ZA200204895B - Dextrose and insulin fluid formulation for intravenous infusion treatment. - Google Patents

Dextrose and insulin fluid formulation for intravenous infusion treatment. Download PDF

Info

Publication number
ZA200204895B
ZA200204895B ZA200204895A ZA200204895A ZA200204895B ZA 200204895 B ZA200204895 B ZA 200204895B ZA 200204895 A ZA200204895 A ZA 200204895A ZA 200204895 A ZA200204895 A ZA 200204895A ZA 200204895 B ZA200204895 B ZA 200204895B
Authority
ZA
South Africa
Prior art keywords
insulin
dext
glu
meq
cal
Prior art date
Application number
ZA200204895A
Inventor
T Gangal Hanamaraddi
Parag H Gangal
Madhumati H Gangal
Original Assignee
T Gangal Hanamaraddi
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by T Gangal Hanamaraddi filed Critical T Gangal Hanamaraddi
Publication of ZA200204895B publication Critical patent/ZA200204895B/en

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/045—Hydroxy compounds, e.g. alcohols; Salts thereof, e.g. alcoholates
    • A61K31/07—Retinol compounds, e.g. vitamin A
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/13—Amines
    • A61K31/14—Quaternary ammonium compounds, e.g. edrophonium, choline
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/16—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids
    • A61K31/164—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids of a carboxylic acid with an aminoalcohol, e.g. ceramides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
    • A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
    • A61K31/195—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
    • A61K31/197—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group the amino and the carboxyl groups being attached to the same acyclic carbon chain, e.g. gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA], beta-alanine, epsilon-aminocaproic acid or pantothenic acid
    • A61K31/198—Alpha-amino acids, e.g. alanine or edetic acid [EDTA]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
    • A61K31/35—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/352—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. methantheline 
    • A61K31/353—3,4-Dihydrobenzopyrans, e.g. chroman, catechin
    • A61K31/355—Tocopherols, e.g. vitamin E
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
    • A61K31/365—Lactones
    • A61K31/375—Ascorbic acid, i.e. vitamin C; Salts thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/4415—Pyridoxine, i.e. Vitamin B6
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/455—Nicotinic acids, e.g. niacin; Derivatives thereof, e.g. esters, amides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
    • A61K31/506—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
    • A61K31/51—Thiamines, e.g. vitamin B1
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
    • A61K31/519—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic rings
    • A61K31/525—Isoalloxazines, e.g. riboflavins, vitamin B2
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/59—Compounds containing 9, 10- seco- cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems
    • A61K31/593—9,10-Secocholestane derivatives, e.g. cholecalciferol, i.e. vitamin D3
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7004—Monosaccharides having only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7135—Compounds containing heavy metals
    • A61K31/714—Cobalamins, e.g. cyanocobalamin, i.e. vitamin B12
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/715—Polysaccharides, i.e. having more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ethers, esters
    • A61K31/726—Glycosaminoglycans, i.e. mucopolysaccharides
    • A61K31/727—Heparin; Heparan
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A61K33/04—Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A61K33/14—Alkali metal chlorides; Alkaline earth metal chlorides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A61K33/42—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/04—Peptides having up to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/05—Dipeptides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • A61K38/22—Hormones
    • A61K38/28—Insulins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/02—Inorganic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/26—Carbohydrates, e.g. sugar alcohols, amino sugars, nucleic acids, mono-, di- or oligo-saccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polysorbates, sorbitan fatty acid esters or glycyrrhizin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/16—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for liver or gallbladder disorders, e.g. hepatoprotective agents, cholagogues, litholytics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • A61P17/02—Drugs for dermatological disorders for treating wounds, ulcers, burns, scars, keloids, or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/02—Nutrients, e.g. vitamins, minerals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
    • A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P39/00—General protective or antinoxious agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P39/00—General protective or antinoxious agents
    • A61P39/02—Antidotes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
    • A61P7/02—Antithrombotic agents; Anticoagulants; Platelet aggregation inhibitors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Diabetes (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
  • Neurosurgery (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Obesity (AREA)
  • Endocrinology (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Oncology (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Psychiatry (AREA)
  • Communicable Diseases (AREA)

Description

DEXTROSE AND INSULIN FLUID FORMULATION FOR INTRAVENOUS INFUSION.
BY DRH.T.GANGAL, HOSUR, HUBLI. 580021. KARNATAKA. INDIA.
Patients receive intravenous fluids in the form of nutrients minerals vitamins antibiotics and other life . saving drugs in a number of clinical conditions. It is also reliable and effective means of providing them with predictable effects and minimum of inconvenience.
J This may be the only means of treatment feasible in many occasions as a measure of resuscitative procedure to revive the patients from critically ill state to a state of survival and back to normal life.
The presently available fluids are inadequate in all aspect except the water content of the need of the patient. They are hypotonic in effect even though they are isotonic when used in critical conditions. The author has been feeling, the needs of the patients under such circumstances by the presently infused fluids are hardly met. Thus putting the patient in a state of disadvantage to face the situation and to recover back to normal.
Preamble
With the development of science the desires and expectations of the patients keep on improving in terms of better results, at less cost, effort, and loss of working time, in previously treatable cases. And revival and prolongation of life when earlier they were not possible. Much has been achieved in these directions in medical science. As part of the treatment even today the intravenous infusions consist mainly water dextrose electrolytes. Subsequently the same route has been utilised for administration of antibiotics, proteins and lipid solutions along with many other soluble materials needed in particular instances.
The commonly used solutions are in packing of 500 ml in the form of 1. 5% Dextrose 2. 0.9% NaCl solutions 3. Ringers lactate solutions etc. All these have been used, as basic fluids when patient needed administration of therapeutic fluids and other ingredients. In certain special circumstances, fluids like 1. 10% Dextrose 2. 10% Dextrose in normal saline (0.9%) 3. 20-25% Dextrose 4. Dialysis fluids 5. Blood and blood components 6. Low Molecular Dextrans 7. Mannitol 8. Bulk form antibiotics and 9. Many other drugs have been used today. . Now, it appears evident that, we have been providing insufficient and inadequate calories; from limited sources of these needed calories by way of energy substrates. So also the electrolytes, vitamins and other , needed elements. This late awareness of inadequate knowledge on the needs of the treatment of stress, shock, and critical conditions has resulted in many centres to put up added attention and efforts to study and evaluate the effects. This effort has lead to more specific and allied in formations to be available, stressing the need 10 restore homeostasis towards normal, by restoring tissue perfusion and acid base balance towards normal. This will enable to improve the condition, to revive and restore normalcy, as has been stressed by the investigator. * The presently available fluids are 1. Unable to meet the calorie need of the patient. These needed calories require to originate from dextrose, ! aminoacids, and fats. 2. Unable to meet the electrolytes required by the patient, in terms of variety and quantity, 3. The body is unable to utilise, the energy substrate and electrolytes available, in view of high levels of catacholamines, along with qualitative and quantitative deficiency of insulin, and disturbed hormonal levels.
All these effects lead to a state of catabolism. Their consequential effects on the body are aptly described as a state of autocannibalism. We need to stop or prevent this from happening or continuing. This emphasises, the infusions to provide the needs of the body in terms of, calorie, electrolytes, vitamins and other essentials to enable and utilise to treat, improve, revive and restore normalcy. Prophylactic measures on this line of approach in expected situations like major operative procedures enable one to minimise the risks of the procedure considerably.
The fluids needed are broadly categorised for use to suit the various situations. They are to be in packing of 500 ml for calculations .The following abbreviations are used to denote the fluid and their possible place of use. G - Gangal, N - Non diabetic, D - Diabetic, E - Electrolytes, H - Heparin,
V - Vitamins, I — Insulin, where supplemental Potassium is added they are marked as K.
PL - Plain / Soluble bovine insulin or Potentially equivalent Human insulin preferred. Dext — Dextrose.
A.E — Actual electrolytes to replace the Extra cellular electrolytes, A.M - Actual electrolytes needed in
Maintenance solutions as are presently available, to be taken as 500 ml packing for values of their contents.
The fluids needed to treat patients who are said to be non-diabetic, as are known to day, are called
GN 1 containing the ingredients as stated in the abbreviated text form in the columns
TIO Oa 08m Cl Gl 0 Ke (7g) UPL
IR T0%Den 03a 0457 Gl Gl 4 ER Kl (503m) 1610 FL Ta 7 [OD ATS 0 sgm CGI mE Ke 07 gm) TUF ail
SOD ANS 04875 CGI TUBA Kel 075 gm) 16 UPL a [Se comm Gint lab Kaew S50 PL Ton
SK 20%Dext + 0.6875gm Cal Glu + 20 mEq Kcl (1.50 gm) + 32 IU PL Insulin £4
There could be / are occasions where electrolyte requirements could be higher. In such situation we need to provide higher doses in the form GN 2 - E Group of solutions
I LL. . [| os Ton Ea Gn Te mk KAS TGIF ok , [Rw AES 0h gn GG Em el 25g) 160 PL el [We iowa CGR Tene Kale +2010 FL Tole [bei gn Gal Gl ma Kl Lg UPL ol
SK [Woe isn Cala + Some Ke AS) FTP To
L
There could be / are occasions where Heparin may be required and can be added to GN 1 Group of Solutions. These fluids thus formed could be called as GN 3 - H Group of Solutions
EE A
10%Dext + 0.9%Nacl + 0.6875 gmCal Glu + 10 mEq Kcl (0.75 gm) + 16 IU PI Insulin
I = 10%Dext + 0.9%Nacl + 0.6875gm Cal Glu + 20 mEq Kel (1.50 gm) + 16 IU PI Insulin tn 2 10%Dext in A.E Sol + 0.6875 gmCal Glu + 10 mEq Kel (0.75 gm) + 16 IU P1 Insulin
I = 3 10%Dext in A.M.Sol + 0.6875 gmCal Glu + 10 mEq Kcl (0.75 gm) + 16 IU PI Insulin
I an == 15%Dext + 0.6875 gmCal Glu + 10 mEq Kel (0.75 gm) + 24 IU Pl Insulin
I = 20%Dex + 0.6875 gmCal Glu + 10 mEq Kel (0.75 gm) + 32 IU Pl Insulin
I = 20%Dext + 0.6875gm Cal Glu + 20 mEq Kcl (1.50 gm) + 32 IU PI Insulin
TTT ee
There could be / are occasions where Vitamins may be required and can be added to GN 1 Group of Solutions. These fluids thus formed could be called as GN 4 - V Group of Solutions 10%Dext + 0.9% Nacl + 0.6875gm Cal Glu + 10 mEq Kel (0.75 gm) + 16 IU Pi Insulin [4
1K 10%Dext + 0.9%Nacl + 0.6875gm Cal Glu +20 mEq Kecl (1.50 gm) + 16 IU PI Insulin
BN Vitamins A, D,E, B-comp,C, CC, DL-M, 1 2 10%Dext in A.E Sol + 0.6875gm Cal Glu + 10 mEq Kcl (0.75 gm) "+16 IU PI Insulin
BN Vitamins A,D, E, B-comp,C, CC, DIL-M, 1 3 10%Dext in A.M.Sol + 0.6875gm Cal Glu + 10 mEq Kcl (0.75 gm) + 16 IU Pl Insulin
I ee ) 15% Dext + 0.6875gm Cal Glu + 10 mEq Kcl (0.75 gm) + 24 IU Pl Insulin en aon vem cmon 20%Dext + 0.6875gm Cal Glu + 10 mEq Kcl (0.75 gm) + 32 IU Pl Insulin ann remem 20%Dext + 0.6875gm Cal Glu +20 mEq Kcl (1.50 gm) + 32 IU Pl Insulin "ave vem cnr
There could be / are occasions where electrolyte requirements could be higher along with the need of Heparin. In such situation we need to provide these doses in the form of GN 5 — EH group of solutions.
I I... I 10%Dext + 0.9%Nacl + 1.032gm Cal Glu + 15 mEq Kcl (1.125 gm) + 16 IU PL Insulin mE in 10% Dext + 0.9%Nacl + 1.032gm Cal Glu + 20 mEq Kcl (1.500 gm) + 16 IU PL Insulin
Cr emtewen 10%Dext in A.E Sol + 1.032gm Cal Glu + 15 mEq Kel (1.125 gm) + 16 IU PL Insulin
EE mn 3 10%Dext in A.M.Sol + 1.032gm Cal Glu + 10 mEq Kel (0.750 gm) + 16 IU PL Insulin re —————— 15% Dext + 1.032gm Cal Glu + 15 mEq Kel (1.125 gm) + 24 IU PL Insulin
I
20%Dext + 1.032gm Cal Glu + 15 mEq Kael (1.125 gm) + 32 IU PL Insulin
CT em 20% Dext + 1.032gm Cal Glu +20 mEq Kcl (1.50 gm) + 32 IU PL Insulin
CT
) There could be / are occasions where requirements could be the need of additional electrolytes and also Vitamin along with GN 1 Solutions. In such situation we need to provide these doses in the form , of GN 6 — EV group of solutions
Srano | GN6-EV 1 10%Dext + 0.9%Nacl + 1.032 gm Cal Glu + 15 mEq Kel (1.125 gm) + 16 IU PL Insulin
Rr 1K 10%Dext + 0.9%Nacl +1.032gm Cal Glu + 20 mEq Kel (1.500 gm) + 16 IU PL Insulin
CL fe me cn 2 10%Dext in A.E Sol + 1.032 gm Cal Glu + 15 mEq Kcl (1.125 gm) + 16 IU PL Insulin ’ BB Vitamins A, D,E, B-comp,C, CC, DL-M, I 3 10%Dext in A.M.Sol + 1.032 gm Cal Giu + 10 mEq Kcl (0.750 gm) + 16 IU PL Insulin
I
15%Dext + 1.032 gm C al Glu + 15 mEq Kel (1.125 gm) + 24 IU PL Insulin er ann vem cco 20% Dext + 1.032 gm Cal Glu + 15 mEq Kcl (1.125 gm) + 32 IU PL Insulin le on vem cco 20% Dext +1.032gm Cal Glu + 20 mEq Kcl (1.500 gm) + 32 IU PL Insulin
Je
There could be / are occasions where requirements could be the need of, Heparin and also Vitamins along with GN 1 Solutions. In such situation we need to provide these doses in the form of
GN 7 — HV group of solutions
Ew WW 10% Dext + 0.9% Nacl + 0.6875 gm Cal Glu + 10 mEq Kel (0.75 gm) + 16 IU PL Insulin ve tan meme coms tiie 10% Dext + 0.9% Nacl + 0.6875 gm Cal Glu + 20 mEq Kel (1.50 gm) + 16 IU PL Insulin
IRE Ce 10%Dext in A.E Sol + 0.6875 gm Cal Glu + 10 mEq Kcl (0.75 gm) + 16 IU PL Insulin ve nn me comnr wien 3 10%Dext in A.M.Sol + 0.6875 gm Cal Glu + 10 mEq Kel (0.75 gm) + 16 IU PL Insulin. ee a em nt in 15% Dext + 0.6875 gm Cal Glu + 10 mEq Kc! (0.75 gm) + 24 TU PL Insulin
Ce ane mms comms non 20%Dext + 0.6875 gm Cal Glu + 10 mEq Kel (0.75 gm) + 32 IU PL Insulin em ann ve cru me 5K 20%Dext + 0.6875gm Cal Glu + 20 mEq Kel (1.50 gm) + 32 IU PL Insulin
Re ee ee
There could be / are occasions where requirements could be the need of higher amounts of
Electrolytes, Heparin and also Vitamins along with GN 1 Solutions. In such situation we need to provide these doses in the form of GN 8 — EHV group of solutions
J i A A ‘ 10%Dext + 0.9%Nacl + 1.032 gm Cal Glu + 15 mEq Kel (1.125 gm) + 16 IU PL Insulin
LE
10%Dext + 0.9%Nacl + 1.032 gm Cal Glu + 20 mEq Kel (1.500 gm) + 16 IU PL Insulin a 10%Dext in A.E Sol + 1.032 gm Cal Glu + 15 mEq Kcl (1.125 gm) + 16 IU PL Insulin ne ea 3 10%Dext in A.M.Sol + 1.032 gm Cal Glu + 10 mEq Kcl (0.750 gm) + 16 IU PL Insalin
Ie 15%Dext + 1.032 gm Cal Glu + 15 mEq Kcl (1.125 gm) + 24 IU PL Insulin
IE ae 20% Dext +1.032 gm Cal Glu + 15 mEq Kcl (1.125 gm) + 32 IU PL Insulin
CE ne en 20% Dext + 1.032 gm Cal Glu + 20 mEq Kcl (1.500 gm) + 32 IU PLInsulin
IE pa
The use of GN 1 fluids in treating manifest diabetic cases, the need of insulin will be definitely more. Hence additional quantity of insulin is added to this group of solutions called GD 9. Sz.no0 | ~~ GDY
TT TORDe ES OT gm Cl GI 0 Ka 7g 200 FL 10%Dext in A.E Sol + 0.6875 gm Cal Glu + 10 mEq Kcl (0.75 gm) + 20 IU PL Insulin [Se TOW CG TORR Ka 07 gm 0 PL nl [Wher w0aen Cal Gl TIOmENKe 07 gm FIO PL rn
I [Mer ues en Ca Gn ma Ka St 0 PL
There could be/are occasions where electrolyte requirements could be higher than in GD 9 solutions ! In such situation we need to provide higher doses to provide tenth group solutions called GD 10.-E
I Tobe Gia LSE gm Ca Gl Kl SIP ln
TOD Gia 05% gm Co Gl 0 Kl 50 0 TCP
TOD AE 1052 gm Cl Gn 15m Ke 05 gm) 0 UPL
I Se RL) [De sh am Gal Gn 30m Rel 30 gm) 0 OTL i
There could be / are occasions where Heparin may be required and can be added to GD 9 Group of
Solutions. These fluids thus formed could be called as GD 11 - H Group of Solutions i |. 10%Dext + 0. 9%Nacl + 0.6875 gm Cal Glu + 10 mEq Kel (0.75 gm) + 20 IU PL Insulin
I
10%Dext + 0.9%Nacl + 0.6875 gm Cal Glu + 20 mEq Kel (1.50 gm) + 20 IU PL Insulin :
I
2 10%Dext in A.E Sol + 0.6875 gm Cal Glu + 10 mEq Kcl (0.75 gm) + 20 IU PL Insulin
I = 3 10%Dext in A.M.Sol + 0.6875 gm Cal Glu + 10 mEq Kel (0.75 gm) + 20 IU PL Insulin sw 15% Dext + 0.6875 gm Cal Glu + 10 mEq Kel (0.75 gm) + 30 TU PL Insulin
I a 20% Dext + 0.6875 gm Cal Glu + 10 mEq Kel (0.75 gm) + 40 IU PL Insulin
Tr [————— 20%Dext + 0.6875 gm Cal Glu + 20 mEq Kel (1.50 gm) + 40 IU PL Insulin
I =
There could be / are occasions where Vitamins may be required and can be added to GD 9 Group of Solutions. These fluids thus formed could be called as GD 12 - ¥ Group of Solutions
Em av 10%Dex + 0.9% Nacl + 0.6875 gm Cal Glu + 10 mEq Kcl (0.75 gm) + 20 IU PL Insulin
Se nn wm cmon \ 10%Dex + 0.9%Nacl + 0.6875 gm Cal Glu + 20 mEq Kel (1.50 gm) + 20 IU PL Insulin fn me cemnr . 10%Dex in A.E Sol + 0.6875 gm Cal Glu + 10 mEq Kcl (0.75 gm) + 20 IU PL Insulin
[Vem ADE emo _GobLwi 3 10%Dex in A.M.Sol + 0.6875 gm Cal Glu + 10 mEq Kcl (0.75 gm) + 20 IU PL Insulin
Iv 15% Dex + 0.6875 gm Cal Glu + 10 mEq Kcl (0.75 gm) + 30 IU PL Insulin
BI El 20% Dex + 0.6875 gm Cal Glu + 10 mEq Kcl (0.75 gm) + 40 IU PL Insulin
Se a 20% Dex + 0.6875 gm Cal Glu +20 mEq Kcl (1.50 gm) + 40 IU PL Insulin
I i
There could be / are occasions where electrolyte requirements could be higher along with the need of Heparin. In such situation we need to provide these doses in the form of GD 13 — EH group of solutions id EL... SR 10%Dext + 0.9% Nacl + 1.032 gm Cal Glu + 15 mEq Kel (1.125 gm) + 20 IU PL Insulin mE am 10%Dext + 0.9%Nacl + 1.032 gm Cal Glu + 20 mEq Kel (1.500 gm) + 20 TU PL Insulin rT ———"——— 2 10%Dext in A.E Sol + 1.032 gm Cal Glu + 15 mEq Kcl (1.125 gm) + 20 IU PL Insulin nme 3 10%Dext in A.M.Sol + 1.032 gm Cal Glu + 10 mEq Kel (0.750 gm) + 20 IU PL Insulin
I
15%Dext + 1.032 gm Cal Glu + 15 mEq Kel (1.125 gm) + 30 IU PL Insulin
I = 20% Dext + 1.032 gm Cal Glu + 15 mEq Kcl (1.125 gm) + 40 IU PL Insulin
CT ew 20% Dext + 1.032 gm Cal Glu + 20 mEq Kecl (1.500 gm) + 40 IU PL Insulin fe ——————
The GD 9 solutions are supplemented with Electrolytes and Vitamins to gain GD 14 — EV solutions.
Rc IL... \ A
RT Se vss vr
Vitamins A, D,E, B-comp, C, CC, DL-M, 1 . 10%Dext + 0.9%Nacl + 1.032 gm Cal Glu + 20 mEq Kcl (1.500 gm) + 20 IU PL Insulin
ST eet sve
2 10%Dext in A.E Sel + 1.032 gm Cal Glu + 15 mEq Kel (1.125 gm) + 20 IU PL Insulin nvm cw 3 10%Dext in A.M.Sol + 1.032 gm Cal Glu + 10 mEq Kcl (0.750 gm) + 20 IU PL Insulin ve ann vem cw 15% Dext + 1.032 gm Cal Glu + 15 mEq Kel (1.125 gm) + 30 IU PL Insulin
Vitamins A,D,E, B-comp, C, CC,DL-M, 1 ’ 20%Dext + 1.032 gm Cal Glu + 15 mEq Kel (1.125 gm) + 40 IU PL Insulin em ann vem conn 20% Dext + 1.032 gm Cal Glu + 20 mEq Kel (1.500 gm) + 40 IU PL Insulin ann meee
The GD 9 group of fluids is supplemented with Heparin and Vitamins. They provide GD I15- HV group of solutions.
FE mmav 10%Dext + 0.9% Nacl + 0.6875 gm CalGlu + 10 mEq Kecl (0.75 gm) + 20 IU PL Insulin mn Car me cemt nms 10%Dext + 0.9% Nacl + 0.6875 gm CalGlu + 20 mEq Kcl (1.50 gm) + 20 IU PL Insulin a or me comms amas 2 10%Dext in ALE Sel + 0.6875 gm CalGlu + 10 mEq Kcl (0.75 gm) + 20 ITU PL Insulin
IES ev 3 10%Dext in A.M.Sol + 0.6875 gm CalGlu + 10 mEq Kcl (0.75 gm) + 20 IU PL Insulin. e han bem ccm mma 15%Dext + 0.6875 gm CalGlu + 10 mEq Kecl (0.75 gm) + 30 TU PL Insulin ln ann vem comnts 20% Dext + 0.6875 gm CalGlu + 10 mEq Kel (0.75 gm) + 40 IU PL Insulin ln ann rm cms enna 20% Dext + 0.6875 gm CalGlu + 20 mEq Kcl (1.50 gm) + 40 IU PL Insulin
J Ee er ee
The GD 9 combination fluids are supplemented with Electrolytes, Heparin and Vitamins. These fluids form the GD 16 — EHV. Group of solutions : | __________Svwe-EWwV 10%Dext i 0.9% Nacl + 1.032 gmCal Glu + 15 mEq Kcl (1.125 gm) + 20 IU PL Insulin en Sa me nn om [OR a i mal G20 ma Ke (500g) + TUF a

Claims (1)

  1. We Claim
    A. Dextrose and Insulin fluid formulation for intravenous infusion treatment comprises a formulation having synergistic interaction.
    ! B. It contains
    1. Water, the main media, 500-m}. 2. Dextrose 10% to 20%
    3. Insulin 0.32 to 0.40. [.U, /Gm of Dextrose 4. Sodium Chloride (NaCl) 0 to 4.5Gms
    S. Calcium Gluconate 0.6875 to 1.375Gms 6. Potassium Chloride (KCI) 0 to 1.5 Gms
    7. Sodium Acetate 0 to 3.2 Gms 8. Sodium Citrate 0 to 375 mgm
    9. Calcium Chloride 0 to 260 mgm 10. Magnesium chloride 0 to 155 mgm
    11. Sodium Meta-Bisulphite 0 to 105 mgm 12. Dibasic Potassium Phosphate 0 to 0.65 Gms
    C. Vitamins I.P.
    13. Vitamin A 0t0 40001 U 14. Thiamine Hydrochloride I.P. 0 to 50 mg
    15. Pyridoxine Hydrochloride I.P. 0 to 6 mg 16. Riboflavin Sodium Phosphate 0 to 6
    17. Nicotinamide I.P. 0 to 50 mg 18. D.Pantothenol LLP. 0 to 10 mg
    19. Vitamin B12 LP 0 to 15 mcg 20. Ascorbic acid IP 0 to 200 mg
    21. Cholecalciferol Lp. 0 to 300 TU 22 Alpha Tocoferil Acetate [.P. 0 to 2 mg
    23. Choline chloride 0 to 5 mg 24. Di-methionine 0 to 5 mg
    25. Inositol 0 to 3 mg
    D. Heparin 0 to 1000 JU The above claims A, B, C and D enable me to claim further that these fluids are effective in treating the conditions stated above. The above formulations have proved effective all along for use on immediate use of their formulation. In case there is going to be problem of stability of the formulation, they will necessarily be put in combination (separate) packages suitable for mixing immediately prior to its use.
ZA200204895A 1999-11-15 2002-06-14 Dextrose and insulin fluid formulation for intravenous infusion treatment. ZA200204895B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IN1106MA1999 1999-11-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
ZA200204895B true ZA200204895B (en) 2003-02-12

Family

ID=11096775

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
ZA200204895A ZA200204895B (en) 1999-11-15 2002-06-14 Dextrose and insulin fluid formulation for intravenous infusion treatment.

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1231907A2 (en)
JP (1) JP2003514014A (en)
CN (1) CN1284522C (en)
AU (1) AU779798C (en)
RU (1) RU2300367C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2001035943A2 (en)
ZA (1) ZA200204895B (en)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB0212405D0 (en) * 2002-05-29 2002-07-10 Insignion Holdings Ltd Composition and its therapeutic use
ZA200610628B (en) * 2005-12-19 2008-06-25 Ernst Johanna Catarina Composition for diagnosing and treating circulatory system diseases
JP6322642B2 (en) 2012-11-13 2018-05-09 アドシア Fast-acting insulin preparation containing a substituted anionic compound
RU2546286C2 (en) * 2013-06-07 2015-04-10 Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт крахмалопродуктов" Pharmaceutical substance and method of obtaining thereof
TW201630622A (en) 2014-12-16 2016-09-01 美國禮來大藥廠 Rapid-acting insulin compositions
JO3749B1 (en) 2015-08-27 2021-01-31 Lilly Co Eli Rapid-acting insulin compositions
NZ758298A (en) 2017-06-01 2022-11-25 Lilly Co Eli Rapid-acting insulin compositions

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1982003773A1 (en) * 1981-04-27 1982-11-11 Baxter Travenol Lab Dialysis solution containing glucose,amino acids & insulin
SE502414C2 (en) * 1990-05-28 1995-10-16 Ljungqvist Olle Medical Ab Use of glucose for preparation of solution for preoperative administration and infusion solution therefore
US5449522A (en) * 1993-08-24 1995-09-12 Hill; Albert F. Pharmaceutical composition for immunoenhancement therapy

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RU2002116377A (en) 2004-01-27
RU2300367C2 (en) 2007-06-10
AU779798C (en) 2005-11-17
AU779798B2 (en) 2005-02-10
CN1390118A (en) 2003-01-08
WO2001035943A3 (en) 2002-03-21
EP1231907A2 (en) 2002-08-21
CN1284522C (en) 2006-11-15
WO2001035943A2 (en) 2001-05-25
AU3048901A (en) 2001-05-30
JP2003514014A (en) 2003-04-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Kumar et al. Vitamin D supplementation and recombinant human erythropoietin utilization in vitamin D-deficient hemodialysis patients
Ziegler et al. CURE OF BURKITT'S LYMPHOMA Ten-year Follow-up of 157 Ugandan Patients
JPH0534337B2 (en)
Blumenreich et al. High‐dose cisplatin in patients with advanced malignancies
Rindone et al. Warfarin-cranberry juice interaction resulting in profound hypoprothrombinemia and bleeding
ZA200204895B (en) Dextrose and insulin fluid formulation for intravenous infusion treatment.
Anderson et al. Ifosfamide extrapyramidal neurotoxicity
Koiwa et al. Long-term assessment of the safety and efficacy of PA21 (sucroferric oxyhydroxide) in Japanese hemodialysis patients with hyperphosphatemia: an open-label, multicenter, phase III study
CN104736161B (en) Preparation and method for preventing and treating atypical osteoporosis
Targher Pasireotide in Cushing’s disease
Bergqvist et al. Local inhibition of the fibrinolytic system in patients with massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage
Atabek et al. Oral alendronate therapy for severe vitamin D intoxication of the infant with nephrocalcinosis
BRPI0915744A2 (en) nutrient composition, dosage form and method of use
Paciucci et al. Mitoxantrone and constant infusion etoposide for relapsed and refractory acute myelocytic leukemia
JP2003506408A (en) Formulations for parenteral use of estramustine phosphate and albumin
Rebibou et al. Combined Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy for Esophageal Carcinoma in a Hemodialyzed Patient: Long-Term Survival
JP2003509356A (en) Formulations for parenteral use of estramustine phosphate and sulfoalkyl ether cyclodextrin
Marcus Safety of drugs commonly used to treat hypertension, dyslipidemia, and Type 2 diabetes (the metabolic syndrome): part 2
Hainsworth et al. Docetaxel (Taxotere) in combination with radiation therapy and the potential of weekly administration in elderly and/or poor performance status patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Burrowes et al. The role of pharmaceutical agents in appetite stimulation in patients with end-stage renal disease
Auerbach Clinical experience with intravenous iron
Morales-Borges et al. Iron deficiency anemia in the 21st century: why is still too prevalent and what we can do as treatment
Baker et al. Phase I and II Evaluation of Cytembena in Disseminated Epithelial Ovarian Cancers and Sarcomas¹, 2
US20130316965A1 (en) Idrabiotaparinux for the treatment of pulmonary embolism and for the secondary prevention of venous thromboembolic events
Godinjak et al. Targeted temperature management after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in three young patients.