ZA200508675B - Method and arrangement for cooling the raw gas in the reactor upper part of a slag bath gasifier - Google Patents
Method and arrangement for cooling the raw gas in the reactor upper part of a slag bath gasifier Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ZA200508675B ZA200508675B ZA200508675A ZA200508675A ZA200508675B ZA 200508675 B ZA200508675 B ZA 200508675B ZA 200508675 A ZA200508675 A ZA 200508675A ZA 200508675 A ZA200508675 A ZA 200508675A ZA 200508675 B ZA200508675 B ZA 200508675B
- Authority
- ZA
- South Africa
- Prior art keywords
- raw gas
- gasifier
- charge
- spray
- arrangement
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 title claims description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 36
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 9
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000282320 Panthera leo Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019628 coolness Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002663 nebulization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/06—Continuous processes
- C10J3/08—Continuous processes with ash-removal in liquid state
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/09—Mechanical details of gasifiers not otherwise provided for, e.g. sealing means
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
- C10J2200/152—Nozzles or lances for introducing gas, liquids or suspensions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
- C10J2200/156—Sluices, e.g. mechanical sluices for preventing escape of gas through the feed inlet
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0973—Water
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Description
t + 2005/0865
Method and arrangement for cooling the raw gas in the reactor upper part of a slag bath gasifier.
The invention relates to the field of waste recovery especially regarding the gasification of inhomogeneous substance composi tions in a slag bath gasifier, whereby the inhomogeneous substance com positions consist of carbon containing solid waste materials and solid carbon containing fuels.
In particular the invention relates to a method and an arrangement for cooling the raw gas in the reactor upper part of slag bath gasification reactors for avoiding the formation of coke type deposits in the head part of the gasifier, especially at the raw gas exit opening.
The gasification as such takes place as an autothermic process at pressures larger than 20 bar. The charging of the slag bath gasifier with the mentioned inhomogeneous substance compositions takes place discontinu ously by way of a known sluice systeem. The starting temperature for the charging is relatively constant. The level of the solid material charge in the reactor is kept at a required lev el by means of the discontinuous charging, whereby the reactor is op erated exclusively according to the method of the subsided charge (DE 195 09 570 C2).
The operation by way of subsided charge in the gasifier is necessary in order to subject different plastics wastes to a rapid degasification and pyrolyses and to avoid therewith their adhesive inclination during slower heating. Adhering waste-carbon-formations cause dfsturbances of the solid material charge in the gasifier regarding flow conditions, so that controllable operational situations cannot be achieved, and as a result thereof thes gasifer has to be switched off. ] DrG Ref: 647814 )
During the o peration according to this manner of opera-tion pressure, quantity and quality oscillations occur in the continuously withdrawn raw gas. The raw gas oscillations thereby are favoured by the criteria process
Lo temperature, process pressure, composition and grain size of the applied compositions, the heating speed as well as the charged qu antity and the © charging frequency.
The oscillations are caused, in addition to the physical proscesses, by the raw gas parks water vapour, pyrolysis gas, de-gasification gas and gasification gas created depending on the process at differe=nt times. The individual gases have, corresponding to their reaction kinetics, a different composition. Of particular importance thereby is the pyroslysis reaction, which starts vigorously immediately after the charging whem reaching the pyrolysis temperature in particular on applying wastes and mostly after a brief time period exceeds the maximum. The pyroly sis gas peak displaces the average raw gas composition and the raww gas quality considerably.
The applied wsaste materials have a relatively low thermos stability and contain a num ber of heavy metals.
The finest coke particles obtained during these degasificat ion reactions, run together with the contained heavy metals through & sinter type process at the ambient temperatures of > 750°C. The coke particles thereby obtaira adhesive characteristics and deposit in the head part of the gasifier, still favoured by the pressure and temperature oscillations, to the brick lining and to the construction parts, such as raw gas discharge and at the charging chute.
The slag bath gasifier is operated at a very low steam portion of about 1 kg steam/Nm?® oxygen in the gasification agent in order to convert the slag into the liquid condition ahead of the gasification agent nozzles, unlike the rota ry grid-fixed bed gasifiers, which run at 8 to 10 times of
DrG Ref: 647814 :
steam in the gasification agent mixture, in order to cool the slag and thus keep it in granular condition. Naturally the produced raw gas of the slag bath gasifier is very dry, which favours the adherence and deposit . process. Furthermore the grain size of the coke particles with < 0,1 mm is clearly less than the coke particles, which are obtained in a rotary grid-
CT fixed bed gasifier.
The deposits reduce the free cross-section in the head region of the gasifier, especially towards the raw gas discharge, which, during progressing operational time, leads to flow technical and metrological problems, the gasification process, being technologically and also machine technologically not further controllable and thus the gasifier has to be taken out of operation.
For this reason suggestions have been made to make the manner of operation of the reactor more controllable. Thus it was suggested to change the charging chute in the reactor upper part (DE 20 2004 005 918.5).
Furthermore a changed disch arge arrangement for the applied material mixture from the charging chute into the upper part of the reactor has been suggested (DE 10 2004 001 708.5), which had to be operated according to a special algorithm.
It also was suggested (DE 103 30 512.2) to construct in the raw gas discharge by means of an aqueous medium an isochrone, isohaline and/or an insulating and/or an annular flow changeable in temperature between the raw gas and the tubular wall and to keep this stable. This suggestion, from which an avoidance of deposits in the raw gas discharge were hoped for, is technically very expensive and also pre-supposes uniform operational conditions, such as raw gas quantities, pressures and the like, which can be maintained only with difficulty in rough operation.
The mentioned suggestions serve without doubt for improvement of the
DrG Ref. 647814 —
above described difficult operational situatiors, but basically cannot solve the existing problem.
Purpose and object of the invention therefore is to reduce the adhesive and depositing process in the free cross-section of the head region of the
Co. s reactor and similarly in the raw gas discharge, caused by the intended application of the mentioned inhomogeneous substance compositions of carbon containing solid waste materials and solid carbon containing fuels, and to ensure an operation development without disturbances.
According to the invention, a method for coo ling raw gas in the reactor upper part of a slag bath gasifier for gasifying charges of inhomogeneous substance compositions consisting of carbon containing solid waste materials and solid carbon containing fuels at pressures of > 20 bar, is characterized thereby that finely sprayed water is charged thus into the free space in the upper part of the reactor above the subsided charge counter to the flow direction of raw gas rising from the solid charge that the overall free cross-section of this space is uniformly covered with a fine spray of water for achieving an intensive reaction thereof with the raw gas rising out of the solid subsided charge and for reducing the temperature to < 700°C.
The water quantity required for the finely sprayed water may be controlled by way of control fittings separately for each nozzle in accordance with output and temperature.
The functional efficiency of the individual nozzles may be established by way of the difference in pressure between the vwater pre-pressure and the gasifier pressure.
Also according to the invention, an arrangement for cooling raw gas in the reactor upper part of a slag bath gasifier having a charge chute for
DrG Ref: 647814 }
charging inhomogeneous substance compositions consistimg of carbon containing solid waste materials and solid carbon containing fuels at pressures of > 20 bar, is characterized thereby that at the level at the oo lower edge of the charge chute several spray nozzles are distributed uniformly along the circumference of the reactor upper part in a
Co horizontal plane such that their spray cones are directed towards the surface of the subsided charge.
At least four spray nozzles may be provided.
The spray cone of each spray nozzle may equal > 90°.
The water supply takes place by way of several nozzles arranged only in one horizontal plane, and being distributed uniformly along the circumference of the reactor upper part at the level of the feed chute.
The water leaves the nozzles at a spray angle, which ensu res covering the overall free cross-section above the solid composition charge. By 1s way of this covering of the overall free cross-section abo ve the solid composition charge by way of a water fog the danger of localized cooling or quenching of parts of the area of the solid composition charge is averted. Similarly the danger of an oxygen entry is eliminated.
Thereby the numerous chemical-physical processes, which these mentioned adhesive and deposits provoke and take place at temperatures > 750°C, are suppressed and are substantially avoided.
The water quantity can be adjusted by fittings separately for each nozzle dependent on output and temperature. For controlling th e functional efficiency of the individual nozzles respectively the differen ce pressure between the water pre-pressure and the gasifier pressure is established.
Each nozzle can be rinsed and cooled separately by way of nitrogen during required stan dstill of the water spraying.
BN IDrG Ref: 647814 -
For safety reasons the water supply is interrupted on interruption of the gasifier by way of a rapid closure fitting.
By way of the nebulization of a particular water quantity in the gasifier upper part, due to the large heat capacity of the water for reduction of
Ce 5s the head and the ravv gas temperatures, their desired temperature range can be calculated in advance relatively exactly by way of output parameters of the gasifier and practically also can be controlled well by means of control qua ntity.
By moistening the raw gas the adhesive characteristics of the waste coke particles is avoided so that thereby the availability of the gasifier is increased decisively and therewith the expense in maintenance armd cleaning costs is reduced and the overall operational result is influence=d positively.
Two further effects are achieved by cooling of the raw gas in the reactor is upper part, which act positively on the operation, especially the gas utilisation plants downstream of the gasifier.
Due to the low raw gas and head temperatures the degasification an d pyrolysis reactions develop markedly slower and not so vigorously, whic h leads to an observable smoothing of the raw gas pressure and raw ga s quantity oscillations and improves the operation of the downstrearm plants.
The raw gas composition (analysis) is also changed by way of the lowe r temperatures and the introduction of moisture into the gasifier. The reaction equilibrium is displaced in favour of the formation of hydrogerm with reduction of the portions of methane. This analytical change of the synthesis gas is of considerable importance, especially for the materia utilisation.
NB DrG Ref: 64781@ -—
The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying schematic drawing. : In the drawing there is shown a schematic side view of an arrangement
Co s for cooling raw gas in the reactor up per part of a gasifier in accordance with the invention.
Referring to the drawing, as is shown from the dosing sluice 1 the inhomogeneous substance composition, consisting of carbon containing solid waste material and carbon containing solid fuels, arrives by way of discontinuous operation of the dosing conical closure 2 through the feed chute 4 onto the surface of the subsided charge.
Four spray nozzles 5 are arranged at the level of the lower edge of the feed chute 4, the nozzles being distributed uniformly about the circumference of the reaction upper part in a horizontal plane, and their water supply conduits 6 being led through the reactor wall. The spray nozzles 5 are arranged at such an ang le to the horizontal that their spray cones cover the overall free cross-sectional area above the charge upper surface by means of their water spray fog 7.
The overall raw gas flow 8 emerging from the charge surface thus must come into an intensive reaction with the water spray fog 7 before it reaches the raw gas discharge cone 3 and escapes therethrough.
DrG Ref: 647814 -
Claims (8)
1. Method for cooling raw gas in the reactor upper part of a slag bath gasifier for gasifying charges of inhomogeneous substance Co compositions consisting of carbon containing solid waste materials - 5 and solid carbon containing fuels at pressures of > 20 bar, characterized thereby that finely sprayed water is charged thus into the free space in the upper part of the reactor above the subsided charge counter to the flow direction of raw gas rising from the solid charge that the overall free cross-section of this space is uniformly covered with a fine spray of water for achieving an intensive reaction thereof with the raw gas rising out of the solid subsided charge and for reducing the temperature to < 700°C.
2. Method according to claim 1, characterized thereby that the water quantity required for the finely sprayed water is controlled by way of control fittings separately for each nozzle in accordance with output and temperature.
3. Method according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized thereby that the functional efficiency of the #@individual nozzles is established by way of the difference in pressure between the water pre-pressure and the gasifier pressure.
4. Arrangement for cooling raw gas in the reactor upper part of a slag bath gasifier having a charge chute for charging inhomogeneous substance compositions consistimg of carbon containing solid waste materials and solid carbon contai ning fuels at pressures of > 20 bar, characterized thereby that at the level at the lower edge of the charge chute several spray nozzles are distributed uniformly along the circumference of the reactor upper part in a horizontal plane such that their spray cones are directed towards the surface of the subsided charge. ] DrG Ref: 647814 —
5. Arrangement according to claim =4, characterized thereby that at least four spray nozzles are provide=d.
6. Arrangement according to claim 4 or claim 5, characterized thereby ) that the spray cone of each spray n ozzle equals > 90°. tr 5
7. Method for cooling raw gas in a gasifier substantially as hereinbefore described.
8. Arrangement for cooling raw gass in a gasifier substantially as hereinbefore described. Date: 26 October 2005 10 ~~ John Spic DR GERNTHOLTZ INC Patent Attorneys of Applicant(s) P O Box 8; Cape Town 8000; South Africa Union Road; Milnerton 7441; South Africa Tel: (021) 551 2650 Fax: (021) 551 2960 DrG Ref.: 647814 t:\files\14\647814\647814spec.doc DrG Ref: 647814 N
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005027024A DE102005027024B3 (en) | 2005-06-11 | 2005-06-11 | Prevention of coke-formation discharges in the heading section and at the raw gas outlet of a cinder bath carburetor, comprises filling raw gas in fine atomized water reactor and occurring an intensive reaction |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ZA200508675B true ZA200508675B (en) | 2006-07-26 |
Family
ID=36746196
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA200508675A ZA200508675B (en) | 2005-06-11 | 2005-10-26 | Method and arrangement for cooling the raw gas in the reactor upper part of a slag bath gasifier |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1876768A (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ2006226A3 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102005027024B3 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200508675B (en) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DD132980A1 (en) * | 1977-01-26 | 1978-11-22 | Guenter Scholz | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR REDUCING THE DUST CONSUMPTION OF FIXED GAS GENERATORS OF COAL GASIFICATION |
| DE19509570C2 (en) * | 1995-03-16 | 1997-01-16 | Schwarze Pumpe Energiewerke Ag | Process for pyrolysis and fixed-bed pressure gasification of carbonaceous substances |
| DE19509593C2 (en) * | 1995-03-16 | 1997-01-23 | Schwarze Pumpe Energiewerke Ag | Process for parking fixed-bed gasifiers |
| DE10330512B4 (en) * | 2003-07-05 | 2006-11-23 | Sustec Schwarze Pumpe Gmbh | Method and device for preventing deposits in raw gas feedthroughs |
| DE102004001708B4 (en) * | 2004-01-13 | 2006-09-21 | Sustec Schwarze Pumpe Gmbh | Process and apparatus for continuous feeding of fixed bed pressure gasification reactors |
-
2005
- 2005-06-11 DE DE102005027024A patent/DE102005027024B3/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-10-14 CN CN200510113659.9A patent/CN1876768A/en active Pending
- 2005-10-26 ZA ZA200508675A patent/ZA200508675B/en unknown
-
2006
- 2006-04-03 CZ CZ20060226A patent/CZ2006226A3/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CZ2006226A3 (en) | 2007-01-17 |
| DE102005027024B3 (en) | 2006-08-17 |
| CN1876768A (en) | 2006-12-13 |
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