WO2025246769A1 - 电池模组、电池包及车辆 - Google Patents

电池模组、电池包及车辆

Info

Publication number
WO2025246769A1
WO2025246769A1 PCT/CN2025/091590 CN2025091590W WO2025246769A1 WO 2025246769 A1 WO2025246769 A1 WO 2025246769A1 CN 2025091590 W CN2025091590 W CN 2025091590W WO 2025246769 A1 WO2025246769 A1 WO 2025246769A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
side plate
battery cell
battery
hole
air inlet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2025/091590
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
凡则宏
曾建宏
周友
刘鹏
朱建波
刘波
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Guangzhou Automobile Group Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Guangzhou Automobile Group Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Guangzhou Automobile Group Co Ltd filed Critical Guangzhou Automobile Group Co Ltd
Publication of WO2025246769A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025246769A1/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/658—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by thermal insulation or shielding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/35—Gas exhaust passages comprising elongated, tortuous or labyrinth-shaped exhaust passages
    • H01M50/358—External gas exhaust passages located on the battery cover or case
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/383—Flame arresting or ignition-preventing means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of vehicles, and mainly to a battery module, a battery pack, and a vehicle.
  • venting channels are typically installed on the casing to facilitate rapid heat dissipation in the event of thermal runaway from individual cells. When some cells experience thermal runaway, the heat is directly discharged through the corresponding venting channel. However, the existing venting channel design is flawed and can easily lead to the spread of thermal runaway.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide a battery module, battery pack and vehicle that effectively solves the problem of thermal runaway propagation in battery modules.
  • a battery module includes a housing, a cell module, and a sealing component.
  • the housing includes multiple side plates that enclose a mounting cavity. At least one side plate has a cavity, an air inlet, and an exhaust outlet.
  • the air inlet connects the cavity to the interior of the housing, and the exhaust outlet connects the cavity to the exterior of the housing.
  • the exhaust outlet and the air inlet are offset from each other.
  • the cell module includes a heat insulation component and multiple cell assemblies.
  • the heat insulation component is connected to the side plates and divides the mounting cavity into multiple cell mounting areas. Cell assemblies are installed in the cell mounting areas. Multiple air inlets are provided, and each cell mounting area communicates with at least one air inlet.
  • the thermal insulation component divides the mounting cavity into multiple cell mounting areas, and each cell mounting area is connected to at least one air inlet.
  • Each cell mounting area is equipped with a cell assembly, so that high-temperature gas and flames can be discharged from the exhaust port in the event of thermal runaway.
  • the exhaust port and the air inlet port are staggered to prevent flames from shooting out directly and to increase the contact time between high-temperature gas and the side plate, thereby cooling the high-temperature gas.
  • the exhaust port is located above the intake port, utilizing the principle that high-temperature gas is lighter than low-temperature gas to make the high-temperature gas discharge more smoothly.
  • a partition is provided inside the cavity, which is disposed between the air inlet and the exhaust outlet.
  • the partition is provided with an air vent that connects the air inlet and the exhaust outlet. The partition increases the stress resistance of the side plate.
  • the vent is located directly above the inlet, and the vent and exhaust are offset along the length of the side plate; there are multiple vents, which are spaced apart along the length of the partition; there are also multiple exhausts, which are spaced apart along the length of the side plate. This results in multiple exhaust channels being arranged on the same side plate, and increases the length of the exhaust channels.
  • the air intake hole includes a first through hole and a second through hole.
  • the second through hole is offset from the first through hole in the length direction of the side plate, and the second through hole is located above the first through hole.
  • the first through hole and the second through hole are respectively connected to two adjacent cell mounting areas, so that while ensuring the stress strength of the side plate, more air intake holes can be arranged offset along the length direction of the side plate, making the structure more compact and the cell module smaller, thereby reducing the impact of thermal runaway of a certain cell module on the entire battery module.
  • the first through hole is located directly below the vent hole; the second through hole and the vent hole are offset along the length of the side plate, so that when high-temperature gas and flames flow from the first through hole to the vent hole, they do not need to pass through the position of the second through hole, and when high-temperature gas and flames flow from the second through hole to the vent hole, they do not need to pass through the position of the first through hole, thus preventing high-temperature gas and flames from entering the adjacent cell mounting area through other air intake holes, which could lead to the spread of thermal runaway.
  • the side plate includes a first side plate, a second side plate, a third side plate, and a fourth side plate, which are connected end to end to form a frame.
  • the first side plate has multiple air inlet holes distributed along its length, and the multiple air inlet holes on the first side plate are all connected to the cavity on the first side plate.
  • Multiple battery cell assemblies are arranged along the length of the first side plate, and the first end of the battery cell assembly faces the first side plate and is directly opposite the air inlet holes on the first side plate, so that high-temperature gas can be quickly discharged between the air inlet holes and the exhaust holes, avoiding the impact on the sealing parts at the adjacent air inlet holes.
  • the third side plate has multiple air inlet holes distributed along its length, and all the air inlet holes on the third side plate are connected to cavities on the third side plate; the second end of the battery cell assembly faces the third side plate and is directly opposite the air inlet holes on the third side plate. Both ends of the battery cell assembly are directly opposite the air inlet holes, making exhaust smoother.
  • the first side plate has a plurality of exhaust holes arranged along its length; the third side plate has a plurality of exhaust holes arranged along its length.
  • the battery cell assembly includes battery cells and foam. Multiple battery cells are configured and arranged along the length of the first side plate, with foam positioned between adjacent battery cells. The inclusion of foam in the battery cell assembly allows the foam to be compressed when the battery cells expand, thus maintaining structural stability.
  • an electrode insulating plate is fixed to the inner side of the first side plate.
  • the electrode insulating plate is disposed between two adjacent battery cells.
  • Thermal insulation structural adhesive is filled between the thermal insulation component and the first side plate, so that the two adjacent battery cell assemblies are completely separated by the thermal insulation component, thereby preventing high-temperature gas from spreading to the adjacent battery cell assemblies in the event of thermal runaway.
  • the battery cell includes a battery cell unit and an aluminum-plastic film.
  • the aluminum-plastic film is wrapped around the outside of the battery cell unit.
  • the use of a flexible aluminum-plastic film instead of a solid outer shell reduces the volume and weight of the battery cell.
  • the outer casing further includes a lower cover plate and an upper cover plate, with the lower cover plate fixed to the bottom of the frame and the upper cover plate fixed to the top of the frame.
  • the bottom surface of the battery cell module is fixedly connected to the lower cover plate via a heat-conducting component
  • the top surface of the battery cell module is fixedly connected to the upper cover plate via a heat-conducting component.
  • the lower cover plate and the upper cover plate are connected to the battery cell assembly via heat-conducting components, thereby improving heat conduction efficiency and heat dissipation effect of the battery module.
  • the battery module further includes a sealing element fixed to the inner wall of the side plate to block the air intake vent.
  • This sealing element allows the high-temperature gas generated during thermal runaway of the battery cell module to open the air intake vent. By blocking the air intake vent with the sealing element, the thermal runaway is prevented from spreading to adjacent battery cell assemblies through adjacent air intake vents.
  • the sealing element includes a mica sheet and an insulating film, which are stacked on the inner side of the side plate; the insulating film is disposed between the mica sheet and the side plate, and/or between the mica sheet and the battery cell assembly.
  • the sealing element including the mica sheet and the insulating film, improves flame retardancy and insulation effects.
  • the sealing element is elongated and blocks all air intake holes; or the number of sealing elements matches the number of air intake holes, and the position of the sealing element corresponds one-to-one with the air intake hole.
  • a battery pack includes a battery pack housing and a battery module, wherein the battery module is placed inside the battery pack housing.
  • a vehicle includes a body and a battery pack, the battery pack being fixed to the body.
  • the battery module of this application includes a casing and a cell module.
  • the cell module includes a heat insulation component and multiple cell assemblies.
  • the heat insulation component is connected to a side plate and divides the mounting cavity into multiple cell mounting areas.
  • Each cell mounting area is connected to at least one air inlet hole, and each cell mounting area contains a cell assembly.
  • the heat insulation component can block heat to prevent it from spreading to connected cell modules.
  • At least one side plate of the casing is provided with a cavity, an air inlet hole, and an exhaust hole.
  • High-temperature gases and flames will automatically pass through the air inlet, cavity, and exhaust outlet and be released to the low-pressure outside environment, preventing the high-temperature gases and flames from spreading to the connected cell modules.
  • the staggered arrangement of the exhaust outlet and air inlet outlet increases the heat exchange area between the high-temperature gases and flames and the side plate and prolongs the heat exchange time. This also prevents high-temperature gases and flames from directly escaping from the battery module and causing greater disasters and losses, thus improving safety.
  • a battery pack includes a battery pack housing and the aforementioned battery module.
  • the battery module is placed inside the battery pack housing, which enables the battery pack housing to protect the battery module.
  • the aforementioned battery module can increase the heat exchange area and extend the heat exchange time during thermal runaway, and also prevent high-temperature gases and flames from directly escaping from the battery module, thereby preventing greater disasters and losses.
  • a vehicle including a vehicle body and the aforementioned battery pack, prevents the spread of thermal runaway from one of the battery cell components to adjacent battery cell components, and also prevents high-temperature gases and flames from directly escaping from the battery pack, thereby preventing greater disasters and losses and improving safety.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the battery module structure in some embodiments of this application, in which only part of the cell module is shown.
  • FIG 2 is a top view of the battery module shown in Figure 1 after the top cover has been removed.
  • FIG 3 is a top view of the battery module shown in Figure 1 after the top cover and heat-conducting components have been removed.
  • Figure 4 is a magnified view of part A in Figure 3.
  • FIG 5 is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the battery module shown in Figure 1 after the second side panel has been removed.
  • Figure 6 is a magnified view of part B in Figure 5.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of Figure 6 under the explosive state, where the arrows indicate the flow direction of the high-temperature gas and the dashed lines indicate the boundary between two adjacent battery cell components.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the side plate structure in some embodiments of this application.
  • Figure 9 is a partial cross-sectional view of the side plate shown in Figure 8.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery cell module in some embodiments of this application.
  • the terms “installation,” “connection,” and “linking” should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication between two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.
  • a battery module includes a housing 1 and a cell module 2.
  • the housing 1 includes multiple side plates, which together form a mounting cavity 10.
  • the cell module 2 includes a heat insulation component 21 and multiple cell assemblies 22.
  • the heat insulation component 21 is connected to the side plates and divides the mounting cavity 10 into multiple cell mounting areas.
  • Each cell mounting area contains a cell assembly 22. Therefore, each cell assembly 22 is installed in an independent cell mounting area, and adjacent cell mounting areas are separated by the heat insulation component 21 to prevent heat transfer between adjacent cell assemblies 22. In other words, when one cell assembly 22 experiences thermal runaway, the heat is blocked by the heat insulation component 21 and will not be transferred to adjacent cell assemblies 22, thus preventing the spread of thermal runaway.
  • four side panels are configured, namely a first side panel 11, a second side panel 12, a third side panel 13, and a fourth side panel 14.
  • the first side panel 11, the second side panel 12, the third side panel 13, and the fourth side panel 14 are connected end to end to form a frame.
  • the frame formed by the four side panels is square.
  • the outer casing 1 also includes a lower cover plate 15 and an upper cover plate 16, with the lower cover plate 15 fixed to the bottom of the frame and the upper cover plate 16 fixed to the top of the frame, so that the outer casing 1 forms a sealed box, and the battery cell module 2 is sealed inside the outer casing 1.
  • the number of side panels may be 5, 6 or more, and the shape of the frame formed by the side panels may be quadrilateral, pentagon, hexagon or other shapes.
  • At least one side plate is provided with a cavity 181, an air inlet 182, and an exhaust 183.
  • the air inlet 182 is located on the inner wall of the side plate
  • the exhaust 183 is located on the outer wall of the side plate, forming a cavity 181 between the inner and outer walls of the side plate.
  • the air inlet 182 connects the cavity 181 and the interior of the outer shell 1
  • the exhaust 183 connects the cavity 181 and the exterior of the outer shell 1, so that the air inlet 182, the cavity 181, and the exhaust 183 constitute an exhaust channel 18.
  • each cell mounting area is connected to at least one air inlet 182, so that when one of the cell components 22 experiences thermal runaway, high-temperature gas can be discharged from the corresponding exhaust channel 18, preventing it from spreading to adjacent cell components 22.
  • the battery module also includes a sealing component 3, which is fixed to the inner wall of the side plate and blocks the air inlet vent 182.
  • the strength of the sealing component 3 is lower than that of the heat insulation component 21 and the side plate.
  • the generated high-temperature gas can open the sealing component 3 and pass through the air inlet vent 182.
  • the temperature and pressure in the corresponding battery cell installation area increase, causing the sealing component 3 to be crushed at the position corresponding to the air inlet vent 182 (this position is the weakest due to the lack of support from the side plate), thereby allowing the high-temperature gas and flames to be discharged from the exhaust channel 18.
  • the sealing component 3 has flame-retardant and heat-insulating capabilities. When one of the battery cell components 22 experiences thermal runaway, the sealing component 3 at the non-thermal runaway location can prevent flames and heat from entering the corresponding battery cell installation area, thus preventing high-temperature gas and flames from spreading to adjacent battery cell components 22.
  • the exhaust vent 183 and the intake vent 182 are staggered, increasing the length of the exhaust channel 18 and extending the contact time between the high-temperature gas and the side plate. Since the side plate has a lower temperature, this increases the cooling time for the high-temperature gas.
  • a flame When a flame is present, it needs to pass through the longer exhaust channel 18, and the flame must pass through at least two corners from the intake vent 182 to the outside of the exhaust vent 183. This prevents the flame from directly escaping from the exhaust vent 183 and causing a fire in the structure located outside the battery module. This design increases the probability that the flame will be extinguished within the exhaust channel 18.
  • the exhaust port 183 and the intake port 182 are misaligned along the length of the side plate, so that the length of the side plate can be utilized to make the distance between the exhaust port 183 and the intake port 182 greater, thereby increasing the length of the exhaust channel 18 and improving the cooling efficiency of high-temperature gas.
  • the exhaust port 183 is located above the intake port 182. Since the weight of high-temperature gas is less than that of low-temperature gas, this application positions the exhaust port 183 above the intake port 182, allowing the high-temperature gas to spontaneously exit from the exhaust port 183 under the guidance of the exhaust channel 18. This results in low resistance and prevents the high-temperature gas from flowing back and igniting other battery cell components 22.
  • Each cell mounting area is connected to at least one air inlet vent 182, so that when the cell assembly 22 experiences thermal runaway, high-temperature gas and flames are discharged from the corresponding exhaust channel 18, avoiding interference with the normally operating cell assembly 22 in adjacent locations.
  • multiple air inlet holes 182 are arranged on the same side plate, spaced apart along the length of the side plate. All air inlet holes 182 communicate with cavities 181 and different cell mounting areas, allowing multiple exhaust channels 18 to share exhaust holes 183. This reduces the number of exhaust holes 183 and increases the strength of the side plate.
  • the high-temperature gas will spontaneously flow towards the direction of lower pressure. Therefore, after entering the cavity 181, the high-temperature gas will automatically flow towards the nearby exhaust holes 183, thereby reducing the impact on the sealing elements 3 on adjacent air inlet holes 182.
  • the pressure rapidly decreases, falling below the pressure required to break through the sealing element 3, preventing the high-temperature gas from entering other cell mounting areas and effectively avoiding the spread of thermal runaway to adjacent cell assemblies 22.
  • a partition 111 is provided inside the cavity 181 to enhance the strength of the side plate.
  • the partition 111 is located between the air inlet 182 and the exhaust 183.
  • the partition 111 has a vent 184 that connects the air inlet 182 and the exhaust 183.
  • the vent 184 and the exhaust 183 are offset along the length of the side plate, so that high-temperature gas and flames must pass through the vent 184 before reaching the exhaust 183. This increases the path length between the air inlet 182 and the exhaust 183, improves the cooling effect of the high-temperature gas, and enhances the fire extinguishing capability.
  • the partition 111 extends along the length of the side plate, dividing the cavity 181 inside the side plate into a lower first cavity and an upper second cavity.
  • the first and second cavities are arranged side by side in the vertical direction, and both the first and second cavities extend along the length of the side plate.
  • a vent 184 connects the first and second cavities, an inlet vent 182 connects to the first cavity, and an exhaust vent 183 connects to the second cavity. High-temperature gas and flame enter the first cavity through the inlet vent 182 and quickly pass through the vent vent 184 into the second cavity, preventing flow towards the adjacent battery cell assembly 22.
  • the high-temperature gas then flows a certain distance along the length of the side plate within the second cavity until it is discharged through the nearest exhaust vent 183.
  • a baffle 111 between the air inlet 182 and the exhaust 183, the strength of the side plate is increased and the backflow of high-temperature gas is prevented.
  • the path length of the exhaust channel 18 can be further increased, that is, the heat transfer path is increased. This increases the heat exchange area between the high-temperature gas and flames entering the cavity and the side plate, and prolongs the heat exchange time. As a result, thermal runaway can be controlled as much as possible inside the outer shell 1, avoiding the spread of thermal runaway and causing greater disasters and losses.
  • Multiple ventilation holes 184 are spaced apart along the length of the partition, and multiple exhaust holes 183 are spaced apart along the length of the side plate, so that multiple exhaust channels 18 are arranged on the same side plate. This allows the high-temperature gas to automatically flow in the direction of lower pressure when a certain battery cell assembly 22 experiences thermal runaway, and to be diverted at the first cavity and the second cavity to quickly reduce the pressure of the high-temperature gas.
  • the vent hole 184 is located directly above the inlet hole 182. Since high-temperature gas rises, placing the vent hole 184 directly above the inlet hole 182 allows the high-temperature gas to quickly enter the second cavity through the vent hole 184 (shortest path) after passing through the inlet hole 182 into the first cavity. This prevents the high-temperature gas from moving left and right in the first cavity and breaking through the sealing members 3 on both sides, thus avoiding a fire in the surrounding battery cell components. At the same time, the partition 111 also prevents the high-temperature gas entering the second cavity from flowing back into the first cavity.
  • the air intake hole 182 includes a first through hole 1821 and a second through hole 1822.
  • the second through hole 1822 is offset from the first through hole 1821 in the length direction of the side plate, and the second through hole 1822 is located above the first through hole 1821, that is, the second through hole 1822 is located obliquely above the first through hole 1821. This makes the distance between the first through hole 1821 and the second through hole 1822 in the length direction of the side plate smaller in this embodiment, so that more air intake holes 182 can be arranged on the side plate of the same volume, while ensuring the stress strength of the side plate.
  • the first through hole 1821 is located directly below the vent hole 184, and the second through hole 1822 is offset from the vent hole 184 along the length of the side plate. Because the air pressure in the second cavity connected to the outside is relatively low, the high-temperature gas and flame entering the first cavity through the first through hole 1821 will flow directly to the vent hole 184 via the shortest path, and the high-temperature gas and flame entering the first cavity through the second through hole 1822 will also flow directly to the vent hole 184 via the shortest path.
  • the straight line connecting the first through hole 1821 and the vent hole 184 (shortest path) and the straight line connecting the second through hole 1822 and the vent hole 184 (shortest path) do not exist.
  • the shortest path between the first through hole 1821 and the vent hole 184, and the shortest path between the second through hole 1822 and the vent hole 184 form two non-interfering channels.
  • the vent hole 184 is disposed above the position between the first through hole 1821 and the second through hole 1822, which can increase the length of the exhaust channel 18, and the exhaust channel 18 containing the first through hole 1821 and the exhaust channel 18 containing the second through hole 1822 do not interfere with each other.
  • each battery cell assembly 22 is arranged along the length of the first side plate 11, and each battery cell assembly 22 includes a first end and a second end, with the first end facing the first side plate 11 and the second end facing the third side plate 13. Both the first side plate 11 and the third side plate 13 are provided with an air inlet 182, a cavity 181, and an exhaust 183. The first end of the battery cell assembly 22 is directly opposite the air inlet 182 on the first side plate 11, and the second end of the battery cell assembly 22 is directly opposite the air inlet 182 on the third side plate 13.
  • the battery cell assembly 22 includes a battery cell 221.
  • the two ends of the battery cell 221 correspond to the first end and the second end of the battery cell assembly 22 (i.e., the first end of the battery cell 221 is in the same position as the first end of the battery cell assembly 22, and the second end of the battery cell 221 is in the same position as the second end of the battery cell assembly 22).
  • the two ends of the battery cell 221 are the most vulnerable to damage during thermal runaway. Therefore, the first end of the battery cell assembly 22 is oriented towards the first side plate 11, and the second end of the battery cell assembly 22 is oriented towards the third side plate 13.
  • the first side plate 11 has a plurality of air inlet holes 182 distributed along its length. Each of the air inlet holes 182 on the first side plate 11 communicates with a cavity 181 on the first side plate 11.
  • the first ends of the plurality of battery cell assemblies 22 correspond one-to-one with the air inlet holes 182 on the first side plate 11.
  • the third side plate 13 has a plurality of air inlet holes 182 distributed along its length. Each of the air inlet holes 182 on the third side plate 13 communicates with a cavity 181 on the third side plate 13.
  • the second ends of the plurality of battery cell assemblies 22 correspond one-to-one with the air inlet holes 182 on the third side plate 13.
  • the first side plate 11 has multiple vent holes 183 arranged along its length, thereby increasing the total area of the vent holes 183. This allows the vent holes 183 to quickly release pressure when the battery cell assembly 22 experiences thermal runaway, ensuring that the air pressure in the second cavity is lower than the air pressure in the battery cell mounting area corresponding to the battery cell assembly 22 that experienced thermal runaway.
  • the third side plate 13 also has multiple vent holes 183 arranged along its length.
  • each battery cell assembly 22 is arranged along the length of the first side plate 11, and each battery cell assembly 22 includes a first end and a second end, with the first end facing the first side plate 11 and the second end facing the third side plate 13.
  • the first side plate 11 is provided with an air inlet 182, a cavity 181, and an exhaust vent 183, and the battery cell assembly 22 is directly opposite the air inlet vent 182 on the first side plate 11, while the third side plate 13 is not provided with an air inlet vent 182, a cavity 181, and an exhaust vent 183.
  • the battery cell assembly 22 experiences thermal runaway, high-temperature gas and flames can be discharged from the air inlet vent 182 corresponding to the first end, preventing the spread of thermal runaway.
  • the first side plate 11, the second side plate 12, the third side plate 13, and the fourth side plate 14 are each provided with an air inlet 182, a cavity 181, and an exhaust 183.
  • Multiple battery cell assemblies 22 are divided into four parts: the first end of the first part of the battery cell assembly 22 faces the first side plate 11; the first end of the second part of the battery cell assembly 22 faces the second side plate 12; the first end of the third part of the battery cell assembly 22 faces the third side plate 13; and the first end of the fourth part of the battery cell assembly 22 faces the fourth side plate 14.
  • multiple battery cell assemblies may be used.
  • the battery cell assembly 22 is divided into three parts. The first part of the battery cell assembly 22 has its first end facing the first side plate 11 and its second end facing the third side plate 13.
  • the second part of the battery cell assembly 22 is located near the second side plate 12, with its first end facing the second side plate 12 and its second end facing one side of the first part of the battery cell assembly 22.
  • the third part of the battery cell assembly 22 is located near the fourth side plate 14, with its first end facing the fourth side plate 14 and its second end facing the other side of the first part of the battery cell assembly 22.
  • the battery cell assembly 22 also includes foam 222.
  • Multiple battery cells 221 are arranged along the length of the first side plate 11, with foam 222 positioned between adjacent cells 221.
  • the foam 222 is compressible. When a cell 221 expands, the foam 222 contracts to ensure the volume stability of each battery cell assembly 22 and prevent compression of the normally functioning battery cell assembly 22.
  • each cell 221 is flattened, and when it expands, it protrudes at its large surface. Therefore, placing the foam 222 at the large surface of the cell 221 effectively ensures the volume stability of each battery cell assembly 22.
  • the air inlet 182 is elongated, allowing an air inlet channel to be directly aligned with the ends of multiple cells 221 in the same battery cell assembly 22.
  • Each cell 221 includes a cell unit and an aluminum-plastic film.
  • the aluminum-plastic film is wrapped around the outside of the cell unit.
  • the aluminum-plastic film replaces the solid outer frame of the existing cell 221.
  • the aluminum-plastic film is thin film. Compared with the solid outer frame, it is smaller in size and lighter in weight, thus reducing the volume and weight of the cell 221.
  • the first side plate 11 is provided with an air inlet 182, a cavity 181, and an exhaust 183.
  • the conductive lead of the battery cell is led out from one end of the battery cell, and the end of the battery cell from which the conductive lead is led out is the same as the first end of the battery cell assembly 22.
  • An electrode insulating plate 17 is fixed on the inner side of the first side plate 11.
  • the electrode insulating plate 17 is disposed between two adjacent battery cells 221.
  • the electrode insulating plate 17 located between the heat insulation member 21 and the first side plate 11 is connected to the heat insulation member 21.
  • the first side plate 11 and the third side plate 13 are provided with an air inlet 182, a cavity 181 and an exhaust 183.
  • Conductive leads are led out from both ends of the battery cell, and the conductive leads at both ends correspond to the positive and negative poles of the battery cell, respectively.
  • the two ends of the conductive leads from the battery cell correspond to the first end and the second end of the battery cell assembly 22, respectively.
  • An electrode insulating plate 17 is fixed on the inner side of the first side plate 11 and the third side plate 13. The electrode insulating plate 17 is disposed between two adjacent battery cells 221.
  • the electrode insulating plate 17 located between the heat insulation member 21 and the first side plate 11 is connected to the first end of the heat insulation member 21, and the electrode insulating plate 17 located between the heat insulation member 21 and the third side plate 13 is connected to the second end of the heat insulation member 21.
  • the bottom surface of the battery cell module 2 is fixedly connected to the lower cover plate 15 through the heat-conducting component 4, so that the heat of the battery cell module 2 can be transferred to the lower cover plate 15 through the heat-conducting component 4. Since the lower cover plate 15 is in contact with the outside world, or the lower cover plate 15 is provided with a cooling structure, the cooling efficiency of the battery cell module 2 is increased.
  • the top surface of the battery cell module 2 is fixedly connected to the upper cover plate 16 through the heat-conducting component 4, so that the heat of the battery cell module 2 can be transferred to the upper cover plate 16 through the heat-conducting component 4. Since the upper cover plate 16 is in contact with the outside, the cooling efficiency of the battery cell module 2 is increased.
  • the battery cell module 2 is connected to the lower cover plate 15 and the upper cover plate 16 through the heat-conducting component 4.
  • the heat-conducting component 4 can not only fix the battery cell module 2, but also fill the gap between the battery cell module 2 and the lower cover plate 15 and the upper cover plate 16, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency between the battery cell module 2 and the lower cover plate 15 and the upper cover plate 16.
  • the thermal conductive element 4 is a thermally conductive adhesive.
  • the space between the heat insulation member 21 and the tab insulation plate 17 is filled with heat-insulating structural adhesive to prevent heat from diffusing from the space between the heat insulation member 21 and the tab insulation plate 17 to the adjacent cell assembly.
  • the sealing component 3 includes a mica sheet 31, which has heat insulation and flame retardant functions. When one of the battery cell components 22 experiences thermal runaway, the mica sheet 31 can prevent heat and flames from spreading to adjacent battery cell components 22.
  • the mica sheet 31 also has an insulating function to achieve insulation isolation between the battery cell component 22 and the side plate.
  • the sealing component 3 of this application also includes an insulating film 32.
  • the mica sheet 31 and the insulating film 32 are stacked on the inner side of the side plate.
  • the insulating film 32 has both insulating and waterproof properties.
  • the insulating film 32 is disposed between the mica sheet 31 and the side plate, preventing external moisture from contacting the mica sheet 31 through the exhaust channel 18 and causing a performance degradation of the mica sheet 31.
  • the insulating film 32 is disposed between the mica sheet 31 and the battery cell assembly 22, preventing a performance degradation of the mica sheet 31 due to liquid leakage from the battery cell assembly 22.
  • insulating films 32 are provided between the mica sheet 31 and the side plate, and between the mica sheet 31 and the battery cell assembly 22, thus preventing both the influence of external moisture on the mica sheet 31 and a performance degradation of the mica sheet 31 due to liquid leakage from the battery cell assembly 22.
  • the sealing member 3 is elongated and blocks all air inlet holes 182.
  • the sealing member 3 is fixed to the entire inner side of the side plate by hot pressing, which facilitates production and reduces costs.
  • the number of sealing elements 3 matches the number of air intake holes 182, the position of the sealing elements 3 corresponds one-to-one with the air intake holes 182, and the sealing elements 3 are fixed to the entire inner side of the side plate by hot pressing.
  • a battery pack includes a battery pack housing and a battery module as described in any of the above embodiments.
  • the battery module is placed inside the battery pack housing, so that the battery pack housing can protect the battery module, and the battery module can be connected to a vehicle through the battery pack housing.
  • a vehicle includes a body and a battery pack, the battery pack being fixed to the body and used to power electrical devices on the vehicle.
  • the battery pack being fixed to the body and used to power electrical devices on the vehicle.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

本申请提供了一种电池模组、电池包及车辆，包括外壳和电芯模组，电芯模组包括隔热件和多个电芯组件，隔热件与侧板相连，且将安装腔分隔成多个电芯安装区，且每个电芯安装区至少与一个进气通孔连通，每个电芯安装区内均安装有电芯组件；当电芯模组发生热失控时，隔热件能够阻隔热量以避免向相连的电芯模组蔓延；外壳的至少一块侧板上设置有空腔、进气通孔和排气通孔，当电芯模组发生热失控时，对应电芯安装区内的气温升高、压强增大，高温气体和火苗会自动地穿过进气通孔、空腔和排气通孔并向压力低的外界泄压，避免高温气体和火苗向相连的电芯模组蔓延，排气通孔与进气通孔错位设置，能够使得高温气体和火苗与侧板的热交换面积增大、换热时间延长，进而也避免高温气体和火苗直接从而造成更大的灾害和损失，提高安全性。

Description

电池模组、电池包及车辆
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2024年5月27日提交中国专利局，申请号为202410667897.7，申请名称为“电池模组、电池包及车辆”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及车辆领域，主要涉及一种电池模组、电池包及车辆。
背景技术
现有的电池包中，为了方便电芯热失控时快速排出热量，通常在外壳上设置排气通道，当部分电芯热失控时直接从对应排气通道排出。但是，现有的排气通道设置不合理，容易导致热失控蔓延。
发明内容
鉴于上述现有技术的不足之处，本申请的目的在于提供一种电池模组、电池包及车辆，有效解决电池模组的热失控发生蔓延的问题。
为了达到上述目的，本申请采取了以下技术方案：
一种电池模组，包括外壳、电芯模组和封堵件，外壳包括多块侧板，多块侧板合围形成有安装腔，至少一块侧板上设有空腔、进气通孔和排气通孔，进气通孔连通空腔和外壳的内部，排气通孔连通空腔和外壳的外部，排气通孔与进气通孔错位设置；电芯模组包括隔热件和多个电芯组件，隔热件与侧板相连，且将安装腔分隔成多个电芯安装区，电芯安装区内安装有电芯组件，进气通孔设置有多个，每个电芯安装区至少与一个进气通孔连通。隔热件将安装腔分隔成多个电芯安装区，且每个电芯安装区至少与一个进气通孔连通，每个电芯安装区内均安装有电芯组件，使得发生热失控时高温气体和火苗能够从排气通孔排出，而且排气通孔与进气通孔错位设置，使得避免火苗直接窜出，也增加高温气体与侧板的接触时间，实现对高温气体的降温。
在本申请的一些实施例中，排气通孔位于进气通孔的上方，利用高温气体比低温气体轻的原理，使得高温气体排出更顺畅。
在本申请的一些实施例中，空腔内部设有隔板，隔板设置在进气通孔与排气通孔之间，隔板上设有通气通孔，通气通孔连通进气通孔与排气通孔，通过隔板的设置，增加了侧板的受力强度。
在本申请的一些实施例中，通气通孔位于进气通孔的正上方，通气通孔与排气通孔在侧板的长度方向错位；通气通孔有多个，多个通气通孔沿隔板的长度方向间隔设置；排气通孔有多个，多个排气通孔沿侧板的长度方向间隔设置。由此使同一侧板上布置有多个排气通道，且增加了排气通道的长度。
在本申请的一些实施例中，进气通孔包括第一通孔和第二通孔，第二通孔与第一通孔在侧板的长度方向错位，且第二通孔位于第一通孔的上方；第一通孔和第二通孔分别与相邻的两电芯安装区连通，使得在保证侧板的受力强度的情况下，能够沿侧板的长度方向错位布置更多的进气通孔，使得结构更加紧凑，以及将电芯模组设置得更小，减小某一电芯模组发生热失控时对整个电池模组的影响。
在本申请的一些实施例中，第一通孔位于通气通孔的正下方；第二通孔与通气通孔在侧板的长度方向错位，使得高温气体和火苗从第一通孔流向通气通孔时，不需要经过第二通孔的位置，高温气体和火苗从第二通孔流向通气通孔时，也不需要经过第一通孔的位置，避免高温气体和火苗通过其他进气通孔进入相邻的电芯安装区，导致热失控蔓延。
在本申请的一些实施例中，侧板包括第一侧板、第二侧板、第三侧板和第四侧板，第一侧板、第二侧板、第三侧板和第四侧板依次首尾相连合围形成边框；第一侧板沿其长度方向分布有多个进气通孔，第一侧板上的多个进气通孔均与第一侧板上的空腔连通；多个电芯组件沿第一侧板的长度方向排列，且电芯组件的第一端朝向第一侧板，且与第一侧板上的进气通孔正对，使得高温气体能够快速排出至通气通孔与排气通孔之间，避免对相邻的进气通孔处的封堵件的影响。
在本申请的一些实施例中，第三侧板沿其长度方向分布有多个进气通孔，多个第三侧板上的进气通孔均与第三侧板上的空腔连通；电芯组件的第二端朝向第三侧板，且与第三侧板上的进气通孔正对。电芯组件的两端均与进气通孔正对，使得排气更顺畅。
在本申请的一些实施例中，第一侧板沿其长度方向排列有多个排气通孔；第三侧板沿其长度方向排列有多个排气通孔。
在本申请的一些实施例中，电芯组件包括电芯和泡棉，电芯配置有多个，且多个电芯沿第一侧板的长度方向排列，相邻两个电芯之间设置有泡棉。电芯组件包括泡棉，使得电芯膨胀时可以压缩泡棉而保持结构稳定。
在本申请的一些实施例中，第一侧板的内侧固定有极耳绝缘板，极耳绝缘板设置在相邻两个电芯之间，位于隔热件与第一侧板之间填充有绝热结构胶，使得相邻两个电芯组件之间通过隔热件完全间隔，避免热失控时高温气体向相邻的电芯组件扩散。
在本申请的一些实施例中，电芯包括电芯单体和铝塑膜，铝塑膜包裹在电芯单体的外侧，采用柔性的铝塑膜代替固体外壳，减小电芯的体积和重量。
在本申请的一些实施例中，外壳还包括下盖板和上盖板，且下盖板固定在边框的底部，上盖板固定在边框的顶部；电芯模组的底面通过导热件与下盖板固定连接，电芯模组的顶面通过导热件与上盖板固定连接。下盖板和上盖板与电芯组件通过导热件连接，提高导热效率，提高电池模组的散热效果。
在本申请的一些实施例中，电池模组还包括封堵件，封堵件固定在侧板的内壁上，用于封堵进气通孔，且当电芯模组发生热失控时所产生的高温气体能够打开进气通孔。通过封堵件封堵进气通孔，避免发生热失控时通过相邻的进气通孔蔓延至相邻的电芯组件上。
在本申请的一些实施例中，封堵件包括云母片和绝缘膜，云母片和绝缘膜层叠在侧板的内侧面；绝缘膜设置在云母片与侧板之间，或/及绝缘膜设置在云母片与电芯组件之间。封堵件包括云母片和绝缘膜，提高阻燃和绝缘效果。
在本申请的一些实施例中，封堵件呈长条形，且封堵件封堵所有进气通孔；或封堵件的数量与进气通孔的数量匹配，封堵件的位置与进气通孔一一对应。
一种电池包，包括电池包箱体和电池模组，电池模组置于电池包箱体内。
一种车辆，包括车体和电池包，电池包固定在车体上。
有益效果：本申请的电池模组包括外壳和电芯模组，电芯模组包括隔热件和多个电芯组件，隔热件与侧板相连，且将安装腔分隔成多个电芯安装区，且每个电芯安装区至少与一个进气通孔连通，每个电芯安装区内均安装有电芯组件；当电芯模组发生热失控时，隔热件能够阻隔热量以避免向相连的电芯模组蔓延；外壳的至少一块侧板上设置有空腔、进气通孔和排气通孔，当电芯模组发生热失控时，对应电芯安装区内的气温升高、压强增大，高温气体和火苗会自动地穿过进气通孔、空腔和排气通孔并向压力低的外界泄压，避免高温气体和火苗向相连的电芯模组蔓延，排气通孔与进气通孔错位设置，能够使得高温气体和火苗与侧板的热交换面积增大、换热时间延长，进而也避免高温气体和火苗直接从电池模组中向外窜出从而造成更大的灾害和损失，提高安全性。
一种电池包，包括电池包箱体和上述电池模组，电池模组置于电池包箱体内部，使得电池包箱体能够对电池模组起到保护作用，而且上述电池模组能够增大热失控时的换热面积以及延长换热时间，也避免高温气体和火苗直接从电池模组中向外窜出从而造成更大的灾害和损失。
一种车辆，包括车体和上述的电池包，使得当其中一个电芯组件发生热失控时，避免向相邻电芯组件蔓延，也避免高温气体和火苗直接从电池包中向外窜出从而造成更大的灾害和损失，提高安全。
附图说明
图1是本申请的一些实施例中的电池模组的结构示意图，其中只画出部分电芯模组。
图2是图1所示的电池模组拆去上盖板后的俯视结构示意图。
图3是图1所示的电池模组拆去上盖板和导热件后的俯视结构示意图。
图4是图3在A处的局部放大示意图。
图5是图1所示的电池模组拆去第二侧板后的主视结构示意图。
图6是图5在B处的局部放大示意图。
图7是图6在爆炸状态下结构示意图，其中，箭头指示高温气体排出的流动方向，虚线指示相邻两个电芯组件分界位置。
图8是本申请的一些实施例中的侧板的结构示意图。
图9是图8所示的侧板的局部剖视结构示意图。
图10是本申请的一些实施例中的电芯模组的结构示意图。
主要元件符号说明：1-外壳；10-安装腔；11-第一侧板；111-隔板；12-第二侧板；13-第三侧板；14-第四侧板；15-下盖板；16-上盖板；17-极耳绝缘板；18-排气通道；181-空腔；182-进气通孔；183-排气通孔；184-通气通孔；1821-第一通孔；1822-第二通孔；2-电芯模组；21-隔热件；22-电芯组件；221-电芯；222-泡棉；3-封堵件；31-云母片；32-绝缘膜；4-导热件；5-绝热结构胶。
具体实施方式
本申请提供一种电池模组、电池包及车辆，为使本申请的目的、技术方案及效果更加清楚、明确，以下参照附图并举实施例对本申请进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请的保护范围。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“上”、“下”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接或可以相互通讯；可以是直接连接，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
参阅图1-图3以及图7，一种电池模组，包括外壳1和电芯模组2。外壳1包括多块侧板，多块侧板合围形成有安装腔10，电芯模组2包括隔热件21和多个电芯组件22，隔热件21与侧板相连，且将安装腔10分隔成多个电芯安装区，每个电芯安装区内均安装有电芯组件22，因此，每个电芯组件22安装在独立的电芯安装区内，而且相邻的电芯安装区之间存在隔热件21间隔，避免相邻两个电芯组件22之间发生热传递。也就是说，当其中一个电芯组件22发生热失控时，热量受到隔热件21的阻隔，不会传递到相邻的电芯组件22上，避免发生热失控蔓延。
在本申请的一些实施例中，侧板配置有4块，4块侧板分别为第一侧板11、第二侧板12、第三侧板13和第四侧板14，第一侧板11、第二侧板12、第三侧板13和第四侧板14依次首尾相连合围形成边框。在图1所示的实施例中，4块侧板所围成的边框呈方形。外壳1还包括下盖板15和上盖板16，且下盖板15固定在边框的底部，上盖板16固定在边框的顶部，使得外壳1形成一个密封箱体，而电芯模组2被密封在外壳1内部。
在本申请的另一些实施例中，侧板的数量也可以为5块、6块或者更多，侧板所围成的边框的形状也可以是四边形、五边形、六边形或者其他形状。
参阅图4-图9，在上述的多块侧板中，至少一块侧板上设有空腔181、进气通孔182和排气通孔183，进气通孔182设于侧板的内壁上，排气通孔183设于侧板的外壁上，侧板的内壁和外壁之间形成空腔181。进气通孔182连通空腔181和外壳1的内部，排气通孔183连通空腔181和外壳1的外部，使得进气通孔182、空腔181和排气通孔183构成排气通道18。进气通孔182设置有多个，每个电芯安装区至少与一个进气通孔182连通，使得当其中一个电芯组件22发生热失控时，能够从对应排气通道18排出高温气体，避免向相邻的电芯组件22蔓延。
电池模组还包括封堵件3，封堵件3固定在侧板的内壁上，且封堵进气通孔182，封堵件3的强度比隔热件21以及侧板的强度低，当电芯模组2发生热失控时，所产生的高温气体能够打开封堵件3并穿过进气通孔182。详细的，当电芯组件22发生热失控时，对应电芯安装区内的气温升高，压强增大，使得封堵件3对应进气通孔182位置被压破(该位置没有侧板的支撑，强度最弱)，进而使得高温气体和火苗能够从排气通道18排出。
封堵件3具有阻燃隔热能力，当其中一个电芯组件22发生热失控时，未发生热失控处的封堵件3能够阻止火苗以及热量进入对应的电芯安装区内，避免高温气体和火苗向相邻的电芯组件22蔓延。
其中，排气通孔183与进气通孔182错位设置，使得增加了排气通道18的长度，增加高温气体与侧板接触的时间，由于侧板的温度低，因此实现增加了对高温气体的冷却时间。当存在火苗时，火苗需要经过较长的排气通道18，而且火苗从进气通孔182至排气通孔183外侧至少需要经过两个拐角，因此能够避免火苗直接从排气通孔183窜出，从而引起位于电池模组外部的结构发生火灾，如此设置增加了火苗在排气通道18内熄灭的概率。
在本申请的一些实施例中，排气通孔183与进气通孔182沿侧板的长度方向错位，使得能够利用侧板的长度，使排气通孔183与进气通孔182之间的距离更大，增加排气通道18的长度，提高对高温气体的冷却效率。
在本申请的一些实施例中，排气通孔183位于进气通孔182的上方。高温气体的重量小于低温气体，本申请将排气通孔183设置在进气通孔182的上方，使得高温气体能够在排气通道18的引导下自发的从排气通孔183排出，阻力小，避免高温气体回流而点燃其他电芯组件22。
每个电芯安装区至少与一个进气通孔182连通，使得电芯组件22发生热失控时，高温气体和火苗从对应的排气通道18排出，避免对相邻处正常工作的电芯组件22的干扰。
在本申请的一些实施例中，同一侧板上配置有多个进气通孔182，多个进气通孔182沿侧板的长度方向隔间设置，而且多个进气通孔182均与空腔181连通，且多个进气通孔182与不同的电芯安装区连通，使得多条排气通道18可以共用排气通孔183，因此可以减少排气通孔183的数量，提高侧板的受力强度。当电芯组件22发生热失控时，高温气体会自发的向压力小的方向流动，因此高温气体进入空腔181后，会自动地向附近的排气通孔183流动，进而减小对相邻的进气通孔182上的封堵件3的影响。也就是说，高温气体进入空腔181后，压力迅速减小，并且减小至冲破封堵件3所需要的压力之下，使得高温气体不会进入其他的电芯安装区，有效避免了热失控向相邻的电芯组件22蔓延。
空腔181内部设有隔板111，使得增强了侧板的强度。其中，隔板111设置在进气通孔182与排气通孔183之间，隔板111上设有通气通孔184，通气通孔184连通进气通孔182与排气通孔183，通气通孔184与排气通孔183在侧板的长度方向错位，使得高温气体和火苗需要经过通气通孔184后才能到达排气通孔183处，增加了进气通孔182与排气通孔183之间的路径长度，提高高温气体的冷却效果，以及提高灭火能力。
在图8和图9所示的实施例中，隔板111沿侧板的长度方向延伸，使得侧板内部的空腔181分成下部的第一空腔和上部的第二空腔，第一空腔和第二空腔在上下方向并排设置，而且第一空腔和第二空腔的长度方向均沿着侧板的长度方向延伸。通气通孔184连通第一空腔和第二空腔，进气通孔182与第一空腔连通，排气通孔183与第二空腔连通。高温气体和火苗从进气通孔182进入第一空腔后，迅速穿过通气通孔184进入第二空腔，避免向相邻的电芯组件22方向流动，之后高温气体在第二空腔内沿侧板的长度方向流动一定距离至最近的排气通孔183处排出。通过在进气通孔182与排气通孔183之间设置隔板111，增大了侧板的受力强度，以及避免高温气体回流，同时，将隔板111上的通气通孔184与侧板上的排气通孔183错位设置，可以进一步增加排气通道18的路径长度，即增大传热路径，使得进入空腔内的高温气体和火苗与侧板的热交换面积增大、换热时间延长，从而使热失控尽可能在外壳1的内部得到控制，避免热失控蔓延而造成更大的灾害和损失。
其中，多个通气通孔184沿隔板的长度方向间隔设置，多个排气通孔183沿侧板的长度方向间隔设置，使得同一侧板上布置有多个排气通道18，使得当某个电芯组件22发生热失控时，高温气体能够自动地在向气压小的方向流动，并且能够在第一空腔和第二空腔处进行分流，快速降低高温气体的压力。
在一些实施例中，通气通孔184设置在进气通孔182的正上方，由于高温气体是向上走的，因此将通气通孔184设置在进气通孔182的正上方，可以使高温气体穿过进气通孔182进入第一空腔后，可以迅速通过通气通孔184进入第二空腔中(最短路径)，避免高温气体在第一空腔中左右窜动而穿破两边的封堵件3以引起周边电芯组件起火。同时，隔板111也起到了阻止进入第二空腔内的高温气体回流到第一空腔内的作用。
在本申请的一些实施例中，进气通孔182包括第一通孔1821和第二通孔1822，第二通孔1822与第一通孔1821在侧板的长度方向错位，且第二通孔1822位于第一通孔1821的上方，即第二通孔1822位于第一通孔1821的斜上方，使得在相同孔径和相同孔距的情况下，相对第一通孔1821和第二通孔1822设置在同一高度的方案，本实施例中的第一通孔1821和第二通孔1822在侧板的长度方向的距离更小，从而能够在相同体积的侧板上布置更多进气通孔182，并且保证侧板的受力强度。
在本申请的一些实施例中，第一通孔1821位于通气通孔184的正下方，第二通孔1822与通气通孔184在侧板的长度方向错位。由于与外界连通的第二空腔的气压较小，因此从第一通孔1821进入第一空腔的高温气体和火苗会以最短的路径直接流向通气通孔184，从第二通孔1822进入第一空腔的高温气体和火苗也会以最短的路径直接流向通气通孔184，由于第二通孔1822与通气通孔184在侧板的长度方向错位，使得第一通孔1821与通气通孔184之间的直线连线(路径最短)、第二通孔1822与通气通孔184之间的直线连线(路径最短)不存在交叉点，因此，第一通孔1821与通气通孔184之间最短路径和第二通孔1822与通气通孔184之间最短路径形成两条互不干涉的通道，从而避免从第一通孔1821流出的高温气体和火苗经过第二通孔1822的位置并穿过第二通孔1822进入与第二通孔1822连通的电芯安装区，也避免从第二通孔1822流出的高温气体和火苗经过第一通孔1821的位置并穿过第一通孔1821进入与第一通孔1821连通的电芯安装区。
在本申请的另一些实施例中，当第一通孔1821与第二通孔1822之间沿侧板的长度方向的距离较大时，通气通孔184设置在第一通孔1821与第二通孔1822之间位置的上方，能够增加排气通道18的长度，而且包含第一通孔1821的排气通道18和包含第二通孔1822的排气通道18互不干扰。
参阅图1、图7以及图10，在本申请的一些实施例中，多个电芯组件22沿第一侧板11的长度方向排列，且电芯组件22包括第一端和第二端，第一端朝向第一侧板11，第二端朝向第三侧板13。第一侧板11和第三侧板13上均设置有进气通孔182、空腔181和排气通孔183，且电芯组件22的第一端与第一侧板11上的进气通孔182正对，电芯组件22的第二端与第三侧板13上的进气通孔182正对。
其中，电芯组件22包括电芯221，电芯221的两端与电芯组件22的第一端和第二端对应(即电芯221的第一端与电芯组件22的第一端位置相同，电芯221的第二端与电芯组件22的第二端位置相同)，而且电芯221的两端为热失控时最容易破坏的位置，因此，将电芯组件22的第一端朝向第一侧板11，将电芯组件22的第二端朝向第三侧板13，当电芯组件22发生热失控时，高温气体和火苗能够快速从两端或者其中一端所对应的进气通孔182处排出，避免热失控蔓延。
参阅图1、图7-图9，该实施例中，第一侧板11沿其长度方向分布有多个进气通孔182，第一侧板11上的多个进气通孔182均与第一侧板11上的空腔181连通，多个电芯组件22的第一端分别与第一侧板11上的进气通孔182一一对应。第三侧板13沿其长度方向分布有多个进气通孔182，第三侧板13上的多个进气通孔182均与第三侧板13上的空腔181连通，多个电芯组件22的第二端分别与第三侧板13上的进气通孔182一一对应。
第一侧板11沿其长度方向排列设置有多个排气通孔183，进而增加了排气通孔183的总面积，使得当电芯组件22发生热失控时，排气通孔183能够快速泄压，以保证第二空腔的气压小于发生热失控的电芯组件22所对应的电芯安装区的气压。同样的，第三侧板13沿其长度方向也排列设置有多个排气通孔183。
在本申请的一些实施例中，多个电芯组件22沿第一侧板11的长度方向排列，且电芯组件22包括第一端和第二端，第一端朝向第一侧板11，第二端朝向第三侧板13。第一侧板11上设置有进气通孔182、空腔181和排气通孔183，且电芯组件22与第一侧板11上的进气通孔182正对，而第三侧板13上不设置有进气通孔182、空腔181和排气通孔183，当电芯组件22发生热失控时，高温气体和火苗能够从与第一端所对应的进气通孔182处排出，避免热失控蔓延。
在本申请的另一些实施例中，第一侧板11、第二侧板12、第三侧板13和第四侧板14上均设置有进气通孔182、空腔181和排气通孔183，多个电芯组件22分成4部分，第一部分电芯组件22的第一端朝向第一侧板11，第二部分电芯组件22的第一端朝向第二侧板12，第三部分电芯组件22的第一端朝向第三侧板13，第四部分电芯组件22的第一端朝向第四侧板14，或者多个电芯组件22分成3部分，第一部分电芯组件22的第一端朝向第一侧板11，第二端朝向第三侧板13，第二部分电芯组件22设置在靠近第二侧板12的位置，且第二部分电芯组件22的第一端朝向第二侧板12，第二端朝向第一部分电芯组件22的一侧面，第三部分电芯组件22设置在靠近第四侧板14的位置，且第三部分电芯组件22的第一端朝向第四侧板14，第二端朝向第一部分电芯组件22的另一侧面。
参阅图10，电芯组件22还包括泡棉222，电芯221配置有多个，且多个电芯221沿第一侧板11的长度方向排列，相邻两个电芯221之间设置有泡棉222，泡棉222具有可压缩性。当电芯221发生膨胀时，泡棉222收缩，以保证每个电芯组件22的体积稳定，避免挤压正常工作的电芯组件22。在图10所示的实施例中，每个电芯221设置成扁状，当电芯221发生膨胀时，在电芯221的大面处凸起，因此将泡棉222设置在电芯221的大面处，有效地保证每个电芯组件22的体积稳定。进气通孔182设置为长条形，使得一个进气通道能够与同一电芯组件22中的多个电芯221的端部正对。
每个电芯221包括电芯单体和铝塑膜，铝塑膜包裹在电芯单体的外侧，铝塑膜代替现有电芯221的固体外框，铝塑膜呈薄膜状，与固体外框相比，体积小、重量轻，因此能够减小电芯221的体积，以及减轻重量。
参阅图7，在本申请的一些实施例中，第一侧板11上设置有进气通孔182、空腔181和排气通孔183，电芯单体的导电引线从电芯单体的其中一个端部引出，电芯单体引出导电引线的端部与电芯组件22的第一端相同。第一侧板11的内侧固定有极耳绝缘板17，极耳绝缘板17设置在相邻两个电芯221之间，位于隔热件21与第一侧板11之间的极耳绝缘板17与隔热件21连接。
在本申请的一些实施例中，第一侧板11和第三侧板13上设置有进气通孔182、空腔181和排气通孔183，从电芯单体的两端均引出有导电引线，两端的导电引线分别对应电芯单体的正负极，电芯单体引出有导电引线的两端分别与电芯组件22的第一端和第二端对应，第一侧板11和第三侧板13的内侧均固定有极耳绝缘板17，极耳绝缘板17设置在相邻两个电芯221之间，位于隔热件21与第一侧板11之间的极耳绝缘板17与隔热件21的第一端连接，位于隔热件21与第三侧板13之间的极耳绝缘板17与隔热件21的第二端连接。
参阅图6，电芯模组2的底面通过导热件4与下盖板15固定连接，使得电芯模组2的热量能够通过导热件4传递至下盖板15上，由于下盖板15与外界接触，或者下盖板15上设有冷却结构，因此增加了电芯模组2的冷却效率。
电芯模组2的顶面通过导热件4与上盖板16固定连接，使得电芯模组2的热量能够通过导热件4传递至上盖板16上，由于上盖板16与外界接触，因此增加了电芯模组2的冷却效率。
本申请的电芯模组2通过导热件4与下盖板15和上盖板16连接，导热件4既能够起到固定电芯模组2的作用，还能够填补电芯模组2与下盖板15之间的空隙以及电芯模组2与上盖板16之间的空隙，提高电芯模组2与下盖板15之间以及电芯模组2与上盖板16之间换热效率。
在本申请的一些实施例中，导热件4为导热胶。
在本申请的一些实施例中，隔热件21与极耳绝缘板17之间通过绝热结构胶填充，避免热量从隔热件21与极耳绝缘板17之间向相邻的电芯组件扩散。
参阅图6，封堵件3包括云母片31，云母片31具有隔热阻燃的功能，当其中一个电芯组件22发生热失控时，云母片31能够阻止热量和火苗向相邻的电芯组件22蔓延。云母片31还具有绝缘功能，以实现电芯组件22与侧板之间的绝缘隔离。
云母片31应用在湿度较大的环境时，云母片31的绝缘性以及受力强度会下降。本申请的封堵件3还包括绝缘膜32，云母片31和绝缘膜32层叠在侧板的内侧面，绝缘膜32具有绝缘性能，也具有防水功能。在本申请的一些实施例中，绝缘膜32设置在云母片31与侧板之间，能够避免外部的水汽通过排气通道18与云母片31接触而导致云母片31的性能下降。在本申请的一些实施例中，绝缘膜32设置在云母片31与电芯组件22之间，避免因电芯组件22发生液体泄漏而导致云母片31的性能下降。在本申请的一些实施例中，云母片31与侧板之间以及云母片31与电芯组件22之间均设有绝缘膜32，使得既能防止外部的水汽对云母片31的影响，也能避免因电芯组件22发生液体泄漏而导致云母片31的性能下降。
在本申请的一些实施例中，封堵件3呈长条形，且封堵件3封堵所有进气通孔182，其中封堵件3通过热压的方式固定在侧板的整个内侧面，使得生产方便，降低成本。
在另一实施例中，封堵件3的数量与进气通孔182的数量匹配，封堵件3的位置与进气通孔182一一对应，封堵件3通过热压的方式固定在侧板的整个内侧面。
一种电池包，包括电池包箱体和上述任一实施例中的电池模组，电池模组置于电池包箱体内部，使得电池包箱体能够对电池模组起到保护作用，而且电池模组能够通过电池包箱体与车辆连接。
一种车辆，包括车体和电池包，电池包固定在车体上，电池包用于为车辆上的电器件供电。当电池包中的其中一个电芯组件22发生热失控时，高温气体和火苗从对应的排气通道18排出，避免对相邻处正常工作的电芯组件22的干扰，减小对整体的电池包的影响。
可以理解的是，对本领域普通技术人员来说，可以根据本申请的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，而所有这些改变或替换都应属于本申请的保护范围。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种电池模组，其特征在于，包括：
    外壳，包括多块侧板，多块侧板合围形成有安装腔，至少一块所述侧板上设有空腔、进气通孔和排气通孔，所述进气通孔连通所述空腔和所述外壳的内部，所述排气通孔连通所述空腔和所述外壳的外部，所述排气通孔与所述进气通孔错位设置；
    电芯模组，包括隔热件和多个电芯组件，所述隔热件与所述侧板相连，且将所述安装腔分隔成多个电芯安装区，所述电芯安装区内安装有所述电芯组件，所述进气通孔设置有多个，每个所述电芯安装区至少与一个所述进气通孔连通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述排气通孔位于所述进气通孔的上方，所述排气通孔与所述进气通孔沿所述侧板的长度方向错位。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述空腔内部设有隔板，所述隔板设置在所述进气通孔与所述排气通孔之间，所述隔板上设有通气通孔，所述通气通孔连通所述进气通孔与所述排气通孔。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池模组，其特征在于，
    所述通气通孔位于所述进气通孔的正上方，所述通气通孔与所述排气通孔在所述侧板的长度方向错位；所述通气通孔有多个，多个所述通气通孔沿所述隔板的长度方向间隔设置；所述排气通孔有多个，多个所述排气通孔沿所述侧板的长度方向间隔设置。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述进气通孔包括第一通孔和第二通孔，所述第二通孔与所述第一通孔在所述侧板的长度方向错位，且所述第二通孔位于所述第一通孔的上方；
    所述第一通孔和所述第二通孔分别与相邻的两所述电芯安装区连通。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池模组，其特征在于，
    所述第一通孔位于所述通气通孔的正下方，所述第二通孔与所述通气通孔在所述侧板的长度方向错位；或
    所述通气通孔设置在所述第一通孔与所述第二通孔之间的上方。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的电池模组，其特征在于，
    所述侧板包括第一侧板、第二侧板、第三侧板和第四侧板，所述第一侧板、所述第二侧板、所述第三侧板和所述第四侧板依次首尾相连合围形成边框；
    所述第一侧板沿其长度方向分布有多个所述进气通孔，所述第一侧板上的多个所述进气通孔均与所述第一侧板上的空腔连通；
    多个所述电芯组件沿所述第一侧板的长度方向排列，且所述电芯组件的第一端朝向所述第一侧板，并与所述第一侧板上的进气通孔正对。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池模组，其特征在于，
    所述第三侧板沿其长度方向分布有多个所述进气通孔，所述第三侧板上的多个所述进气通孔均与所述第三侧板上的空腔连通；
    所述电芯组件的第二端朝向所述第三侧板，且与所述第三侧板上的进气通孔正对；所述第二端为与所述第一端相对的另一端。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池模组，其特征在于，
    所述第一侧板沿其长度方向排列有多个所述排气通孔；
    所述第三侧板沿其长度方向排列有多个所述排气通孔。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述电芯组件包括电芯和泡棉，所述电芯配置有多个，且多个所述电芯沿所述第一侧板的长度方向排列，相邻两个所述电芯之间设置有所述泡棉。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述第一侧板的内侧固定有极耳绝缘板，所述极耳绝缘板设置在相邻两个电芯之间，所述隔热件与所述第一侧板之间填充有绝热结构胶。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述电芯包括电芯单体和铝塑膜，所述铝塑膜包裹在所述电芯单体的外侧。
  13. 根据权利要求7所述的电池模组，其特征在于，
    所述外壳还包括下盖板和上盖板，且所述下盖板固定在所述边框的底部，所述上盖板固定在所述边框的顶部；
    所述电芯模组的底面通过导热件与所述下盖板固定连接，所述电芯模组的顶面通过导热件与所述上盖板固定连接。
  14. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的电池模组，其特征在于，
    所述电池模组还包括封堵件，所述封堵件固定在所述侧板的内壁上，用于封堵所述进气通孔，且当所述电芯模组发生热失控时所产生的高温气体能够打开所述进气通孔。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述封堵件包括云母片和绝缘膜，所述云母片和所述绝缘膜层叠在所述侧板的内侧面；
    所述绝缘膜设置在所述云母片与所述侧板之间，或/及所述绝缘膜设置在所述云母片与所述电芯组件之间。
  16. 根据权利要求14所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述封堵件呈长条形，且所述封堵件封堵所有所述进气通孔；或
    所述封堵件的数量与所述进气通孔的数量匹配，所述封堵件的位置与所述进气通孔一一对应。
  17. 一种电池包，其特征在于，包括电池包箱体和如权利要求1-16中任一项所述的电池模组，所述电池模组置于所述电池包箱体内。
  18. 一种车辆，其特征在于，包括车体和如权利要求17所述的电池包，所述电池包通过所述电池包箱体固定在所述车体上。
PCT/CN2025/091590 2024-05-27 2025-04-27 电池模组、电池包及车辆 Pending WO2025246769A1 (zh)

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