.001 2.51
hsa-miR-20a* 0.002 3.62
hsa-miR-375 0.003 10.71
hsa-miR-200b 0.003 3.90
hsa-miR-379 0.005 2.10
hsa-miR-572 0.005 -7.39
hsa-miR-513a-5p 0.005 2.23
hsa-miR-577 0.005 5.90
hsa-miR-23a* 0.005 2.30
hsa-miR-1236 0.005 2.63
hsa-miR-609 0.006 2.31
hsa-miR-17* 0.006 4.80
hsa-miR-130b 0.007 6.12
hsa-miR-619 0.008 3.37
hsa-miR-624* 0.009 6.09
hsa-miR-198 0.009 2.12
The cMV in blood source is the source of the miR biomarker for characterizing phenotype.The biological marking of miR can be distinguished non-metastatic PCa blood sample and contrast.In the cMV of transitivity source plasma sample, exist 7 miR compared with high expression level, and further confirmed that wherein two (hsa-miR-141 and hsa-miR-375) raise in the cMV of transitivity serum source.This embodiment provides the biological marking of the miR based on blood for detection of the cMV of prostate cancer and evaluation transitivity case.
embodiment 41: separate exosome subgroup and the spectrum of miR subsequently
In this embodiment, in the circulation microcapsule bubble subpopulation limiting based on surface protein composition, check microRNA (miR) expression pattern.Use described method herein, based on its surface protein composition, the vesica separating from prostate cancer cell line (VCaP) is carried out to airflow classification.Differential expression for miR is evaluated vesica.The antibody of the phycoerythrin mark of target EpCam, CD63 or B7-H3 is used for coming by the cell sorting of fluorescence-activation to the subpopulation of sorting vesica.Vesica is in the upper sorting of Beckman-Coulter MoFlo XDP (Beckman Coulter, Inc., Brea, CA), to make each vesica can be used as individual particle analysis.Due to the abundance of the lip-deep antigen of vesica, there is the remarkable skew of the FL2 channel strength that exceedes isotype contrast.Express the vesica subpopulation of sorting is carried out to somatotype by miR subsequently.The miR spectrum of the positive subpopulation of EpCam, CD63 and B7-H3 is compared with the total spectrum of VCaP vesica colony.Between subpopulation, observe different miR expression patterns, and all expression patterns are different from and observe in total group.The mistake of miR is expressed and is expressed not enough pattern and all between group, observes.These data sheet Benqs can distinguish and the subpopulation that separates vesica in surface protein mark and hereditary content (in this situation, being miR) thereof.Based on surface protein composition from patient's separating plasma tissue specificity vesica colony and the ability of analyzing based on surface protein composition and hereditary content subsequently can be for diagnosis as described herein, prognosis and treatment diagnostic use.
embodiment 42: for detection of the microRNA miR-497 of lung cancer
There is not at present the blood testing for lung cancer early diagnosis.Check microRNA the circulation microcapsule bubble (cMV) separating from plasma sample.According to the separation vesica described in embodiment 20.Use Trizol method, vesica contained from 1ml blood plasma extracts RNA.Use quantitatively rT-PCR method detects microRNA useful load.In the blood plasma from 16 patients with lung cancer and 15 contrast normal adult (, without lung cancer), check the expression of miR-497.Between two groups, observe the significant difference (p=0.0001) of miR-497 copy number.Referring to Figure 24 A.Use the threshold value of 1154 miR-497 copies (in 0.1ml blood plasma) to distinguish lung cancer and normal specimens (representing by the vertical line in Figure 24 A), with 88% sensitivity and 80% specific detection lung cancer.
In follow, from 1ml frozen plasma, separate nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient (IA phase=9 from 24 main early stage diseases, IIA phase=1, IIB phase=2, III phase=1, IV phase=2) and the circulation microcapsule bubble (cMV) of 26 healthy individuals.In the cMV of the plasma sample from patients with lung cancer and 26 contrast health adults (, without lung cancer), check the expression of miR-497.Patient characteristic is shown in table 28.
Table 28: patient characteristic
Phase The male sex Women
The IA phase 5 4
The IB phase 4 5
The IIA phase 1 0
The IIB phase 1 1
The III phase 1 0
The IV phase 0 2
Normally 14 12
The standardized copy number of intermediate value is 9000 ± 307 copy/ml (± 95%CIM) for normal individual, and is 27 for NSCLC patient, 500+1298 copy/ml (± 95%CIM).For cancer, set the threshold value (, 15,700 copy/ml) of 1570 copies in 0.1ml sample, test has 79% sensitivity and 81% specificity, and 0.89 AUC.Referring to the result in Figure 24 B-24C and table 29.Table 29 has shown the test performance of the cutoff threshold that uses 13,560 and 15,700 copy/ml.Can regulate threshold value to improve sensitivity or specificity.
Table 29: the miR-497 of detection of lung cancer
True positives 21 19
True negative 18 21
False positive 8 5
False negative 3 5
Sensitivity 88％ 79％
Specificity
69％ 81％
Accuracy
78％ 80％
AUC 0.89 0.89
Cutoff (copy/ml) 13,560 15,700
embodiment 43: the prognostic analysis of circulating biological mark diagnositc analysis
Introduce: except non-melanoma skin cancer, prostate cancer is the modal cancer that affects the U.S. male sex.In the U.S., 2010, newly-increased 217,730 cases for prostate cancer, and 32,050 people's death (source is National Cancer Institute (National Caner Institute)).The clinical behavior of prostate cancer, from the tumour of micro-abundant differentiation to invasive cancer, has the high likelihood of invasion and attack and transfer.
Although prostate specific antigen (PSA) is tested the remarkable benefit of effective management and control prostate cancer, extensively think and there is obvious defect from the result of prostata tissue specificity rather than PSA.Think that at present normal PSA value is lower than 4.0ng/ml, but still there is arguement in this cutoff.If in 4.0 to 10ng/ml scope, there is the chance of about 30% discovery prostate cancer to prostate biopsy, for example, even the biopsy repeating by use (, 10-12 core) in blood-serum P SA.In National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guide, having recommended for the PSA cutoff of prostate biopsy is 2.5ng/ml.If American Cancer Society's guide recommends PSA higher than 2.5ng/ml, consider biopsy.
Because test is high degree of specificity to PSA antigen, prostate cancer and non-malignant illness (as, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatitis) in all can raise.In addition, not all prostate cancer discharges the PSA of excessive levels to serum, and PSA level may be subject to the impact of various other factors, as the pharmacological agent of following, age and race (for example, non-descendants American usually has relatively high PSA level; The Asia male sex usually has lower PSA level).Therefore, auxiliary as the risk assessment in the situation of possible prostate cancer, the PSA of rising is relevant to clinical sensitivity, specificity and the positive predictive value of suboptimum.Exist the demand that increases the specific test that contributes to prostate cancer diagnosis for the diagnosis algorithm to current.
The biology of microcapsule bubble: when the spontaneous intussusception of cell membrane fragment, when exocytosis occurring and being released in born of the same parents' external environment, can form microcapsule bubble in cell by various kinds of cell type.Various kinds of cell type can produce microcapsule bubble, comprises dendritic cell, tumour cell, lymphoidocyte, mesothelial cell, epithelial cell and the cell from different tissues or organ.Microcapsule bubble can comprise and is derived from plasma membrane or inner membrance and is released into subsequently any film in born of the same parents' external environment in conjunction with particle.Microcapsule bubble is the membrane-bound cell-derived structure of double-layer of lipoid, and it produces from outstanding turning up (foamings), separation and the sealing of plasma membrane part, or generation from the cell inner membrance of any embrane-associated protein that contains various cell deriveds in conjunction with imitated vesicle structure.These can comprise contained molecule in the surface bonding molecule that is derived from host circulation of selective binding tumour derived protein and microcapsule bubble or exosome inner chamber, miRNA, mRNA and intracellular protein as derivative in tumour.Microcapsule bubble can also comprise membrane-bound fragment.Valadi etc. (2007) have dissected composition and the content of the microcapsule bubble that is derived from mastocyte, and find that they are rich in microRNA (miRNA, miR) and messenger RNA(mRNA) (mRNA) substantially.In addition the spectrum of the RNA finding in microcapsule bubble, is different from the spectrum of the RNA finding in cytosol.For example, microcapsule bubble is not containing ribosome-RNA(rRNA), but the miRNA that they contain a large amount of 19-22 Nucleotide.Figure 25 A-C has shown the transmission electron micrograph of the microcapsule bubble separating by the prostate cancer cell line of ultracentrifugation growth from cultivate.Figure 25 A is the electron photomicrograph of the microcapsule bubble derivative in conjunction with the Vcap-of slide glass.Figure 25 B is the scanning electron photomicrograph of the derivative microcapsule bubble of Vcap-, and Figure 25 C is the scanning electron photomicrograph of Vcap microcapsule bubble of the polystyrene bead that applies in conjunction with poly-L-Lysine.
The microcapsule bubble secretion of tumour cell and the transhipment that relates to protein and nucleic acid (for example, miRNA) thereof have proved the effect of microcapsule bubble in pathological process.In multiple body fluid, found microcapsule bubble, described body fluid includes, but not limited to blood plasma, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and urine.In other biological function, microcapsule bubble participates in cell-cell communication and the transport vehicle as protein, RNA, DNA, virus and Protein virus especially.
Microcapsule bubble and biomarker: protein biomarker or tumor markers be included in the blood relevant to cancer or tissue in exist protein molecule, and its measurement or identify in medical diagnosis on disease or clinical management and control, be useful.
Tumor markers can be for various clinical object, include but not limited to following: health population or excessive risk colony that (1) screening exists for cancer, (2) as the supplementary means of carrying out cancer or specific types of cancer diagnosis, (3) as the supplementary means of determining prognosis, and 4) supportive treatment monitoring.
Research to the biomarker of supporting clinical decision increases just fast, and in recent years, have been found that and confirmed that multiple hereditary biomarker for the treatment decision-making of instructing cancer patient (for example, suffer from the KRAS in the patient of colorectal carcinoma, suffer from crossing of Her2-neu in the patient of mammary cancer and express, and suffer from the EGFR in Patients with Non-small-cell Lung).But sensitivity, specificity and predictor support that current available numerous protein biomarker can not demonstrate clinician to be needed are carried out decision-making.For example, carcinomebryonic antigen (CEA) is first identified in colorectal cancer patients, but have been found that in various malignant tumours and raise, comprise pancreas, stomach, lung and mammary gland and various optimum illness, as liver cirrhosis, inflammatory bowel, chronic lung disease and pancreatitis.Another example is CA-125, it is the antigen being present on 80% non-mucous ovarian cancer, but as other malignant tumours of uterine endometrium inner membrance, pancreas, lung, mammary gland and colon and various optimum illness, as in menstruation, gestation and endometriosis may be also raises.
The molecule that the microcapsule bubble producing by tumour cell contains tumour cell source, as miRNA, mRNA and protein.Therefore, the separation of circulation microcapsule bubble (cMV) and the concentrated concentrated source of height that Tumor-assaciated biomarker can be provided.
This embodiment has illustrated the scheme for developing the diagnostic test based on microcapsule bubble, it is characterized in that the biomarker marking (the biological marking) is to provide existing and/or the better assessment of risk of prostate cancer in 40 to 75 years old age male sex.This method based on microcapsule bubble can be further used for tumor disease by stages/monitoring, thereby support to make treatment decision-making and definite prognosis.
As described herein, the present invention partly provides the multiple sandwich immunoassays (below describe) of the circulation microcapsule bubble based on catching, described circulation microcapsule bubble can distinguish from suffer from organ restriction prostate cancer the male sex and do not suffer from the male sex's of prostate cancer blood plasma.This analysis comprises that immunoassay based on microballoon is for detecting the histone matter biomarker being present in from the microcapsule bubble of suffering from patient's the blood plasma of prostate cancer.In analytical procedure performance history, detect multiple microcapsule bubble surface antigen, and selected best biological marking group or mark.This first one step process has used the specific antibody of following protein biomarker: CD9, CD63, CD81, PCSA, B7H3 and PSMA.
PSMA and PCSA are both for separating of the prostate specific mark of the microcapsule bubble from prostate epithelial cell secretion.B7-H3 is the protein biomarker of finding in transformant, and for the identification of the microcapsule bubble from cancer cells.CD9, CD63 and CD81 are four transmembrane proteins or the transmembrane proteins of finding on most of epidermic cell and from the microcapsule bubble of epidermic cell secretion.These four transmembrane proteins are as general vesica mark play a role (referring to table 3).The anti-four transmembrane protein antibody of phycoerythrin (PE) mark are for the detection at the various combination microcapsule bubbles of analysis.According to these antibody and combination level from the microcapsule bubble of patient's blood plasma, carry out and the determining of the existence of prostate cancer or the dependency of risk.
Patients with prostate cancer relatively with do not have in the prostate cancer male sex's retrospective study, this analytical form demonstrates 83% sensitivity and 86% specificity.This biology marking of sample test that uses one group of expection to collect, described sample is freed from the prostate cancer risk of rising and arranges to carry out all male sex of prostate biopsy.
Except using protein biomarker, miRNA molecule is added in this analysis to improve the sensitivity and the specificity that detect and distinguish prostate cancer.This is by by collecting and concentrate from the cMV of blood plasma and extracting and measure specific miRNA material and determine them and the dependency of prostate cancer realizes.For example, in above embodiment, presented the miRNA with the existence of prostate cancer or metastatic prostate cancer with high correlation.
Target: the target of this perspective study is to identify and/or confirm the prostatic cancer specific biology marking based on microcapsule bubble that provides pin-point accuracy prostate cancer detecting from blood sample.More specifically, target is a kind of analytical procedure that contributes to the detection of prostate cancer in male sex colony that demand urologist assesses possible prostate cancer of exploitation.Analytical performance target comprise based on the ultrasonic incomplete golden standard that instructs biopsy of >=10 cores >=80% specificity and >=80% specificity, ROC analyzes have >=0.80 AUC.
The purposes of expection: the circulation microcapsule bubble (cMV) described in this embodiment analysis is intended for the appointment biomarker of measuring microcapsule bubble in human plasma.This analysis intention has thinking in prostate cancer risk in raising and can being the supplementary means of prostate cancer in 40-90 year male sex of candidate of prostate biopsy of the PSA of rising and/or abnormal digital rectal examination as detecting.
Research and design: collect blood sample from the male sex who enters to organize standard described in the meeting of all arrangement prostate biopsy.Sample is registered on the books and stored with suitable form.The related data of collecting in case report form is stored with electronic form, and therefore archival paper printed books.According to (referring to Figure 25 D) that describe in detail in sample collection scheme, blood treatment is become to blood plasma, freezing and from collect place (for example, hospital or care institution) be transported to and analyze place, process herein and check protein and biological nucleic acid mark.By difference filter from separating plasma and concentrated circulation microcapsule bubble.To confirmed from biopsy prostate cancer the male sex at least 50 prostate cancer samples and from protein and the miRNA biomarker of the concentrated microcapsule bubble of training set check of at least 50 samples of the male sex with negative biopsy of same place.Use from 3 different samples of collecting place across the U.S..
Protein is tested for the potential source biomolecule mark relevant to the existence of PCa with RNA.
Method: carry out the selection of protein biomarker on Luminex200 instrument system.The experimental program of recommending according to manufacturers, addresses microballoon coupling by selected antibody and the difference from Luminex Corp..After coupling, the microballoon that washing applies, by Starting Block sealing damping fluid (the Thermo Scientific in PBS, catalogue #37538) in hatch and seal, washing in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (PBS), and use from the concentrated cMV of blood plasma and hatch, as described below.Use anti-CD9, anti-B7H3, anti-PCSA and the anti-PSMA of pearl combination to catch after cMV, washing microballoon-cMV mixture, then use the detection agent antibody (PE-CD9, PE-CD63 and PE-CD81) of phycoerythrin mark to hatch, and washing, then on Luminex200, read.Standard scheme comprises from 100 Microsphere fluorescent signals, and for the each Microsphere intermediate value fluorescence intensity (MFI) corresponding to each addressing of different capture antibodies.Except above-described four transmembrane protein detection agents, by the various various combinations of inspection agent and capture antibody.For example, as required, by the prostate gland in evaluation table 5 or other mark biomarkers.
Analyze the sum of the cMV in evaluated each kind of groups with flow cytometry.The plasma sample of appropriate amount is diluted to 100 times in PBS, then at room temperature in BD Trucount pipe (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA), hatch the event of 15min for quantitative each sample.The fluorescent bead that Trucount pipe contains exact number, it can compare by flow cytometry the event of each sample.Obtain and pass through FlowJo software (Tree Star by the sample of FACS Canto II cell counter (BD Biosciences), Inc., Ashland, OR) analysis disclose the quantity of sample event and the quantity of Trucount pearl of every pipe.Finally, obtain the calculating of the absolute quantity of each sample according to the indication of BD, and adjust by extension rate.
From the cMV check microRNA from plasma sample.Concentrated cMV and use Trizol method are extracted to miRNA from cMV.In brief, with Rnase A (Epicentre Biotechnolgies, Madison, WI) process cMV (20 μ g/ml, 37 ℃, 20min), then Trizol processes (every 100 μ l, 750 μ lTrizol LS), and under room temperature and 1400rpm vortex 30min.After centrifugal, collect supernatant liquor, and be further purified RNA with miRNeasy96 (Qiagen Inc., Valencia, CA) purification kit, and be stored at-80 ℃.By 40ng RNA reverse transcription, then upper at ABI7900 (Applied Biosystems, Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA), organize on I and II and move the Exiqon qRT-PCR mankind.Use SDS2.4 software (Applied Biosystems) to calculate CT value.By all samples with respect to calibrator between plate and RT-PCR reference standard.
Also from the cMV check messenger RNA(mRNA) from plasma sample.Check is from the messenger RNA(mRNA) of the cMV of plasma sample.First, separate cMV, and at 37 ℃, process 20 minutes with the RNase A of 229 μ g/ml.Then use Trizol method to extract messenger RNA(mRNA), and purify with the miniature test kit of Qiagen RNeasy, precipitate with 70% ethanol.By sample RNA reverse transcription, and according to explanation (the Agilent Technologies of manufacturers, Santa Clara, CA) use " Low Input QuickAmp Lableling " test kit for gene expression analysis of the same colour of Agilent to carry out Cy-3 mark.According to the explanation of manufacturers (Agilent Technologies, Inc., Santa Clara, CA), the sample of mark and Agilent ' s Whole Genome 44K v2 hybridization array are also washed.Scanning array on Agilent B scanner, and with Feature Extractor (Agilent Technologies) software extract data.The data universal standardization methodological standardization of extracting, and analyze with GeneSpring GX (Agilent Technologies) software.
From specific cMV subpopulation check miRNA and messenger RNA(mRNA) from blood plasma.For example, cMV is concentrated, then use the colony of the magnetic immuno precipitate and separate PCSA positive.After separation, use improved Trizol method to extract miRNA.In brief, process cMV with Rnase A (Epicentre) (20 μ g/ml, 37 ℃, 20min), then Trizol processes (every 100 μ l, 750 μ l Trizol LS), and under room temperature and 1400rpm vortex 30min.After centrifugal, collect supernatant liquor, and be further purified RNA with miRNeasy96 (Qiagen) purification kit, and be stored at-80 ℃.By 40ng RNA reverse transcription, then on ABI7900, organize on I and II and move the Exiqon qRT-PCR mankind.Use SDS2.4 software (Applied Biosystems) to calculate CT value.Quantitative criteria by all samples with respect to calibrator between plate and RT-PCR contrast and/or cMV.Also check the messenger RNA(mRNA) from the cMV of plasma sample.First, separate cMV, and at 37 ℃, process 20 minutes with the RNaseA (Epicentre) of 229 μ g/ml.Then use improved Trizol method to extract messenger RNA(mRNA), and purify with the miniature test kit of Qiagen RNeasy, precipitate with 70% ethanol.By sample RNA reverse transcription, and use " Low Input Quick Amp Lableling " test kit for gene expression analysis of the same colour of Agilent to carry out cy-3 mark according to manufacturers's explanation.According to the explanation of manufacturers, by the sample of mark and Agilent ' s Whole Genome44K v2 hybridization array washing.Will be on Agilent B scanner scanning array, and extract data with Feature Extractor (Agilent Technologies) software.By universal standardization method by the data normalization extracting, and with GeneSpring GX (Agilent Technologies) software analysis.
In standardized analyte value input R (cran.org) and SAS software (SAS Institute Inc., Caru NC), carry out Quality Control Analysis and change before analysis.Analysis is carried out as follows:
1) marking performance evaluation (for the preassigned or new marking)
A. the performance of the marking of specifying completely before blind is taken off in the clinical labororatory test that this sample sets can be taken off for evaluating clinical effectiveness blind or sample.In such a case, it is preassigned that the marking is considered to, and the new analyte data that must be applied to this sample sets in unaltered situation is to obtain predicting the outcome of all samples.Evaluate the performance (for example,, with regard to diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy) of the preassigned marking by comparison prediction and legitimate reading.Statistical study comprises performance estimation and fiducial interval.
B. for there is no the preassigned marking (that is, obtaining from the clinical effectiveness of sample and the prophet of laboratory test results), these samples still can be used for evaluating the performance of the marking.In order to ensure relatively agonic performance estimation, in the k-folding closs validation ring that comprises all marks selections and classification prediction steps, carry out nido statistical analysis, as described below.
2) select for the mark of the new marking
A. only have and they and the dependency of disease result are demonstrated while being to provide demographic information by test when the subset that uses common technology, ability is included in mark for example, in the new marking,
I.Welch check-in the time that variance is different, for the powerful parametric statistic check of difference between cell mean;
The powerful nonparametric statistics check of the raising (higher than 0.50) of ii.Wilcoxon symbol-rank test-can be interpreted as showing ROC AUC;
Iii.Youden ' s J-is calculated as greatest combined sensitivity and the specificity of mark on all possible diagnostic threshold.Evaluate significance,statistical by permutation test.
While being significant in the situation of the quantity statistics check of b. only carrying out in check, the information providing is statistically provided mark.More specifically, for multiple check, regulate the p-value-for example successively comparing, use False discovery rate threshold value or the specific inaccuracy by family by control.
3) formation of the new marking: supposition before (mark selection) stage identifies that the mark of information subset is provided, use generally acknowledged modeling technique to form new many marks model.Estimate the parameter for the marking by training pattern on whole training dataset, and use the method for " for the non-preassigned marking ", according to the performance for the marking of evaluating " marking performance evaluation " Suo Shu.We will concentrate on simple and generally acknowledged modeling technique, comprising: discriminatory analysis, SVMs, logistic return and decision tree.Report the result of all models.
For target clinical variable, can carry out other empirical analysis-for example to data set, biopsy number of times, biopsy indication and biopsy result (for example, senior prostatic intraepithelial neoplasm sample pathology (HGPIN), atypia glandule bubble propagation (ASAP), ATYPIA, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatitis) before.By carrying out such analysis in the model limiting before co-variation amount or layered displacement-variable introducing.Only, in the laggard row empirical test of evaluating data adequacy, record all tests and result, and for multiple check, p-value is proofreaied and correct.
patient fits lattice:
enter group standard:
1. sex: the male sex
2. the range of age 40 was to 79 years old
3. any race or ethnic group
4. arrange prostate biopsy as the part of routine care and extract the male sex of blood with the biopsy that is intended to arrange in first 7 days
5. prostate biopsy pathological replacement can be used for submitting to Caris, and all research forms and patient's sample.
6. understand the understanding level of research and the suitable lattice of signature letter of consent.
exclusion standard:
1. before any or ongoing prostate cancer therapy, comprise prostatectomy or hormonotherapy.
2. the cancer diagnosis before except prostate cancer or non-melanoma skin cancer.
3. prostate biopsy in blood collection 30 days.
4. before drawing blood, carried out DRE the same day in blood sampling.
5. refusal bloodletting.
6. refusal signature letter of consent form.
The individual race, sex (research is limited to the male sex) and the ethnic group feature that are applicable to participation prostate gland blood collection project should reflect the demography situation of accepting or seeking the experimenter of urology department medical treatment.Comprise experimenter according to these demographys.Do not have individuality to get rid of outside prostate gland blood collection project based on race, national source, ethnic group, deformity or HIV state.
Patient or data selection require: data selection is by based on patient's criterion of acceptability and be limited to the subset (, in the situation that lab analysis thing data can be used) of the experimenter's who comprises corresponding to this research data logging.Data field comprises for those of (non--PHI) donor identification, QC and clinical interpretation, as shown in Table 30:
Table 30: patient data
Figure BPA0000186429140003411
Figure BPA0000186429140003421
Patient or data acquisition request: the mechanism in blood drawing obtains data field on clinical data form.On-the-spot office worker obtains all Data Elements by the information that medical records and patient obtain.By the data of collecting for various situations in 48 hours that receive in input database.Need to complete all data fields; If any one does not complete, inquiry is sent to scene, and will be shown in answer in 10 working dayss.Previously selected data field must complete or patient is got rid of outside analyzing.
Those skilled in the art will recognize that and can develop and confirm that other situations comprise the biological marking of circulating biological biomarker according to similar scheme, for example,, for diagnosis, prognosis and/or the treatment diagnostic evaluation of the cancer beyond other diseases and prostate cancer.For example, the biomarker in table 5 can be as the part of the biological marking for other situations.
embodiment 44: data mining is with identification of organism mark
The expression of known microRNA regulating mRNA.Form the expression database containing about the information of the mrna expression of many tumor types.Described database contains the data that use Illumina DASL microarray (Illumina, Inc., San Diego, CA) to obtain for several thousand patients.Circulation microcapsule bubble (cMV) contains microRNA as main RNA material, and contains mRNA.In this embodiment, between those mRNA that express in the mRNA of differential expression and cMV, carry out association in the cancer from expression database.Find that the mRNA of differential expression in tumor tissues is also for finding the microRNA target of cMV.
Evaluate from the gene expression data of expression database to find between prostate cancer (PCa+), mammary cancer (BrCa), lung cancer (LCa) and colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and the healthy tissues of mating (PCa-) and between type of cancer, statistically the gene (table 31) of significant difference expression.Analyze the expression data (form HT-12 and REF-8) of cancer sample (prostate gland, colorectum, mammary gland and lung) to detect the gene of differential expression between type of cancer.Similarly, compare prostate cancer (PCa) sample to detect prostatic cancer specific probe for prostate gland normal specimens.In order to carry out this analysis, before analyzing by adopt 20 arbitrarily the subset of selected arrays (6 mammary cancer, 5 colorectal carcinomas, 5 lung cancer and 4 prostate cancers) by expression data stdn to produce fractile with reference to distribution.Then all arrays of this data centralization are distributed to guarantee the fractile that each array is total identical with reference to distribution stdn relatively.Then, for the standardized expression data of each probe analysis of data centralization.Use F-scoring (also referred to as Fisher ' s scoring) statistics, by more each classification for example, to (, prostate cancer vs. mammary cancer, and prostate cancer vs. prostate gland is normal) the checkout discrepancy probe (and corresponding gene) of expressing.By the average group difference in calculating group standard deviation summation square square obtain this statistic, it is measurement in the variation of vs. classification between classification variation.PCa+ sample be on average in the situation of the junior in two groups, F-scoring is set as to feminine gender.Finally, use the absolute value of F-scoring that F-is divided into descending sequence, and the mark of selecting the highest up/down to regulate from list.
Table 31:PCa+ sample and shown in the significant difference of statistics is expressed between sample gene
Grade PCa- BrCa CRC LCa
1 SEMG1 KLK2 KLK2 KLK2
2 MAP4K1 KLK2 KLK2 KLK2
3 CXCL13 MAOA KLK4 LRRC26
4 GNAO1 KLK4 LRRC26 LOC389816
5 DST PVRL3 CDX1 KLK4
6 AQP2 SLC45A3 EEF1A2 CAB39L
7 NELL2 NLGN4Y FOXA2 SPDEF
8 TNNT3 STX19 SPDEF SIM2
9 PRSS21 CYorf14 BAIAP2L2 SLC45A3
10 SNAI2 C22orf32 FAM110B PNPLA7
11 BMP5 PNPLA7 MIPOL1 TRIM36
12 PGF SIM2 CEACAM6 GSTP1
13 POU3F1 FEV SLC45A3 TRPV6
14 ERCC1 TRPM8 ADRB2 ASTN2
15 TAF1C ARG2 LOC389816 MUC1
16 KLHL5 TRIM36 C19orf33 MUC1
17 C16orf86 ADRB2 ZNF613 ZNF613
18 SMARCD3 LRRC26 TRIM36 FAM110B
19 PENK EIF1AY ERN2 FEV
20 SCML1 SLC30A4 TRIM31 CRIP1
For prostate cancer, produce and crossed the most significantly the list of expressing and express not enough gene.These genes are compared with the list of the mRNA detecting in the cMV from patients with prostate cancer by microarray.Also find that a Gene A QP2 who carrys out self-organization list expresses in cMV.Then use for the TargetScan public database of the microRNA that can affect these mrna expressions the list of the upper mediation down-regulated gene from prostate tumor tissue is excavated.In 20 mRNA of check, there are 11 microRNAs (table 32) of finding to exist coupling.Then this microRNA list is found to the microRNA list of reliable detection is compared in cMV with us.This has relatively disclosed 10 microRNAs (table 32) of also having found to regulate target mRNA in prostate tumor tissue in cMV.
Table 32: the microRNA relevant to the mRNA of differential expression
Figure BPA0000186429140003441
Figure BPA0000186429140003451
In addition be found to be, the usually difference of indicator protein matter level of mRNA of differential expression.The result of this excavating activities identified to can for example, for distinguishing the protein (, KLK2) that the cMV of prostate cancer and other cancers is relevant, described other cancers comprise mammary cancer, lung cancer and colorectal carcinoma.Known KLK2 is relevant to prostata tissue.
embodiment 45: microRNA functional analysis
Can find to circulate in blood, HDL and LDL particle that microRNA seals at microcapsule bubble and in the composition of nucleoprotein complex (RNP).Can detect microRNA by available technology, described technology is as RT-qPCR or order-checking of future generation.But, the microRNA in biological activity state by one of Argonaute albumen (Ago1-4) in conjunction with and activate.This embodiment has presented can detect the analysis from the functionally active of given microRNA in the sample of different sources (including but not limited to the microcapsule bubble of cell lysate, body fluid, blood plasma, serum, separation etc.) in single reaction.
This analysis comprises synthetic RNA molecule, streptavidin-PE, restructuring Argonaute2 and RISC (the reticent mixture of RNA induction) the reaction buffer composition of microballon, vitamin H coupling.The composition of this analysis is shown in Figure 26.As shown in Figure 26 A, the synthetic RNA molecule of vitamin H coupling contains 3 ' joint/elongated area 262, center miRNA target area the 263 and the 25 ' joint/elongated area 264.RNA is connected to microballon 261 at 3 ' end, and by 5 ' end and vitamin H 266 couplings.Center miRNA target area 263 is designed to and the complementation of target miRNA sequence.Any target microRNA can be in this analysis; For for example, only use let-7a at this.Use streptavidin-PE (phycoerythrin) 265 to carry out the vitamin H end of labeled rna.If target let-7a is present in sample, and with Ago protein 26 7 (for example, restructuring Ago2 (rAgo2)) combination/association, let-7a is in connection with complementary microRNA target area 263, and cuts synthetic RNA by the inscribe Nucleotide nicking activity of Argonaute2 in region 263 subsequently.Referring to the step 268 in Figure 26.Once cutting, 5 ' end of synthetic RNA molecule is released, and vitamin H/streptavidin thus-PE mixture separates with microballon 261.Referring to Figure 26 B.Then, separate and wash microballon to remove the RNA of cutting, only leave thus the RNA of remaining not cutting material and any cutting.After this washing step, concentration and the activity of the target microRNA 267 that the Ago-that the difference of PE signal is existed in original analysis is combined are associated.In this embodiment, in input sample, the amount of let-7a of Ago combination has determined the level of the RNA of cutting.For example, if there is no let-7a, does not cut maintenance in synthetic RNA target region 263, and strength of signal does not change maintenance.
Figure 26 C-E schematically illustrates can be as the various RNA source of the input of this analysis.Figure 26 C has illustrated in conjunction with Ago protein 26 9 to form the microRNA 268 of Yeast Nucleic Acid mixture 267.Figure 26 D has illustrated the immunoprecipitation that uses the Argonaute-microRNA mixture 267 of the bonding agent 2610 of Ago.Figure 26 E illustrative examples is as the direct analysis of the microcapsule bubble Argonaute-microRNA mixture 267 from cell lysate, body fluid or cracking.
embodiment 46: the circulation microcapsule bubble (cMV) in patients with prostate cancer sample
In this embodiment, determined the cMV spectrum in prostate cancer and relative disease.Method is similar to embodiment 20-24.Conventionally, trapping agent (antibody and/or fit) is tied in fluorescently-labeled microballon, and hatch with together with cMV from patient's blood plasma.Detect caught cMV with fluorescently-labeled detection agent (antibody and/or fit).Then fluorescent signal is used for to the relatively level of the specific cMV of patient's sample colony.Comprise under study for action 129 samples of intending use altogether, comprised 61 cancers and 68 non-cancers.Patient characteristic is shown in table 33-36.
Table 33: biopsy result
Patient's biopsy result Number
Optimum/inflammation 49
HGPIN/ atypia 19
Cancer 61
Table 34: the pathology of " normally " sample
" normally " pathology Quantity
Optimum
32
Inflammation 17
Atypia/ASAP 1
HGPIN 18
Table 35: patient clinical data
Demography Non-cancer Cancer
Mean P SA 5.0 6.2
Mean age 61.6 65.3
Quantity 68 61
Table 36: patient race
Race Normally Cancer Amount to
Caucasian 53 49 102
Black people or African American 5 3 8
Aisa people 1 2 3
Original inhabitants Hawaiians or other Pacific Ocean islander 0 1 1
American Indians or alaskan native 1 0 1
Catch with detection agent antibody and be shown in table 37:
Table 37: catch and detection agent antibody
Figure BPA0000186429140003471
Figure BPA0000186429140003481
Figure BPA0000186429140003491
Figure BPA0000186429140003501
Figure BPA0000186429140003521
Figure BPA0000186429140003531
Figure BPA0000186429140003541
Figure BPA0000186429140003551
Use five kinds of detection agents, having comprised: the 1) combination of four transmembrane protein CD9, CD63, CD81; 2) independent CD81; 3) PCSA; 4) MUC2; With 5) MFG-E8.The combination of the trapping agent of detection agent and microballon coupling is shown in table 38.In this table, trapping agent and/or detection agent comprise antibody, unless be labeled as fit.The first row represents detection agent.Below every kind of detection agent is the trapping agent list using together with detection agent.Chicken IgY in contrast.
Table 38: trapping agent and detection agent combination
Figure BPA0000186429140003552
Figure BPA0000186429140003571
Figure BPA0000186429140003581
Figure BPA0000186429140003591
Above group of operation in microballon system, and compare the fluorescence intensity between prostate cancer and normal specimens for each detection agent/trapping agent combination (table 38).The performance of the PSA test in group is shown in table 39.Identified 33 kinds of mark combinations, the performance of each combination is significantly better than the PSA in this colony separately, as shown in table 40.For every patient, result is used background correction and reanalyses with respect to the standardized data of chicken IgY that detect, as shown in table 41.
Table 39:PSA performance
PSA cutoff (ng/ml) Sensitivity Specificity The accuracy of estimation
2.5 93％ 10％ 52％
4 80％ 36％ 58％
10 11％ 91％ 51％
Table 40: the high-performance combination of detection agent and trapping agent
Detection agent Trapping agent Youden-J P-value False discovery rate The accuracy of estimation
MFGE8 MUC17 0.37 ＜.001 0.09 68％
CD81 S100A4 0.35 ＜.001 0.09 67％
Muc2 SPARC 0.33 ＜.001 0.09 67％
CD81 KLK2 0.34 ＜.001 0.09 67％
MFGE8 GAL3 0.39 ＜.001 0.09 70％
MFGE8 Tsg101 0.32 ＜.001 0.09 66％
Muc2 seprase/FAP 0.36 ＜.001 0.09 68％
CD81 ADAM10 0.36 ＜.001 0.09 68％
MFGE8 MUC1 0.34 ＜.001 0.09 67％
MFGE8 A33 0.33 ＜.001 0.10 67％
MFGE8 ASPH(A10) 0.32 ＜.001 0.10 66％
Muc2 CD63 0.37 ＜.001 0.10 69％
Muc2 FASL 0.33 ＜.001 0.10 66％
MFGE8 ERG 0.34 ＜.001 0.10 67％
CD81 CD66eCEA 0.32 ＜.001 0.10 66％
MFGE8 HER3(ErbB3) 0.34 ＜.001 0.10 67％
MFGE8 NK2R(C21) 0.35 ＜.001 0.10 68％
MFGE8 TWEAK 0.32 ＜.001 0.10 66％
MFGE8 SIM2(C15) 0.33 ＜.001 0.10 67％
CD81 B7H4 0.34 ＜.001 0.10 67％
MFGE8 Mammary gland globin 0.33 ＜.001 0.10 67％
MFGE8 seprase/FAP 0.30 ＜.001 0.10 65％
MFGE8 IL8 0.32 ＜.001 0.10 66％
MFGE8 FRT 0.31 ＜.001 0.10 65％
Tets UNC93A 0.35 ＜.001 0.10 67％
MFGE8 SPC 0.33 ＜.001 0.10 67％
MFGE8 TGM2 0.33 ＜.001 0.10 66％
MFGE8 HAP 0.30 ＜.001 0.10 65％
Muc2 Epcam 0.31 ＜.001 0.10 65％
Muc2 C?Bir 0.33 ＜.001 0.10 67％
Muc2 Ncam 0.31 ＜.001 0.10 66％
MFGE8 MMP9 0.31 ＜.001 0.10 66％
MFGE8 EphA2 0.33 ＜.001 0.10 67％
Table 41: the high-performance combination (alternately stdn) of detection agent and trapping agent
Figure BPA0000186429140003601
Figure BPA0000186429140003611
Data in table 40 and 41 show that several mark groups are better than individually PSA and distinguish prostate cancer and non-cancer (referring to table 39).Then the mark in analytical table 41 combines to determine how performance changes by disease hypotype of science.In this case, inflammation hypotype is to make a distinction than benign disease or poor performance and the prostate cancer of HGPIN, as shown in table 42.
Table 42: distinguish prostate cancer (PCa) and other diseases hypotype of science
Figure BPA0000186429140003612
Then assess mark and combine to identify that the best PCa of differentiation has BPH with 32 but those marks without the sample of inflammatory conditions combine (referring to table 34).In table 43, identify high-performance detection agent-trapping agent pair.
Table 43: the differentiating solvent of cancer v benign prostate disease
Detection agent Trapping agent AUC
MFGE8 Integrin 0.730
MFGE8 NK-2R(C-21) 0.728
MFGE8 GAL3 0.728
MFGE8 Mammary gland globin 0.721
MFGE8 MUC17 0.722
MFGE8 SIM2(C-15) 0.721
MFGE8 A33 0.715
MFGE8 EphA2 0.713
CD9，CD63，CD81 UNC93A 0.684
MFGE8 PBP 0.695
MFGE8 MUC1 0.690
MFGE8 CRP 0.674
CD9，CD63，CD81 S100-A4 0.689
CD81 CD81 0.688
MFGE8 HER3(ErbB3) 0.667
CD9，CD63，CD81 ADAM10 0.686
MFGE8 Gro-α 0.684
MFGE8 CD9 0.684
MFGE8 NGAL 0.678
MFGE8 FRT 0.682
Then assess those mark combinations that mark combines to identify the best PCa of differentiation and inflammatory conditions (N=17).In table 44, identify high-performance detection agent-trapping agent pair:
Table 44: the differentiating solvent of inflammatory diseases
Detection agent Trapping agent AUC
Muc2 MISRII 0.559
CD81 Tsg101 0.676
Muc2 C-Bir 0.692
Muc2 MFG-E8 0.628
CD81 ALA 0.682
CD9，CD63，CD81 UNC93A 0.658
Muc2 TWEAK 0.628
CD81 PSMA is fit 0.634
Muc2 B7H3 0.574
Muc2 NGAL 0.664
CD81 GATA2 0.623
Other useful combinations comprise PCSA detection agent and EZH2 trapping agent, and CD81 detection agent and PIM1 trapping agent.
Comprise that above those multiple mark groups can combine to improve test performance.Use above data, check the performance of group with multivariate model, use multiple trapping agent.Figure 27 has shown the result that uses two such groups of ROC curve.In Figure 27 A, catch vesica with the antibody of mammary gland globin, SIM2 and NK-2R, and detect with the anti-MFG-E8 antibody of PE-mark.AUC is 0.90.In Figure 27 B, catch vesica with the antibody of integrin, NK-2R and Gal3.And detect with the anti-MFG-E8 antibody of PE-mark.Figure 27 B has shown by distinguishing 61 prostate cancers and 32 ROC curves that benign prostate sample produces.AUC is 0.84.
embodiment 47: the microRNA of distinguishing cancer
As shown in embodiment 46, in prostate cancer and other samples, measure the level of various microRNAs.Use Exiqon card to measure microRNA level to the concentrating vesicles of the patient's plasma sample from converging.According to the concentrated vesica that separates described in embodiment 20.Table 45 and 46 has shown that use independently converges the high-performance miRNA mark of sample sets differentiation prostate cancer sample and non-prostate cancer sample (HGPIN, inflammatory and optimum), carrys out classification by AUC (table 45) and p-value (table 46).In table 46, p-value is calculated with the non-paired t test with Benjamini-Hochberg correction for multiple comparisons.Table 47 has shown the high-performance miRNA mark for distinguishing prostate cancer sample and inflammatory diseases sample.
Table 45: the microRNA differentiating solvent of prostate cancer
MiRNA biomarker AUC
miR-148a 0.678
miR-329 0.690
miR-9 0.678
miR-378* 0.648
miR-25 0.668
miR-614 0.643
miR-518c* 0.654
miR-378 0.651
miR-765 0.645
let-7f-2* 0.596
miR-574-3p 0.654
miR-497 0.650
miR-32 0.645
miR-379 0.611
miR-520g 0.612
miR-542-5p 0.647
miR-342-3p 0.647
miR-1206 0.564
miR-663 0.645
miR-222 0.641
Table 46: the microRNA differentiating solvent of prostate cancer
MiRNA biomarker P-value
hsa-miR-877* 0.033
hsa-miR-593 0.026
hsa-miR-595 0.021
hsa-miR-300 0.048
hsa-miR-324-5p 0.033
hsa-miR-548a-5p 0.021
hsa-miR-329 0.033
hsa-miR-550 0.003
hsa-miR-886-5p 0.033
hsa-miR-603 0.021
hsa-miR-490-3p 0.033
hsa-miR-938 0.033
hsa-miR-149 0.033
hsa-miR-150 0.033
hsa-miR-1296 0.005
hsa-miR-384 0.033
hsa-miR-487a 0.033
hsa-miRPlus-C1089 0.026
hsa-miR-485-3p 0.026
hsa-miR-525-5p 0.033
Table 47: the microRNA differentiating solvent of inflammatory diseases
MiRNA biomarker AUC
miR-588 0.956
miR-1258 1.000
miR-16-2* 0.882
miR-938 0.905
miR-526b 0.746
miR-92b* 0.885
let-7d 0.740
miR-378* 0.854
miR-124 0.881
miR-376c 0.865
miR-26b 0.719
miR-1204 0.897
miR-574-3p 0.725
miR-195 1.000
miR-499-3p 0.751
miR-2110 0.760
miR-888 0.714
The performance of several independent microRNAs is shown in Figure 28.Figure 28 A has shown the level of miR-614, and it can distinguish prostate cancer and other sample sets.The miR that distinguishes inflammation and cancer is shown in Figure 28 B (miR-211) and Figure 28 C (miR-136).The miR that distinguishes inflammation and cancer is shown in Figure 28 D (miR-149), Figure 28 E (miR-221*), Figure 28 F (miR-329) and Figure 28 G (miR-26b).
embodiment 48: the circulation microcapsule bubble (cMV) in patients with prostate cancer sample
In this embodiment, determined the cMV spectrum in prostate cancer and relative disease.Similar to embodiment 46 of method, except being used different but overlapping capture antibody groups and different but overlapping patient's sample sets.Conventionally, trapping agent (antibody and/or fit) is tied in fluorescently-labeled microballon, and hatch with together with cMV from patient's blood plasma.Detect the cMV catching with fluorescently-labeled detection agent (antibody and/or fit).Then fluorescent signal is used for to the relatively level of the specific cMV of patient's sample colony.Comprise 206 samples of intending use altogether in this research, comprised 92 cancers and 114 non-cancers.Patient characteristic is shown in table 48.
Table 48: patient characteristic
Pathological type Quantity
Benign prostate disease 54
Optimum with inflammation 31
High-grade Pin (HGPIN) 29
Cancer is biopsy first 79
Cancer is observed and is waited for 13
Trapping agent and detection agent antibody are shown in table 49:
Table 49: trapping agent and detection agent antibody
Figure BPA0000186429140003681
Figure BPA0000186429140003691
The antibody that has used five kinds of detection agents, comprising: 1) EpCam; 2) independent CD81; 3) PCSA; 4) MUC2; With 5) MFG-E8.Detection agent is shown in table 50 together with the combination of the trapping agent of microballon coupling.In this table, described trapping agent and/or detection agent comprise the antibody of target shown in identification, unless indicated it is fit.The first row represents detection agent.It below every kind of detection agent, is the trapping agent list using together with detection agent.Chicken IgY in contrast.
Table 50: trapping agent and detection agent combination
Figure BPA0000186429140003692
Figure BPA0000186429140003701
Table 51 has shown the high-performance detection agent/trapping agent combination for distinguishing prostate cancer and every other sample.Use the relatively level of the vesica that detects between these groups of Wilcoxon check.P-value is shown in table 51:
Table 51: the microRNA differentiating solvent of prostate cancer
Detection agent Trapping agent P-value
PCSA A33 0.0002
Muc2 AURKB 0.0006
PCSA Gro-α 0.0012
PCSA TGM2 0.0030
PCSA TWEAK 0.0054
PCSA B7H3 0.0056
PCSA FLNA 0.0082
PCSA ADAM10 0.0104
EpCAM Mammary gland globin 0.0108
PCSA NY-ESO-1 0.0114
PCSA AMACR 0.0144
PCSA S100-A4 0.0157
PCSA Integrin 0.0180
PCSA RANK 0.0188
PCSA MMP9 0.0213
PCSA EGFR 0.0225
PCSA PSMA 0.0250
PCSA hVEGFR2 0.0274
PCSA GM-CSF 0.0291
EpCAM PSIP1/LEDGF 0.0324
PCSA CXCL12 0.0364
PCSA CSA 0.0369
Muc2 PSIP1/LEDGF 0.0412
PCSA CD41 0.0455
PCSA SSX2 0.0513
For the plasma sample from patient in table 48, the trapping agent/detection agent from table 50 builds multiple biomarker groups.Example results is shown in Figure 29.In Figure 29 A, trapping agent identification AURKB, A33, CD63, Gro-α and integrin, and detection agent identification MUC2, PCSA and CD81.Between prostate cancer sample and every other sample, compare.In this sample sets, the AUC of ROC curve is 0.8306, with only 0.59 comparing of PSA.Point place shown on ROC curve, sensitivity is 0.815, and specificity is 0.737.Be used for distinguishing the classification thresholds of cancer by adjusting, described group can be for being beneficial to sensitivity or specificity as required.Conventionally, sensitiveer for the test of disease, false positive rate is higher, and specificity is lower.Have compared with the test of high specific and conventionally will sacrifice sensitivity by improving its false negative rate.This makes for screening test, and highly sensitive test more preferably, and is confirming on the preferably test of high specific.In Figure 29 A, can setting threshold to make sensitivity as 95%, and specificity is 52%.This is that on curve, its medium sensitivity is 0.95 and the 1-specificity point that is 0.48.Under this threshold value, all four Gleason8 and two Gleason9 samples all correctly classify as prostate cancer, and in 36 Gleason7 34 correct classification, and 44 correct classification in 48 Gleason6.
In Figure 29 B, trapping agent identification AURKB, CD63, FLNA, A33, Gro-α, integrin, CD24, SSX2 and SIM2, and detection agent identification MUC2, PCSA, CD81, MFG-E8 and EpCam.Between the sample of biopsy prostate cancer for the first time (not being to observe to wait for) and every other sample, compare.In this sample sets, the AUC of ROC curve is 0.835, with only 0.60 comparing of PSA.Point place shown on ROX curve, sensitivity is 0.823, and specificity is 0.737.
embodiment 49: the microRNA in patients with prostate cancer sample
According to described in embodiment 48, measure the level of various microRNAs in prostate cancer and other samples.The RNA that the concentrating vesicles of every kind of listed sample extracts from table 48 that described sample comprises 2 μ l equal portions.According to the separation concentrating vesicles described in embodiment 20.Described sample merges according to the group in table 48.For each set, in triplicate Exiqon card, measure microRNA level.The 35 kinds of microRNAs that can distinguish prostate cancer and benign disease or prostate cancer and inflammatory sample are identified, as shown in table 52.
Table 52: the microRNA differentiating solvent of prostate cancer
Figure BPA0000186429140003731
The various combinations of the microRNA in table 52 can be for distinguishing prostate cancer and benign disease, comprises and distinguish prostate cancer and specific benign disease, as inflammation.
embodiment 50: for trapping agent and the detection agent combination of prostate cancer cMV
In this embodiment, determined from circulation microcapsule bubble (cMV) spectrum in the plasma sample of prostate cancer and normal (non-prostate cancer) sample.Method is similar to embodiment 20-24.CMV from PCa or normal specimens pond is concentrated.By shown in the capture antibody of vesica antigen tie in fluorescently-labeled microballon, and use from the concentrated cMV of patient's blood plasma and hatch.With shown in the detection agent antibody of PE mark of vesica antigen carry out marker beads combination and cMV that catch.Analysis of fluorescence signal is to determine the level of specific cMV colony in patient's sample.
Fig. 9-10 have shown and have tied the detection of the cMV of antibody capture with general vesica mark (CD9, CD63, CD81), prostate gland mark (PCSA, PSMA) and the specific pearl of cancer markers (EpCam, B7H3).In those figure, detected the cMV catching with the traget antibody of four transmembrane protein CD9, CD63 and CD81 simultaneously.In this embodiment, catch vesica with the antibody that PCSA, PSMA or the specific pearl of B7H3 tie.Carry out the cMV of mark capturing with the antibody of the PE mark of PCSA, PSMA or B7H3 or four transmembrane protein CD9, CD63 and CD81.Catch for PCSA, the results are shown in Figure 30 A, catch for PSMA, the results are shown in Figure 30 B, and catch for B7H3, the results are shown in Figure 30 C.In these figure, Y-axle has shown the average median fluorescence intensity (MFI) of the antibody that detects.Sample shown on X-axle comprises the positive pond of PCa (" 1Pos pond "), from patient's negative control pond (" 2Neg pond ") and the contrast blank (" blank ") of not suffering from PCa.The detection agent indicating on X-axle comprises the traget antibody of independent PSMA, PCSA or B7H3, the mixture (" mixture ") of PSMA, PCSA, B7H3 antibody, or the mixture of the antibody of four transmembrane protein CD9, CD63 and CD81 (" V1-tets ").The result showing in Fig. 9,10 and 30 has proved by catching and/or detect with the various combinations of general vesica mark, prostate gland mark and the specific reagent of cancer markers, Pca vesica and normal control to be made a distinction.
embodiment 51: the circulation microcapsule bubble (cMV) in patients with prostate cancer sample
In this embodiment, determined the cMV spectrum in prostate cancer and relative disease.Method is similar with 48 to embodiment 46, but has used difference but overlapping patient group.Conventionally, capture antibody is tied in fluorescently-labeled microballon, and use from the cMV of patient's plasma sample and hatch.The cMV catching with fluorescently-labeled detection agent antibody test.Then fluorescent signal is used for to the relatively level of the specific cMV of patient's sample colony.In this research, altogether comprise 216 patient's samples, comprised 91 cancer samples and 125 non-cancer samples.All experimenters have the biopsy result of cancer, or have negative findings, and any experimenter is from >=10 core biopsy.Blood sample of patient is clarified with 3000 × g in Labofuge whizzer, then from 1mL blood plasma, separated cMV (for more detailed content, referring to embodiment 20) by filtering.From further data analysis, remove and fail by 30 samples of mass measurement.The feature of 175 samples by quality control is shown in table 53.The normal person of never known prostatosis has collected other 11 samples, but not for this embodiment relatively in.
Table 53: patient characteristic
Figure BPA0000186429140003741
Trapping agent and detection agent bonding agent are shown in table 54:
Table 54: trapping agent and detection agent antibody
Figure BPA0000186429140003751
Figure BPA0000186429140003761
Figure BPA0000186429140003781
Figure BPA0000186429140003791
The PE traget antibody that has used five kinds of detection agents, comprising: 1) EpCam; 2) independent CD81; 3) PCSA; 4) MUC2; With 5) MFG-E8.Detection agent is shown in table 55 together with the combination of the trapping agent of microballon coupling.In this table, described trapping agent and/or detection agent comprise the antibody of target shown in identification, unless indicated it is fit.The first row represents detection agent.It below every kind of detection agent, is the list of the trapping agent that uses together with detection agent.Chicken IgY in contrast.
Table 55: trapping agent and detection agent combination
Figure BPA0000186429140003792
Figure BPA0000186429140003801
Figure BPA0000186429140003811
For the combination of each detection agent/trapping agent, the concentrated blood plasma of 25 μ l is hatched with the microballon of antibody coupling.Concentrate in parallel experiment, anti-PCSA detection agent also concentrates blood plasma for 3 μ l of every kind of trapping agent.All samples moves in duplicate.
Multiple different two groups of trapping agent/detection agents of relatively identifying the mark that can distinguish best in following table listed group are carried out to (hereinafter referred to " mark to ").Use the distribution free Kruskal-Wallace check with Benjamini and Hochberg False discovery rate (" FDR ") or Bonferroni ' s correction (" Bonf ") correction, compared the level of the vesica that detects between these groups.Kruskal-Wallace is similar to the variance analysis of the data of replacing according to order, and in the time comparing two groups, is equal to Mann-Whitney U check/Wilcoxon rank test.From further analysis, get rid of and there are the positive control data that can not distinguish with blank negative control the mark pair of (Pca positive and negative converge patient's sample).Measure as another quality control, from analyze, get rid of lower 5% the sample that wherein uses the fluorescent value of vesica of anti-CD9 antibody capture to fall into use data that CD81 detection agent obtains.Because four transmembrane protein CD9 and CD81 express conventionally on vesica, this is measured and has got rid of the sample with not enough vesica level.In described table, detection agent " PCSA (25) " represents that wherein the concentrated blood plasma of 25 μ l is for the sample of the anti-PCSA of the mark as detection agent.Equally, detection agent " PCSA (3) " represents that wherein the concentrated blood plasma of 3 μ l is for the sample of the anti-PCSA of the mark as detection agent.
Table 56 has shown the high-performance detection agent/trapping agent combination for distinguishing prostate cancer (PCa+) sample and every other sample (PCA-).This relatively in, PCa+ is defined as (that is, observe and wait for) before any or current (, positive biopsy first), and PCA-is defined as to every other biopsy result.The original p-value with proofreading and correct is shown in table 56:
Table 56: all negative biopsies of all positive biopsy v
Figure BPA0000186429140003821
In table 57, compare the subset of PCa+ and PCa-sample.Sample meets following standard: the positive biopsy of 1) have >=10 cores or negative biopsy; 2) 40≤age≤75; 3) 0≤blood-serum P SA (ng/ml)≤10; With 4) without previous biopsy (no matter positive or negative).The positive group that meets this standard is called to " restriction sample sets ".
Table 57: limit the negative biopsy of positive biopsy v
In table 58, compare the second subset of PCa+ and PCa-sample.Sample meets following standard: the positive biopsy of 1) have >=10 cores or negative biopsy; 2) 40≤age≤75; 3) 0≤blood-serum P SA (ng/ml)≤10; With 4) less than previous positive biopsy (but can there is previous negative biopsy).Attention standard 4) preparation is different from directly above group.
Table 58: limit the negative biopsy of positive biopsy v
Result when table 59 has shown all PCA-samples of PCa+vs. of newly identifying on ground.This has relatively been got rid of observation and has waited for sample.
Table 59: the negative biopsy of the new positive biopsy v identifying
Figure BPA0000186429140003842
Figure BPA0000186429140003851
It is the low risk of the excessive risk vs.PCa sample of PCa for the analysis of result in table 60.Excessive risk is defined as positive cancer biopsy and HGPIN and ATYPIA/ASAP.The surplus low risk sample that the rest is.
The low risk of the excessive risk vs.PCa of table 60:PCa
Figure BPA0000186429140003852
Figure BPA0000186429140003861
For the analysis of the result in table 61 by with all PCA+ sample compositions of inflammatory positive comparison.Get rid of every other result.
Table 61: prostate cancer v prostatitis
Figure BPA0000186429140003862
For the analysis of the result in table 62, by all PCA+ sample compositions compared with " optimum " prostatic disorder, wherein " optimum " is defined as the negative biopsy without inflammatory conditions.
Table 62: prostate cancer v non-inflammatory benign prostate illness
Figure BPA0000186429140003863
Figure BPA0000186429140003871
Table 63 has shown that more all PCA+ samples and all high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasms form the result of (HGPIN) sample.
Table 63: prostate cancer v HGPIN
Detection agent Trapping agent Effect-size Wilcoxon p-value FDR Bonf
Epcam MMP7 0.7945 0.0000 0.0074 0.0143
PCSA(25) MMP7 0.7939 0.0000 0.0074 0.0148
PCSA(25) ADAM10 0.7727 0.0001 0.0174 0.0523
PCSA(25) IL-1B 0.7644 0.0002 0.0210 0.0840
Epcam BCNP 0.7484 0.0005 0.0329 0.2009
PCSA(25) EGFR 0.7458 0.0005 0.0329 0.2300
PCSA(3) BCNP 0.7458 0.0005 0.0329 0.2300
PCSA(25) CD9 0.7298 0.0012 0.0651 0.5206
PCSA(25) SPDEF 0.7273 0.0014 0.0656 0.5906
Epcam TRAIL?R2 0.7209 0.0018 0.0732 0.8055
PCSA(25) AURKB 0.7209 0.0018 0.0732 0.8055
PCSA(25) SERPINB3 0.7164 0.0023 0.0802 0.9963
Epcam NGAL 0.7154 0.0024 0.0802 1.0000
PCSA(25) seprase/FAP 0.7113 0.0029 0.0837 1.0000
PCSA(25) KLK2 0.7113 0.0029 0.0837 1.0000
PCSA(25) ERG 0.7100 0.0031 0.0837 1.0000
PCSA(25) TRAIL?R2 0.7087 0.0033 0.0837 1.0000
PCSA(25) STEAP 0.7068 0.0036 0.0862 1.0000
PCSA(25) EpCAM 0.6997 0.0049 0.0983 1.0000
CD81 MMP7 0.6991 0.0050 0.0983 1.0000
MFGE8 MMP7 0.7042 0.0051 0.0983 1.0000
PCSA(25) TGM2 0.6978 0.0053 0.0983 1.0000
PCSA(25) CRP 0.6972 0.0054 0.0983 1.0000
PCSA(25) CD81 0.6959 0.0057 0.0983 1.0000
PCSA(25) p53 0.6959 0.0057 0.0983 1.0000
Obtain the result in table 64 by the unit (bins) that relatively the total Gleason for cancer biopsy experimenter marks.
Table 64:Gleason scoring relatively
Detection agent Trapping agent Effect-size KW p-value
CD81 CD41 8.1729 0.0043
CD81 VCAN 7.3313 0.0068
CD81 MUC1 7.1483 0.0075
CD81 Integrin 7.0934 0.0077
Epcam EpCAM 6.8867 0.0087
CD81 Groα 6.8058 0.0091
CD81 PIM1 6.4976 0.0108
CD81 GM-CSF 6.4846 0.0109
CD81 TRAIL?R2 6.3732 0.0116
CD81 RUNX2 5.9838 0.0144
CD81 EpCAM 5.8523 0.0156
CD81 PSMA 5.8309 0.0157
CD81 TWEAK 5.7151 0.0168
CD81 EphA2 5.6480 0.0175
CD81 CD24 5.5969 0.0180
CD81 S100-A4 5.5323 0.0187
CD81 SPC 5.4956 0.0191
Epcam EphA2 5.4743 0.0193
CD81 AURKB 5.4580 0.0195
CD81 IL-1B 5.4358 0.0197
CD81 ERG 5.3871 0.0203
CD81 EGFR 5.2719 0.0217
CD81 ADAM10 5.2376 0.0221
In table 65, obtain result by the sample sets of following classification: 1) optimum; 2) inflammation; 3) ATYPIA/ASAP/HGPIN; 4) PCA+, total Gleason scoring=6-9.
Table 65: clinical classification comparison
Figure BPA0000186429140003891
In table 66, show the result of the PCa+ experimenter's with total Gleason scoring >=7 who compares with PCa-experimenter for the PCa+ experimenter who marks with the Gleason with 6 analysis.
Table 66: high Gleason v other
Detection agent Trapping agent Effect-size Wilcoxon p-value FDR Bonf
Epcam EpCAM 0.7697 0.0000 0.0004 0.0010
Epcam MMP7 0.7688 0.0000 0.0004 0.0010
Epcam BCNP 0.7660 0.0000 0.0004 0.0013
Epcam EGFR 0.7509 0.0000 0.0012 0.0046
Epcam TGM2 0.7377 0.0000 0.0026 0.0131
Epcam CD9 0.7285 0.0001 0.0044 0.0264
CD81 MMP7 0.7264 0.0001 0.0044 0.0308
Epcam Integrin 0.7203 0.0001 0.0051 0.0481
Epcam PBP 0.7201 0.0001 0.0051 0.0486
CD81 BCNP 0.7194 0.0001 0.0051 0.0510
Epcam p53 0.7150 0.0002 0.0063 0.0698
Epcam ADAM10 0.7138 0.0002 0.0064 0.0763
Epcam MUC1 0.7106 0.0002 0.0073 0.0949
Epcam CD41 0.7074 0.0003 0.0085 0.1185
PCSA(25) MS4A1 0.7058 0.0003 0.0088 0.1323
PCSA(25) MMP7 0.7028 0.0004 0.0095 0.1621
Epcam TRAIL?R2 0.7007 0.0004 0.0095 0.1862
Epcam PSA 0.6993 0.0005 0.0095 0.2041
Epcam hVEGFR2 0.6993 0.0005 0.0095 0.2041
Epcam CSA 0.6986 0.0005 0.0095 0.2136
Epcam CD3 0.6983 0.0005 0.0095 0.2185
PCSA(25) ADAM10 0.6981 0.0005 0.0095 0.2202
CD81 PIM1 0.6979 0.0005 0.0095 0.2235
Epcam EphA2 0.6976 0.0005 0.0095 0.2287
Epcam DCRN 0.6968 0.0006 0.0096 0.2411
According to the plasma sample of the patient from table 53, the trapping agent/detection agent from table 55 has built many biomarkers group.Compare different multiple analyte classification predictive models, comprised linear discriminant analysis, diagonal lines discriminatory analysis, the discriminatory analysis of contraction barycenter, SVMs, the lifting of tree base gradient, lasso trick (lasso) and neural network.Group comprises 3-mark, 5-mark, 10-mark, 20-mark and 50-mark, and wherein each " mark " refers to trapping agent-detection agent pair, as (all right for what test, referring to table 55) such as MMP7 trapping agent-PCSA detection agents.The illustrative result (referring to table 53) that uses the combination of 3-mark to distinguish prostate cancer (PCa+) sample and every other sample (PCA-) is shown in Figure 31.In Figure 31, dark-grey colo(u)r streak (more zigzag to the left line) is corresponding to heavily substitution performance and use 10-folding cross validation to produce more level and smooth black line.Show use diagonal lines discriminatory analysis (Figure 31 A; Heavily substitution AUC=0.87; Cross validation AUC=0.86), linear discriminant analysis (Figure 31 B; Heavily substitution AUC=0.87; Cross validation AUC=0.86), SVMs (Figure 31 C; Heavily substitution AUC=0.87; Cross validation AUC=0.86) tree base gradient lifting (Figure 31 D; Heavily substitution AUC=0.89; Cross validation AUC=0.84), lasso trick (Figure 31 E; Heavily substitution AUC=0.87; Cross validation AUC=0.86) and neural network (Figure 31 F; Heavily substitution AUC=0.87; Cross validation AUC=0.72) produce ROC curve.
Illustrative 3-mark combination, the combination of 5-mark and the combination of 10-mark are shown in table 67.Table 67 has also shown the model performance that uses linear discriminant model in two kinds of different set.Performance is shown as sensitivity and the specificity under different threshold values.The comparison from the every other patient's sample of prostate cancer sample vs. for the result of " all samples ".For single mark combination, referring to table 55.Result for " restriction " sample group is made up of the every other patient of prostate cancer sample vs., wherein uses group described in following criteria limit: PSA < 10ng/ml; Age < 75; Biopsy cancer first.For single mark combination, referring to table 67.Seen in table, can regulate threshold value to be beneficial to sensitivity or specificity for planned use as required.
Table 67: many-mark group
Figure BPA0000186429140003921
For the results are shown in table 68 of the best mark group of various settings.Show linear discriminant analysis.In described table, " model A " refers to intact sample collection (referring to table 56), " Model B " refers to and limits sample sets (referring to table 57), and " MODEL C " refers to not containing observing the limit group (referring to table 58) of waiting for sample but contain negative biopsy before.
Table 68: the type of various models and performance
Figure BPA0000186429140003922
Model B three mark groups are made up of following mark: 1) Epcam detection agent-MMP7 trapping agent; 2) PCSA detection agent-MMP7 trapping agent; 3) Epcam detection agent-BCNP trapping agent.In this setting, use the ROC curve display of diagonal lines linear discriminant analysis generation in Figure 32 A.In the figure, arrow represents that its medium sensitivity equals 90%, and specificity equals the threshold point on 80% curve.Another figure of this threshold is shown in Figure 32 B, its shown drop on shown in the PCA+ of threshold line either side and the distribution of PCA-sample.The independent distribution of Epcam detection agent-MMP7 trapping agent table mark is shown in Figure 32 C." PCA, current biopsy " refers to the male sex with positive biopsy first, and " PCA, before biopsy " refers to observation wait group.The figure illustrates and only use this mark collection good separation PCA+ biopsy samples and every other sample first.
Also use linear discriminant analysis, in model A and MODEL C setting, determined the performance of 5-mark group.In these two kinds of settings, use 10-folding cross validation or heavily substitution method to calculate AUC.The ROC curve display of setting (, the every other patient's sample of all PCa vs.) for model A is in Figure 33 A.Mark group in this setting is by forming below: 1) Epcam detection agent-MMP7 trapping agent; 2) PCSA detection agent-MMP7 detection agent; 3) Epcam detection agent-BCNP trapping agent; 4) PCSA detection agent-Adam10 trapping agent; With 5) PCSA detection agent-KLK2 trapping agent.In Figure 33 A, the more zigzag line in top is corresponding to heavily substitution method.AUC is 0.90.Use cross validation, the AUC of calculating is 0.87.At the some place shown in solid arrow, use the model of cross validation to obtain 92% sensitivity and 50% specificity.At the some place shown in solid arrow, use the model of cross validation to obtain 82% sensitivity and 80% specificity.The ROC curve display of setting (, as above for the restriction sample sets as described in table 57) for MODEL C is in Figure 33 B.Mark group in this setting is by forming below: 1) Epcam detection agent-MMP7 trapping agent; 2) PCSA detection agent-MMP7 detection agent; 3) Epcam detection agent-BCNP trapping agent; 4) PCSA detection agent-Adam10 trapping agent; With 5) CD81 detection agent-MMP7 trapping agent.In Figure 33 B, the more zigzag line in top is corresponding to heavily substitution method.AUC is 0.91.Use cross validation, the AUC of calculating is 0.89.At the some place shown in arrow, cross validation model has obtained 95% sensitivity and 60% specificity.
In all settings, cMV method is much more accurate than blood-serum P SA test, and blood-serum P SA test only has approximately 0.60 AUC in these sample groups.
embodiment 52: the microRNA in patients with prostate cancer sample
Described in embodiment 51, in prostate cancer and other sample pools, measure the level of various microRNAs.The RNA that the PCSA+ circulation microcapsule bubble of listed sample extracts from table 53 that described sample comprises 2 μ l equal portions.As mentioned above, separate PCSA+ vesica by FACS sorting.According to combination listed in table 53 sample.For each pond, in triplicate Exiqon card, measure microRNA level.20 kinds of microRNAs can distinguishing prostate cancer and benign disease or prostate cancer and inflammatory sample are identified, as shown in table 69.
Table 69: the microRNA differentiating solvent of prostate cancer
Illustrative data presentation is in Figure 34.In Figure 34 A, in each pond, show the Ct from Exiqon card for miR-1974 (itself and mitochondrial tRNA overlapping).Prostate cancer sample has the level higher than this miR of other samples.Figure 34 B shown the miR copy number in pond, as by the Taqman analysis to measure that uses ABI7900.In Figure 34 C, in each pond, show the Ct from Exiqon card of miR-320b.Prostate cancer sample has the level lower than this miR of other samples.Figure 34 D shown the miR copy number in pond, as by the Taqman analysis to measure that uses ABI7900.
The various combinations of the microRNA in table 69 can, for distinguishing prostate cancer and benign disease, comprise and distinguish prostate cancer and specific benign disease, as inflammatory conditions.
embodiment 53: the microfluid of microRNA detects
In this embodiment, use quantitative PCR (qPCR), by microfluid system for detection of microRNA.Initial sample can be the microRNA separating from biological sample, and described biological sample is as blood, serum or blood plasma, or microRNA from separating from the concentrated microcapsule bubble of these or other biological sample.Extract the method for microRNA in above description or known in the art.In this embodiment, use Fluidigm BioMark tMsystem (Fluidigm Corporation, South San Francisco, CA).Microfluid system can be for carrying out the multiple analysis (, the multiple miR of single test analysis in service) of miR.
The reverse transcription (RT) of sample-in the time carrying out multiple reaction, use the specific distribution form of Fluidigm:
1. produce the multiple RT of 20X pond from independent test:
A. each independent 5X RT primer volume required equal portions is added in 1.7ml micro-centrifuge tube.The primer that use can be multiplexing together as required.
B. prepare the RT primer pond of 50 μ l equal portions, and under 45 ℃ of G in high-speed vacuum complete drying.
C. primer pond sample aliquot is resuspended to the nuclease free ddH of 25% single analysis input volume 2in O, (,, if each 5X primer of 100 μ l is added in primer pond, be resuspended in the final volume of 25 μ l).This is the multiple RT of 20X pond now.
2. reverse transcription
A. form the dull and stereotyped layout of RT.
B. from-20 ℃ of refrigerators, take out 10x RT damping fluid, 100mM dNTP mixture, Rnase inhibitor, Multiscribe RT enzyme, from the RNA sample of-80 ℃, is all placed on ice.
C. in pre-amp cover, put by above rheme the order and the amount that in the RT experiment table of middle discovery, illustrate and mix RT reagent, prepare the main mixture of the total RT reaction volume of every sample 7.5 μ l for substance and multiple reaction.
D. by the main mixture of RT decile to the 96 hole PCR plate of the designated volume for substance and multiple reaction.
E. the RNA input volume of the appointment for substance and multiple reaction is added to the appropriate bore of the main mixture of RT that contains decile.
F. with PCR shrouding film, PCR plate is sealed.
G. by plate under 2000rpm centrifugal 30 seconds.
H. use miRNA RT scheme arrange thermal cycler-guarantee by program setting for correct cycles parameter (as seen in RT layout table) and reaction volume is set as to 10 μ l.
I. plate is added in instrument, and start-up routine (if instrument is hot, approximately spending 1 hour 5 minutes).
The specific distribution form of pre-amplification (PreAmp)-use BioMark of sample:
1. produce the multiple miR analysis cell of 0.2x:
A. volume required the adding in 1.7ml micro-centrifuge tube in the each independent 20x miR of equivalent being analyzed.
If the B. analysis number in the multiple pond of n=, analyzes the merging 20x miR of n μ l to add in the DNA buffer suspension liquid of 100-n μ l.
2. forming 0.2x substance miR analyzes
A. use DNA buffer suspension liquid to analyze with 1: 100 each independent miR of dilution.
3.PreAmp
A. form PreAmp allocation plan.
B. from-4 ℃ of refrigerators, take out the main mixture of Taqman PreAmp.
C. in pre-amp cover, put according to above rheme the order and the content mixing PreAmp reagent that in the PreAmp experiment table of middle discovery, illustrate and come for the preparation of the total substance PreAmp of every sample 10 μ l reaction volume, and the main mixture of the total multiple PreAmp reaction volume of every sample 5 μ l.
D. by the main mixture of PreAmp decile to the 96 hole PCR plate of the designated volume for substance and multiple reaction.
E. the sample cDNA of the designated volume for substance and multiple reaction is added to the appropriate well of the main mixture of PreAmp that contains decile.
F. with PCR shrouding film, PCR plate is sealed.
G. by plate under 2000rpm centrifugal 30 seconds.
H. set thermal cycler, use the scheme-inspection of miRNA PreAmp12 circulation experiment to guarantee setting program as correct loop parameter (as seen in PreAmp layout table) and reaction volume is set as to 10 μ l.
I. plate is added in instrument, and start-up routine (if instrument is hot, approximately spending 1 hour 10 minutes).
J. complete after PreAmp program, with 1: 4 dilution substance reactant of DNA buffer suspension liquid and 1: 5 dilution multiple reaction thing.
K. can be by sample storage at-20 ℃, the longest one week.
The qPCR-of sample uses the special distribution form of BioMark:
1. start 48.48 and 96.96 dynamic array IFC (integrated fluid loop) chips (Flruidigm)
A. from packing, take out chip, and control line fluid is injected to 2 accumulator injection ports on chip each.
* in the 24hr unpacking, use chip
* due to different accumulator capacity, 48.48 chips only use 48.48 syringes (300 μ l control line fluid), and 96.96 chips only use 96.96 syringes (150 μ l control line fluid)
* the control line fluid on chip or in entrance can not use chip
* in 60 minutes that start, load chip
B. (MX is for 48.48 chips chip to be put into suitable IFC controller; HX is for 96.96 chips), (113x is for 48.48 then to move Prime; 136x is for 96.96) script to be to start control line fluid to chip.
2. preparing 10X analyzes
A. produce the dull and stereotyped layout of qPCR.
B. from-20 ℃ of refrigerators, take out 20X Taqman analysis and 2X and analyze loading reagent.
C. in pre-amp cover, put by above rheme the amount illustrating in the qPCR experiment table of middle discovery and mix the next 10X analysis of mixtures for the preparation of every chip entrance 5 μ l cumulative volumes of 10X analytical reagent.
Attention: based on every kind of reaction repeated number that sample is required, the # adjusting on qPCR experiment table analyzes Repeating Field.This will depend on the analysis tested on one single chip and the sum of sample because can by by single analysis repeat be added into the analysis inlet side of chip or by the sample inlet side that repeats to be added into chip of simple sample is realized to reaction repeated.
D. all analysis entrances must have test loading reagent.Prepare analysis loading reagent and the water of 1: 1 enough ratio and analyze entrance with the not use of filling all 5 μ l that respectively do for oneself.
3. prepare sample premixture and sample
A. from-4 ℃ of refrigerators, take out 2X ABI Taqman Universal PCR Master Mix, and from-20 ℃ of refrigerators, take out 20X GE sample loading reagent.
B. in pre-amp cover, by the amount biased sample premixture reagent illustrating in the qPCR experiment table to find in above-mentioned listed position, prepare enough sample pre-compositions to fill whole chip.
C. 4.4 μ l sample pre-compositions of equal portions are added in enough holes of 96 hole PCR plates to fill whole chip (48 or 96).
D. in post-amp chamber, before the PreAmp sample of 3.6 μ l dilutions is added in the appropriate bore of 4.4 μ l sample premixtures of decile.
E. all samples entrance must have sample loading reagent.For untapped sample inlet, guarantee in the appropriate bore of 4.4 μ l sample premixtures of decile before 3.6 μ l water are added.
4. load chip
Thoroughly vortex and centrifugal all analyses and sample solution, then inhales and moves in chip entrance.Cannot accomplish that this point may cause the decline of the quality of data.
When suction moves, avoid stopping through first on transfer pipet.Do like this and bubble may be introduced in entrance.
A. when starting, (113x is for 48.48; 136x is for 96.96) script is while completing, takes out the chip starting from IFC controller, and inhale and move each test of 5 μ l and each sample to corresponding entrance on chip.
B. chip is returned to IFC controller.
C. use IFC controller software, operation loads mixture, and (113x is for 48.48; 136x is for 96.96) script, so that sample and analysis are loaded in chip.
D. when loading mixture, (113x is for 48.48; 136x is for 96.96) script is while completing, removes the chip of loading from IFC controller.
E. use scotch tape to remove any dust granule from chip surface.
F. remove and abandon blue protection film from chip bottom.
G. chip is prepared operation now.After loading, chip starts chip operation at instrument immediately.
5. usage data is collected software
A. double-click data collection software icon on desktop to start this software.
B. click and start new operation.
C. check that status bar is ready to confirm camera and lamp.Before carrying out, guarantee both green.
* note (in the time of operation 96.96 chip, before carrying out, not needing lamp completely warm.Only, for 96.96 chips, before PCR circulation, have hot mixing step, within this time, lamp can be completely warm.)
D. chip is put into reader, mate with the breach angle of chip A1 position.
E. click loading.
F. confirm chip barcode and chip type.
(1) click next step.
G. chip operation document.
(1) select new document.
(2) input required chip operation title.
(3) click next step.
H. application, reference, probe
(1) select type used-genetic expression.
(2) select passive reference (ROX).
(3) select test-mono-probe
(4) select probe type-FAM-MGB
(5) click next step.
I. click and browse to find hot experimental program document-No UNG Erase96x96 (or 48x48) standard .pcl.
J. confirm to have selected automatic exposure.
K. click next step
L. confirm chip operation information.
* note (in the time using the hot experimental program of No UNG Erase, experimental program title listed in operation information will still be shown as GE96x96 standard v1.pcl.)
M. click and bring into operation.
If N. operation 96.96 chips, and lamp are completely not warm, can select to ignore warning and start operation.As mentioned above, hot mixing step does not need lamp completely warm and reach required temperature by giving its time enough.
O.96.96 chip working time is about 2.25hr, and 48.48 chip working times are just below 2hr.
Figure 35 has shown for synthetic miR16 standard substance (10 6-10 1) typical curve detection and detect from human plasma sample's in triplicate miR16.As shown in legend, data are taken from Fluidigm Biomark, use 48.48Dynamic Array tMiFC, 96.96Dynamic Array tMiFC or use ABI7900HT Taqman analyze (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA).All levels are measured under multiple condition.The two germlines condition of unifying all demonstrates similar performance.
embodiment 54: the subpopulation of prostate cancer circulation microcapsule bubble (cMV)
In this embodiment, by flow cytometry from the cMV of prostate cancer and optimum contrast (, the non-prostate cancer) male sex's blood plasma.After mixture mark with the anti-four transmembrane protein antibody (CD9, CD63, CD81) of mark, first the microcapsule bubble in plasma sample is carried out to gate.Then the cMV identifying with the anti-MM P7 antibody of PE-mark and the anti-EpCAM antibody labeling of FITC-mark.Figure 36 has shown the illustrative result for two prostate cancers (Figure 36 C, Figure 36 D) and two contrasts (Figure 36 A, Figure 36 B).In the figure, the R24 region that is positioned at center has shown the distinct MMP7+/EpCAM+cMV colony separating with R25 region above, and R25 contains in region cMV colony similar in all samples.Compared with colony in R25 region, the distinct MMP7+/EpCAM+cMV of this in R24 region colony has the MMP7 of lower level, and Liang Ge cMV colony in R24 and R25 region has the EpCAM of similar level.Can detect the cMV (, the colony in R24 region) with higher EpCAM level and lower MMP7 level and characterize prostate cancer.
embodiment 55: to the relevant GW182 of microcapsule bubble and microRNA that circulates in human plasma
Protein G W182 is relevant with Argonaute protein families to micro-capsule foam.GW182 has the ability in conjunction with whole people Argonaute albumen (1-4) and relevant miR thereof.In cell, GW182 is associated with the film of many vesicas body and has the ability of the RISC complex body of aggregate load Argonaute.In addition, on the surface of the exosome of purifying, observed GW182.
This embodiment has proved that GW182 and Argonaute in human plasma and urine and cMV's is associated.To be used for catching described protein for the monoclonal antibody of GW182.For the pearl for the preparation of GW182 immunoprecipitation, 50 μ l Magnabind protein G pearls (Thermo Scientific Cat.#21349) are put into 1.5ml eppendorf pipe, and be placed in magnetic separator (New England Biolabs Cat.#S1509S) upper one minute.Remove storage damping fluid and abandon.Pearl is washed once with 200 μ l phosphate buffered saline (PBS)s (PBS).The anti-GW182 antibody of 2.5 μ g and the pearl in 200 μ l PBS are mixed under room temperature (RT) to the time of 30 minutes.With ice-cold PBS by pearl washing three times.Pearl is resuspended in 200 μ l PBS, and mixes with 200 μ l human normal plasmas.Make mixture on Thermo Scientific Labquake Shaker/Rotisserie, rotate and spend the night at 4 ℃.Sample is washed in the damping fluid of medium severity.Analyze throw out by Western, or isolation of RNA analyzing by RT-qPCR.
Detect to carry out the ELISA based on plate with 5 μ g/ml GW182 trapping agents and 2.5 μ g/ml Ago2-vitamin Hs.After dull and stereotyped coating, by flat board sealing, and at 4 ℃, catch plasma sample and spend the night.With the PBS washing hole that contains 1%BSA.At 1: 20,000 to 1: 40, under 000 concentration range, use streptavidin to gather HRP.
For urine, anti-GW182 is coupled to Luminex microballon, then sealing.The volume of the urine sample of test is 25 μ l.By the Pan Argonaute antibody that is coupled to PE for detection of.
Figure 43 A-G has illustrated the result of these researchs.Figure 43 A has shown the Western engram analysis of Ago2 in the VCaP exosome of Du145 lysate and purifying, proves thus the existence of Argonaute2 in the VCaP exosome of purifying.Figure 43 B has shown the Western trace from human plasma immunoprecipitation GW182.These digital proofs the coimmunoprecipitation of Ago2 and GW182, be disclosed as thus dependency between the two.Figure 43 C-D has illustrated from the immunoprecipitation of the microRNA of human peripheral (IP).By anti-AGO2 (abcam, ab57113, lot number GR29117-1), anti-GW182 (Bethyl Labs, A302-330A) and anti-IgG (Santa Cruz sc-2025) capture antibody be coupled to Manabind Protein G pearl (Thermo Scientific Cat.#21349).Hatch the pearl of coupling with human plasma.Isolation of RNA, and use respectively ABI Taqman detection kit (ABI_391 and ABI_431) Isolation and screening to select microRNA (miR-16 and miR-92a).RNA is quantitative for synthetic standard substance, and with respect to IgG reference standard.Figure 43 C has shown the level of miR-92a, and Figure 43 D has shown the level of the miR-16 detecting.The copy number of known circulation miRNA is suitable on IP.Figure 43 E-F illustrated sandwich ELISA, and it has proved the dependency of GW182 and Ago2 in human plasma.Figure 43 E has shown that the anti-GW182 of use is as trapping agent (GW182 (Bethyl Labs,) and biotinylated anti-Ago2 (abcam A302-330A), ab57113, lot number GR29117-1) as detection agent, by the ELISA based on plate, use the microcapsule bubble of purifying and the sample of primitive plasma input titration.Shown in inciting somebody to action, signal is with respect to no sample (NS) reference standard.Figure 43 F has shown the monitoring of seven patient's samples, has proved the detection from GW182:Ago2 combination in different patients' human plasma.Shown in inciting somebody to action, signal is with respect to no sample (NS) reference standard.Figure 43 G has illustrated the dependency of Argonaute in GW183 and human urine.Use microballon detection system, studied the dependency between people GW182 and Argonaute protein families in urine.With anti-GW182 antibody capture particle, then use five patients' urine sample to adopt anti-panArgonaute antibody to detect.Condition comprises original vs. cell+strong rotation (hard spun) urine.
In this embodiment, developed ELISA based on plate to evaluate the dependency of GW182 and Argonaute albumen in biofluid.In concentrated circulation microcapsule bubble in primitive plasma or from blood plasma, GW182, as trapping agent, while then carrying out Ago2 detection, is observed to the signal with input titration.Use dull and stereotyped ELISA strategy to monitor other study samples.In five urine samples, confirm the dependency of GW182 and Argonaute protein families.
GW182 and Ago2IP have disclosed the strong IP of circulation RNA.MiR-16 and miR-92a are enriched in AGO2 and GW182IP.Therefore, can catch GW182 and Ago2 and monitor the miRNA from human plasma and urine.Therefore, comprise the ribonucleoprotein mixture (RNP) of microcapsule bubble/exosome and/or circulation A go2 combination from the source of the miRNA of human plasma and urine.
In addition, adopt Beckman Coulter MoFlo XDP, use flow cytometry to carry out the phenotype analytical of GW182 relevant people blood plasma particulate.For general method referring to embodiment 31.Observe cMV subpopulation co expression four transmembrane proteins (for example, CD9, CD63 and CD81), GW182 and the Argonaute2 in blood plasma source.Because four transmembrane proteins are and the transmembrane protein of cMV height correlation that these results show that GW182 is relevant to the cMV in human plasma with Argonaute.Therefore, the precipitation of GW182 can separate and the subset of purifying miR (comprise in conjunction with Argonaute1-4 those) and cMV from human plasma.
embodiment 56: from the differential protein of the sorting subset of the circulation microcapsule bubble of cancer patients and normal healthy controls express and miR content
MicroRNA (miR) is little non-coding RNA, and it is that 20 to 25 Nucleotide are long, and regulates the expression of whole gene family.The main source that it is believed that the miR that circulates in cancer patients is the circulation microcapsule bubble (cMV) in biofluid (as blood).These modifiers of RNA translation are transferred to blood flow and can have wide influence to disease detection, development and/or prognosis from diseased cells.
In this embodiment, flow cytometry is used for from the phenotype of 20 individualities (3 mammary cancer, 2 lung cancer, 6 prostate cancers, 1 bladder cancer and 6 non-cancers contrasts) and the cMV in sorting blood plasma source.Use Beckman Coulter MoFlo XDP, by cMV for the protein relevant to film (as, four transmembrane proteins (CD9, CD63, CD81; Be generically and collectively referred to as in this embodiment " Tet ")), Ago2 and/or GW182 dye.For method, referring to embodiment 31.Flow cytometry method is summarized in Figure 42 A.For phenotype analytical, the event that four transmembrane proteins are expressed is carried out gate to distinguish the irrelevant fragment of cMV and nanosized, and the co expression of definite GW182 and Ago2.For single-and two-positive events carry out the sorting based on Quadrant.For the RNA of the cMV from sorting or the extraction of input blood plasma, use ABI7900 thermal cycler, use conventional Taqman probe assay miR content.
In first group of experiment, for four transmembrane proteins (Tet) +/Ago2+/GW182-or Tet+/Ago2+/GW182+, to having carried out airflow classification from the plasma extraction thing of normal, prostate gland and bladder cancer patients.For sorting method, referring to Figure 42 B.Extract RNA from the colony of enriched material and sorting, and evaluated miR.Figure 42 C-E has shown the level of the miR-22 detecting in the sample pool from part shown in flow cytometer showed shown in Figure 42 B.Figure 42 C has shown the miR-22 level in various samples in the not sorting plasma extraction thing in input airflow classification.Figure 42 D has shown the miR-22 level in the various samples in Ago2+Tet+GW182-sorting colony.Figure 42 D has shown the miR-22 level in the various samples in Ago2+Tet+GW182+ sorting colony.
In second group of experiment, for Tet+/Ago2+, Tet+/Ago2-, Tet-/Ago+ sorting from normal and cancer patients's plasma extraction thing.Extract RNA from the colony of enriched material and sorting, and evaluated miR.Figure 42 F illustrated for from shown in the sorting gate of the various cMV of analyte capture colony.Figure 42 G-I illustrated for shown in cMV colony, the streaming event detecting in various samples.Figure 42 G has shown the vesica that uses four transmembrane protein detection agents to detect, and described detection agent is by all cMV that detect in sample.Figure 42 H has shown the vesica that uses Ago2 detection agent to detect.Figure 42 I has shown the vesica that uses four transmembrane proteins and Ago detection agent to detect.Figure 42 J has shown with respect to 6 normal control samples, the relative copy number of miR shown in the every vesica detecting in 10 PCa samples.In Figure 42 J, show that along x-axle the vesica colony of sorting is as follows: b) Tet+Ago2+c) Tet-Ago2+d) Tet+Ago2-e) input enriched material (not enrichment).
Result in this embodiment has proved to use flow cytometry enrichment to have the different cMV colony of diacritic miR spectrum.Use unassorted cMV, in this patient colony, use miR-let-7a, miR-16, miR-22, miR-148a or miR-451, between cancer and non-cancer, find little difference.But, when four transmembrane proteins of the relatively sorting of cMV+, when Ago2+ and/or GW182+ colony, the miR in cancer patients expresses conventionally than the high 5-in normal healthy controls doubly.Referring to Figure 42 J.
Use flow cytometry, can cMV be carried out phenotype somatotype, be analyzed and sorting, and the cMV subpopulation that contains unique miR spectrum can be for distinguishing cancer blood plasma and non-cancer blood plasma.
Embodiment 57: from the evaluation of the transcription factor in cancer patients's circulation microcapsule bubble with involve
Circulation microcapsule bubble (cMV) be little film in conjunction with particle, it plays an important role in many human diseases pathogeny of (comprising heart trouble, autoimmunity and cancer).Known cMV contains the protein and the RNA molecule that are derived from its cell derived, but all knows seldom so far about the existence of transcription factor (TF) in disease-related cMV.Recently, investigator has identified the TF in the relevant cMV of cancer, comprises c-Myc, p53, AEBP1 and HNF4a.
Use two kinds of methods, multi-parameter Flow Cytometry and antibody sandwich analysis, identified several TF that raise in prostate cancer (PCA) cMV vs. contrast, comprises STAT3, EZH2, p53, MACC1, SPDEF, RUNX2, YB-1.The serine/threonine kinase AURKA and the AUKRB that relate to cell cycle regulating also raise in prostate cancer (PCA) cMV vs. contrast.Every kind of TF in the cMV of PCa source or kinases are recently from the high approximately 10-20 of the cMV of contrast doubly.
In the exosome of the infiltration from PCA clone VCaP, identify STAT3, and, raise from PCA patient's STAT3+cMV relatively time with the non-cancer male sex.In addition, to disclosed from mammary cancer and the analysis of the cMV of non-cancer women's separating plasma for the signal of relevant TF (YB-1) of Y-box cell cycle with contrast from non-cancer women those compare, higher in mammary cancer cMV.Prostata tissue specificity ETS-associated transcription factor, SPDEF, gets rid of in the male sex of prostate biopsy of PCA compared with non-cancer prostatic disorder with experience, in the cMV of blood plasma that confirms PCA from biopsy, raises.Particularly, the mean fluorecence with the SPDEF in the male sex (n=39) of optimum diagnosis is 91, inflammatory prostatosis (n=29) are 101, cell atypia (n=8) is 68, HGPIN (n=21) is 102, and PCA (n=80) is 188.The trend that the higher SPDEF of this prostate gland malignant disease risk along with increasing expresses shows the target that the SPDEF in cMV treats as PCA in the excessive risk male sex.The phenotypic correlation that lower cell SPDEF and aggressive are higher, and show that the higher Gleason that this TF drops in cMV marks and can in PCA progress, work by reducing energetically cell levels.
Embodiment 58: the polychrome flow cytometry of cancer source microcapsule bubble is to distinguish patients with prostate cancer
Circulation microcapsule bubble (cMV) is discharged by several cell types, comprises immunocyte, endotheliocyte, embryonic cell, tumour cell and thrombocyte.CMV in blood is the source of the biomarker of medical diagnosis on disease and progress.Whether this embodiment has determined from the lip-deep exposure biomarker of cMV of the blood plasma of processing can distinguish prostate gland microcapsule bubble and atypia, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), optimum or prostatitis.
Dye with relatively phenotype, frequency and marker expression with the cMV that the coupling antibody of a group-specific will separate from positive biopsy cancer patients blood.Before biopsy, collect to expection property sample.Before the distribution of group comprises, be not diagnosed as 80 male sex of prostate cancer, be diagnosed as 13 male sex, 6 atypia, 23 HGPIN, 28 inflammation, 49 optimum and 25 normal specimens of prostate cancer (initiatively monitoring) before.By polychrome flow cytometry from these patients' cMV.As mentioned above, use flow cytometer showed, by correct gate, the subpopulation of cMV has been determined in the combination based on multiple marker expression.
The systemic general view of all possible mark combination demonstrates three positive subpopulations (PCSA+, Muc2+, Adam10+) of the cMV significantly strengthening than other illnesss in prostate cancer sample (current biopsy) and HGPIN, and proving thus can be for determining specific subgroup relevant in prostate cancer diagnosis from PCSA+, Muc2+, the Adam10+cMV of blood plasma.
Embodiment 59: use relatively prostate cancer (PCa) and normal control spectrum of antibody array
In this embodiment, use antibody array inquiry cMV protein imprinted to identify the cMV that distinguishes normal control (, without prostate cancer) and prostate cancer (PCa) patient and there is benign prostate illness (BPH, HGPIN, inflammation) patient.Described sample sets comprises the cMV from 18 PCa patients and 10 each patients' from BPH, HGPIN and inflammation blood plasma source.According to the explanation of manufacturers, sample is hatched on Full Moon BioSystems649 antibody array (Full Moon BioSystems, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA).Scanning array on Agilent scanner, and use Feature Exactor software (Agilent Technologies, Inc., Santa Clara, CA) to extract data from image.By the data of extracting for the stdn of array negative control, and with the fluorescent value of GeneSpring GX software (Agilent) analytical standard.
The multiple of the cMV detecting in the optimum sample of PCa sample vs. changes Identification and go out 18 kinds of marks that raise in prostate cancer, has higher than 1.5 multiple and changes, as shown in table 70.And identify and express remarkable 27 kinds of different marks between PCa and other diagnostic categories, as shown in table 71.In table 71, FC refers to that multiple changes.As shown in this table, between PCa and inflammation and HGPIN, observe the highest multiple and changed.
Show the cMV mark with respect to optimum rising in 70:PCa
Protein Multiple in cancer changes
Alkaline phosphatase (AP) 2.14
CD63 1.93
MyoD1 1.81
Neuronspecific enolase 1.78
MAP1B 1.76
CNPase 1.72
Statin 1.69
CD45RO 1.63
Heat shock protein 27 1.60
Collagen protein II 1.60
Ln B1/b1 1.59
Gail 1.59
CDw75 1.57
bcl-XL 1.57
Ln-s 1.53
Ferritin 1.53
CD21 1.51
ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF-6) 1.51
The different cMV mark of statistically significant between table 71:PCa and other diagnostic categories
Figure BPA0000186429140004051
Figure 37 A-G has shown and has contrasted individuality from normal (non-cancer), patient with breast cancer, cancer of the brain patient, patients with lung cancer, colorectal cancer patients, adenoma of colon patient, BPH patient (optimum), inflammation prostate patient (inflammation), the relevant alkaline phosphatase (intestines) (Figure 37 A) of microcapsule bubble of the blood plasma of HGPIN patient and patients with prostate cancer, CD-56 (Figure 37 B), CD-3 ζ (Figure 37 C), map1b (Figure 37 D), (14.3.3pan Figure 37 E), the level of filamin (Figure 37 F) and thrombospondin (Figure 37 G), as shown in FIG..According to described in this embodiment, use antibody array to analyze all samples.
As shown in Figure 37 A-B, alkaline phosphatase (intestines, ALP1) and CD56 biomarker are distinguished PCa and every other sample.Patient in this research comprises early-stage cancer.CD-56 (CD56, NCAM) is relevant to EpCam.In addition, CD-3 ζ (Figure 37 C) and map1b (Figure 37 D) are for example, effective biomarkers for distinguishing various prostate gland associated conditions (, inflammation and HGPIN).In another embodiment, biomarker for colorectum associated conditions comprises mark 14.3.3pan (Figure 37 E), filamin (Figure 37 F) and thrombospondin (Figure 37 G), for example,, for colorectal carcinoma and adenoma and other cancers are made a distinction.
embodiment 60: the evaluation of the Ago2 of the positioned internal in circulation microcapsule bubble (cMV)
This embodiment has shown that Ago2 is positioned at clone exosome and the cMV from human body fluid.Ripe miRNA carries in the Ago2 albumen colony of this positioned internal.
With anti-CD81 (BD Pharmagen555675), anti-Ago2 (Abcam57113) and negative control by purifying Vcap exosome immunoprecipitation complete or cracking, described negative control is: anti-IgG (Santa Cruz, sc-2025) and anti-BrdU (Life Technologies B35128).From the sample separation RNA of each immunoprecipitation, and test let-7a (Figure 38 A-B), known microcapsule bubble miRNA and the existence of miR-16 (Figure 38 C-D).MiR-451 (Figure 38 E-F) (miRNA of enrichment in blood) is as negative control.
Then, the ELISA of exploitation based on plate, and for studying the protein level of concentrated blood plasma cMV Ago2 of complete concentrated blood plasma cMV or cracking.Use restructuring Ago2 albumen (rAgo2) to produce typical curve to estimate better strength of signal and the protein level (Figure 39 A) of human plasma in contrast (Ago2-is without cracking) and cMV lysis buffer (Ago2-cracking).Concentrated human plasma for the 1:10 dilution from complete and cracking material has obtained OD450nm reading (Figure 39 B).Use typical curve, can estimate the concentration (Figure 39 C) of Ago2 albumen in the concentrated blood plasma of complete and cracking.
Finally, in the ELISA based on plate, use the blood plasma of complete or cracking and plasma extraction thing (cMV) to assess from the Ago2 protein expression level in the human plasma in the positive pond of prostate cancer and negative pond.Utilize the titration of F127 as dull and stereotyped encapsulant, use 1%BSA+1%F127 to test Ago2 detection (Figure 40 A-B) as sample and detection antibody dilution agent or 1%BSA+1%F68 as sample and detection agent thinner.
The data that present in this embodiment determined circulation microcapsule bubble whether in its surface, inner compartmentation or both carry Ago2 and/or Ago2:miRNA.Confirm to use the IP of CD81 to catch exosome and RNA inclusion (cargo) thereof from the immunoprecipitation (IP) of complete Vcap exosome.Referring to Figure 38 A-F.In the time catching exosome with anti-CD81, microRNA only detected from the IP of complete Vcap exosome prepared product.These data show in these experiments Ago2 be not present on the surface of Vcap exosome or the ribonucleoprotein complex that contains any non-Argonaute that has a mind to copurification in.Therefore, these digital proofs the miRNA that is present in Vcap exosome be Ago2 combination.For whether the microRNA useful load in the cMV in definite endogenous human plasma is also by Ago2 combination, with filter and centrifugal come purifying cMV, and subsequently as a whole, complete microcapsule bubble or afterwards in gentle Triton X-100 lysis buffer cracking carry out Ago2ELISA.After cracking, there is～50% increase in Ago2OD450nm, and the protein concn of estimation has corresponding raising.Referring to Figure 40.Because there is the increase of Ago2 after cMV cracking, these digital proofs are in cMV, to find Ago2.Data in Figure 40 have further proved that Ago2 albumen self can be used as the indicator of morbid state with respect to non-disease conditions.Figure 40 has shown the comparison of Ago2 level in the positive blood plasma of prostate cancer and the negative blood plasma of prostate cancer.Use 1%F127 sealing and sample and detect antibody dilution agent 1%BSA+1%F68, in prostate cancer pond, exist higher than the endogenous Ago2 of negative control pond twice and express and increase.
embodiment 61: the flow cytometry of vesica
This embodiment presents can use flow cytometry methods analyst vesica, the such as method of cMV, clone exosome etc.
1.2 μ m plasmapheresises
1. from the blood plasma of-80 ℃ of 1ml equal portions that thaw, merge, and add 10%DSMO
2. blood plasma is filtered by 1.2 μ m filter plates
A. 96-hole slab reactor is stacked on 96 hole whites, round bottom plate (Costar#3789)
B. filter the PBS wetting hole that needs number in advance with the 0.1 μ m of 100 μ L
C. in Eppendorf5430R under 4,000RPM centrifugal 1min
D. from the hole of white plate, remove PBS
E. add 50 μ L blood plasma/holes
F. in Eppendorf5430R under 4,000RPM centrifugal 2min
3. the blood plasma in hole is moved in 1.5mL micro-centrifuge tube
4. sample is stored on ice
hSA/IgG exhausts scheme
This experimental program has presented the method for the human serum albumin (HSA) from blood sample.The Pierce Albumin/IgG Removal test kit (#89875) that this scheme is used business to buy.Can use the similar test kit from other manufacturerss.
1. resin resuspended 170 μ L (vortex 30sec) is added to ten column spinner/samples (Gibacron Blue/Protein A)
The centrifugal 1min of 2.10,000g is to remove storage damping fluid
3. in test tube independently, add 65 μ L binding buffer liquid+10 μ L true plasma x column spinner number/samples (blood plasma that 715 μ l binding buffer agent+100 μ l1.2um filter)
(E8 preparation needs pre-filtration step)
4. the sample of 75 μ L dilutions is added in each resin of 10 pillar/samples
Gently vortex with mix
6. at room temperature on turner, hatch 10min
7. centrifugal 1min under 10,000g, to collect overcurrent thing
8. by overcurrent thing add-back resin
Gently vortex with mix
10. at room temperature on vortice, hatch 10min
11. under 10,000g centrifugal 1min to collect overcurrent thing
12. in order to wash, and adds 75 μ L binding buffer liquid
13. under 10,000g centrifugal 1min washings is collected in the collection tube identical with overcurrent thing and merge that (cumulative volume=150 μ l)
14. merge the overcurrent thing from all 10 pillar/samples/washings that (cumulative volume=1500 μ l) in independent 1.5mL micro-centrifuge tube
15. before Fc receptors bind and dyeing, by sample concentration.
hAS exhausts plasma extraction scheme
This experimental program uses the Amicon Ultra-2 centrifugal filter device (#UFC205024PL) with Ultracel-50 film.
1. Amicon Ultra-2 device is inserted in filtrate collection pipe
2. by adding 2mL Apogee0.1 μ m filtered water to soak in advance and centrifugal 2min under 2000g
3. the blood plasma that adds 1500 μ lHAS to exhaust, and under 2500g centrifugal 15min
4. filtration unit is separated with overcurrent thing collection tube
By put upside down filtration unit and under 1000g centrifugal 1min reclaim concentrated sample
6. the concentrating sample of recovery is transferred to independent 1.5mL micro-centrifuge tube from collection tube
7. with 0.1 μ m PBS, final volume is adjusted to 100 μ l
By sample storage on ice
TruCount30min。Be used for the scheme of the true plasma sample filtering
1. take out a TruCount pipe/sample from 4 ℃ of storages, and confirm that the test tube bottom under metal inset exists little white pearl precipitation
2. use tinsel protection TruCount pipe to avoid illumination, and make its balance to RT (15min)
3. in 1.5mL micro-centrifuge tube, merge the blood plasma that exhausts of the concentrated HAS of PBS+10 μ l that 90 μ l0.1 μ m filter
4. pass through vortex mixed, and 100 μ l PBS+ sample mixtures are directly added on the metal inset of TruCount pipe bottom
5. after > 1min, confirm that white pearl precipitation dissolves, if do not had, by pulse vortex dissolution precipitation until precipitation is no longer visible
6., once precipitation is dissolved completely, avoid illumination with tinsel protection TruCount pipe, and hatch 15min under RT
7. after hatching for the first time, (200 μ l) are adjusted to total amount 300 μ l by TruCount sample volume from 100 μ l to the PBS filtering with 0.1 μ m, and pulse vortex is to mix
8. avoid illumination with tinsel protection TruCount pipe, and hatch again 15min under RT
9. brief vortex before immediately analyzing on Apogee
10. move sample with 200 μ l/min flow velocitys and 300 μ l draw volume
for the dyeing blood plasma of flow cytometer showed
1. every hole 0.25x10e6 event of equal portions
2. add 15 μ l Fc receptor blockade ebiosciences (cat#16-9161-73) storage samples, at 4 ℃, spend the night
3. every hole adds mixtures of antibodies, and hatches in the dark 30min on ice
4. supply 300 μ l with the PBS filtering
5. with 200 μ l/min flow velocitys and 300 μ l draw volume, on Apogee, move the sample of 300 μ l dyeing
6. streaming Jo analyzes
Figure 41 has shown and uses this scheme to detect the example from the cMV of the peripheral blood of prostate cancer and normal patient.Use anti-MM P7-FITC antibody coupling matter (Millipore anti-MM P7 monoclonal antibody 7B2) to detect cMV.Curve display the frequency vs. of the event that detects detect the concentration of antibody.
embodiment 62: the microballon analysis of praying for vesica (cMV) for detection of circulation
Using the subset right mark in embodiment 46,48 and 51 (respectively referring to table 38,50 and 55) for further assessment as the EpCAM of detection agent.Method with in above embodiment, describe identical.The bonding agent of ADAM-10, BCNP, CD9, EGFR, EpCam, IL1B, KLK2, MMP7, p53, PBP, PCSA, SERPINB3, SPDEF, SSX2 and SSX4 is used for catching microcapsule bubble, and the bonding agent of PCSA and EpCAM is used as to detection agent.In brief, trapping agent is coupled to microballon, and hatches together with patient's plasma sample.Microcapsule bubble by fluorescently-labeled detection agent for detection of antibody capture.Bonding agent used be above-mentioned those, except having used EpCAM antibody and fit detection agent.Described sample comprises 5 plasma samples from the male sex of prostate gland (PCa) the biopsy positive and the male sex of 5 prostate cancer biopsy feminine genders (, contrast).Relatively catch to assess-combination of the MFI value between PCa and control sample is to detecting and distinguish the ability of the microcapsule bubble in prostate cancer and contrast.Assessed single mark to the performance of mark group.
The bonding agent that has used the PE mark of three kinds of detection agents, comprising: 1) anti-EpCAM antibody; 2) anti-PCSA antibody; 3) anti-EpCAM is fit.Detection agent is shown in table 72 together with the combination of the trapping agent of microballon coupling.In this table, trapping agent and/or detection agent comprise the antibody of target shown in identification, unless be labeled as fit.First row represents detection agent.It below every kind of detection agent, is the trapping agent list using together with detection agent.
Table 72: trapping agent and detection agent combination
EpCAM EpCAM is fit PCSA
EpCAM EpCAM EpCAM
KLK2 KLK2 KLK2
PBP PBP PBP
SPDEF SPDEF SPDEF
SSX2 SSX2 SSX2
SSX4 SSX4 SSX4
ADAM-10 ADAM-10 ADAM-10
SERPINB3 SERPINB3 SERPINB3
PCSA PCSA PCSA
p53 p53 p53
MMP7 MMP7 MMP7
IL1B IL1B IL1B
EGFR EGFR EGFR
CD9 CD9 CD9
BCNP BCNP BCNP
For each trapping agent-detection agent to having built ROC curve.The single trapping agent of EpCAM, KLK2, PBP, SPDEF, SSX2 and SSX4 is shown in table 73 together with the performance of EpCAM antibody test agent.In this table, AUC is the area under curve of ROC curve.
Table 73: trapping agent-EpCAM detection agent performance
Trapping agent target Supplier Cat.No. AUC
EpCAM R&D?Systems MAB9601 0.72
KLK2 Novus?Biologicals H00003817-M03 1.00
PBP Novus?Biologicals H00005037-M01 0.64
SPDEF Novus?Biologicals H00025803-M01 0.80
SSX2 Novus?Biologicals H00006757-M01 0.92
SSX4 Novus?Biologicals H00006759-M02 1.00
As observed in table 73, all single mark verifications understand the ability of distinguishing PCa and control sample.SERPINB3 trapping agent has 1.0 AUC value (that is, distinguishing cancer and normal perfect ability), and EGFR catches the AUC with 0.64.
Table 74 has shown several dual results to mark group.Assess the ability of described group differentiation PCa and control sample with multivariate model, use ROC AUC as performance metric.In table 74, described group comprises trapping agent target 1-EpCAM detection agent and trapping agent target 2-EpCAM detection agent.The name nonsensical (for example, trapping agent target 1=SSX4 and trapping agent target 2=EpCAM are equal to trapping agent target 2=SSX4 and trapping agent target 1=EpCAM) of target 1 or 2.The AUC of described group should be at least and the most single mark of poor performance equally high in group.In fact, described group provides the more high-performance (, higher AUC value) that is better than single mark.Even if some marks demonstrate the perfection the same with single trapping agent target and distinguish (, AUC=1.0 therein; For example, SSX4, KLK2, SEPRINB3), described group still can by the test variance that reduces or other be because usually providing real benefit.
Table 74: dual trapping agent-EpCAM detection agent performance
Trapping agent target 1 Trapping agent target 2 AUC
SSX4 EpCAM 1.00
SSX4 KLK2 1.00
SSX4 PBP 1.00
SSX4 SPDEF 1.00
SSX4 SSX2 1.00
SSX4 EGFR 1.00
SSX4 MMP7 1.00
SSX4 BCNP1 1.00
SSX4 SERPINB3 1.00
SSX4 Any other mark 1.00
KLK2 EpCAM 1.00
KLK2 PBP 1.00
KLK2 SPDEF 1.00
KLK2 SSX2 1.00
KLK2 EGFR 1.00
KLK2 MMP7 1.00
KLK2 BCNP1 1.00
KLK2 SERPINB3 1.00
KLK2 Any other mark 1.00
PBP EGFR 0.81
PBP EpCAM 0.78
PBP SPDEF 0.90
PBP SSX2 0.96
PBP SERPINB3 1.00
PBP MMP7 0.80
PBP BCNP1 0.78
EpCAM SPDEF 0.87
EpCAM SSX2 0.95
EpCAM SERPINB3 1.00
EpCAM EGFR 0.75
EpCAM MMP7 0.75
EpCAM BCNP1 0.72
SPDEF SSX2 0.98
SPDEF SERPINB3 1.00
SPDEF EGFR 0.87
SPDEF MMP7 0.89
SPDEF BCNP1 0.87
SSX2 EGFR 0.95
SSX2 MMP7 0.96
SSX2 BCNP1 0.95
SSX2 SERPINB3 1.00
SERPINB3 EGFR 1.00
SERPINB3 MMP7 1.00
SERPINB3 BCNP1 1.00
SERPINB3 Any other mark 1.00
EGFR MMP7 0.81
EGFR BCNP1 0.75
MMP7 BCNP1 0.78
Use the anti-EpCAM antibody of PE mark to obtain the data in table 73 and 74 as detection agent.Figure 44 has illustrated anti-EpCAM fit (, fit 4; 5 '-CCC CCC GAA TCA CAT GACTTG GGC GGG GGT CG (SEQ ID NO.1)) detect the purposes of microcapsule bubble colony.Fit is vitamin H coupling, then by carrying out mark in conjunction with streptavidin-phycoerythrin (SAPE).This figure has shown the average median fluorescent value (MFI value) for three illustrative prostate cancers (C1-C3) and three normal specimens (N1-N3) in each curve.Use antibody or fit detection agent to observe similar separation cancer and normal ability.
As seen in table 73, use the analysis of single trapping agent target to demonstrate differentiation cancer and normal good capacity.Table 74 has further proved that at least two kinds of acquisition target target groups of assessment can further improve analytical performance.
Although the preferred embodiments of the invention are demonstrated in this article and described, clearly these embodiments only provide in an exemplary fashion for a person skilled in the art.Those skilled in the art can expect a large amount of transformations, variation and replacement without departing from the invention.The multiple different replacement scheme that should understand embodiment of the present invention as herein described can be used to implement the present invention.In therefore method and structure in following claim intention definition scope of the present invention and these claim scopes and their equivalent covered in.
Figure ISB0000124588290000011

Claims (89)

1. a method, it comprises:
(a) biological sample is contacted to one or more reagent, wherein said one or more reagent are one or more biomarkers in associative list 5 specifically;
(b) existence or the level of one or more biomarkers in the contact detection biological sample based on described biological sample and described one or more reagent; With
(c) existence that evaluation comprises described one or more biomarkers that detect in described biological sample or the biological marking of level.
2. the process of claim 1 wherein that described one or more biomarkers comprise is selected from A33, ABL2, ADAM10, AFP, ALA, ALIX, ALPL, ApoJ/CLU, ASCA, ASPH (A-10), ASPH (D01P), AURKB, B7H3, B7H3, B7H4, BCNP, BDNF, CA125 (MUC16), CA-19-9, C-Bir, CD10, CD151, CD24, CD41, CD44, CD46, CD59 (MEM-43), CD63, CD63, CD66eCEA, CD81, CD81, CD9, CD9, CDA, CDADC1, CRMP-2, CRP, CXCL12, CXCR3, CYFRA21-1, DDX-1, DLL4, DLL4, EGFR, Epcam, EphA2, ErbB2, ERG, EZH2, FASL, FLNA, FRT, GAL3, GATA2, GM-CSF, Gro-α, HAP, HER3 (ErbB3), HSP70, HSPB1, hVEGFR2, iC3b, IL-1B, IL6R, IL6Unc, IL7R α/CD127, IL8, INSIG-2, integrin, KLK2, LAMN, mammary gland globin, M-CSF, MFG-E8, MIF, MISRII, MMP7, MMP9, MUC1, Muc1, MUC17, MUC2, Ncam, NDUFB7, NGAL, NK-2R (C-21), NT5E (CD73), p53, PBP, PCSA, PCSA, PDGFRB, PIM1, PRL, PSA, PSA, PSMA, PSMA, RAGE, RANK, RegIV, RUNX2, S100-A4, seprase/FAP, SERPINB3, SIM2 (C-15), SPARC, SPC, SPDEF, SPP1, STEAP, STEAP4, TFF3, TGM2, TIMP-1, TMEM211, Trail-R2, Trail-R4, TrKB (poly), Trop2, Tsg101, TWEAK, UNC93A, VEGFA, the protein of wnt-5a (C-16) and combination thereof.
3. the method for claim 2, wherein said one or more biomarkers further comprise the protein that is selected from CD9, CD63, CD81, PCSA, MUC2, MFG-E8 and combination thereof.
4. the process of claim 1 wherein that described one or more biomarkers are selected from miR-148a, miR-329, miR-9, miR-378*, miR-25, miR-614, miR-518c*, miR-378, miR-765, let-7f-2*, miR-574-3p, miR-497, miR-32, miR-379, miR-520g, miR-542-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-1206, miR-663, miR-222 and combination thereof.
5. the process of claim 1 wherein that described one or more biomarkers are selected from hsa-miR-877*, hsa-miR-593, hsa-miR-595, hsa-miR-300, hsa-miR-324-5p, hsa-miR-548a-5p, hsa-miR-329, hsa-miR-550, hsa-miR-886-5p, hsa-miR-603, hsa-miR-490-3p, hsa-miR-938, hsa-miR-149, hsa-miR-150, hsa-miR-1296, hsa-miR-384, hsa-miR-487a, hsa-miRPlus-C1089, hsa-miR-485-3p, hsa-miR-525-5p and combination thereof.
6. the process of claim 1 wherein that described one or more biomarkers are selected from miR-588, miR-1258, miR-16-2*, miR-938, miR-526b, miR-92b*, let-7d, miR-378*, miR-124, miR-376c, miR-26b, miR-1204, miR-574-3p, miR-195, miR-499-3p, miR-2110, miR-888 and combination thereof.
7. the method for claim 1, wherein said one or more biomarkers comprise and are selected from A33, ADAM10, AMACR, ASPH (A-10), AURKB, B7H3, CA125, CA-19-9, C-Bir, CD24, CD3, CD41, CD63, CD66e CEA, CD81, CD9, CDADC1, CSA, CXCL12, DCRN, EGFR, EphA2, ERG, FLNA, FRT, GAL3, GM-CSF, Gro-α, HER3 (ErbB3), hVEGFR2, IL6Unc, integrin, mammary gland globin, MFG-E8, MMP9, MUC1, MUC17, MUC2, NGAL, NK-2R (C-21), NY-ESO-1, PBP, PCSA, PIM1, PRL, PSA, PSIP1/LEDGF, PSMA, RANK, S100-A4, seprase/FAP, SIM2 (C-15), SPDEF, SSX2, STEAP, TGM2, TIMP-1, Trail-R4, Tsg101, TWEAK, UNC93A, VCAN, the protein of XAGE-1 and combination thereof.
8. the method for claim 7, wherein said one or more biomarkers further comprise the protein that is selected from EpCAM, CD81, PCSA, MUC2, MFG-E8 and combination thereof.
9. the process of claim 1 wherein that described one or more biomarkers are selected from let-7d, miR-148a, miR-195, miR-25, miR-26b, miR-329, miR-376c, miR-574-3p, miR-888, miR-9, miR1204, miR-16-2*, miR-497, miR-588, miR-614, miR-765, miR92b*, miR-938, let-7f-2*, miR-300, miR-523, miR-525-5p, miR-1182, miR-1244, miR-520d-3p, miR-379, let-7b, miR-125a-3p, miR-1296, miR-134, miR-149, miR-150, miR-187, miR-32, miR-324-3p, miR-324-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-378, miR-378*, miR-384, miR-451, miR-455-3p, miR-485-3p, miR-487a, miR-490-3p, miR-502-5p, miR-548a-5p, miR-550, miR-562, miR-593, miR-593*, miR-595, miR-602, miR-603, miR-654-5p, miR-877*, miR-886-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-140-3p, miR-192, miR-196a, miR-2110, miR-212, miR-222, miR-224*, miR-30b*, miR-499-3p, miR-505* and combination thereof.
10. the process of claim 1 wherein that described one or more biomarkers comprise is selected from A33, ADAM10, ALIX, AMACR, ASCA, ASPH (A-10), AURKB, B7H3, BCNP, CA125, CA-19-9, C-Bir (flagellin), CD24, CD3, CD41, CD63, CD66e CEA, CD81, CD9, CDADC1, CRP, CSA, CXCL12, CYFRA21-1, DCRN, EGFR, EpCAM, EphA2, ERG, FLNA, GAL3, GATA2, GM-CSF, Gro α, HER3 (ErbB3), HSP70, hVEGFR2, iC3b, IL-1B, IL6Unc, IL8, integrin, KLK2, mammary gland globin, MFG-E8, MMP7, MMP9, MS4A1, MUC1, MUC17, MUC2, NGAL, NK-2R (C-21), NY-ESO-1, p53, PBP, PCSA, PIM1, PRL, PSA, PSMA, RANK, RUNX2, S100-A4, seprase/FAP, SERPINB3, SIM2 (C-15), SPC, SPDEF, SSX2, SSX4, STEAP, TGM2, TIMP-1, TRAIL R2, Trail-R4, Isg101, TWEAK, VCAN, VEGF A, the protein of XAGE and combination thereof.
The method of 11. claims 10, wherein said one or more biomarkers further comprise the protein that is selected from EpCAM, CD81, PCSA, MUC2, MFG-E8 and combination thereof.
12. the process of claim 1 wherein that described one or more biomarkers are selected from hsa-miR-451, hsa-miR-223, hsa-miR-593*, hsa-miR-1974, hsa-miR-486-5p, hsa-miR-19b, hsa-miR-320b, hsa-miR-92a, hsa-miR-21, hsa-miR-675*, hsa-miR-16, hsa-miR-876-5p, hsa-miR-144, hsa-miR-126, hsa-miR-137, hsa-miR-1913, hsa-miR-29b-1*, hsa-miR-15a, hsa-miR-93, hsa-miR-1266 and combination thereof.
13. the process of claim 1 wherein that described one or more biomarkers comprise that one or more are selected from the protein of CD9, CD63, CD81, MMP7, EpCAM and combination thereof.
14. the process of claim 1 wherein that described one or more biomarkers comprise the protein that is selected from STAT3, EZH2, p53, MACC1, SPDEF, RUNX2, YB-1, AURKA, AURKB and combination thereof.
15. the process of claim 1 wherein that described one or more biomarkers comprise the protein that is selected from PCSA, Muc2, Adam10 and combination thereof.
16. the process of claim 1 wherein that described one or more biomarkers comprise the protein that is selected from alkaline phosphatase (AP), CD63, MyoD1, neuronspecific enolase, MAP1B, CNPase, statin, CD45RO, Heat shock protein 27, collagen protein II, ln B1/b1, Gail, CDw75, bcl-XL, ln-s, ferritin, CD21, ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF-6) and combination thereof.
The method of 17. claims 1, wherein said one or more biomarkers comprise and are selected from CD56/NCAM-1, Heat shock protein 27/hsp27, CD45RO, MAP1B, MyoD1, CD45/T200/LCA, CD3 ζ, ln-s, bcl-XL, Rad18, Gail, thymidylate synthetase, alkaline phosphatase (AP), CD63, MMP-16/MT3-MMP, cyclin C, neuronspecific enolase, SIRP a1, ln B1/b1, amyloid beta (APP), SODD (silencer of death domain), CDC37, Gab-1, E2F-2, CD6, mastocyte Chymotrypsin, the protein of γ glutamyl cysteine synthetase (GCS) and combination thereof.
18. the process of claim 1 wherein that described one or more biomarkers comprise the protein that is selected from alkaline phosphatase (AP), CD56 (NCAM), CD-3 ζ, Map1b, 14.3.3pan, filamin, thrombospondin and combination thereof.
19. the process of claim 1 wherein that described one or more biomarkers comprise Ago2.
The method of 20. claims 19, wherein said one or more biomarkers further comprise one or more microRNAs.
21. the process of claim 1 wherein that described one or more biomarkers comprise MMP7.
22. the process of claim 1 wherein that described one or more biomarkers comprise the protein that is selected from ADAM-10, BCNP, CD9, EGFR, EpCam, IL1B, KLK2, MMP7, p53, PBP, PCSA, SERPINB3, SPDEF, SSX2, SSX4 and combination thereof.
23. the process of claim 1 wherein that described one or more biomarkers comprise the protein that is selected from EGFR, EpCAM, KLK2, PBP, SPDEF, SSX2, SSX4 and combination thereof.
24. 1 kinds of methods, it comprises:
(a) biological sample is contacted to one or more reagent, wherein said biological sample comprises one or more microcapsule bubbles, and further wherein said one or more reagent comprise the first reagent and second reagent of one or more biomarkers in specific binding table 5;
(b) existence or the level of one or more microcapsule bubbles described in the contact detection based on described biological sample and described the first and second reagent;
(c) identify and comprise the existence of described one or more microcapsule bubbles that detect in described biological sample or the biological marking of level.
The method of 25. claims 24, wherein said the first reagent comprises that trapping agent and described the second reagent comprise detection agent, it is selected from table 38,40-44,50,51,55-67 and 72-74 one or more trapping agents and the detection agent pair in any.
The method of 26. claims 25, wherein said one or more trapping agents and detection agent are to comprising the bonding agent pair of mammary gland globin-MFG-E8, SIM2-MFG-E8 and NK-2R-MFG-E8.
27. the method for claim 25, wherein said one or more trapping agents and detection agent are to comprising the bonding agent pair of integrin-MFG-E8, NK-2R-MFG-E8 and Gal3-MFG-E8.
The method of 28. claims 25, wherein said one or more trapping agents and detection agent are to comprising the trapping agent of AURKB, A33, CD63, Gro-α and integrin; And the detection agent of MUC2, PCSA and CD81.
29. the method for claim 25, wherein said one or more trapping agents and detection agent are to comprising the trapping agent of AURKB, CD63, FLNA, A33, Gro-α, integrin, CD24, SSX2 and SIM2; And the detection agent of MUC2, PCSA, CD81, MFG-E8 and EpCam.
The method of 30. claims 25, wherein said one or more trapping agents and detection agent are to comprising the bonding agent pair of EpCam-MMP7, PCSA-MMP7 and EpCam-BCNP.
The method of 31. claims 25, wherein said one or more trapping agents and detection agent are to comprising the bonding agent pair of EpCam-MMP7, PCSA-MMP7, EpCam-BCNP, PCSA-ADAM10 and PCSA-KLK2.
The method of 32. claims 25, wherein said one or more trapping agents and detection agent are to comprising the bonding agent pair of EpCam-MMP7, PCSA-MMP7, EpCam-BCNP, PCSA-ADAM10, PCSA-KLK2, PCSA-SPDEF, CD81-MMP7, PCSA-EpCam, MFGE8-MMP7 and PCSA-IL-8.
The method of 33. claims 25, wherein said one or more trapping agents and detection agent are to comprising the bonding agent pair of EpCam-MMP7, PCSA-MMP7, EpCam-BCNP, PCSA-ADAM10 and CD81-MMP7.
The method of 34. claims 25, wherein said one or more trapping agents and detection agent are to comprising the detection agent of trapping agents one or more in ADAM-10, BCNP, CD9, EGFR, EpCam, IL1B, KLK2, MMP7, p53, PBP, PCSA, SERPINB3, SPDEF, SSX2 and SSX4 and EpCam or PCSA.
The method of 35. claims 25, wherein said one or more trapping agents and detection agent are selected from following bonding agent pair: EpCAM-EpCAM to comprising, EpCAM-KLK2, EpCAM-PBP, EpCAM-SPDEF, EpCAM-SSX2, EpCAM-SSX4, EpCAM-ADAM-10, EpCAM-SERPINB3, EpCAM-PCSA, EpCAM-p53, EpCAM-MMP7, EpCAM-IL1B, EpCAM-EGFR, EpCAM-CD9, EpCAM-BCNP, KLK2-EpCAM, KLK2-KLK2, KLK2-PBP, KLK2-SPDEF, KLK2-SSX2, KLK2-SSX4, KLK2-ADAM-10, KLK2-SERPINB3, KLK2-PCSA, KLK2-p53, KLK2-MMP7, KLK2-IL1B, KLK2-EGFR, KLK2-CD9, KLK2-BCNP, PBP-EpCAM, PBP-KLK2, PBP-PBP, PBP-SPDEF, PBP-SSX2, PBP-SSX4, PBP-ADAM-10, PBP-SERPINB3, PBP-PCSA, PBP-p53, PBP-MMP7, PBP-IL1B, PBP-EGFR, PBP-CD9, PBP-BCNP, SPDEF-EpCAM, SPDEF-KLK2, SPDEF-PBP, SPDEF-SPDEF, SPDEF-SSX2, SPDEF-SSX4, SPDEF-ADAM-10, SPDEF-SERPINB3, SPDEF-PCSA, SPDEF-p53, SPDEF-MMP7, SPDEF-IL1B, SPDEF-EGFR, SPDEF-CD9, SPDEF-BCNP, SSX2-EpCAM, SSX2-KLK2, SSX2-PBP, SSX2-SPDEF, SSX2-SSX2, SSX2-SSX4, SSX2-ADAM-10, SSX2-SERPINB3, SSX2-PCSA, SSX2-p53, SSX2-MMP7, SSX2-IL1B, SSX2-EGFR, SSX2-CD9, SSX2-BCNP, SSX4-EpCAM, SSX4-KLK2, SSX4-PBP, SSX4-SPDEF, SSX4-SSX2, SSX4-SSX4, SSX4-ADAM-10, SSX4-SERPINB3, SSX4-PCSA, SSX4-p53, SSX4-MMP7, SSX4-IL1B, SSX4-EGFR, SSX4-CD9, SSX4-BCNP, ADAM-10-EpCAM, ADAM-10-KLK2, ADAM-10-PBP, ADAM-10-SPDEF, ADAM-10-SSX2, ADAM-10-SSX4, ADAM-10-ADAM-10, ADAM-10-SERPINB3, ADAM-10-PCSA, ADAM-10-p53, ADAM-10-MMP7, ADAM-10-IL1B, ADAM-10-EGFR, ADAM-10-CD9, ADAM-10-BCNP, SERPINB3-EpCAM, SERPINB3-KLK2, SERPINB3-PBP, SERPINB3-SPDEF, SERPINB3-SSX2, SERPINB3-SSX4, SERPINB3-ADAM-10, SERPINB3-SERPINB3, SERPINB3-PCSA, SERPINB3-p53, SERPINB3-MMP7, SERPINB3-IL1B, SERPINB3-EGFR, SERPINB3-CD9, SERPINB3-BCNP, PCSA-EpCAM, PCSA-KLK2, PCSA-PBP, PCSA-SPDEF, PCSA-SSX2, PCSA-SSX4, PCSA-ADAM-10, PCSA-SERPINB3, PCSA-PCSA, PCSA-p53, PCSA-MMP7, PCSA-IL1B, PCSA-EGFR, PCSA-CD9, PCSA-BCNP, p53-EpCAM, p53-KLK2, p53-PBP, p53-SPDEF, p53-SSX2, p53-SSX4, p53-ADAM-10, p53-SERPINB3, p53-PCSA, p53-p53, p53-MMP7, p53-IL1B, p53-EGFR, p53-CD9, p53-BCNP, MMP7-EpCAM, MMP7-KLK2, MMP7-PBP, MMP7-SPDEF, MMP7-SSX2, MMP7-SSX4, MMP7-ADAM-10, MMP7-SERPINB3, MMP7-PCSA, MMP7-p53, MMP7-MMP7, MMP7-IL1B, MMP7-EGFR, MMP7-CD9, MMP7-BCNP, IL1B-EpCAM, IL1B-KLK2, IL1B-PBP, IL1B-SPDEF, IL1B-SSX2, IL1B-SSX4, IL1B-ADAM-10, IL1B-SERPINB3, IL1B-PCSA, IL1B-p53, IL1B-MMP7, IL1B-IL1B, IL1B-EGFR, IL1B-CD9, IL1B-BCNP, EGFR-EpCAM, EGFR-KLK2, EGFR-PBP, EGFR-SPDEF, EGFR-SSX2, EGFR-SSX4, EGFR-ADAM-10, EGFR-SERPINB3, EGFR-PCSA, EGFR-p53, EGFR-MMP7, EGFR-IL1B, EGFR-EGFR, EGFR-CD9, EGFR-BCNP, CD9-EpCAM, CD9-KLK2, CD9-PBP, CD9-SPDEF, CD9-SSX2, CD9-SSX4, CD9-ADAM-10, CD9-SERPINB3, CD9-PCSA, CD9-p53, CD9-MMP7, CD9-IL1B, CD9-EGFR, CD9-CD9, CD9-BCNP, BCNP-EpCAM, BCNP-KLK2, BCNP-PBP, BCNP-SPDEF, BCNP-SSX2, BCNP-SSX4, BCNP-ADAM-10, BCNP-SERPINB3, BCNP-PCSA, BCNP-p53, BCNP-MMP7, BCNP-IL1B, BCNP-EGFR, BCNP-CD9, BCNP-BCNP, and combination.
The method of 36. claims 25, wherein said one or more trapping agents and detection agent are a kind of to comprising in EpCAM, KLK2, PBP, SPDEF, SSX2, SSX4, EGFR. or the detection agent of multiple trapping agent and EpCam.
The method of 37. claims 25, wherein said one or more trapping agents and detection agent are to comprising multiple following detection agent: SSX4 and the EpCAM of being selected from; SSX4 and KLK2; SSX4 and PBP; SSX4 and SPDEF; SSX4 and SSX2; SSX4 and EGFR; SSX4 and MMP7; SSX4 and BCNP1; SSX4 and SERPINB3; KLK2 and EpCAM; KLK2 and PBP; KLK2 and SPDEF; KLK2 and SSX2; KLK2 and EGFR; KLK2 and MMP7; KLK2 and BCNP1; KLK2 and SERPINB3; PBP and EGFR; PBP and EpCAM; PBP and SPDEF; PBP and SSX2; PBP and SERPINB3; PBP and MMP7; PBP and BCNP1; EpCAM and SPDEF; EpCAM and SSX2; EpCAM and SERPINB3; EpCAM and EGFR; EpCAM and MMP7; EpCAM and BCNP1; SPDEF and SSX2; SPDEF and SERPINB3; SPDEF and EGFR; SPDEF and MMP7; SPDEF and BCNP1; SSX2 and EGFR; SSX2 and MMP7; SSX2 and BCNP1; SSX2 and SERPINB3; SERPINB3 and EGFR; SERPINB3 and MMP7; SERPINB3 and BCNP1; EGFR and MMP7; EGFR and BCNP1; MMP7 and BCNP1; And combination.
The method of 38. claims 37, wherein said detection agent comprises EpCAM detection agent.
39. the method for claim 25, wherein said one or more trapping agents and detection agent are to comprising the bonding agent pair that is selected from EpCam-EpCam, EpCam-KLK2, EpCam-PBP, EpCam-SPDEF, EpCam-SSX2, EpCam-SSX4, EpCam-EGFR and composition thereof.
40. the method for claim 25, wherein said one or more trapping agents and detection agent are to comprising the bonding agent of EpCam-EpCam.
41. the method for claim 25, wherein said one or more trapping agents and detection agent are to comprising the bonding agent of EpCam-KLK2.
42. the method for claim 25, wherein said one or more trapping agents and detection agent are to comprising the bonding agent of EpCam-PBP.
43. the method for claim 25, wherein said one or more trapping agents and detection agent are to comprising the bonding agent of EpCam-SPDEF.
44. the method for claim 25, wherein said one or more trapping agents and detection agent are to comprising the bonding agent of EpCam-SSX2.
45. the method for claim 25, wherein said one or more trapping agents and detection agent are to comprising the bonding agent of EpCam-SSX4.
46. the method for claim 25, wherein said one or more trapping agents and detection agent are to comprising the bonding agent of EpCam-EGFR.
The method of 47. claim 24-26 any one, wherein said the first and second reagent comprise antibody and/or fit.
48. the method for claim 25-46 any one, wherein said trapping agent ties in substrate.
49. the method for claim 25-46 any one, wherein said detection agent is mark.
50. the method for aforementioned any one claim, further comprises the described biological marking and the biological marking of reference is compared, wherein said relatively for characterizing cancers.
The method of 51. claims 50, the biological marking of wherein said reference is from not cancered experimenter.
The method of 52. claims 50, wherein said sign comprises existence or the risk of identifying cancer in experimenter, or identifies that in experimenter, cancer is metastatic or invasive.
The method of 53. claims 50, wherein said comparison step comprises determines that whether the biological marking is with respect to changing with reference to the biological marking, provides thus prognosis, diagnosis or the treatment diagnosis of cancer to determine.
The method of 54. aforementioned any one claims, wherein said biological sample comprises body fluid.
The method of 55. claims 50, wherein said body fluid comprises peripheral blood, serum, blood plasma, ascites, urine, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), phlegm, saliva, marrow, synovia, aqueous humor, amniotic fluid, earwax, milk, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, seminal fluid, prostatic fluid, examine amber liquid or the liquid of ejaculating in advance, women penetrates liquid, sweat, movement, hair, tear, capsule liquid, hydrothorax and ascites fluid, pericardial fluid, lymph, food gruel, chyle, bile, interstitial fluid, menses, purulence, sebum, vomitus, vaginal secretions, mucous membrane secretory product, just rare, pancreatic juice, nasal lavage fluid, segmental bronchus aspirated liquid, blastochyle, any derivative of Cord blood or its.
The method of 56. aforementioned any one claims, wherein said biological sample comprises any derivative of urine, blood, blood derivatives or its.
The method of 57. claim 1-53 any one, wherein said biological sample comprises cell culture or derivatives thereof.
The method of 58. claim 1-53 any one, wherein said biological sample comprises tissue sample or derivatives thereof.
The method of 59. aforementioned any one claims, wherein said biological sample comprises one or more microcapsule bubbles.
The method of 60. claims 59, wherein said biological sample is made up of described one or more microcapsule bubbles.
The method of 61. claims 59, wherein said one or more biomarkers are relevant to described one or more microcapsule bubbles.
The method of 62. claims 59, wherein said one or more microcapsule bubbles have the diameter of 10nm to 2000nm.
The method of 63. claims 59, wherein said one or more microcapsule bubbles have the diameter of 20nm to 200nm.
64. the method for claim 59, wherein said one or more microcapsule bubbles stand that size exclusion chromatography, density gradient centrifugation, differential centrifugation, nanometer film ultrafiltration, immunosorption are caught, affinity purification, affinity capture, immunoassay, microfluidic separation, flow cytometry or its combination.
The method of 65. claims 59, wherein by described one or more reagent of described one or more microcapsule bubble contacts.
The method of 66. claims 65, wherein said one or more reagent comprise nucleic acid, DNA molecular, RNA molecule, antibody, antibody fragment, fit, class peptide, zDNA, peptide nucleic acid(PNA) (PNA), lock nucleic acid (LNA), lectin, peptide, arborescence, membrane protein labelling agent, chemical compound or its combination.
The method of 67. claims 65, wherein said one or more reagent are used for catching and/or detect described one or more microcapsule bubbles.
The method of 68. claims 65, wherein said one or more reagent are in conjunction with one or more surface antigens on described one or more microcapsule bubbles.
The method of 69. claims 68, wherein said one or more surface antigens comprise one or more protein.
The method of 70. claims 69, wherein said one or more protein comprise one or more in CD9, CD63, CD81, PSMA, PCSA, B7H3, EpCam, ADAM-10, BCNP, EGFR, IL1B, KLK2, MMP7, p53, PBP, SERPINB3, SPDEF, SSX2 and SSX4.
The method of 71. claims 69, wherein said one or more protein comprise one or more in the protein in four transmembrane proteins, CD9, CD63, CD81, CD63, CD9, CD81, CD82, CD37, CD53, Rab-5b, annexin V, MFG-E8 or table 3.
The method of 72. claims 69, wherein said one or more protein comprise table 3-5 one or more protein in any.
The method of 73. claims 65, wherein said one or more reagent are used for catching described one or more microcapsule bubbles.
The method of 74. claims 73, wherein said one or more biomarkers comprise the useful load in described one or more microcapsule bubbles of catching.
75. the method for claim 74, wherein said useful load comprises one or more nucleic acid, peptide, protein, lipid, antigen, carbohydrate and/or proteoglycan.
The method of 76. claims 75, wherein said nucleic acid comprises one or more DNA, mRNA, microRNA, snoRNA, snRNA, rRNA, tRNA, siRNA, hnRNA or shRNA.
The method of 77. claims 74, wherein said one or more biomarkers comprise mRNA.
The method of 78. claims 50, wherein said cancer comprises acute lymphoblastic leukemia; Acute myelogenous leukemia; Adrenocortical carcinoma; AIDS associated cancer; AIDS associated lymphoma; Anus cancer; Appendix cancer; Astrocytoma; Atypia teratoblastoma/rhabdoid tumor; Rodent cancer; Bladder cancer; Brain stem glioma; Cerebral tumor (comprising primitive neuroectodermal tumor and pineocytoma on the pineal gland parenchymal tumor, curtain of brain stem glioma, central nervous system atypia teratoblastoma/rhabdoid tumor, central nervous system embryonal tumor, astrocytoma, craniopharyngioma, one-tenth ependymoblastoma, ependymoma, medulloblastoma, medulloepithelioma, moderate differentiation); Mammary cancer; Tumor of bronchus; Burkitt's lymphoma; The cancer that original site is not clear; Carcinoid tumor; The cancer knurl that original site is not clear; Central nervous system atypia teratoblastoma/rhabdoid tumor; Central nervous system Embryo tumour; Cervical cancer; Childhood cancer; Chordoma; Lymphocytic leukemia; Chronic lymphocytic leukemia; Chronic bone marrow proliferation disorder; Colorectal carcinoma; Colorectal carcinoma; Craniopharyngioma; Cutaneous T cell lymphoma; Internal secretion islet cell tumor; Carcinoma of endometrium; Become ependymoblastoma; Ependymoma; The esophageal carcinoma; Esthesioneuroblastema; Ewing's sarcoma; Extracranial germ cell knurl; Extragonadal germ cell tumor; Cholangiocarcinoma; Carcinoma of gallbladder; (stomach) cancer of stomach; Gastrointestinal associated cancers tumour; Patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors; Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST); Gestational trophoblastic tumor; Neurospongioma; Hairy cell leukemia; Head and neck cancer; Heart cancer; Hodgkin lymphoma; Hypopharyngeal carcinoma; Intraocular melanoma; Islet cell tumor; Kaposi's sarcoma; Kidney; Langerhans cell histiocytosis; Laryngocarcinoma; Lip cancer; Liver cancer; Malignant fibrous histiocytoma osteocarcinoma; Medulloblastoma; Medulloepithelioma; Melanoma; Merkel cell carcinoma; Merkel cell skin carcinoma; Mesothelioma; Hide idiopathic transitivity squamous neck cancer; Oral carcinoma; Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome; Multiple myeloma; Multiple myeloma/plasma cell tumor; Cutaneous T cell lymphoma; Myelodysplastic syndrome; Myeloproliferative tumour; CARCINOMA OF THE NASAL CAVITY; Nasopharyngeal carcinoma; Neuroblastoma; Non-Hodgkin lymphoma; Nonmelanoma skin cancer; Nonsmall-cell lung cancer; Mouth cancer; Oral carcinoma; Oropharynx cancer; Osteosarcoma; Other brain and tumor of spinal cord; Ovarian cancer; Epithelial ovarian cancer; Ovarian germ cell tumors; The low pernicious potential tumor of ovary; Carcinoma of the pancreas; Papillomatosis; Paranasal sinus cancer; Parathyroid carcinoma; Pelvic cancer; Penile cancer; Pharynx cancer; The pineal gland parenchymal tumor of moderate differentiation; Pineocytoma; Pituitary tumor; Plasma cell tumor/multiple myeloma; Pleura pulmonary blastoma; Primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma; Primary hepatocyte hepatocarcinoma; Prostate cancer; The rectum cancer; Kidney; Nephrocyte (kidney) cancer; Renal cell carcinoma; Respiratory cancer; Retinoblastoma; Rhabdosarcoma; Sialisterium cancer; S é zary syndrome; Small cell lung cancer; Carcinoma of small intestine; Soft tissue sarcoma; Squamous cell carcinoma; Squamous neck cancer; Stomach (stomach) cancer; Primitive neuroectodermal tumor on curtain; T cell lymphoma; Carcinoma of testis; Laryngocarcinoma; Thymic carcinoma; Thymoma; Thyroid carcinoma; Transitional cell carcinoma; Renal plevis and ureteral transitional cell carcinoma; Trophoblastic tumor; Carcinoma of ureter; Urethral carcinoma; Uterus carcinoma; Sarcoma of uterus; Carcinoma of vagina; Carcinoma vulvae; macroglobulinemia; Or Wilm ' s tumour.
The method of 79. claims 50, wherein said cancer comprises prostate cancer.
The method of 80. aforementioned any one claims, wherein said method is carried out in vitro.
Described in 81., one or more reagent are used for the purposes of the method for implementing aforementioned any one claim.
82. 1 kinds of test kits that comprise one or more reagent described in claim 1-80.
83. the test kit of claim 82, wherein said reagent can associative list 3-5,9-11,16-27,29,31-32,37-38,40-47,49-52,54-67 and 69-74 at least one biomarker in any.
The test kit of 84. claims 82 or 83, wherein said reagent comprises antibody or fit.
85. PCSA+ that separate, Muc2+, Adam10+ vesica.
The 86. MMP7+ vesicas that separate.
The 87. Ago2+ vesicas that separate.
The vesica of 88. claim 85-87 any one, the vesica of wherein said separation comprises one or more and is selected from the microRNA of table 5.
The vesica of 89. claim 85-87 any one, the vesica of wherein said separation comprises one or more and is selected from any messenger RNA(mRNA) (mRNA) of table 5 or 20-24.
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