ZA200103167B - Reactor distribution apparatus and quench zone mixing apparatus. - Google Patents
Reactor distribution apparatus and quench zone mixing apparatus. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ZA200103167B ZA200103167B ZA200103167A ZA200103167A ZA200103167B ZA 200103167 B ZA200103167 B ZA 200103167B ZA 200103167 A ZA200103167 A ZA 200103167A ZA 200103167 A ZA200103167 A ZA 200103167A ZA 200103167 B ZA200103167 B ZA 200103167B
- Authority
- ZA
- South Africa
- Prior art keywords
- swirl chamber
- fluid
- mixing apparatus
- riser
- cap
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 title claims description 128
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 title claims description 109
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 title claims description 109
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 233
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 109
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 41
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 32
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 19
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 15
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011067 equilibration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 e.g. Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102220352372 c.148T>G Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000005465 channeling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000021715 photosynthesis, light harvesting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
- B01D3/14—Fractional distillation or use of a fractionation or rectification column
- B01D3/16—Fractionating columns in which vapour bubbles through liquid
- B01D3/18—Fractionating columns in which vapour bubbles through liquid with horizontal bubble plates
- B01D3/20—Bubble caps; Risers for vapour; Discharge pipes for liquid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/10—Mixing by creating a vortex flow, e.g. by tangential introduction of flow components
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/40—Static mixers
- B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
- B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
- B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
- B01F25/4316—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor the baffles being flat pieces of material, e.g. intermeshing, fixed to the wall or fixed on a central rod
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/0278—Feeding reactive fluids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
- B01J8/0492—Feeding reactive fluids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00327—Controlling the temperature by direct heat exchange
- B01J2208/00336—Controlling the temperature by direct heat exchange adding a temperature modifying medium to the reactants
- B01J2208/00353—Non-cryogenic fluids
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/177,079 US6098965A (en) | 1996-06-04 | 1998-10-23 | Reactor distribution apparatus and quench zone mixing apparatus |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ZA200103167B true ZA200103167B (en) | 2002-07-18 |
Family
ID=22647109
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA200103167A ZA200103167B (en) | 1998-10-23 | 2001-04-18 | Reactor distribution apparatus and quench zone mixing apparatus. |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (4) | US6098965A (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1152820B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE366618T1 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU1320700A (de) |
| CA (2) | CA2255371C (de) |
| DE (1) | DE69936541T2 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2291045T3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2000024505A1 (de) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200103167B (de) |
Families Citing this family (60)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6881387B1 (en) * | 1996-06-04 | 2005-04-19 | Fluor Corporation | Reactor distribution apparatus and quench zone mixing apparatus |
| US6098965A (en) * | 1996-06-04 | 2000-08-08 | Fluor Corporation | Reactor distribution apparatus and quench zone mixing apparatus |
| US7125006B2 (en) * | 2000-12-21 | 2006-10-24 | Fluor Technologies Corporation | Methods and apparatus for mixing fluids |
| US20020175427A1 (en) * | 2000-12-21 | 2002-11-28 | Fluor Corporation | Methods and apparatus for mixing fluids |
| WO2002051530A1 (en) * | 2000-12-21 | 2002-07-04 | Fluor Corporation | Methods and apparatus for mixing fluids |
| WO2002085504A1 (en) * | 2001-04-24 | 2002-10-31 | Fluor Corporation | Methods and apparatus for mixing fluids |
| FR2832075B1 (fr) * | 2001-11-09 | 2005-02-04 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Dispositif de distribution d'un melange polyphasique sur un lit de solide granulaire comportant un element brise jet poreux a rebords |
| US7017514B1 (en) * | 2001-12-03 | 2006-03-28 | Novellus Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for plasma optimization in water processing |
| KR100473641B1 (ko) * | 2002-06-03 | 2005-03-10 | 한국지질자원연구원 | 폐리튬이온전지로부터의 리튬코발트 산화물 회수장치 및방법 |
| US7276215B2 (en) * | 2002-11-08 | 2007-10-02 | Morten Muller Ltd. Aps | Mixing device for two-phase concurrent vessels |
| CN100548426C (zh) * | 2004-01-15 | 2009-10-14 | 赫多特普索化工设备公司 | 汽-液分配盘 |
| US7473405B2 (en) * | 2004-10-13 | 2009-01-06 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Fluid distribution apparatus for downflow multibed poly-phase catalytic reactor |
| US7523923B2 (en) * | 2006-04-18 | 2009-04-28 | Shell Oil Company | Fluid distribution tray and method for the distribution of a highly dispersed fluid across a bed of contact material |
| WO2009021148A1 (en) * | 2007-08-07 | 2009-02-12 | Nathaniel Hughes | Hughes molecular mixer and catalytic reactor |
| US7749467B2 (en) * | 2007-12-18 | 2010-07-06 | Uop Llc | Optimizer hydraulic enhancement using milled plate |
| US8181942B2 (en) * | 2008-06-26 | 2012-05-22 | Uop Llc | Liquid redistribution device for multibed reactors |
| US8177198B2 (en) * | 2008-06-26 | 2012-05-15 | Uop Llc | Quench zone design using spray nozzles |
| US7901641B2 (en) * | 2008-07-22 | 2011-03-08 | Uop Llc | Sprayer for at least one fluid |
| US8921627B2 (en) * | 2008-12-12 | 2014-12-30 | Uop Llc | Production of diesel fuel from biorenewable feedstocks using non-flashing quench liquid |
| CN102458626B (zh) * | 2009-04-29 | 2014-07-16 | Amt国际有限公司 | 用于气液接触塔的蒸汽分配器 |
| US8268049B2 (en) | 2010-03-31 | 2012-09-18 | Uop Llc | Vapor-liquid contacting apparatuses having a secondary absorption zone with vortex contacting stages |
| US8202498B2 (en) * | 2010-07-19 | 2012-06-19 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Multiphase contact and distribution apparatus for hydroprocessing |
| US8372354B2 (en) | 2010-07-19 | 2013-02-12 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Multiphase contact and distribution apparatus for hydroprocessing |
| US8900443B2 (en) | 2011-04-07 | 2014-12-02 | Uop Llc | Method for multi-staged hydroprocessing using quench liquid |
| DE102011117588A1 (de) * | 2011-11-03 | 2013-05-08 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Einrichtung zur Herstellung eines Phasenkontaktes zwischen einer flüssigen und einer gasförmigen Phase, insbesondere Stoffaustauschkolonne |
| US9636654B2 (en) * | 2012-02-28 | 2017-05-02 | Phillips 66 Company | Modifying flow of a reactor inlet distributor |
| FR2989006B1 (fr) | 2012-04-04 | 2016-11-18 | Ifp Energies Now | Reacteur catalytique avec dispositif de trempe muni d'une injection tangentielle d'un fluide de trempe |
| RU2511815C1 (ru) * | 2012-12-11 | 2014-04-10 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Казанский национальный исследовательский технический университет им. А.Н. Туполева-КАИ" (КНИТУ-КАИ) | Теплообменник-реактор |
| DE102013202544B4 (de) | 2013-02-18 | 2020-08-13 | Leibniz-Institut Für Festkörper- Und Werkstoffforschung Dresden E.V. | Dispergatoren und verfahren zur abwasseraufbereitung |
| EA034637B1 (ru) | 2013-02-19 | 2020-03-02 | Мортен Мюллер Лтд. Апс | Смешивающее устройство с тангенциальными впусками для емкостей с двухфазным потоком |
| FR3006607B1 (fr) * | 2013-06-11 | 2016-10-07 | Axens | Dispositif de distribution d'un fluide |
| US9566559B2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2017-02-14 | Uop Llc | Fluid distribution device and method for multibed reactors |
| US9321022B2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2016-04-26 | Uop Llc | Fluid mixing and distribution device and method for multibed reactors |
| US9321023B2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2016-04-26 | Uop Llc | Fluid mixing and distribution device and method for multibed reactors |
| EP3013467B1 (de) * | 2013-06-28 | 2018-01-31 | Uop Llc | Flüssigkeitsverteilungsvorrichtung und -verfahren für mehrbettreaktoren |
| US9295959B2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2016-03-29 | Uop Llc | Fluid distribution device and method for multibed reactors |
| US9211516B2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2015-12-15 | Uop Llc | Fluid distribution device for multibed reactors |
| US10406497B2 (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2019-09-10 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Reactor bed vessel and support assembly |
| WO2016138995A1 (de) * | 2015-03-05 | 2016-09-09 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Tragsammler für eine packungssäule |
| EP3285901B1 (de) * | 2015-04-24 | 2024-08-14 | Evoqua Water Technologies LLC | Strukturen zur normalisierung einer multiplanaren strömungsverteilung in einem elektrochemischen trennsystem |
| CN107530670B (zh) | 2015-06-25 | 2021-02-02 | 环球油品公司 | 用于反应器的锥形管道 |
| KR101977810B1 (ko) * | 2015-08-28 | 2019-05-13 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 분배기 및 이를 포함하는 하강류 촉매 반응기 |
| CN105363236A (zh) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-03-02 | 南通山剑防腐科技有限公司 | 一种高效节能泡罩塔 |
| CN108779961B (zh) * | 2016-03-16 | 2020-05-29 | 林德股份公司 | 螺旋盘管式热交换器 |
| CN105921078B (zh) * | 2016-05-31 | 2018-04-27 | 兰州兰石集团有限公司 | 旋流碎流式冷氢箱 |
| JP2019531882A (ja) | 2016-09-01 | 2019-11-07 | シェブロン ユー．エス．エー． インコーポレイテッド | ダウンフロー型水素化処理反応器のための改良された混合デバイス |
| EP3541504B1 (de) * | 2016-11-16 | 2024-06-12 | Topsoe A/S | Katalytischer mehrbett-reaktor mit einer mischvorrichtung |
| PL3600707T3 (pl) * | 2017-04-24 | 2021-11-22 | Manik Ventures Limited | Aparat do recyklingu materiałów |
| US10828616B2 (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2020-11-10 | Uop Llc | Methods and apparatus for fluid contacting in a downflow vessel |
| SA118400251B1 (ar) * | 2018-02-23 | 2021-12-06 | انديان اويل كوربوريشن ليمتد | توزيع مُحسّن لخليط مائع متعدد الأطوار |
| CN111601917B (zh) | 2018-08-21 | 2022-11-04 | Lg化学株式会社 | 分散装置和包含该分散装置的消泡装置 |
| CN111013495B (zh) * | 2018-10-10 | 2022-03-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 多段固定床反应器的段间进料结构、多段固定床反应器及其应用 |
| US10589244B1 (en) | 2019-02-07 | 2020-03-17 | Uop Llc | Hydroprocessing reactor internals having reduced height |
| US10668442B1 (en) * | 2019-02-07 | 2020-06-02 | Uop Llc | Hydroprocessing reactor internals having reduced height |
| FI130965B1 (fi) * | 2019-02-14 | 2024-06-19 | Neste Oyj | Fluidisekoitin ja menetelmä fluidien sekoittamiseksi |
| US11298670B2 (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2022-04-12 | Uop Llc | Compact quench zone reactor internals |
| CN111536538B (zh) * | 2020-04-26 | 2022-03-29 | 温州宏泽热电股份有限公司 | 一种锅炉输灰系统 |
| US11207650B1 (en) | 2020-09-30 | 2021-12-28 | Uop Llc | Hydroprocessing reactor internals having reduced height |
| CN113731266B (zh) * | 2021-08-10 | 2023-10-24 | 良德纳米粉体创新科技(安徽)有限公司 | 高包覆率碳酸钙粉体改性装置及其方法 |
| WO2024126367A1 (en) * | 2022-12-13 | 2024-06-20 | Topsoe A/S | Multiple-bed catalytic reactor comprising a distribution device |
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| DE210549C (de) * | ||||
| AT92960B (de) * | 1922-02-14 | 1923-06-11 | Josef Ondracek | Selbsttätige Abschlußvorrichtung für die Kapselböden von Rektifizierkolonnen. |
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| US2084726A (en) * | 1936-03-23 | 1937-06-22 | Standard Oil Co California | Bubble cap |
| DE739358C (de) * | 1941-06-18 | 1943-09-22 | Hugo Ibing Fa | Einrichtung zur Befestigung von Tauchglocken fuer Destillationsapparate |
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| AU694850B2 (en) * | 1995-03-31 | 1998-07-30 | Koch (Cyprus) Limited | Multi-downcomer high performance tray assembly |
| US5989502A (en) * | 1996-06-04 | 1999-11-23 | Fluor Corporation | Reactor distribution apparatus and quench zone mixing apparatus |
| US6098965A (en) * | 1996-06-04 | 2000-08-08 | Fluor Corporation | Reactor distribution apparatus and quench zone mixing apparatus |
-
1998
- 1998-10-23 US US09/177,079 patent/US6098965A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-12-09 CA CA002255371A patent/CA2255371C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-10-21 AT AT99956649T patent/ATE366618T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-10-21 ES ES99956649T patent/ES2291045T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-21 AU AU13207/00A patent/AU1320700A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-10-21 EP EP99956649A patent/EP1152820B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-21 WO PCT/US1999/024920 patent/WO2000024505A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1999-10-21 DE DE69936541T patent/DE69936541T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-21 CA CA002347355A patent/CA2347355C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-06-16 US US09/595,092 patent/US6508459B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-06-16 US US09/595,217 patent/US6338828B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-04-18 ZA ZA200103167A patent/ZA200103167B/en unknown
- 2001-11-30 US US10/000,867 patent/US6984365B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE366618T1 (de) | 2007-08-15 |
| CA2347355A1 (en) | 2000-05-04 |
| US20020039547A1 (en) | 2002-04-04 |
| ES2291045T3 (es) | 2008-02-16 |
| WO2000024505A1 (en) | 2000-05-04 |
| AU1320700A (en) | 2000-05-15 |
| CA2255371A1 (en) | 2000-04-23 |
| US6984365B2 (en) | 2006-01-10 |
| DE69936541D1 (de) | 2007-08-23 |
| US6508459B1 (en) | 2003-01-21 |
| US6098965A (en) | 2000-08-08 |
| EP1152820A4 (de) | 2004-09-15 |
| DE69936541T2 (de) | 2008-03-20 |
| EP1152820A1 (de) | 2001-11-14 |
| EP1152820B1 (de) | 2007-07-11 |
| CA2255371C (en) | 2006-08-22 |
| US6338828B1 (en) | 2002-01-15 |
| CA2347355C (en) | 2004-06-01 |
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