WO2026006972A1 - 一种步进电机 - Google Patents

一种步进电机

Info

Publication number
WO2026006972A1
WO2026006972A1 PCT/CN2024/103049 CN2024103049W WO2026006972A1 WO 2026006972 A1 WO2026006972 A1 WO 2026006972A1 CN 2024103049 W CN2024103049 W CN 2024103049W WO 2026006972 A1 WO2026006972 A1 WO 2026006972A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
claw pole
assembly
claw
housing
stepper motor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2024/103049
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
毛路斌
章统
宋威
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AAC Microtech Changzhou Co Ltd
Original Assignee
AAC Microtech Changzhou Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by AAC Microtech Changzhou Co Ltd filed Critical AAC Microtech Changzhou Co Ltd
Priority to PCT/CN2024/103049 priority Critical patent/WO2026006972A1/zh
Priority to US18/984,921 priority patent/US20260012068A1/en
Publication of WO2026006972A1 publication Critical patent/WO2026006972A1/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K37/00—Motors with rotor rotating step by step and without interrupter or commutator driven by the rotor, e.g. stepping motors
    • H02K37/10—Motors with rotor rotating step by step and without interrupter or commutator driven by the rotor, e.g. stepping motors of permanent magnet type
    • H02K37/12—Motors with rotor rotating step by step and without interrupter or commutator driven by the rotor, e.g. stepping motors of permanent magnet type with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K37/14—Motors with rotor rotating step by step and without interrupter or commutator driven by the rotor, e.g. stepping motors of permanent magnet type with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
    • H02K1/145—Stator cores with salient poles having an annular coil, e.g. of the claw-pole type

Definitions

  • This application belongs to the field of motor technology, and specifically relates to a stepper motor.
  • An electric motor is an electromagnetic device that converts or transmits electrical energy, mainly composed of a stator and a rotor.
  • a stepper motor as a special type of motor, belongs to the category of control motors and is a type of motor that converts electrical pulse signals into corresponding angular or linear displacement.
  • the axis of the coil located inside the motor is usually aligned with the motor's axis.
  • the radial dimension of the motor is limited by the coil wall thickness, the claw pole thickness, and the magnet thickness, making it difficult to reduce the radial dimension and hindering the achievement of a thinner and lighter motor.
  • the technical problem to be solved by this application is that it is difficult to reduce the radial dimension of the motor, which is not conducive to achieving a thinner and lighter motor.
  • this application provides a stepper motor, comprising: a rotor assembly including a rotating shaft and a plurality of magnets arranged circumferentially around the rotating shaft; a stator assembly or a plurality of stator assemblies stacked sequentially along the axial direction of the rotor assembly, the stator assembly being sleeved outside the rotor assembly, the stator assembly including a claw pole assembly wound around the outer periphery of the rotor assembly, a plurality of solenoids arranged sequentially along the circumference of the claw pole assembly, and a housing for accommodating the claw pole assembly and the plurality of solenoids, the solenoid including an iron core and a coil wound around the iron core, the winding center axis of the coil extending radially along the rotating shaft.
  • the solenoid further includes an iron core and a coil sleeved on the iron core.
  • the claw pole assembly includes a first claw pole portion wound around the outer periphery of the rotor assembly and a second claw pole portion wound around the outer periphery of the rotor assembly. Two first claw pole portions are provided, and a second claw pole portion is provided between the two first claw pole portions. The first claw pole portions are connected to the outer shell.
  • the iron core includes a first end that contacts the second claw pole portion and a second end that contacts the inner wall of the outer shell.
  • the housing includes a top housing and a bottom housing disposed opposite to each other, and a side housing connecting the top housing and the bottom housing.
  • the top housing has a top central hole through which the rotor assembly passes
  • the bottom housing has a bottom central hole through which the rotor assembly passes.
  • One of the first claw pole portions is connected to the inner periphery of the top central hole, and the other of the first claw pole portions is connected to the inner periphery of the bottom central hole.
  • the side housing includes a first side housing and a second side housing disposed opposite to each other, one solenoid is connected to the first side housing and the other solenoid is connected to the second side housing; the outer wall of the first side housing and the outer wall of the second side housing are respectively a plane or an arc-shaped surface.
  • references such as “one embodiment” or “some embodiments” mean that one or more embodiments of this application include the specific features, structures, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment. Therefore, the terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” and variations thereof in this specification all mean “including but not limited to,” unless otherwise specifically emphasized. It should be noted that in the embodiments of this application, “and/or” describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and/or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone.
  • connection can also be understood as an electrical connection; the connection between two electrical components can be a direct or indirect connection between the two electrical components.
  • connection between A and B can be a direct connection between A and B, or an indirect connection between A and B through one or more other electrical components.
  • Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a stepper motor provided in this application embodiment.
  • Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the housing 23 in a stepper motor provided in this application embodiment.
  • Figure 3 is a top view of Figure 2.
  • Figure 4 is a sectional view of Figure 3 along line A-A.
  • Figure 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the coil 222 in a stepper motor provided in this application embodiment.
  • Figure 6 is a side view of Figure 5.
  • Figure 7 is a sectional view of Figure 6 along line B-B.
  • Figure 8 is a sectional view of some components in a stepper motor provided in this application embodiment.
  • Figure 9 is a structural schematic diagram of the rotating shaft 11 in a stepper motor provided in this application embodiment.
  • FIG 10 is a sectional view of Figure 9 along line C-C.
  • the stepper motor provided in this application embodiment includes a rotor assembly 1 and a stator assembly or multiple stator assemblies stacked sequentially along the axial direction of the rotor assembly 1.
  • the stator assembly is sleeved on the outer periphery of the rotor assembly 1.
  • the stator assembly includes a claw pole assembly 21, multiple solenoids 22 and a housing 23.
  • the claw pole assembly 21 is wound around the outer periphery of the rotor assembly 1.
  • the multiple solenoids 22 are arranged sequentially along the circumference of the claw pole assembly 21.
  • the housing 23 is used to accommodate the claw pole assembly 21 and the multiple solenoids 22.
  • the solenoid 22 includes an iron core 221 and a coil 222.
  • the coil 222 is wound on the iron core 221.
  • the winding center axis of the coil 222 extends radially along the rotating shaft 11.
  • the outer shell 23 has a space inside to accommodate multiple magnets 12, claw pole assembly 21 and multiple solenoids 22.
  • Multiple magnets 12 can refer to 2 magnets 12, 3 magnets 12, 4 magnets 12, 5 magnets 12, 6 magnets 12, etc.
  • the 6 magnets 12 are symmetrically distributed around the rotating shaft 11. After the 6 magnets 12 are spliced together, they form a cylindrical shape, and the rotating shaft 11 passes through the center of the cylinder.
  • each magnet 12 the end furthest from the shaft 11 and the end closest to the shaft 11 have opposite magnetic properties. For example, if the end of a magnet 12 closest to the shaft 11 has a north pole (N), then the end furthest from the shaft 11 has a south pole (S). Furthermore, in adjacent magnets 12, the ends furthest from the shaft 11 have opposite magnetic properties. For example, if the end of a magnet 12 furthest from the shaft 11 has a north pole (N), then the end of the adjacent magnet 12 furthest from the shaft 11 has a south pole (S). The other ends of adjacent magnets 12 also have opposite magnetic properties.
  • the end of a magnet 12 furthest from the shaft 11 has a south pole (S)
  • the end of the adjacent magnet 12 furthest from the shaft 11 has a north pole (N).
  • the winding center axis of the coil 222 refers to the vertical direction as shown in Figure 5
  • the radial direction of the shaft 11 refers to the vertical direction as shown in Figure 6.
  • the radial direction of the motor is the same as the radial direction of the shaft 11.
  • multiple magnets 12 in the rotor assembly 1 are arranged circumferentially around the shaft 11.
  • a stator assembly or multiple stator assemblies are stacked sequentially along the axial direction of the rotor assembly 1.
  • the stator assembly is fitted around the outer periphery of the rotor assembly 1.
  • Claw pole assemblies 21 in the stator assembly are wound around the outer periphery of the rotor assembly 1.
  • Multiple solenoids 22 are arranged sequentially along the circumference of the claw pole assemblies 21.
  • the outer shell 23 is used to accommodate the claw pole assemblies 21 and the multiple solenoids 22.
  • Coils 222 in the solenoids 22 are wound around the iron core 221, and the central axis of the coils 222 extends radially along the shaft 11.
  • the thickness space occupied by the coils 222 in the radial direction is significantly reduced, which can reduce the radial dimension of the motor, facilitating a thinner and lighter motor.
  • the width of the coils 222 can be adjusted.
  • the width space of the motor is fully utilized, which is beneficial for improving the motor's torque performance. This achieves the technical effect of reducing the radial dimension of the motor, which is beneficial for making the motor thinner and lighter, and improving the motor's torque performance.
  • the claw pole assembly 21 includes two first claw pole portions 211 and a second claw pole portion 212.
  • the two first claw pole portions 211 are wound around the outer periphery of the rotor assembly 1.
  • One first claw pole portion 211 is connected to the top housing 231 described below, and the other first claw pole portion 211 is connected to the bottom housing 232 described below.
  • the second claw pole portion 212 is disposed between the two first claw pole portions 211 and is wound around the outer periphery of the rotor assembly 1.
  • the first claw pole portion 211 is connected to the outer housing 23.
  • the first end 2211 and the second end 2212 are the two opposing ends of the iron core 221.
  • the first end 2211 of the iron core 221 contacts the second claw pole portion 212, and the second end 2212 of the iron core 221 contacts the inner wall of the outer housing 23.
  • the iron core 221 enhances the magnetic field generating capability of the solenoid 22, enabling the motor to generate greater torque under the same current. Meanwhile, the connection between the iron core 221, the second claw pole 212, and the outer casing 23 ensures the stable fixation of the solenoid 22 inside the motor, reducing vibration and noise during motor rotation.
  • the outer casing 23 includes a top casing 231, a bottom casing 232, and a side casing 233.
  • the top casing 231 and the bottom casing 232 are disposed opposite to each other, and the side casing 233 is connected to the top casing 231 and the bottom casing 232 respectively.
  • the top casing 231 has a top central hole 2311 through which the rotor assembly 1 passes
  • the bottom casing 232 has a bottom central hole 2321 through which the rotor assembly 1 passes.
  • Two first claw pole portions 211 are provided, one first claw pole portion 211 is connected to the inner periphery of the top central hole 2311, and the other first claw pole portion 211 is connected to the inner periphery of the bottom central hole 2321.
  • the top casing 231, the bottom casing 232, and the side casing 233 can also be integrally formed.
  • the side housing 233 may include a first side housing 2331 and a second side housing 2332, which are arranged opposite to each other.
  • One solenoid 22 is connected to the first side housing 2331, and the other solenoid 22 is connected to the second side housing 2332.
  • the outer walls of both the first side housing 2331 and the second side housing 2332 are planar, or both are arc-shaped.
  • the two solenoids 22 are arranged axially symmetrically with respect to the rotating shaft 11.
  • the inner wall of the coil 222 near the claw pole assembly 21 and the outer wall of the coil 222 near the side housing 233 in the solenoid 22 are both arc-shaped surfaces. Furthermore, the center lines of the inner wall of the coil 222 near the claw pole assembly 21 and the outer wall of the coil 222 near the side housing 233 are parallel to the rotating shaft 11. In this case, the outer walls of both the first side housing 2331 and the second side housing 2332 are arc-shaped surfaces. Alternatively, as shown in Figure 5, the inner wall of the coil 222 near the claw pole assembly 21 and the outer wall of the coil near the side housing 233 are both planes.
  • both the first side housing 2331 and the second side housing 2332 are planes, and the outer walls of both the first side housing 2331 and the second side housing 2332 are also planes. This allows the motor to maintain a smaller radial dimension, enabling it to adapt to a smaller overall machine space.
  • the side shell 233 is enclosed to form a cylindrical structure.
  • at least three solenoids 22 can be provided.
  • the at least three solenoids 22 are evenly arranged along the circumference of the claw pole assembly 21.
  • the number of solenoids 22 is 3, 4, 5, 6, etc.
  • the 6 solenoids 22 can be evenly arranged along the circumference of the claw pole assembly 21.
  • the magnetic pole generated by the solenoid 22 in the second claw pole portion 212 is opposite to the magnetic pole generated by the solenoid 22 in the first claw pole portion 211.
  • N magnetic poles and S magnetic poles are generated at both ends of the iron core 221, respectively.
  • the end generating the N magnetic pole is directly connected to the second claw pole portion 212, making the magnetism of the second claw pole portion 212 N pole.
  • the other end generating the S magnetic pole is connected to the first claw pole portion 211 through the outer shell 23, making the magnetism of the first claw pole portion 211 S pole.
  • S magnetic poles and N magnetic poles are generated at both ends of the iron core 221, respectively.
  • the end generating the S magnetic pole is directly connected to the second claw pole portion 212, making the magnetism of the second claw pole portion 212 S pole.
  • the other end generating the N magnetic pole is connected to the first claw pole portion 211 through the outer shell 23, making the magnetism of the first claw pole portion 211 N pole. This achieves an alternating polarity distribution of N, S, and N poles in the second claw pole section 212 and the first claw pole section 211, thereby driving the magnet 12 and the rotating shaft 11 to rotate.
  • the first claw pole portion 211 includes a plurality of first claw poles 2111
  • the second claw pole portion 212 includes a support body 2121 and a plurality of second claw poles 2122.
  • the support body 2121 is sleeved on the rotor assembly 1, and the plurality of second claw poles 2122 are disposed on the support body 2121.
  • the support body 2121 is connected to the iron core 221 of the solenoid 22.
  • Each first claw pole 2111 is located between two adjacent second claw poles 2122, and the plurality of first claw poles 2111 and the plurality of second claw poles 2122 enclose a claw pole ring.
  • the plurality of solenoids 22 are located on the outer periphery of the claw pole ring.
  • the staggered arrangement of the first claw poles 2111 and the second claw poles 2122 makes the claw pole assembly 21 have a stronger uniformity of magnetic field distribution in the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft 11, which is beneficial to improving the torque output stability of the stepper motor.
  • the solenoids 22 are located on the outer periphery of the claw pole ring, which can make more effective use of the width space of the motor, further improve torque performance, and reduce the radial dimension.
  • the first claw pole 2111 is tapered along the direction close to the support 2121
  • the second claw pole 2122 is tapered along the direction away from the support 2121.
  • the tapered shape of the first claw pole 2111 and the second claw pole 2122 allows the claw pole assembly 21 to have better magnetic field concentration in the radial direction of the motor, which is beneficial to enhancing the magnetic field coupling between the claw pole assembly 21 and the magnet 12, thereby improving the torque performance of the stepper motor.
  • the first claw pole 2111 includes a connecting section 211a and an extension section 211b.
  • the extension section 211b bends and extends from the connecting section 211a toward the magnet 12. That is, the gap between the support body 2121 and the magnet 12 has space to accommodate the extension section 211b. At least part of the extension section 211b is inserted into the gap between the support body 2121 and the magnet 12. At the same time, the extension section 211b bends toward the magnet 12, which helps to reduce the radial dimension of the motor and achieve a thinner and lighter motor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)

Abstract

本申请公开了一种步进电机，属于电机技术领域，包括转子组件，所述转子组件包括转轴以及绕所述转轴的周向布置的多个磁钢；一个定子组件或沿所述转子组件的轴向依次层叠排列的多个定子组件，所述定子组件套设于所述转子组件外，所述定子组件包括绕设于所述转子组件外周的爪极组件、沿所述爪极组件的周向依次排列的多个螺线管以及用于容纳所述爪极组件和所述多个螺线管的外壳，所述螺线管包括铁芯和缠绕于所述铁芯的线圈，所述线圈的绕线中心轴沿所述转轴的径向延伸。本申请达到了能够减小电机的径向尺寸，有利于实现电机的轻薄化，提升电机转矩性能的技术效果。

Description

一种步进电机 技术领域
本申请属于电机技术领域，特别涉及一种步进电机。
 背景技术
电机是一种实现电能转换或传递的电磁装置，主要由定子和转子组成。步进电机作为一种特殊的电机，属于控制用电动机，是一种将电脉冲信号转换成相应角位移或线位移的电动机。目前，在步进电机技术中，通常是位于电机内部的线圈的轴线与电机的轴线相互重合，但是，电机的径向尺寸会受限于线圈壁厚、爪极厚度和磁钢厚度，使得难以减小电机的径向尺寸，不利于实现电机的轻薄化。
因此，有必要提供一种新的技术方案以解决上述技术问题。
 技术问题
本申请所要解决的技术问题是难以减小电机的径向尺寸，不利于实现电机的轻薄化的技术问题。
 技术解决方案
为解决上述技术问题，本申请提供了一种步进电机，所述步进电机包括：转子组件，所述转子组件包括转轴以及绕所述转轴的周向布置的多个磁钢；一个定子组件或沿所述转子组件的轴向依次层叠排列的多个定子组件，所述定子组件套设于所述转子组件外，所述定子组件包括绕设于所述转子组件外周的爪极组件、沿所述爪极组件的周向依次排列的多个螺线管以及用于容纳所述爪极组件和所述多个螺线管的外壳，所述螺线管包括铁芯和缠绕于所述铁芯的线圈，所述线圈的绕线中心轴沿所述转轴的径向延伸。
可选地，所述螺线管还包括铁芯和套设于所述铁芯的线圈，所述爪极组件包括绕设于所述转子组件外周的第一爪极部以及绕设于所述转子组件外周的第二爪极部，所述第一爪极部设置有两个，所述第二爪极部设置于两个所述第一爪极部之间，所述第一爪极部与所述外壳连接；所述铁芯包括与所述第二爪极部接触的第一端以及与所述外壳的内壁接触的第二端。
可选地，所述外壳包括相对设置的顶部壳体和底部壳体以及连接所述顶部壳体和所述底部壳体的侧壳体，所述顶部壳体开设有供所述转子组件贯穿的顶部中心孔，所述底部壳体开设有供所述转子组件贯穿的底部中心孔，一个所述第一爪极部与所述顶部中心孔的内周缘连接，另一个所述第一爪极部和所述底部中心孔的内周缘连接。
可选地，所述螺线管的数量为2个，两个所述螺线管相对于所述转轴呈轴对称设置。
可选地，所述侧壳体包括相对设置的第一侧壳体和第二侧壳体，一个所述螺线管与所述第一侧壳体连接，另一个所述螺线管与所述第二侧壳体连接；所述第一侧壳体的外壁和所述第二侧壳体的外壁分别为平面或者弧形面。
可选地，所述线圈靠近所述爪极组件的内壁以及所述线圈靠近所述侧壳体的外壁分别为弧形面，且所述线圈靠近所述爪极组件的内壁的中心线以及所述线圈靠近所述侧壳体的外壁的中心线分别与所述转轴平行；或所述线圈靠近所述爪极组件的内壁以及所述线圈靠近所述侧壳体的外壁分别为平面。
可选地，所述螺线管设置有至少三个，至少三个所述螺线管沿所述爪极组件的周向均匀排列。
可选地，所述侧壳体呈筒状。
可选地，所述第一爪极部包括多个第一爪极，所述第二爪极部包括套设于所述转子组件的支撑体以及设置于支撑体的所述多个第二爪极，所述支撑体与所述螺线管的铁芯连接，每一个所述第一爪极位于相邻两个所述第二爪极之间，且多个所述第一爪极和多个所述第二爪极围合形成爪极环，多个所述螺线管位于所述爪极环的外周。
可选地，所述第一爪极沿靠近所述支撑体的方向上呈渐缩状；所述第二爪极沿背离所述支撑体的方向上呈渐缩状；所述第一爪极包括连接段以及与自所述连接段朝靠近所述磁钢方向弯折延伸的延伸段。
 有益效果
本申请提供一种步进电机，通过转子组件中多个磁钢绕转轴的周向布置，一个定子组件或者沿着转子组件的轴向依次层叠排列有多个定子组件，定子组件套设在转子组件外周，定子组件中爪极组件绕设在转子组件的外周，多个螺线管沿着爪极组件的周向依次排列，外壳用于容纳爪极组件和多个螺线管，螺线管中线圈缠绕在铁芯上，线圈的绕线中心轴沿着转轴的径向延伸。这样将线圈的中心轴设置为与转轴的径向相同，使得线圈在径向方向上所占据的厚度空间大幅减小，能够减小电机的径向尺寸，有利于实现电机的轻薄化，同时能够调整线圈的宽度，通过扁平化的设置线圈，充分利用电机的宽度空间，有利于实现电机转矩性能的提升。从而达到了能够减小电机的径向尺寸，有利于实现电机的轻薄化，提升电机转矩性能的技术效果。
 附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种步进电机的结构示意图。
图2为本申请实施例提供的一种步进电机中外壳的结构示意图。
图3为图2的俯视图。
图4为图3在A—A向剖视图。
图5为本申请实施例提供的一种步进电机中线圈的结构示意图。
图6为图5的侧视图。
图7为图6在B—B向剖视图。
图8为本申请实施例提供的一种步进电机中部分组件的剖面图。
图9为本申请实施例提供的一种步进电机中转轴的结构示意图。
图10为图9在C—C向剖视图。
 本发明的实施方式
下面详细描述本申请的实施方式，实施方式的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施方式是示例性地，仅用于解释本申请，而不能理解为对本申请的限制。
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本申请的方案，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
本申请实施例中，至少一个是指一个或多个；多个，是指两个或两个以上。在本申请的描述中，“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等词汇，仅用于区分描述的目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性，也不能理解为指示或暗示顺序。
在本说明书中描述的参考“一种实施方式”或“一些实施方式”等意味着在本申请的一个或多个实施方式中包括结合该实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特点。由此，在本说明书中术语“包括”、“包含”、“具有”及它们的变形都意味着“包括但不限于”，除非是以其他方式另外特别强调。需要说明的是，本申请实施例中，“和/或”描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。
需要指出的是，本申请实施例中，当组件被称为“固定于”另一个组件，它可以直接在另一个组件上或者也可以存在居中组件。当一个组件被认为是“连接”另一个组件，它可以是直接连接到另一个组件或者可能同时存在居中组件。当一个组件被认为是“设置于”另一个组件，它可以是直接设置在另一个组件上或者可能同时存在居中组件。同时本申请实施例中“连接”也可以理解为电连接，两个电学元件连接可以是两个电学元件之间的直接或间接连接。例如，A与B连接，既可以是A与B直接连接，也可以是A与B之间通过一个或多个其它电学元件间接连接。本申请实施例中所使用的术语“垂直的”、“水平的”、“左”、“右”以及类似的表述只是为了说明目的，并不是旨在限制本申请。
本申请实施例提供的一种步进电机，请参阅图1至图10所示，图1是本申请实施例提供的一种步进电机的结构示意图，图2是本申请实施例提供的一种步进电机中外壳23的结构示意图，图3是图2的俯视图，图4是图3在A—A向剖视图，图5是本申请实施例提供的一种步进电机中线圈222的结构示意图，图6是图5的侧视图，图7是图6在B—B向剖视图，图8是本申请实施例提供的一种步进电机中部分组件的剖面图，图9是本申请实施例提供的一种步进电机中转轴11的结构示意图，图10是图9在C—C向剖视图。本申请实施例提供的一种步进电机包括转子组件1和一个定子组件或者沿着转子组件1的轴向依次层叠排列的多个定子组件，定子组件套设在转子组件1的外周，定子组件包括爪极组件21、多个螺线管22和外壳23，爪极组件21绕设在转子组件1的外周，多个螺线管22沿着爪极组件21的周向依次排列，外壳23用于容纳爪极组件21和多个螺线管22，螺线管22包括铁芯221和线圈222，线圈222缠绕在铁芯221上，线圈222的绕线中心轴沿着转轴11的径向延伸。
其中，外壳23的内部具有容纳多个磁钢12、爪极组件21和多个螺线管22的空间，多个磁钢12可以是指2个磁钢12、3个磁钢12、4个磁钢12、5个磁钢12、6个磁钢12等，如磁钢12的数量为6个时，6个磁钢12以转轴11为中心呈对称分布，6个磁钢12拼接后整体呈现为圆柱体形，转轴11贯穿该圆柱体的中心。
其中，每个磁钢12中远离转轴11的一端和靠近转轴11的一端的磁性相反，如一个磁钢12中靠近转轴11的一端的磁极为N极，则该磁钢12远离转轴11的另一端的磁极为S极。并且在相邻两个磁钢12中，两个磁钢12靠近转轴11的一端的磁性相反，如一个磁钢12中靠近转轴11的一端的磁极为N极，则与该磁钢12相邻的另一个磁钢12中靠近转轴11的一端的磁极为S极。相邻两个磁钢12的另一端的磁性相反，如一个磁钢12中远离转轴11的一端的磁极为S极，则与该磁钢12相邻的另一个磁钢12中远离转轴11的一端的磁极为N极。线圈222的绕线中心轴是指如图5所示中的竖直方向，转轴11的径向是指如图6所示中的竖直方向，电机的径向与转轴11的径向相同。
在本实施例中，通过转子组件1中多个磁钢12绕转轴11的周向布置，一个定子组件或者沿着转子组件1的轴向依次层叠排列有多个定子组件，定子组件套设在转子组件1外周，定子组件中爪极组件21绕设在转子组件1的外周，多个螺线管22沿着爪极组件21的周向依次排列，外壳23用于容纳爪极组件21和多个螺线管22，螺线管22中线圈222缠绕在铁芯221上，线圈222的中心轴沿着转轴11的径向延伸。这样将线圈222的绕线中心轴设置为与转轴11的径向相同，使得线圈222在径向方向上所占据的厚度空间大幅减小，能够减小电机的径向尺寸，有利于实现电机的轻薄化，同时能够调整线圈222的宽度，通过扁平化的设置线圈222，充分利用电机的宽度空间，有利于实现电机转矩性能的提升。从而达到了能够减小电机的径向尺寸，有利于实现电机的轻薄化，提升电机转矩性能的技术效果。
作为一种实施方式，爪极组件21包括两个第一爪极部211和第二爪极部212，两个第一爪极部211绕设在转子组件1的外周，一个第一爪极部211与下述顶部壳体231连接，另一个第一爪极部211与下述底部壳体232连接，第二爪极部212设置在两个第一爪极部211之间，第二爪极部212绕设在转子组件1的外周，第一爪极部211与外壳23连接，第一端2211和第二端2212是铁芯221的相互对立的两端，铁芯221的第一端2211与第二爪极部212接触，铁芯221的第二端2212与外壳23的内壁接触，通过铁芯221增强螺线管22的磁场产生能力，使得电机在相同电流下能够产生更大的转矩。同时，铁芯221与第二爪极部212和外壳23的连接，确保螺线管22在电机内部的稳定固定，减小电机在转动过程中的振动和噪音。
作为一种实施方式，外壳23包括顶部壳体231、底部壳体232和侧壳体233，顶部壳体231和底部壳体232相对设置，侧壳体233分别连接顶部壳体231和底部壳体232，顶部壳体231开设有供所述转子组件1贯穿的顶部中心孔2311，底部壳体232开设有供所述转子组件1贯穿的底部中心孔2321，第一爪极部211设置有两个，一个第一爪极部211与顶部中心孔2311的内周缘连接，另一个第一爪极部211与底部中心孔2321的内周缘连接。顶部壳体231、底部壳体232和侧壳体233也可以一体成型。
作为一种实施方式，侧壳体233可以包括第一侧壳体2331和第二侧壳体2332，第一侧壳体2331和第二侧壳体2332相对设置，一个螺线管22与第一侧壳体2331连接，另一个螺线管22与第二侧壳体2332连接。此时，第一侧壳体2331的外壁和第二侧壳体2332的外壁均呈现为平面，或者第一侧壳体2331的外壁和第二侧壳体2332的外壁均呈现为弧形面，螺线管22的数量为两个时，两个螺线管22相对于转轴11呈现为轴对称设置。
作为一种实施方式，螺线管22中线圈222靠近爪极组件21的内壁和线圈222靠近侧壳体233的外壁分别为弧形面，并且线圈222靠近爪极组件21的内壁的中心线和线圈222靠近侧壳体233的外壁的中心线分别与转轴11相互平行，此时第一侧壳体2331的外壁和第二侧壳体2332的外壁均呈现为弧形面。或者请参见图5所示，线圈222靠近爪极组件21的内壁和线圈靠近侧壳体233的外壁分别为平面，此时第一侧壳体2331的内壁和第二侧壳体2332的内壁均呈现为平面，第一侧壳体2331的外壁和第二侧壳体2332的外壁也呈现为平面，会使得电机保持较小的径向尺寸，能够适应较小的整机空间。
作为一种实施方式，请参见图6和图7，侧壳体233围合形成筒状结构，此时螺线管22可以设置有至少三个，至少三个螺线管22沿着爪极组件21的周向均匀排列，如螺线管22的数量为3个、4个、5个、6个等，6个螺线管22可以沿着爪极组件21的周向进行均匀排列。
在一些实施方式中，螺线管22在第二爪极部212产生的磁极，与螺线管22在第一爪极部211产生的磁极相反，如当螺线管22的线圈222通电后，会在铁芯221的两端分别产生N磁极和S磁极，其中，产生N磁极的一端直接与第二爪极部212连接，会使得第二爪极部212的磁性为N极；产生S磁极的另一端则通过外壳23与第一爪极部211连接，会使得第一爪极部211的磁性为S极；或者会在铁芯221的两端分别产生S磁极和N磁极，其中，产生S磁极的一端直接与第二爪极部212连接，会使得第二爪极部212的磁性为S极；产生N磁极的另一端则通过外壳23与第一爪极部211连接，会使得第一爪极部211的磁性为N极。这样实现第二爪极部212和第一爪极部211的N极、S极、N极的交替极性分布，实现带动磁钢12以及转轴11进行转动。
在一些实施方式中，第一爪极部211包括多个第一爪极2111，第二爪极部212包括支撑体2121和多个第二爪极2122，支撑体2121套设在转子组件1上，多个第二爪极2122设置在支撑体2121上，支撑体2121与螺线管22的铁芯221连接，每一个第一爪极2111位于相邻两个第二爪极2122之间，并且多个第一爪极2111和多个第二爪极2122围合形成爪极环，多个螺线管22位于爪极环的外周。通过第一爪极2111和第二爪极2122的交错布置，会使得爪极组件21在转轴11的周向上具有更强的磁场分布均匀性，有利于提高步进电机的转矩输出稳定性。同时，螺线管22位于爪极环的外周，可以更有效地利用电机的宽度空间，进一步提升转矩性能，以及实现径向尺寸的减小。
在一些实施方式中，第一爪极2111在沿着靠近支撑体2121的方向上呈现为渐缩状，第二爪极2122在沿着背离支撑体2121的方向上呈现为渐缩状。呈现为渐缩状的第一爪极2111和第二爪极2122，会使得爪极组件21在电机的径向方向上具有更好的磁场集中，有利于增强爪极组件21与磁钢12之间的磁场耦合作用，实现提高步进电机的转矩性能。
在一些实施方式中，第一爪极2111包括连接段211a和延伸段211b，延伸段211b自连接段211a朝靠近磁钢12方向弯折延伸，即支撑体2121和磁钢12之间的间隙具有容纳延伸段211b的空间，延伸段211b至少有部分插入位于支撑体2121和磁钢12之间的间隙内部，同时延伸段211b朝向靠近磁钢12的方向弯折，有利于减小电机的径向尺寸，实现电机的轻薄化。
最后所应说明的是，以上具体实施方式仅用以说明本申请的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照实例对本申请进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本申请的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本申请技术方案的精神和范围，其均应涵盖在本申请的权利要求范围当中。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种步进电机，其特征在于，所述步进电机包括：
    转子组件，所述转子组件包括转轴以及绕所述转轴的周向布置的多个磁钢；
    一个定子组件或沿所述转子组件的轴向依次层叠排列的多个定子组件，所述定子组件套设于所述转子组件外，所述定子组件包括绕设于所述转子组件外周的爪极组件、沿所述爪极组件的周向依次排列的多个螺线管以及用于容纳所述爪极组件和所述多个螺线管的外壳，所述螺线管包括铁芯和缠绕于所述铁芯的线圈，所述线圈的绕线中心轴沿所述转轴的径向延伸。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的步进电机，其特征在于：所述爪极组件包括绕设于所述转子组件外周的第一爪极部以及绕设于所述转子组件外周的第二爪极部，所述第一爪极部设置有两个，所述第二爪极部设置于两个所述第一爪极部之间，所述第一爪极部与所述外壳连接；所述铁芯包括与所述第二爪极部接触的第一端以及与所述外壳的内壁接触的第二端。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的步进电机，其特征在于：所述外壳包括相对设置的顶部壳体和底部壳体以及连接所述顶部壳体和所述底部壳体的侧壳体，所述顶部壳体开设有供所述转子组件贯穿的顶部中心孔，所述底部壳体开设有供所述转子组件贯穿的底部中心孔，一个所述第一爪极部与所述顶部中心孔的内周缘连接，另一个所述第一爪极部和所述底部中心孔的内周缘连接。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的步进电机，其特征在于：所述螺线管的数量为2个，两个所述螺线管相对于所述转轴呈轴对称设置。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的步进电机，其特征在于：所述侧壳体包括相对设置的第一侧壳体和第二侧壳体，一个所述螺线管与所述第一侧壳体连接，另一个所述螺线管与所述第二侧壳体连接；所述第一侧壳体的外壁和所述第二侧壳体的外壁分别为平面或者弧形面。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的步进电机，其特征在于：所述线圈靠近所述爪极组件的内壁以及所述线圈靠近所述侧壳体的外壁分别为弧形面，且所述线圈靠近所述爪极组件的内壁的中心线以及所述线圈靠近所述侧壳体的外壁的中心线分别与所述转轴平行；或所述线圈靠近所述爪极组件的内壁以及所述线圈靠近所述侧壳体的外壁分别为平面。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的步进电机，其特征在于：所述螺线管设置有至少三个，至少三个所述螺线管沿所述爪极组件的周向均匀排列。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的步进电机，其特征在于：所述侧壳体呈筒状。
  9. 根据权利要求2所述的步进电机，其特征在于：所述第一爪极部包括多个第一爪极，所述第二爪极部包括套设于所述转子组件的支撑体以及设置于支撑体的所述多个第二爪极，所述支撑体与所述螺线管的铁芯连接，每一个所述第一爪极位于相邻两个所述第二爪极之间，且多个所述第一爪极和多个所述第二爪极围合形成爪极环，多个所述螺线管位于所述爪极环的外周。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的步进电机，其特征在于：所述第一爪极沿靠近所述支撑体的方向上呈渐缩状；所述第二爪极沿背离所述支撑体的方向上呈渐缩状；所述第一爪极包括连接段以及与自所述连接段朝靠近所述磁钢方向弯折延伸的延伸段。
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